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Grmasha RA, Al-Sareji OJ, Meiczinger M, Al-Juboori RA, Stenger-Kovács C, Lengyel E, Sh Majdi H, AlKhaddar R, Mohammed SJ, Hashim KS. Seasonal variation and concentration of PAHs in Lake Balaton sediment: A study on molecular weight distribution and sources of pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116333. [PMID: 38579446 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial variations of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined at multiple sites around Lake Balaton from February 2023 to January 2024. The results indicated that the concentrations of PAHs in sediment were high during the winter months, 448.35 to 619.77 ng/g dry weight, and low during the summer months, 257.21 to 465.49 ng/g dry weight. The concentration of high molecular weight PAHs (HMWPAHs), consisting of 5-6 rings, was greater than that of low molecular weight PAHs (LMWPAHs), which had 2-3 rings. The total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for both dermal and ingestion pathways was high for both adults and children during the four seasons, with the highest records as the following: winter > spring > summer > autumn. The ecological effects of the 16 PAHs were negligible except for acenaphthylene (Acy) and fluorene (Fl), which displayed slightly higher concentrations during the autumn and spring, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayah Ali Grmasha
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, H-8200 Veszprem, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary; Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H 8200, Hungary; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Babylon 51001, Iraq.
| | - Osamah J Al-Sareji
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H 8200, Hungary; Research Centre of Engineering Sciences, Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Pannonia, PO Box 158, H-8201 Veszprém, Hungary; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Mónika Meiczinger
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém H 8200, Hungary
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University-Abu Dhabi Campus, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Csilla Stenger-Kovács
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, H-8200 Veszprem, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary; HUN-REN-PE Limnoecology Research Group, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Edina Lengyel
- University of Pannonia, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Natural Science, Research Group of Limnology, H-8200 Veszprem, Egyetem u. 10, Hungary
| | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University, Al-Hillah, Babylon 51001, Iraq
| | - Rafid AlKhaddar
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | | | - Khalid S Hashim
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Environmental Research and Studies Center, University of Babylon, Al-Hillah, Babylon 51001, Iraq; Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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Frapiccini E, De Marco R, Grilli F, Marini M, Annibaldi A, Prezioso E, Tramontana M, Spagnoli F. Anthropogenic contribution, transport, and accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in sediments of the continental shelf and slope in the Mediterranean Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141285. [PMID: 38286310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary approach, involving geochemical, sedimentological and oceanographic analyses, was employed to examine the distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a strongly anthropized area of the marginal Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean basin). The investigation into PAH distribution considered the grain size and biogeochemical properties of the sediments, as well as in relation to the main oceanographic processes and river inputs. Both biogeochemical and hydrographical inputs regulated the sedimentation of organic particles, influencing the distribution of PAHs. The results indicated PAH levels in 116 marine surface sediments ranging from 4 to 235 ng g-1 (average 55 ng g-1). The distribution of PAHs in Adriatic Sea surface sediments aligned with a higher clayey sedimentation in the deeper basin areas of the Middle Adriatic Depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Frapiccini
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Rocco De Marco
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Grilli
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies (FMC), 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies (FMC), 61032, Fano, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Prezioso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Tramontana
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Campus Scientifico E. Mattei, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Federico Spagnoli
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy; University of Camerino, School of Science and Technology, Geology Division, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino, Italy
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Świt P, Orzeł J. Towards the assessment of exposure to bisphenols in everyday items with increased accuracy by the use of integrated calibration method (ICM)-based methodology. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464612. [PMID: 38159404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The most crucial purpose of the measurement is to obtain a reliable result that reflects the actual qualitative and/or quantitative features of the tested material. The overriding goal of analytical chemistry is to obtain accurate results after compensating of various interference effects as well as non-linear calibration dependence. A new approach based on an integrated calibration method (ICM) supported by H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) has been used to improve the quality of analytical results. The proposed methodological approach was extended using the step-by-step dilution procedure, and five measurement conditions were used to eliminate multiplicative, additive, and non-linear interferences. On this basis, a set of estimations is obtained to improve the quality of the analytical results. The analytical usefulness of the proposed approach was tested on the example of the determination of three compounds from the group of bisphenols (BPs) using the chromatographic technique - HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection). Compared to the reference method - fluorescence spectroscopy - the obtained results were characterized by excellent accuracy (RE=3 % in most cases). The developed methodology allowed to carry out a risk assessment on BPA, BPF, and BPS present in samples of shop receipts and canned food. Store clerks have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to PBF and BPS in receipts due to skin permeation (exposure factors were equal to 308.97 µg/g for BPF and 181.89 µg/g for BPS). Consumers should also pay close attention to the BPA found in canned food samples (the average concentration was equal to 20.61 µg/mL, and the tolerable daily intake was exceeded over 165.000 times). The analytical method and the methodological approach were evaluated using the RGB model and the AGREE approach - it was shown that the method can be successfully used for other analytical purposes (the method is White) and is environmentally friendly (Significance=0.63).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, Katowice 40-006, Poland.
| | - Joanna Orzeł
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, Katowice 40-006, Poland
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Li B, Zhao L, Zhong S, An R, Ma R, Xu X, Chen Q. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around main water source areas of Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7569-7584. [PMID: 37391576 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban environments have been globally concerned due to their significant health impacts on residents. However, little is known about potential risks of PAHs from centralized water source areas. In the present study, 326 soils samples from the main water source areas of Beijing were collected and the occurrence, source appointment, and risks of PAHs were systematically investigated based on the monitoring results from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total PAHs (∑16 PAHs) concentrations ranged from 5.70 to 1512 ng/g with median value of 44.2 ng/g, in which 4-ring and 5-ring groups were the major components. PAHs concentrations in the cultivated land were significantly higher than other areas, which could reflect significant impact of soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents on the spatial variations of PAHs. Further source identifications through positive matrix factorization model (PMF) revealed that biomass (22.5%), coal (21.4%), gasoline (17.6%) and diesel (16.4%) combustion were dominant sources of soil PAHs in the study area. Moreover, the risk assessment indicated that total ecological and health risk of PAHs were negligible, but individual PAH, including pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene, should be concerned due to their potential risks in several monitored stations located in the secondary protection area of four reservoirs. Our study provided new insights into environmental risks of soils in main water source areas from PAHs and could be helpful for organic micropollutant controlling and drinking water safety in rapidly urbanizing cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Water Authority, Beijing, 100036, People's Republic of China
| | - Sining Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui An
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoqi Ma
- General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, 100120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuming Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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