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Capece GE, Luyendyk JP, Poole LG. Fibrinolysis-Mediated Pathways in Acute Liver Injury. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:638-647. [PMID: 38395065 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver injury (ALI), that is, the development of reduced liver function in patients without preexisting liver disease, can result from a wide range of causes, such as viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disease, or adverse reaction to prescription and over-the-counter medications. ALI patients present with a complex coagulopathy, characterized by both hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable features. Similarly, ALI patients display a profound dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system with the vast majority of patients presenting with a hypofibrinolytic phenotype. Decades of research in experimental acute liver injury in mice suggest that fibrinolytic proteins, including plasmin(ogen), plasminogen activators, fibrinolysis inhibitors, and fibrin(ogen), can contribute to initial hepatotoxicity and/or stimulate liver repair. This review summarizes major experimental findings regarding the role of fibrinolytic factors in ALI from the last approximately 30 years and identifies unanswered questions, as well as highlighting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina E Capece
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
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2
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Wei Z, Groeneveld DJ, Adelmeijer J, Poole LG, Cline H, Kern AE, Langer B, Brunnthaler L, Assinger A, Starlinger P, Lisman T, Luyendyk JP. Coagulation factor XIII is a critical driver of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:620-632. [PMID: 38007060 PMCID: PMC10922479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of coagulation and fibrin deposition in the regenerating liver appears to promote adequate liver regeneration in mice. In humans, perioperative hepatic fibrin deposition is reduced in patients who develop liver dysfunction after partial hepatectomy (PHx), but the mechanism underlying reduced fibrin deposition in these patients is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Hepatic deposition of cross-linked (ie, stabilized) fibrin was evident in livers of mice after two-thirds PHx. Interestingly, hepatic fibrin cross-linking was dramatically reduced in mice after 90% PHx, an experimental setting of failed liver regeneration, despite similar activation of coagulation after two-thirds or 90% PHx. Likewise, intraoperative activation of coagulation was not reduced in patients who developed liver dysfunction after PHx. Preoperative fibrinogen plasma concentration was not connected to liver dysfunction after PHx in patients. Rather, preoperative and postoperative plasma activity of the transglutaminase coagulation factor (F)XIII, which cross-links fibrin, was lower in patients who developed liver dysfunction than in those who did not. PHx-induced hepatic fibrin cross-linking and hepatic platelet accumulation were significantly reduced in mice lacking the catalytic subunit of FXIII (FXIII-/- mice) after two-thirds PHx. This was coupled with a reduction in both hepatocyte proliferation and liver-to-body weight ratio as well as an apparent reduction in survival after two-thirds PHx in FXIII-/- mice. CONCLUSION The results indicate that FXIII is a critical driver of liver regeneration after PHx and suggest that perioperative plasma FXIII activity may predict posthepatectomy liver dysfunction. The results may inform strategies to stabilize proregenerative fibrin during liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wei
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. http://www.twitter.com/wei_zimu
| | - Dafna J Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jelle Adelmeijer
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly Cline
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Anna E Kern
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Langer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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3
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Tutusaus A, Morales A, García de Frutos P, Marí M. GAS6/TAM Axis as Therapeutic Target in Liver Diseases. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:99-114. [PMID: 38395061 PMCID: PMC11027478 DOI: 10.1055/a-2275-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK) protein tyrosine kinase membrane receptors and their vitamin K-dependent ligands GAS6 and protein S (PROS) are well-known players in tumor biology and autoimmune diseases. In contrast, TAM regulation of fibrogenesis and the inflammation mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis, and, ultimately, liver cancer has recently been revealed. GAS6 and PROS binding to phosphatidylserine exposed in outer membranes of apoptotic cells links TAMs, particularly MERTK, with hepatocellular damage. In addition, AXL and MERTK regulate the development of liver fibrosis and inflammation in chronic liver diseases. Acute hepatic injury is also mediated by the TAM system, as recent data regarding acetaminophen toxicity and acute-on-chronic liver failure have uncovered. Soluble TAM-related proteins, mainly released from activated macrophages and hepatic stellate cells after hepatic deterioration, are proposed as early serum markers for disease progression. In conclusion, the TAM system is becoming an interesting pharmacological target in liver pathology and a focus of future biomedical research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tutusaus
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo García de Frutos
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Barcelona, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Moore HB, LaRiviere W, Rodriguez I, Brown K, Hadley K, Pomposelli JJ, Adams MA, Wachs ME, Conzen KD, Kennealey PT, Kaplan B, Pomfret EA, Nydam TL. Early predictors of prolonged intensive care utilization following liver transplantation. Am J Surg 2023; 226:829-834. [PMID: 37604748 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Creatinine, bilirubin, and fibrinolysis resistance are associated with multi-organ dysfunction and likely risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit (pICU) stay following liver transplantation (LT). We hypothesize postoperative day-1 (POD-1) labs will predict pICU. METHODS LT recipients had clinical laboratories and viscoelastic testing with tissue plasminogen activator thrombelastography (tPA TEG) to quantify fibrinolysis resistance (LY30) on POD-1. pICU was defined as one week or longer in the ICU. Logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between POD-1 labs and pICU. RESULTS Of 304 patients, 50% went to the ICU, with 15% experiencing pICU. Elevated creatinine (OR 6.6, P < 0.001) and low tPA TEG LY30 (OR 3.7, P = 0.004) were independent predictors of pICU after controlling for other risk factors. A 9-fold increase in the rate of 90-day graft loss (19% vs 2% p < 0.001) was observed patients who had these risk factors for pICU. CONCLUSION Elevated creatine and fibrinolysis resistance are associated with pICU and poor outcomes following LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter B Moore
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA.
