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Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Vaquero J, Caballero-Diaz D, Grzelak J, Fusté NP, Bertran E, Amengual J, Garcia-Saez J, Martín-Mur B, Gut M, Esteve-Codina A, Alay A, Coulouarn C, Calero-Perez S, Valdecantos P, Valverde AM, Sánchez A, Herrera B, Fabregat I. The hepatocyte epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway regulates the cellular interactome within the liver fibrotic niche. J Pathol 2024; 263:482-495. [PMID: 38872438 DOI: 10.1002/path.6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the consequence of chronic liver injury in the presence of an inflammatory component. Although the main executors of this activation are known, the mechanisms that lead to the inflammatory process that mediates the production of pro-fibrotic factors are not well characterized. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in hepatocytes is essential for the regenerative processes of the liver; however, its potential role in regulating the fibrotic niche is not yet clear. Our group generated a mouse model that expresses an inactive truncated form of the EGFR specifically in hepatocytes (ΔEGFR mice). Here, we have analyzed the response of WT and ΔEGFR mice to chronic treatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), which induces a pro-inflammatory and fibrotic process in the liver. The results indicated that the hallmarks of liver fibrosis were attenuated in CCl4-treated ΔEGFR mice when compared with CCl4-treated WT mice, coinciding with a faster resolution of the fibrotic process and ameliorated damage. The absence of EGFR activity in hepatocytes induced changes in the pattern of immune cells in the liver, with a notable increase in the population of M2 macrophages, more related to fibrosis resolution, as well as in the population of lymphocytes related to eradication of the damage. Transcriptome analysis of hepatocytes, and secretome studies of extracellular media from in vitro experiments, allowed us to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms regulated by EGFR that mediate hepatocyte production of both pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory mediators; these have consequences for the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, as well as for the immune microenvironment. Overall, our study uncovered novel mechanistic insights regarding EGFR kinase-dependent actions in hepatocytes that reveal its key role in chronic liver damage. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Grants
- EHDG1703 CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases
- CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya
- CIVP20A6593 Fundacion Ramon Areces
- PID2019-108651RJ-I00 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- PID2021-122551OB-100 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- PID-2021-122766OB-100 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- RTC2019-007125-1 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- RTI2018-094052-B-100 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- RTI2018-094079-B-100 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- RTI2018-099098-B-100 Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- RYC2021-034121-I Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain
- European Regional Development Fund
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación del Cancer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cancer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Caballero-Diaz
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Grzelak
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noel P Fusté
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Bertran
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Amengual
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Garcia-Saez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Mur
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ania Alay
- Unit of Bioinformatics for Precision Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Preclinical and Experimental Research in Thoracic Tumors (PReTT), Oncobell Program, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cedric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, OSS (Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling) UMR_S 1242, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Silvia Calero-Perez
- Biomedical Research Institute Sols-Morreale, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM); ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Valdecantos
- Biomedical Research Institute Sols-Morreale, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM); ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela M Valverde
- Biomedical Research Institute Sols-Morreale, Spanish National Research Council and Autonomous University of Madrid (IIBM, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM); ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Herrera