| | - Wells LaRiviere
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA
| | - Ivan Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Kristen Brown
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Kyndall Hadley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - James J Pomposelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Megan A Adams
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Michael E Wachs
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Kendra D Conzen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Peter T Kennealey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Bruce Kaplan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Pomfret
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Trevor L Nydam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Colorado, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
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Li W, Yang Y, Yang L, Chang N, Li L. Monocyte-derived Kupffer cells dominate in the Kupffer cell pool during liver injury. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113164. [PMID: 37740916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy Kupffer cell (KC) pool is dominated by embryonic KCs (EmKCs), preserving liver homeostasis. How the KC pool varies upon injury remains unclear. Using chimeric mice with bone marrow (BM) cells labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein, we identify that BM monocyte-derived KCs (MoKCs) become dominant in cholestatic- or toxic-injured livers via immunofluorescence and mass cytometry. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) unveils the enhanced proliferative, anti-apoptotic properties and repair potential of MoKCs compared with EmKCs, which are confirmed in vivo and ex vivo through flow cytometry, qPCR, Cell Counting Kit-8, and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, compared with EmKC-dominated livers, MoKC-dominated livers exhibit less functional damage, necrosis, and fibrosis under damage, as tested by serum alanine aminotransferase activity detection, H&E and Sirius red staining, qPCR, and western blot. Collectively, we highlight that MoKCs dominate the KC pool in injured livers and show enhanced proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties while also promoting repair and attenuating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuanru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Ding Y, Koda Y, Shashni B, Takeda N, Zhang X, Tanaka N, Nishikawa Y, Nagasaki Y. An orally deliverable ornithine-based self-assembling polymer nanomedicine ameliorates hyperammonemia in acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:515-528. [PMID: 37433359 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
l-Ornithine (Orn) is a core amino acid responsible for ammonia detoxification in the body via the hepatic urea cycle. Clinical studies in Orn therapy have focused on interventions for hyperammonemia-associated diseases, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a life-threatening neurological symptom affecting more than 80% of patients with liver cirrhosis. However, its low molecular weight (LMW) causes Orn to diffuse nonspecifically and be rapidly eliminated from the body after oral administration, resulting in unfavorable therapeutic efficacy. Hence, Orn is constantly supplied by intravenous infusion in many clinical settings; however, this treatment inevitably decreases patient compliance and limits its application in long-term management. To improve the performance of Orn, we designed self-assembling polyOrn-based nanoparticles for oral administration through ring-opening polymerization of Orn-N-carboxy anhydride initiated with amino-ended poly(ethylene glycol), followed by acylation of free amino groups in the main chain of the polyOrn segment. The obtained amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polyOrn(acyl) (PEG-block-POrn(acyl)), enabled the formation of stable nanoparticles (NanoOrn(acyl)) in aqueous media. We employed the isobutyryl (iBu) group for acyl derivatization in this study (NanoOrn(iBu)). In the healthy mice, daily oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) for one week did not induce any abnormalities. In the mice exhibiting acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury, oral pretreatment with NanoOrn(iBu) effectively reduced systemic ammonia and transaminases levels compared to the LMW Orn and untreated groups. The results suggest that the application of NanoOrn(iBu) is of significant clinical value with the feasibility of oral delivery and improvement in APAP-induced hepatic pathogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liver injury is often accompanied by hyperammonemia, a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated blood ammonia levels. Current clinical treatments for reducing ammonia typically entail the invasive approach of intravenous infusion, involving the administration of l-ornithine (Orn) or a combination of Orn and L-aspartate. This method is employed due to the poor pharmacokinetics associated with these compounds. In our pursuit of enhancing therapy, we have developed an orally administrable nanomedicine based on Orn-based self-assembling nanoparticle (NanoOrn(iBu)), which provides sustained Orn supply to the injured liver. Oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) to healthy mice did not cause any toxic effects. In a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, oral administration of NanoOrn(iBu) surpassed Orn in reducing systemic ammonia levels and liver damage, thereby establishing NanoOrn(iBu) as a safe and effective therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuta Koda
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Babita Shashni
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Naoki Takeda
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Global Medical Research Promotion, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1 Chome-1-1, Midorigaoka Higashi 2 Jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Radiation, Isotope and Earth System Sciences (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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7
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Groeneveld DJ, Poole LG, Bouck EG, Schulte A, Wei Z, Williams KJ, Watson VE, Lisman T, Wolberg AS, Luyendyk JP. Robust coagulation activation and coagulopathy in mice with experimental acetaminophen-induced liver failure. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2430-2440. [PMID: 37054919 PMCID: PMC10524846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) display both hyper- and hypocoagulable changes not necessarily recapitulated by standard hepatotoxic doses of APAP used in mice (eg, 300 mg/kg). OBJECTIVES We sought to examine coagulation activation in vivo and plasma coagulation potential ex vivo in experimental settings of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and repair (300-450 mg/kg) and APAP-induced ALF (600 mg/kg) in mice. RESULTS APAP-induced ALF was associated with increased plasma thrombin-antithrombin complexes, decreased plasma prothrombin, and a dramatic reduction in plasma fibrinogen compared with lower APAP doses. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposits increased independent of APAP dose, whereas plasma fibrin(ogen) degradation products markedly increased in mice with experimental ALF. Early pharmacologic anticoagulation (+2 hours after 600 mg/kg APAP) limited coagulation activation and reduced hepatic necrosis. The marked coagulation activation evident in mice with APAP-induced ALF was associated with a coagulopathy detectable ex vivo in plasma. Specifically, prolongation of the prothrombin time and inhibition of tissue factor-initiated clot formation were evident even after restoration of physiological fibrinogen concentrations. Plasma endogenous thrombin potential was similarly reduced at all APAP doses. Interestingly, in the presence of ample fibrinogen, ∼10 times more thrombin was required to clot plasma from mice with APAP-induced ALF compared with plasma from mice with simple hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that robust pathologic coagulation cascade activation in vivo and suppressed coagulation ex vivo are evident in mice with APAP-induced ALF. This unique experimental setting may fill an unmet need as a model to uncover mechanistic aspects of the complex coagulopathy of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna J Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Emma G Bouck
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Schulte
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zimu Wei
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kurt J Williams
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Victoria E Watson
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ton Lisman
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation and Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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8
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Poole LG, Schmitt LR, Schulte A, Groeneveld DJ, Cline HM, Sang Y, Hur WS, Wolberg AS, Flick MJ, Hansen KC, Luyendyk JP. Altered fibrinogen γ-chain cross-linking in mutant fibrinogen-γ Δ5 mice drives acute liver injury. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2175-2188. [PMID: 37062522 PMCID: PMC10524487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic deposition of cross-linked fibrin(ogen) occurs alongside platelet accumulation as a hallmark of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. OBJECTIVES We sought to define the precise role of the fibrinogen γ-chain C-terminal integrin αIIbβ3 binding domain in APAP-induced liver injury. METHODS Mice expressing mutant fibrinogen incapable of engaging integrin αIIbβ3 due to a C-terminal fibrinogen γ-chain truncation (mutant fibrinogen-γΔ5 [FibγΔ5] mice) and wild-type mice were challenged with APAP (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). RESULTS We observed an altered pattern of fibrin(ogen) deposition in the livers of APAP-challenged FibγΔ5 mice. This led to the unexpected discovery that fibrinogen γ-chain cross-linking was altered in the livers of APAP-challenged FibγΔ5 mice compared with that in wild-type mice, including absence of γ-γ dimer and accumulation of larger molecular weight cross-linked γ-chain complexes. This finding was not unique to the injured liver because activation of coagulation did not produce γ-γ dimer in plasma from FibγΔ5 mice or purified FibγΔ5 fibrinogen. Sanger sequencing predicted that the fibrinogen-γΔ5 γ-polypeptide would terminate at lysine residue 406, but liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that this critical lysine residue was absent in purified fibrinogen-γΔ5 protein. Interestingly, hepatic deposition of this uniquely aberrantly cross-linked fibrin(ogen) in FibγΔ5 mice was associated with exacerbated hepatic injury, an effect not recapitulated by pharmacologic inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3. CONCLUSION The results indicate that fibrinogen-γΔ5 lacks critical residues essential to form γ-γ dimer in response to thrombin and suggest that hepatic accumulation of abnormally cross-linked fibrin(ogen) can exacerbate hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. https://twitter.com/PoolePAR_ty
| | - Lauren R Schmitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony Schulte
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Dafna J Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly M Cline
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaqiu Sang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Woosuk S Hur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang N, Yu S, Zhong Y, Zhao K. Leukadherin-1 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome by blocking inflammasome assembly. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110024. [PMID: 36958209 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the occurrence and development of many inflammatory diseases, and thus potent inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome should be explored. An antitumor agent, Leukadherin-1 (LA-1), tested in phase 1/2 clinical trials, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory properties by blocking the NF-κB pathway. However, the effects of LA-1 on the NLRP3 inflammasome have not been conclusively determined. In this study, we found that at lower doses (below 1 μM) ex vivo, LA-1 blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation without affecting NF-κB signaling. Accordingly, 1 mg/Kg LA-1 strongly inhibited the release of NLRP3-dependent cytokine, but only slightly inhibited NLRP3-independent-cytokines secretion in endotoxemia and alleviated NLRP3-dependent peritonitis in vivo. Mechanistically, LA-1 had no effects on ion flux or mitochondrial injury. Instead, it inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by suppressing ASC oligomerization, blocking NLRP3 self-assembly, and reducing interactions of NLRP3 with ASC and NEK7. Therefore, LA-1 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, implying that it is a potential treatment option for NLRP3-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yening Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ningjie Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - YanJun Zhong
- Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Liu R, Xu W, Zhu H, Dong Z, Dong H, Yin S. Aging aggravates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury and inflammation through inordinate C/EBPα-BMP9 crosstalk. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:61. [PMID: 36945064 PMCID: PMC10029235 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is almost exclusively produced in the liver and reaches tissues throughout the body as a secreted protein. However, the mechanism of BMP9 action and its role in aging-associated liver injury and inflammation are still unclear. RESULTS Aging significantly aggravates acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). Increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and BMP9 was identified in aged livers and in hepatocytes and macrophages (MФs) isolated from aged mice. Further analysis revealed that excess BMP9 was directly related to APAP-induced hepatocyte injury and death, as evidenced by activated drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 1/5/9 (SMAD1/5/9) signaling, an increased dead cell/total cell ratio, decreased levels of ATG3 and ATG7, blocked autophagy, increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, and a higher rate of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) acquisition. In contrast, Bmp9 knockout (Bmp9-/-) partially alleviated the aforementioned manifestations of BMP9 overexpression. Moreover, BMP9 expression was found to be regulated by C/EBPα in vitro and in vivo. Notably, BMP9 also downregulated autophagy through its effect on autophagy-related genes (ATG3 and ATG7) in MΦs, which was associated with aggravated liver injury and SASP acquisition. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the present study highlights the crucial roles played by C/EBPα-BMP9 crosstalk and provides insights into the interrelationship between hepatocytes and MΦs during acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Dong
- Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huke Dong
- Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Dobson DA, Holle LA, Lin FC, Huffman JE, Luyendyk JP, Flick MJ, Smith NL, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Wolberg AS. Novel genetic regulators of fibrinogen synthesis identified by an in vitro experimental platform. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:522-533. [PMID: 36696182 PMCID: PMC10111212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen has an established, essential role in both coagulation and inflammatory pathways, and these processes are deeply intertwined in the development of thrombotic and atherosclerotic diseases. Previous studies aimed to better understand the (patho) physiological actions of fibrinogen by characterizing the genomic contribution to circulating fibrinogen levels. OBJECTIVES Establish an in vitro approach to define functional roles between genes within these loci and fibrinogen synthesis. METHODS Candidate genes were selected on the basis of their proximity to genetic variants associated with fibrinogen levels and expression in hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting candidate genes and cultured in the absence or presence of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Effects on fibrinogen protein production, gene expression, and cell growth were assessed by immunoblotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and cell counts, respectively. RESULTS HepG2 cells secreted fibrinogen, and stimulation with interleukin-6 increased fibrinogen production by 3.4 ± 1.2 fold. In the absence of interleukin-6, small interfering RNA knockdown of FGA, IL6R, or EEPD1 decreased fibrinogen production, and knockdown of LEPR, PDIA5, PLEC, SHANK3, or CPS1 increased production. In the presence of interleukin-6, knockdown of FGA, IL6R, or ATXN2L decreased fibrinogen production. Knockdown of FGA, IL6R, EEPD1, LEPR, PDIA5, PLEC, or CPS1 altered transcription of one or more fibrinogen genes. Knocking down ATXN2L suppressed inducible but not basal fibrinogen production via a post-transcriptional mechanism. CONCLUSIONS We established an in vitro platform to define the impact of select gene products on fibrinogen production. Genes identified in our screen may reveal cellular mechanisms that drive fibrinogen production as well as fibrin(ogen)-mediated (patho)physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dre'Von A Dobson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lori A Holle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle WA, USA; Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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Ran L, Feng J, Qi X, Liu T, Qi B, Jiang K, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Zhou Q, Xie L. Effect of TRPM8 Functional Loss on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:19. [PMID: 36692471 PMCID: PMC9896868 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To reveal the role of cold-sensing transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels in corneal epithelial wound healing. Methods Cold sensitivity, tear production, corneal thickness, and corneal opacity assessments were used to evaluate the effect of Trpm8 knockout on the ocular surface. A corneal epithelial wounding model was generated by scraping the corneal epithelium once or multiple times using C57BL/6J (wild-type [WT]) and Trpm8-/- mice. The processes of corneal epithelial repair and corneal epitheliopathy were observed and recorded. Corneas were collected for sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and quantitative PCR. Results The perception of coldness, basal tear secretion, and corneal thickness were decreased in young Trpm8-/- mice compared with those in WT mice, except for the corneal sensitivity. Corneal opacity and increased corneal thickness were observed in aged Trpm8-/- mice. TRPM8 deficiency promoted corneal epithelial wound closure, consistent with the observed increase in Ki67-positive epithelial cells, and the pharmacological activation of TRPM8 in WT mice delayed corneal re-epithelization. After subjecting mice to multiple injuries, squamous metaplasia emerged in Trpm8-/- corneas, as verified by cytokeratin-1 and small proline-rich protein 1B-positive staining. The IFN-β and IFN-γ signaling pathways were significantly activated in Trpm8-/- mice, which was confirmed based on the up-regulated expression of the key mediators, signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 and phosphor-signal transducer and activator of transcription-1, as well as the induction of IFN-stimulated genes, compared with levels in WT mice. Conclusions In corneal wound healing, the loss of TRPM8 function could promote epithelial repair, but predispose the cornea to epithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ran
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Qi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Benxiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
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Luo G, Huang L, Zhang Z. The molecular mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential therapeutic targets. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:412-424. [PMID: 36670547 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221147563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug in clinics, is relatively safe at therapeutic doses; however, APAP overdose may lead to fatal acute liver injury. Currently, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is clinically used as the main antidote for APAP poisoning, but its therapeutic effect remains limited owing to rapid disease progression and the general diagnosis of advanced poisoning. As is well known, APAP-induced hepatotoxicity (AIH) is mainly caused by the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), and the toxic mechanisms of AIH are complicated. Several cellular processes are involved in the pathogenesis of AIH, including liver metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, sterile inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and microcirculation dysfunction. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are the major cellular events associated with APAP-induced liver injury. Many biomolecules involved in these biological processes are potential therapeutic targets for AIH. Therefore, there is an urgent need to comprehensively clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying AIH and to explore novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the various cellular events involved in AIH and discusses their potential therapeutic targets, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Luo
- Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
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14
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Han L, Wang Z, Yuan J, He J, Deng Y, Zhu DS, Guan YT. Circulating Leukocyte as an Inflammatory Biomarker: Association with Fibrinogen and Neuronal Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1213-1226. [PMID: 36974204 PMCID: PMC10039626 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s399021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Leukocytes and fibrinogen are inflammatory markers involved in circulating and central inflammatory response after ischemic stroke. However, the interaction between circulating leukocytes and serum fibrinogen and neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association between circulating leukocyte and serum fibrinogen and neuronal injury respectively in AIS. Methods A cross-section study with 431 hospitalized AIS patients from department of neurology was performed. Circulating leukocytes and fibrinogen were measured, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was detected to evaluate central neuronal damage. A propensity score matching method was used to minimize the effects of confounding factors. The relationship between leukocytes and NSE and fibrinogen was analyzed by linear curve fitting analysis and multiple logistic regression models respectively. Results The mean levels of NSE, leukocyte, and fibrinogen were significantly higher in the matched AIS group (n=89) than those of in the healthy control group (n=89) (all p<0.05). Both serum NSE and fibrinogen were increased with the increasing of leukocyte in AIS patients (both p<0.05). Smoothed plots suggested that there are linear relationships between leukocyte and NSE and fibrinogen respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the OR (95%) for the relationship between leukocyte and high NSE were 1.13 (1.01-1.26, p=0.031) and 1.13 (1.00-1.28, p=0.048), and between leukocyte and high fibrinogen were 1.40 (1.22-1.61, p<0.001) and 1.35 (1.15-1.58, p<0.001) in all AIS patients before and after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion Our study suggests that elevated circulating leukocyte was associated with high fibrinogen and neuronal injury in AIS. Therefore, there may be potential targets among circulating leukocyte, fibrinogen and NSE that should be intervened to reduce inflammatory reaction after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
- De-Sheng Zhu, Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13564719779, Email
| | - Yang-Tai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yang-Tai Guan, Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13386271865, Fax +86-21-68383482, Email
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15