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in CIBER in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Lozano T, Chocarro S, Martin C, Lasarte-Cia A, Del Valle C, Gorraiz M, Sarrión P, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Lujambio A, Hervás-Stubbs S, Sarobe P, Casares N, Lasarte JJ. Genetic Modification of CD8 + T Cells to Express EGFR: Potential Application for Adoptive T Cell Therapies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2990. [PMID: 31921216 PMCID: PMC6934060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with ex vivo-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has achieved objective clinical responses in a significant number of patients with cancer. The failure of many patients to develop long-term tumor control may be, in part, due to exhaustion of transferred T cells in the presence of a hostile tumor microenvironment. In several tumor types, growth and survival of carcinoma cells appear to be sustained by a network of receptors/ligands of the ErbB family. We speculated that if transferred T cells could benefit from EGFR ligands produced by the tumor, they might proliferate better and exert their anti-tumor activities more efficiently. We found that CD8+ T cells transduced with a retrovirus to express EGFR responded to EGFR ligands activating the EGFR signaling pathway. These EGFR-expressing effector T cells proliferated better and produced more IFN-γ and TNF-α in the presence of EGFR ligands produced by tumor cells in vitro. EGFR-expressing CD8 T cells from OT-1 mice were more efficient killing B16-OVA cells than control OT-1 CD8 T cells. Importantly, EGFR-expressing OT-1 T cells injected into B16-OVA tumor bearing mice were recruited into the tumor, expressed lower levels of the exhaustion markers PD1, TIGIT, and LAG3, and were more efficient in delaying tumor growth. Our results suggest that genetic modification of CD8+ T cells to express EGFR might be considered in immunotherapeutic strategies based on adoptive transfer of anti-tumor T cells against cancers expressing EGFR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lozano
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Chocarro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celia Martin
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aritz Lasarte-Cia
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Del Valle
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Gorraiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Sarrión
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina Ruiz de Galarreta
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sarobe
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan J Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Gentilini A, Pastore M, Marra F, Raggi C. The Role of Stroma in Cholangiocarcinoma: The Intriguing Interplay between Fibroblastic Component, Immune Cell Subsets and Tumor Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102885. [PMID: 30249019 PMCID: PMC6213545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a severe and mostly intractable adenocarcinoma of biliary epithelial cells. A typical feature of CCA is its highly desmoplastic microenvironment containing fibrogenic connective tissue and an abundance of immune cells (T lymphocytes, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and macrophages) infiltrating tumor epithelium. This strong desmoplasia is orchestrated by various soluble factors and signals, suggesting a critical role in shaping a tumor growth-permissive microenvironment that is responsible for CCA poor clinical outcome. Indeed stroma not only provides an abundance of factors that facilitate CCA initiation, growth and progression, but also a prejudicial impact on therapeutic outcome. This review will give an overview of tumor-stroma signaling in a microenvironment critically regulating CCA development and progression. Identification of CCA secreted factors by both the fibroblast component and immune cell subsets might provide ample opportunities for pharmacological targeting of this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentilini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
| | - Mirella Pastore
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50141, Italy.
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano 20089, Italy.
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4
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Ødegård J, Sondresen JE, Aasrum M, Tveteraas IH, Guren TK, Christoffersen T, Thoresen GH. Differential effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands on receptor binding, downstream signalling pathways and DNA synthesis in hepatocytes. Growth Factors 2017; 35:239-248. [PMID: 29582692 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2018.1453506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are responsive to mitogenic effects of several ligands acting via EGFR. Studying primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, we found that, as compared to EGF, HB-EGF had a markedly higher affinity of the EGFR, while AR and TGFα had lower affinity. HB-EGF was also more potent compared to the other growth factors regarding phosphorylation of EGFR, Shc, ERK1/2 and Akt. All ligands induced phosphorylation of ErbB2, indicating receptor heterodimerization. TGFα, despite having much lower receptor affinity, was about equally potent and efficacious as HB-EGF as a stimulator of DNA synthesis. In contrast, EGF had relatively high affinity but markedly lower efficacy in stimulation of DNA synthesis. The results suggest that amplifying and/or inhibitory mechanisms may modulate the mitogenic responses downstream of the initial signalling steps, and that this may affect the effects of the EGFR ligands differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ødegård
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - J E Sondresen
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - M Aasrum
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - I H Tveteraas
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
- b Department of Pharmacology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - T K Guren
- c Department of Oncology , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - T Christoffersen
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - G H Thoresen