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Hur WS, King KC, Patel YN, Nguyen YV, Wei Z, Yang Y, Juang LJ, Leung J, Kastrup CJ, Wolberg AS, Luyendyk JP, Flick MJ. Elimination of fibrin polymer formation or crosslinking, but not fibrinogen deficiency, is protective against diet-induced obesity and associated pathologies. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2873-2886. [PMID: 36111375 PMCID: PMC9669152 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity predisposes individuals to metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. A pathological manifestation of obesity is the activation of the coagulation system. In turn, extravascular fibrin(ogen) deposits accumulate in adipose tissues and liver. These deposits promote adiposity and downstream sequelae by driving pro-inflammatory macrophage function through binding the leukocyte integrin receptor αM β2 . OBJECTIVES An unresolved question is whether conversion of soluble fibrinogen to a crosslinked fibrin matrix is required to exacerbate obesity-driven diseases. METHODS Here, fibrinogen-deficient/depleted mice (Fib- or treated with siRNA against fibrinogen [siFga]), mice expressing fibrinogen that cannot polymerize to fibrin (FibAEK ), and mice deficient in the fibrin crosslinking transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII-) were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) and compared to mice expressing a mutant form of fibrinogen lacking the αM β2 -binding domain (Fib𝛾390-396A ). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior studies, Fib𝛾390-396A mice were significantly protected from increased adiposity, NAFLD, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes while Fib- and siFga-treated mice gained as much weight and developed obesity-associated pathologies identical to wildtype mice. FibAEK and FXIII- mice displayed an intermediate phenotype with partial protection from some obesity-associated pathologies. Results here indicate that fibrin(ogen) lacking αM β2 binding function offers substantial protection from obesity and associated disease that is partially recapitulated by preventing fibrin polymer formation or crosslinking of the wildtype molecule, but not by reduction or complete elimination of fibrinogen. Finally, these findings support the concept that fibrin polymerization and crosslinking are required for the full implementation of fibrin-driven inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk S. Hur
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katharine C. King
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yesha N. Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y-Van Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zimu Wei
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lih Jiin Juang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Michael Smith Laboratories, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian J. Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Blood Research institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Li W, Chang N, Li L. Heterogeneity and Function of Kupffer Cells in Liver Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940867. [PMID: 35833135 PMCID: PMC9271789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are key regulators of liver immunity composing the principal part of hepatic macrophages even body tissue macrophages. They reside in liver sinusoids towards portal vein. The micro-environment shapes KCs unique immunosuppressive features and functions. KCs express specific surface markers that distinguish from other liver macrophages. By engulfing gut-derived foreign products and apoptotic cells without triggering excessive inflammation, KCs maintain homeostasis of liver and body. Heterogeneity of KCs has been identified in different studies. In terms of the origin, adult KCs are derived from progenitors of both embryo and adult bone marrow. Embryo-derived KCs compose the majority of KCs in healthy and maintain by self-renewal. Bone marrow monocytes replenish massively when embryo-derived KC proliferation are impaired. The phenotype of KCs is also beyond the traditional dogma of M1-M2. Functionally, KCs play central roles in pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver injury. They contribute to each pathological stage of liver disease. By initiating inflammation, regulating fibrosis, cirrhosis and tumor cell proliferation, KCs contribute to the resolution of liver injury and restoration of tissue architecture. The underlying mechanism varied by damage factors and pathology. Understanding the characteristics and functions of KCs may provide opportunities for the therapy of liver injury. Herein, we attempt to afford insights on heterogeneity and functions of KCs in liver injury using the existing findings.
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Poole LG, Kopec AK, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP. Cross-linking by tissue transglutaminase-2 alters fibrinogen-directed macrophage proinflammatory activity. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1182-1192. [PMID: 35158413 PMCID: PMC9035112 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood coagulation factor fibrin(ogen) can modulate inflammation by altering leukocyte activity. Analyses of fibrin(ogen)-mediated proinflammatory activity have largely focused on leukocyte integrin binding activity revealed by conversion of fibrinogen to a stabilized fibrin polymer by blood coagulation enzymes. In addition to coagulation enzymes, fibrinogen is a substrate for tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2), a widely expressed enzyme that produces unique fibrinogen Aα-γ chain cross-linked products. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that TG2 dependent cross-linking alters the proinflammatory activity of surface-adhered fibrinogen. METHODS Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were cultured on tissue culture plates coated with fibrinogen or TG2-cross-linked fibrinogen (10 µg/ml) and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ng/ml) or vehicle for various times. RESULTS In the absence of LPS stimulation, TG2-cross-linked fibrin(ogen) enhanced inflammatory gene induction (e.g., Tnfα) compared with unmodified fibrinogen. LPS stimulation induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor α) within 60 min. This initial cellular activation was unaffected by unmodified or TG2-cross-linked fibrinogen. In contrast, LPS induction of interleukin-10 mRNA and protein and STAT3 phosphorylation was selectively attenuated by TG2-cross-linked fibrinogen, which was associated with enhanced proinflammatory cytokine secretion by LPS-stimulated BMDMs at later time points (6 and 24 h). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that atypical cross-linking by TG2 imparts unique proinflammatory activity to surface-adhered fibrinogen. The results suggest a novel coagulation-independent mechanism controlling fibrinogen-directed macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Anna K. Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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3'mRNA sequencing reveals pro-regenerative properties of c5ar1 during resolution of murine acetaminophen-induced liver injury. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:10. [PMID: 35087052 PMCID: PMC8795215 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (ALI) serves as paradigmatic model for drug-induced hepatic injury and regeneration. As major cause of ALI, acetaminophen overdosing is a persistent therapeutic challenge with N-acetylcysteine clinically used to ameliorate parenchymal necrosis. To identify further treatment strategies that serve patients with poor N-acetylcysteine responses, hepatic 3′mRNA sequencing was performed in the initial resolution phase at 24 h/48 h after sublethal overdosing. This approach disclosed 45 genes upregulated (≥5-fold) within this time frame. Focusing on C5aR1, we observed in C5aR1-deficient mice disease aggravation during resolution of intoxication as evidenced by increased liver necrosis and serum alanine aminotransferase. Moreover, decreased hepatocyte compensatory proliferation and increased caspase-3 activation at the surroundings of necrotic cores were detectable in C5aR1-deficient mice. Using a non-hypothesis-driven approach, herein pro-regenerative/-resolving effects of C5aR1 were identified during late acetaminophen-induced ALI. Data concur with protection by the C5a/C5aR1-axis during hepatectomy and emphasize the complex role of inflammation during hepatic regeneration and repair.
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Poole LG, Fournier AK, Cline-Fedewa HM, Kopec AK, Luyendyk JP, Groeneveld DJ. Von Willebrand factor exerts hepatoprotective effects in acute but not chronic cholestatic liver injury in mice. Toxicology 2021; 463:152968. [PMID: 34619301 PMCID: PMC8585719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver disease are associated with substantial alterations in the hemostatic system, including elevated levels of the platelet-adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (VWF). Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis is reduced in VWF-deficient mice, but it is unclear if VWF plays a pathologic role in all settings of liver fibrosis. Indeed, several studies suggest an anti-fibrotic role for components of the hemostatic system, including platelets, in experimental settings of bile duct fibrosis. However, the role of VWF in this specific pathology has not been examined. We tested the hypothesis that VWF exerts hepatoprotective effects in experimental bile duct injury. Wild-type and VWF-deficient (VWF-/-) mice were challenged with the bile duct toxicant alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and the impact of VWF deficiency on acute cholestatic liver injury and chronic liver fibrosis was determined. Acute ANIT (60 mg/kg, po)-induced cholestatic liver injury was associated with increased VWF plasma antigen and activity levels. VWF deficiency enhanced ANIT-induced hepatocellular injury, evidenced by increased plasma ALT activity and area of hepatocellular necrosis. Surprisingly, platelet accumulation within necrotic areas was increased in ANIT-challenged VWF-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Compared to acute ANIT challenge, hepatic platelet accumulation was modest and appeared to be VWF-dependent in mice exposed to ANIT diet (0.05 %) for 6 weeks. However, contrasting the role of VWF after acute ANIT challenge, VWF deficiency did not impact biliary fibrosis induced by chronic ANIT exposure. The results suggest that VWF plays dichotomous roles in experimental acute and chronic ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Poole
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anna-Katherine Fournier
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly M. Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anna K. Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dafna J. Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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20
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Sharma BK, Mureb D, Murab S, Rosenfeldt L, Francisco B, Cantrell R, Karns R, Romick-Rosendale L, Watanabe-Chailland M, Mast J, Flick MJ, Whitlock PW, Palumbo JS. Fibrinogen activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promoting colorectal adenocarcinoma growth. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2480-2494. [PMID: 34192410 PMCID: PMC8493761 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that fibrinogen is a major determinant of the growth of a murine model of colorectal cancer (CRC). OBJECTIVE Our aim was to define the mechanisms coupling fibrin(ogen) to CRC growth. RESULTS CRC tumors transplanted into the dorsal subcutis of Fib- mice were less proliferative and demonstrated increased senescence relative to those grown in Fib+ mice. RNA-seq analyses of Fib+ and Fib- tumors revealed 213 differentially regulated genes. One gene highly upregulated in tumors from Fib- mice was stratifin, encoding 14-3-3σ, a master regulator of proliferation/senescence. In a separate cohort, we observed significantly increased protein levels of 14-3-3σ and its upstream and downstream targets (i.e., p53 and p21) in tumors from Fib- mice. In vitro analyses demonstrated increased tumor cell proliferation in a fibrin printed three-dimensional environment compared with controls, suggesting that fibrin(ogen) in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor growth in this context via a tumor cell intrinsic mechanism. In vivo analyses showed diminished activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key negative regulator of p53, in Fib- tumors. Furthermore, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics demonstrated significantly reduced metabolic activity in tumors from Fib- relative to Fib+ mice. Together, these findings suggest that fibrin(ogen)-mediated engagement of colon cancer cells activates FAK, which inhibits p53 and its downstream targets including 14-3-3σ and p21, thereby promoting cellular proliferation and preventing senescence. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that fibrin(ogen) is an important component of the colon cancer microenvironment and may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Krishan Sharma
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Duaa Mureb
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sumit Murab
- Division of Orthopaedics Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Leah Rosenfeldt
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Brenton Francisco
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Rachel Cantrell
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lindsey Romick-Rosendale
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jacob Mast
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Patrick W. Whitlock
- Division of Orthopaedics Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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21
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Yan M, Zhao C, Lu S, Cui J, Sun Z, Liu X, Liu S, Huo Y, Yin S, Hu H. Trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates acetaminophen-induced liver injury by interfering with macrophage-mediated liver regeneration. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:897-910. [PMID: 34459512 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (AILI) is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in developed countries. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite derived from the gut microbiota and is relatively high in the circulation of the elderly, individuals with diabetes, and heart disease. Herein, we showed that TMAO exacerbates APAP hepatotoxicity. It is possible that delayed liver repair and regeneration that resulted from reduced macrophage accumulation was responsible for this combined hepatotoxicity. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase 12 (Mmp12), expressed predominantly by macrophages, were reduced by TMAO in vitro and in vivo. This led to the inhibition of macrophage migration and a subsequent decrease in the recruitment of proresolving macrophages to the necrosis area. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant Mmp12 mitigated the enhanced hepatotoxicity in mice cotreated with TMAO and APAP. Overall, this study indicates that TMAO exacerbates APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by hindering macrophage-mediated liver repair, which might stem from the inhibition of Mmp12. These findings imply that liver damage in patients with high levels of circulating TMAO may be more severe in AILI and should exercise caution when treating with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangyun Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenou Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhen Huo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Henderson MW, Sparkenbaugh EM, Wang S, Ilich A, Noubouossie DF, Mailer R, Renné T, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP, Chen ZL, Strickland S, Stravitz RT, McCrae KR, Key NS, Pawlinski R. Plasmin-mediated cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen contributes to acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Blood 2021; 138:259-272. [PMID: 33827130 PMCID: PMC8310429 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is associated with activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. In mice, both tissue factor-dependent thrombin generation and plasmin activity have been shown to promote liver injury after APAP overdose. However, the contribution of the contact and intrinsic coagulation pathways has not been investigated in this model. Mice deficient in individual factors of the contact (factor XII [FXII] and prekallikrein) or intrinsic coagulation (FXI) pathway were administered a hepatotoxic dose of 400 mg/kg of APAP. Neither FXII, FXI, nor prekallikrein deficiency mitigated coagulation activation or hepatocellular injury. Interestingly, despite the lack of significant changes to APAP-induced coagulation activation, markers of liver injury and inflammation were significantly reduced in APAP-challenged high-molecular-weight kininogen-deficient (HK-/-) mice. Protective effects of HK deficiency were not reproduced by inhibition of bradykinin-mediated signaling, whereas reconstitution of circulating levels of HK in HK-/- mice restored hepatotoxicity. Fibrinolysis activation was observed in mice after APAP administration. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and mass spectrometry analysis showed that plasmin efficiently cleaves HK into multiple fragments in buffer or plasma. Importantly, plasminogen deficiency attenuated APAP-induced liver injury and prevented HK cleavage in the injured liver. Finally, enhanced plasmin generation and HK cleavage, in the absence of contact pathway activation, were observed in plasma of patients with acute liver failure due to APAP overdose. In summary, extrinsic but not intrinsic pathway activation drives the thromboinflammatory pathology associated with APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Furthermore, plasmin-mediated cleavage of HK contributes to hepatotoxicity in APAP-challenged mice independently of thrombin generation or bradykinin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shaobin Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anton Ilich