- a Department of Pharmacology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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5
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Komposch K, Sibilia M. EGFR Signaling in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:E30. [PMID: 26729094 PMCID: PMC4730276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by several ligands leading to the activation of diverse signaling pathways controlling mainly proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The EGFR signaling axis has been shown to play a key role during liver regeneration following acute and chronic liver damage, as well as in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) highlighting the importance of the EGFR in the development of liver diseases. Despite the frequent overexpression of EGFR in human HCC, clinical studies with EGFR inhibitors have so far shown only modest results. Interestingly, a recent study has shown that in human HCC and in mouse HCC models the EGFR is upregulated in liver macrophages where it plays a tumor-promoting function. Thus, the role of EGFR in liver diseases appears to be more complex than what anticipated. Further studies are needed to improve the molecular understanding of the cell-specific signaling pathways that control disease development and progression to be able to develop better therapies targeting major components of the EGFR signaling network in selected cell types. In this review, we compiled the current knowledge of EGFR signaling in different models of liver damage and diseases, mainly derived from the analysis of HCC cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Komposch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Riegler T, Nejabat M, Eichner J, Stiebellehner M, Subosits S, Bilban M, Zell A, Huber WW, Schulte-Hermann R, Grasl-Kraupp B. Proinflammatory mesenchymal effects of the non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen phenobarbital: a novel mechanism of antiapoptosis and tumor promotion. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1521-30. [PMID: 26378027 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants and drugs, including steroid hormones, hypolipidemics and antiepileptics, are non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGC) in rodent liver. The mechanism of action and the risk for human health are still insufficiently known. Here, we study the effects of phenobarbital (PB), a widely used model NGC, on hepatic epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and the impact on hepatic apoptosis. Mesenchymal cells (MC) and hepatocytes (HC) were isolated from control and PB-treated rat livers. PB induced extensive changes in gene expression in MC and much less in HC as shown by transcriptomics with oligoarrays. In MC only, transcript levels of numerous proinflammatory cytokines were elevated. Correspondingly, ELISA on the supernatant of MC from PB-treated rats revealed enhanced release of various cytokines. In cultured HC, this supernatant caused (i) nuclear translocation and activation of nuclear factor-κB (shown by immunoblots of nuclear extracts and reporter gene assays), (ii) elevated expression of proinflammatory genes and (iii) protection from the proapoptotic action of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFß1). PB treatment in vivo or in vitro elevated the production and release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from MC, which was identified as mainly responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis in HC. In conclusion, our findings reveal profound proinflammatory effects of PB on hepatic mesenchyme and mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. The resulting release of cytokines acts antiapoptotic in HC, an effect crucial for tumor promotion and carcinogenesis by NGC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johannes Eichner
- Center of Bioinformatics Tübingen (ZBIT), University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany and
| | | | | | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Core Facility Genomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zell
- Center of Bioinformatics Tübingen (ZBIT), University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany and
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7
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Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Vaquero J, Fouassier L, Chignard N. E-cadherin, guardian of liver physiology. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:3-6. [PMID: 25459993 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule involved in epithelial cell behavior, tissue formation and cancer suppression. In the liver, E-cadherin is expressed by hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. However, the exact role of E-cadherin in hepatic pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Recently, specific loss of E-cadherin in liver epithelial cells has been shown to favor periportal fibrosis, periportal inflammation and liver cancer progression, suggesting that E-cadherin is a central liver protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Inserm UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC, université Paris 06, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Inserm UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC, université Paris 06, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Inserm UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC, université Paris 06, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Chignard
- Inserm UMR_S 938, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC, université Paris 06, 75012 Paris, France.