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Denis F Noubouossie
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Reiner Mailer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - R Todd Stravitz
- Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; and
| | - Keith R McCrae
- Taussig Cancer Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nigel S Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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23
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Factor XIII cross-links fibrin(ogen) independent of fibrin polymerization in experimental acute liver injury. Blood 2021; 137:2520-2531. [PMID: 33569603 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular fibrin clot formation follows a well-ordered series of reactions catalyzed by thrombin cleavage of fibrinogen leading to fibrin polymerization and cross-linking by factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). Extravascular fibrin(ogen) deposits are observed in injured tissues; however, the mechanisms regulating fibrin(ogen) polymerization and cross-linking in this setting are unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms of fibrin polymerization and cross-linking in acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition and cross-linking were measured following APAP overdose in wild-type mice, mice lacking the catalytic subunit of FXIII (FXIII-/-), and in FibAEK mice, which express mutant fibrinogen insensitive to thrombin-mediated fibrin polymer formation. Hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was similar in APAP-challenged wild-type and FXIII-/- mice, yet cross-linking of hepatic fibrin(ogen) was dramatically reduced (>90%) by FXIII deficiency. Surprisingly, hepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition and cross-linking were only modestly reduced in APAP-challenged FibAEK mice, suggesting that in the APAP-injured liver fibrin polymerization is not strictly required for the extravascular deposition of cross-linked fibrin(ogen). We hypothesized that the oxidative environment in the injured liver, containing high levels of reactive mediators (eg, peroxynitrite), modifies fibrin(ogen) such that fibrin polymerization is impaired without impacting FXIII-mediated cross-linking. Notably, fibrin(ogen) modified with 3-nitrotyrosine adducts was identified in the APAP-injured liver. In biochemical assays, peroxynitrite inhibited thrombin-mediated fibrin polymerization in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting fibrin(ogen) cross-linking over time. These studies depict a unique pathology wherein thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization is circumvented to allow tissue deposition and FXIII-dependent fibrin(ogen) cross-linking.
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24
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Arunadevi R, Arunachalam C, Murugammal S, Monika N, Susila R, Sunil Kumar KN. Corrected and republished: comparative botanical and phytochemical studies of ambiguous medicinal plant species of wedelia and eclipta (fam. asteraceae) used in ASU systems of medicine with special reference to in-silico screening of hepatoprotective potential of marker wedelolactone with acetaminophen targets. Pharmacognosy Res 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_11_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Zhang N, Sun J, Ji C, Zhou Y, Bao X, Yuan C. Clinical significance and influencing factors of fibrinogen in ANCA-associated vasculitis: A single-center retrospective study from Southwest China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22424. [PMID: 32991476 PMCID: PMC7523770 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercoagulable is an important pathological state in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Fibrinogen (FIB) is the main protein in coagulation process. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and influencing factors of FIB in AAV from Southwest China.A retrospective study was performed on AAV patients from Peoples Hospital of Deyang City from January 2007 to December 2018. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected.A total of 463 AAV patients were included. In Wilcoxon rank sum test, FIB was significantly higher in AAV active group than inactive group (P = .005). FIB was also higher in bacterial infection group than in non-infection group both in active group (P = .008) and inactive group (P = .017). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the critical value of FIB for diagnosis of bacterial infection between AAV active and inactive groups was 3.385 g/L (P = .030), with sensitivity of 70.2% and specificity of 52.9%. In the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was shown to be an independent factor for FIB (P = .001). Least-significant difference showed the concentration of FIB (P < .05) increased with renal impairment, especially in endstage kidney disease (ESKD).FIB identified a certain reference value in distinguishing AAV activity from bacterial infection. ESKD had a statistical effect on it. Influencing factors of FIB should be evaluated based on the renal function impairment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Jiaxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang
| | - Chaixia Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang
| | - Yusha Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chengliang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang
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26
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Zagórska A, Través PG, Jiménez-García L, Strickland JD, Oh J, Tapia FJ, Mayoral R, Burrola P, Copple BL, Lemke G. Differential regulation of hepatic physiology and injury by the TAM receptors Axl and Mer. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000694. [PMID: 32571802 PMCID: PMC7335405 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have implicated the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Mer in liver disease, yet our understanding of the role that Mer and its related RTKs Tyro3 and Axl play in liver homeostasis and the response to acute injury is limited. We find that Mer and Axl are most prominently expressed in hepatic Kupffer and endothelial cells and that as mice lacking these RTKs age, they develop profound liver disease characterized by apoptotic cell accumulation and immune activation. We further find that Mer is critical to the phagocytosis of apoptotic hepatocytes generated in settings of acute hepatic injury, and that Mer and Axl act in concert to inhibit cytokine production in these settings. In contrast, we find that Axl is uniquely important in mitigating liver damage during acetaminophen intoxication. Although Mer and Axl are protective in acute injury models, we find that Axl exacerbates fibrosis in a model of chronic injury. These divergent effects have important implications for the design and implementation of TAM-directed therapeutics that might target these RTKs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zagórska
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paqui G Través
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jenna D Strickland
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Joanne Oh
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J Tapia
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Mayoral
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Burrola
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bryan L Copple
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Greg Lemke
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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27