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8
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Superoxide deficiency attenuates promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis by cytotoxicity in NADPH oxidase knockout mice. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1383-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Suzukawa K, Tomlin J, Pak K, Chavez E, Kurabi A, Baird A, Wasserman SI, Ryan AF. A mouse model of otitis media identifies HB-EGF as a mediator of inflammation-induced mucosal proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102739. [PMID: 25033458 PMCID: PMC4102546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Otitis media is one of the most common pediatric infections. While it is usually treated without difficulty, up to 20% of children may progress to long-term complications that include hearing loss, impaired speech and language development, academic underachievement, and irreversible disease. Hyperplasia of middle ear mucosa contributes to the sequelae of acute otitis media and is of important clinical significance. Understanding the role of growth factors in the mediation of mucosal hyperplasia could lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions for this disease and its sequelae. Methods From a whole genome gene array analysis of mRNA expression during acute otitis media, we identified growth factors with expression kinetics temporally related to hyperplasia. We then tested these factors for their ability to stimulate mucosal epithelial growth in vitro, and determined protein levels and histological distribution in vivo for active factors. Results From the gene array, we identified seven candidate growth factors with upregulation of mRNA expression kinetics related to mucosal hyperplasia. Of the seven, only HB-EGF (heparin-binding-epidermal growth factor) induced significant mucosal epithelial hyperplasia in vitro. Subsequent quantification of HB-EGF protein expression in vivo via Western blot analysis confirmed that the protein is highly expressed from 6 hours to 24 hours after bacterial inoculation, while immunohistochemistry revealed production by middle ear epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusion Our data suggest an active role for HB-EGF in the hyperplasia of the middle ear mucosal epithelium during otitis media. These results imply that therapies targeting HB-EGF could ameliorate mucosal growth during otitis media, and thereby reduce detrimental sequelae of this childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Suzukawa
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Tomlin
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kwang Pak
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Chavez
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Arwa Kurabi
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Baird
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen I. Wasserman
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Allen F. Ryan
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Hou CH, Lin FL, Tong KB, Hou SM, Liu JF. Transforming growth factor alpha promotes osteosarcoma metastasis by ICAM-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:453-63. [PMID: 24685520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone and is characterized by a high malignant and metastatic potential. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is classified as the EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like family, which is involved in cancer cellular activities such as proliferation, motility, migration, adhesion and invasion abilities. However, the effect of TGF-α on human osteosarcoma is largely unknown. We found that TGF-α increased the cell migration and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human osteosarcoma cells. Transfection of cells with ICAM-1 siRNA reduced TGF-α-mediated cell migration. We also found that the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/NF-κB pathway was activated after TGF-α treatment, and TGF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 and cell migration was inhibited by the specific inhibitors and siRNAs of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB cascades. In addition, knockdown of TGF-α expression markedly decreased cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that TGF-α/EGFR interaction elicits PI3K and Akt activation, which in turn activates NF-κB, resulting in the expression of ICAM-1 and contributing the migration of human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Biao Tong
- Veterinarian Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mon Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Clapéron A, Mergey M, Aoudjehane L, Ho-Bouldoires THN, Wendum D, Prignon A, Merabtene F, Firrincieli D, Desbois-Mouthon C, Scatton O, Conti F, Housset C, Fouassier L. Hepatic myofibroblasts promote the progression of human cholangiocarcinoma through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Hepatology 2013; 58:2001-11. [PMID: 23787814 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by an abundant desmoplastic environment. Poor prognosis of CCA has been associated with the presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts (MFs) in the stroma and with the sustained activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in tumor cells. Among EGFR ligands, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) has emerged as a paracrine factor that contributes to intercellular communications between MFs and tumor cells in several cancers. This study was designed to test whether hepatic MFs contributed to CCA progression through EGFR signaling. The interplay between CCA cells and hepatic MFs was examined first in vivo, using subcutaneous xenografts into immunocompromised mice. In these experiments, cotransplantation of CCA cells with human liver myofibroblasts (HLMFs) increased tumor incidence, size, and metastatic dissemination of tumors. These effects were abolished by gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical analyses of human CCA tissues showed that stromal MFs expressed HB-EGF, whereas EGFR was detected in cancer cells. In vitro, HLMFs produced HB-EGF and their conditioned media induced EGFR activation and promoted disruption of adherens junctions, migratory and invasive properties in CCA cells. These effects were abolished in the presence of gefitinib or HB-EGF-neutralizing antibody. We also showed that CCA cells produced transforming growth factor beta 1, which, in turn, induced HB-EGF expression in HLMFs. CONCLUSION A reciprocal cross-talk between CCA cells and myofibroblasts through the HB-EGF/EGFR axis contributes to CCA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Clapéron
- Inserm, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; UPMC, Univ Paris 06, UMRS 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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12
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Klepeisz P, Sagmeister S, Haudek-Prinz V, Pichlbauer M, Grasl-Kraupp B, Gerner C. Phenobarbital induces alterations in the proteome of hepatocytes and mesenchymal cells of rat livers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76137. [PMID: 24204595 PMCID: PMC3812042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preceding studies on the mode of action of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGCs) have concentrated on alterations induced in hepatocytes (HCs). A potential role of non-parenchymal liver cells (NPCs) in NGC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis has been largely neglected so far. The aim of this study is to characterize NGC-induced alterations in the proteome profiles of HCs as well as NPCs. We chose the prototypic NGC phenobarbital (PB) which was applied to male rats for a period of 14 days. The livers of PB-treated rats were perfused by collagenase and the cell suspensions obtained were subjected to density gradient centrifugation to separate HCs from NPCs. In addition, HCs and NPC isolated from untreated animals were treated with PB in vitro. Proteome profiling was done by CHIP-HPLC and ion trap mass spectrometry. Proteome analyses of the in vivo experiments showed many of the PB effects previously described in HCs by other methods, e.g. induction of phase I and phase II drug metabolising enzymes. In NPCs proteins related to inflammation and immune regulation such as PAI-1 and S100-A10, ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1 and to cell migration such as kinesin-1 heavy chain, myosin regulatory light chain RLC-A and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 1 were found to be induced, indicating major PB effects on these cells. Remarkably, in vitro treatment of HCs and NPCs with PB hardly reproduced the proteome alterations observed in vivo, indicating differences of NGC induced responses of cells at culture conditions compared to the intact organism. To conclude, the present study clearly demonstrated that PB induces proteome alterations not only in HCs but also in NPCs. Thus, any profound molecular understanding on the mode of action of NGCs has to consider effects on cells of the hepatic mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Klepeisz
- Department of Inner Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Sagmeister
- Department of Inner Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Haudek-Prinz
- Department of Inner Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Pichlbauer
- Department of Inner Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Department of Inner Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Inner Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wright JH, Johnson MM, Shimizu-Albergine M, Bauer RL, Hayes BJ, Surapisitchat J, Hudkins KL, Riehle KJ, Johnson SC, Yeh MM, Bammler TK, Beyer RP, Gilbertson DG, Alpers CE, Fausto N, Campbell JS. Paracrine activation of hepatic stellate cells in platelet-derived growth factor C transgenic mice: evidence for stromal induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:778-88. [PMID: 23929039 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the primary risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the mechanisms by which cirrhosis predisposes to carcinogenesis are poorly understood. Using a mouse model that recapitulates many aspects of the pathophysiology of human liver disease, we explored the mechanisms by which changes in the liver microenvironment induce dysplasia and HCC. Hepatic expression of platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) induces progressive fibrosis, chronic inflammation, neoangiogenesis and sinusoidal congestion, as well as global changes in gene expression. Using reporter mice, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and liver cell isolation, we demonstrate that receptors for PDGF-CC are localized on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which proliferate, and transform into myofibroblast-like cells that deposit extracellular matrix and lead to production of growth factors and cytokines. We demonstrate induction of cytokine genes at 2 months, and stromal cell-derived hepatocyte growth factors that coincide with the onset of dysplasia at 4 months. Our results support a paracrine signaling model wherein hepatocyte-derived PDGF-C stimulates widespread HSC activation throughout the liver leading to chronic inflammation, liver injury and architectural changes. These complex changes to the liver microenvironment precede the development of HCC. Further, increased PDGF-CC levels were observed in livers of patients with nonalcoholic fatty steatohepatitis and correlate with the stage of disease, suggesting a role for this growth factor in chronic liver disease in humans. PDGF-C transgenic mice provide a unique model for the in vivo study of tumor-stromal interactions in the liver.
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14
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Böhm T, Berger H, Nejabat M, Riegler T, Kellner F, Kuttke M, Sagmeister S, Bazanella M, Stolze K, Daryabeigi A, Bintner N, Murkovic M, Wagner KH, Schulte-Hermann R, Rohr-Udilova N, Huber W, Grasl-Kraupp B. Food-derived peroxidized fatty acids may trigger hepatic inflammation: a novel hypothesis to explain steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2013; 59:563-70. [PMID: 23665282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity and hepatic steatosis are frequently associated with the development of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanisms driving progression of a non-inflamed steatosis to NASH are largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether ingestion of peroxidized lipids, as being present in Western style diet, triggers the development of hepatic inflammation. METHODS Corn oil containing peroxidized fatty acids was administered to rats by gavage for 6 days. In a separate approach, hepatocytes (HC), endothelial (EC) and Kupffer cells (KC) were isolated from untreated livers, cultured, and incubated with peroxidized linoleic acid (LOOH; linoleic acid (LH) being the main fatty acid in corn oil). Samples obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies were mainly investigated by qRT-PCR and biochemical determinations of lipid peroxidation products. RESULTS Rat treatment with peroxidized corn oil resulted in increased hepatic lipid peroxidation, upregulation of nitric oxide synthetase-2 (NOS-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), elevation of total nitric oxides, and increase in cd68-, cd163-, TNFα-, and/or COX-2 positive immune cells in the liver. When investigating liver cell types, LOOH elevated the secretion of TNFα, p38MAPK phosphorylation, and mRNA levels of NOS-2, COX-2, and TNFα, mainly in KC. The elevation of gene expression could be abrogated by inhibiting p38MAPK, which indicates that p38MAPK activation is involved in the pro-inflammatory effects of LOOH. CONCLUSIONS These data show for the first time that ingestion of peroxidized fatty acids carries a considerable pro-inflammatory stimulus into the body which reaches the liver and may trigger the development of hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Böhm
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Inoue K, Torimura T, Nakamura T, Iwamoto H, Masuda H, Abe M, Hashimoto O, Koga H, Ueno T, Yano H, Sata M. Vandetanib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptor-2 and EGF receptor, suppresses tumor development and improves prognosis of liver cancer in mice. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3924-33. [PMID: 22611027 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE VEGF, EGF, and TGF-α are expressed in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and play a role in its growth. Vandetanib, a multikinase inhibitor, suppresses the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and EGF receptor (EGFR). The aim of this study was to clarify the antitumor effect of vandetanib in mouse HCCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the effects of vandetanib on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and three hepatoma cell lines, as well as the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and EGFR in these cells. Mice were implanted with hepatoma cells subcutaneously or orthotopically in the liver and treated with 50 or 75 mg/kg vandetanib. We analyzed the effects of treatment on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, vessel density, phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and EGFR, and production of VEGF, TGF-α, and EGF in tumor tissues. Adverse events on vandetanib administration were also investigated. RESULTS Vandetanib suppressed phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in HUVECs and EGFR in hepatoma cells and inhibited cell proliferation. In tumor-bearing mice, vandetanib suppressed phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and EGFR in tumor tissues, significantly reduced tumor vessel density, enhanced tumor cell apoptosis, suppressed tumor growth, improved survival, reduced number of intrahepatic metastases, and upregulated VEGF, TGF-α, and EGF in tumor tissues. Treatment with vandetanib was not associated with serious adverse events, including alanine aminotransferase abnormality, bone marrow suppression, or body weight loss. CONCLUSIONS The antitumor effects of vandetanib in mice suggest that it is a potentially suitable and safe chemotherapeutic agent for HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Rohr-Udilova N, Sieghart W, Eferl R, Stoiber D, Björkhem-Bergman L, Eriksson LC, Stolze K, Hayden H, Keppler B, Sagmeister S, Grasl-Kraupp B, Schulte-Hermann R, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Antagonistic effects of selenium and lipid peroxides on growth control in early hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2012; 55:1112-21. [PMID: 22105228 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor as well as increased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-8 predict poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Moreover, HCC patients display reduced selenium levels, which may cause lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress because selenium is an essential component of antioxidative glutathione peroxidases (GPx). We hypothesized that selenium-lipid peroxide antagonism controls the above prognostic markers and tumor growth. (1) In human HCC cell lines (HCC-1.2, HCC-3, and SNU398) linoleic acid peroxide (LOOH) and other prooxidants enhanced the expression of VEGF and IL-8. LOOH up-regulated AP-1 activation. Selenium inhibited these effects. This inhibition was mediated by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which preferentially degrades lipid peroxides. Selenium enhanced GPx4 expression and total GPx activity, while knock-down of GPx4 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased VEGF, and IL-8 expression. (2) These results were confirmed in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. Selenium treatment during tumor promotion increased hepatic GPx4 expression and reduced the expression of VEGF and of the AP-1 component c-fos as well as nodule growth. (3) In HCC patients, increased levels of LOOH-related antibodies (LOOH-Ab) were found, suggesting enhanced LOOH formation. LOOH-Ab correlated with serum VEGF and IL-8 and with AP-1 activation in HCC tissue. In contrast, selenium inversely correlated with VEGF, IL-8, and HCC size (the latter only for tumors smaller than 3 cm). CONCLUSION Reduced selenium levels result in accumulation of lipid peroxides. This leads to enhanced AP-1 activation and consequently to elevated expression of VEGF and IL-8, which accelerate the growth of HCC. Selenium supplementation could be considered for investigation as a strategy for chemoprevention or additional therapy of early HCC in patients with low selenium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Kuo PL, Huang MS, Cheng DE, Hung JY, Yang CJ, Chou SH. Lung cancer-derived galectin-1 enhances tumorigenic potentiation of tumor-associated dendritic cells by expressing heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9753-9764. [PMID: 22291012 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.321190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment is a vicious cycle that enhances the survival and progression of cancer, resulting in metastasis. This study is the first to indicate that lung cancer-derived galectin-1 secretion is responsible for stimulating tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) production of mature heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which, in turn, increases cancer progression. Treatment of galectin-1, present in large amounts in lung cancer conditioned medium and lung cancer patient sera, mimicked the inductive effect of lung cancer conditioned medium on the expression and ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF by TNFα-converting enzyme/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) and ADAM17. Significant up-regulation of HB-EGF has been seen in tumor-infiltrating CD11c(+) dendritic cells in human lung cancer samples. Active cleavage of HB-EGF in TADCs by ADAM9 and ADAM17 is associated with increased protein kinase C δ and Lyn signaling. Enhancement of HB-EGF production in TADCs increased the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition abilities of lung cancer. In contrast, inhibiting HB-EGF by siRNA suppressed TADC-mediated cancer progression. Moreover, mice injected with galectin-1 knockdown Lewis lung carcinoma showed decreased expression and ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF and reduced incidence of cancer development, resulting in increased survival rates. We demonstrate here for the first time that human and mouse DCs are a source of HB-EGF, an EGFR ligand with tumorigenic properties. Antagonists of the effect of lung cancer-derived galectin-1 on DCs and anti-HB-EGF blocking antibodies could, therefore, have therapeutic potential as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Da-En Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, and
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, and
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, and
| | - Shah-Hwa Chou
- Department of Chest Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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18
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Losert A, Lötsch D, Lackner A, Koppensteiner H, Peter-Vörösmarty B, Steiner E, Holzmann K, Grunt T, Schmid K, Marian B, Grasl-Kraupp B, Schulte-Hermann R, Krupitza G, Berger W, Grusch M. The major vault protein mediates resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 319:164-172. [PMID: 22261339 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the response of HCC to EGFR inhibition, we analyzed factors connected to the resistance of HCC cells against gefitinib. Sensitive HCC3 cells co-expressed EGFR and ErbB3 but lacked kinase-domain mutations in EGFR. Interestingly, expression of MVP was restricted to resistant cell lines, whereas ABCB1 and ABCC1 showed no association with gefitinib resistance. Moreover, ectopic MVP expression in HCC3 cells decreased gefitinib sensitivity, increased AKT phosphorylation and reduced the expression of inflammatory pathway-associated genes, whereas silencing of MVP in Hep3B and HepG2 cells increased sensitivity. These findings suggest MVP as a novel player in resistance against EGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Losert
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lötsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lackner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig Koppensteiner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter-Vörösmarty
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Steiner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Grunt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Schmid
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Schulte-Hermann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Gauglhofer C, Sagmeister S, Schrottmaier W, Fischer C, Rodgarkia-Dara C, Mohr T, Stättner S, Bichler C, Kandioler D, Wrba F, Schulte-Hermann R, Holzmann K, Grusch M, Marian B, Berger W, Grasl-Kraupp B. Up-regulation of the fibroblast growth factor 8 subfamily in human hepatocellular carcinoma for cell survival and neoangiogenesis. Hepatology 2011; 53:854-64. [PMID: 21319186 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their high-affinity receptors [fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs)] contribute to autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation in several non-liver cancer entities. Here we report that at least one member of the FGF8 subfamily (FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18) was up-regulated in 59% of 34 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples that we investigated. The levels of the corresponding receptors (FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4) were also elevated in the great majority of the HCC cases. Overall, 82% of the HCC cases showed overexpression of at least one FGF and/or FGFR. The functional implications of the deregulated FGF/FGFR system were investigated by the simulation of an insufficient blood supply. When HCC-1.2, HepG2, or Hep3B cells were subjected to serum withdrawal or the hypoxia-mimetic drug deferoxamine mesylate, the expression of FGF8 subfamily members increased dramatically. In the serum-starved cells, the incidence of apoptosis was elevated, whereas the addition of FGF8, FGF17, or FGF18 impaired apoptosis, which was associated with phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and ribosomal protein S6. In contrast, down-modulation of FGF18 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the viability of the hepatocarcinoma cells. siRNA targeting FGF18 also impaired the cells' potential to form clones at a low cell density or in soft agar. With respect to the tumor microenvironment, FGF17 and FGF18 stimulated the growth of HCC-derived myofibroblasts, and FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 induced the proliferation and tube formation of hepatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSION FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 are involved in autocrine and paracrine signaling in HCC and enhance the survival of tumor cells under stress conditions, malignant behavior, and neoangiogenesis. Thus, the FGF8 subfamily supports the development and progression of hepatocellular malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gauglhofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Meng Z, Fu X, Chen X, Zeng S, Tian Y, Jove R, Xu R, Huang W. miR-194 is a marker of hepatic epithelial cells and suppresses metastasis of liver cancer cells in mice. Hepatology 2010; 52:2148-57. [PMID: 20979124 PMCID: PMC3076553 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of multiple mRNAs. Recent studies have linked miRNAs to the development of cancer metastasis. In this study, we show that miR-194 is specifically expressed in the human gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Moreover, miR-194 is highly expressed in hepatic epithelial cells, but not in Kupffer cells or hepatic stellate cells, two types of mesenchymal cells in the liver. miR-194 expression was decreased in hepatocytes cultured in vitro, which had undergone a dedifferentiation process. Furthermore, expression of miR-194 was low in liver mesenchymal-like cancer cell lines. The overexpression of miR-194 in liver mesenchymal-like cancer cells reduced the expression of the mesenchymal cell marker N-cadherin and suppressed invasion and migration of the mesenchymal-like cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrated that miR-194 targeted the 3'-UTRs of several genes that were involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. CONCLUSION These results support a role of miR-194, which is specifically expressed in liver parenchymal cells, in preventing liver cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Division of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Division of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Samuel Zeng
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Program, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Richard Jove
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Rongzhen Xu
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Division of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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21
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Berasain C, Perugorria MJ, Latasa MU, Castillo J, Goñi S, Santamaría M, Prieto J, Avila MA. The epidermal growth factor receptor: a link between inflammation and liver cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:713-25. [PMID: 19429859 DOI: 10.3181/0901-mr-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established that many tumours occur in association with persistent inflammation. One clear example of inflammation-related cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC slowly unfolds on a background of chronic inflammation triggered by exposure to infectious agents (hepatotropic viruses), toxic compounds (ethanol), or metabolic impairment. The molecular links that connect inflammation and cancer are not completely known, but evidence gathered over the past few years is beginning to define the precise mechanisms. A central role for cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1 (alpha and beta) in liver cancer has been established in experimental models. Besides these inflammatory mediators, mounting evidence points to the dysregulation of specific growth and survival-related pathways in HCC development. Among them is the pathway governed by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which can be bound and activated by a broad family of ligands. Of special relevance is the fact that the EGFR engages in extensive crosstalk with other signaling pathways, serving as a "signaling hub" for an increasing list of growth factors, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidences supporting a role for the EGFR system in inflammation-related cell signaling, with special emphasis in liver inflammation and HCC. The molecular dissection of the pathways connecting the inflammatory reaction and neoplasia will facilitate the development of novel and more effective antitumor strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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