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Bhan C, Dash SP, Dipankar P, Kumar P, Chakraborty P, Sarangi PP. Investigation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Expression Dynamics Using Murine Models of Systemic Inflammation. Inflammation 2020; 42:2020-2031. [PMID: 31376095 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins form the structural support for migration of leukocytes and provide multiple signals to assist in their functions during inflammatory conditions. Presence of pro-inflammatory mediators in the tissues results in the remodelling of matrices which could modify the functions of extravasated leukocytes. Previous reports have shown changes in the expression of ECM proteins during local inflammatory responses. In this study, we have investigated the time- and tissue-specific expression profile of key ECM proteins in systemic inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse models. The results show that compared to naïve tissues, within 12 h following CLP surgery, a 20-30-fold increase was observed in the expression of collagen-IV (Col-IV) transcripts in the mesentery tissues with a 2.4-fold increase in the protein by 24 h. However, Western blot band intensities indicated that vimentin and fibrinogen were remarkably expressed in more quantity compared to Col-IV. Secondly, in CLP group of mice, fibrinogen showed 6-40-fold increase in mRNA level in various tissues with about 2-fold increase in the protein level compared to respective naïve tissues. Similar studies in the LPS-injected mice showed up to 2-3 fold increase in the expression of Col-IV, fibrinogen and vimentin at protein level in the lungs. In such animals, although similar pattern was observed for fibrinogen in kidney and liver tissues, the mesentery showed prominent changes in Col-IV and vimentin mRNA compared to CLP. Further, bioinformatics analysis showed multiple pathways which could be associated with vimentin, Col-IV and fibrinogen under inflammatory conditions both in human and mouse. The current study will help in better understanding of possible signalling from ECM proteins in inflammatory microenvironment and may contribute in development of cell adhesion-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shiba Prasad Dash
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pankaj Dipankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Papiya Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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28
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Arnold K, Xu Y, Sparkenbaugh EM, Li M, Han X, Zhang X, Xia K, Piegore M, Zhang F, Zhang X, Henderson M, Pagadala V, Su G, Tan L, Park PW, Stravitz RT, Key NS, Linhardt RJ, Pawlinski R, Xu D, Liu J. Design of anti-inflammatory heparan sulfate to protect against acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaav8075. [PMID: 32188725 PMCID: PMC7315409 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen/paracetamol (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States and Europe. The progression of the disease is attributed to sterile inflammation induced by the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the interaction with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). A specific, effective, and safe approach to neutralize the proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 is highly desirable. Here, we found that a heparan sulfate (HS) octadecasaccharide (18-mer-HP or hepatoprotective 18-mer) displays potent hepatoprotection by targeting the HMGB1/RAGE axis. Endogenous HS proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is shed in response to APAP overdose in mice and humans. Furthermore, purified syndecan-1, but not syndecan-1 core protein, binds to HMGB1, suggesting that HMGB1 binds to HS polysaccharide side chains of syndecan-1. Last, we compared the protection effect between 18-mer-HP and N-acetyl cysteine, which is the standard of care to treat APAP overdose. We demonstrated that 18-mer-HP administered 3 hours after a lethal dose of APAP is fully protective; however, the treatment of N-acetyl cysteine loses protection. Therefore, 18-mer-HP may offer a potential therapeutic advantage over N-acetyl cysteine for late-presenting patients. Synthetic HS provides a potential approach for the treatment of APAP-induced ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Arnold
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erica M Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Mark Piegore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mike Henderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | | | - Guowei Su
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisi Tan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
| | - Pyong Woo Park
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Stravitz
- Hume-Lee Transplant Center of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Nigel S Key
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Rafal Pawlinski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, USA
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Hu C, Zhao L, Wu Z, Li L. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives effectively promotes liver regeneration to attenuate acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:88. [PMID: 32106875 PMCID: PMC7047366 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced injury is a common clinical phenomenon that not only occurs in a dose-dependent manner but also occurs in some idiosyncratic individuals in a dose-independent manner. APAP overdose generally results in acute liver injury via the initiation of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, liver inflammation, and microcirculatory dysfunction. Liver transplantation is the only effective strategy for treating APAP-induced liver failure, but liver transplantation is inhibited by scarce availability of donor liver grafts, acute graft rejection, lifelong immunosuppression, and unbearable costs. Currently, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively restores liver functions early after APAP intake, but it does not protect against APAP-induced injury at the late stage. An increasing number of animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly attenuate acute liver injury through their migratory capacity, hepatogenic differentiation, immunoregulatory capacity, and paracrine effects in acute liver failure (ALF). In this review, we comprehensively discuss the mechanisms of APAP overdose-induced liver injury and current therapies for treating APAP-induced liver injury. We then comprehensively summarize recent studies about transplantation of MSC and MSC derivatives for treating APAP-induced liver injury. We firmly believe that MSCs and their derivatives will effectively promote liver regeneration and liver injury repair in APAP overdose-treated animals and patients. To this end, MSC-based therapies may serve as an effective strategy for patients who are waiting for liver transplantation during the early and late stages of APAP-induced ALF in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Gamede M, Mabuza L, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Plant-derived oleanolic acid ameliorates markers of subclinical inflammation and innate immunity activation in diet-induced pre-diabetic rats. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820935771. [PMID: 32782775 PMCID: PMC7385833 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820935771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sub-clinical inflammation during pre-diabetes is one of the predisposing factors that facilitates the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes. The administration of oleanolic acid (OA) with or without dietary intervention ameliorates the metabolic and cardiovascular complications in diet-induced pre-diabetes animal models of pre-diabetes. This study aimed to investigate whether OA can also suppress immune activation and ameliorate pro-inflammatory markers. METHODS Pre-diabetes was induced by feeding Sprague Dawley rats a high-fat high carbohydrate diet for 20 weeks. The pre-diabetic rats were then treated with OA (80 mg/kg) or metformin (500 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of dietary interventions for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were euthanised and whole blood was used for platelet and immune cell count while plasma was used for fibrinogen, cluster differentiation 40 ligand and pro-inflammatory cytokine evaluation. RESULTS The results of this study revealed that OA, with or without dietary intervention, improved lipid metabolism by restoring high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) as well as reducing platelets and immune cell counts. Furthermore, OA also decreased plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α and -1β. Markers of immune activation such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and CD40L were also decreased upon administration of OA with or without dietary intervention. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that OA may provide an alternative to prevent the progression of pre-diabetes to overt diabetes. This was evident by the reduction of differential white blood cell count and proinflammatory cytokines that exercebate insulin resistance. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and to improve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindokuhle Mabuza
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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31
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Groeneveld D, Cline-Fedewa H, Baker KS, Williams KJ, Roth RA, Mittermeier K, Lisman T, Palumbo JS, Luyendyk JP. Von Willebrand factor delays liver repair after acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Hepatol 2020; 72:146-155. [PMID: 31606553 PMCID: PMC6941657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure is associated with substantial alterations in the hemostatic system. In mice, platelets accumulate in the liver after APAP overdose and appear to promote liver injury. Interestingly, patients with acute liver injury have highly elevated levels of the platelet-adhesive protein von Willebrand factor (VWF), but a mechanistic connection between VWF and progression of liver injury has not been established. We tested the hypothesis that VWF contributes directly to experimental APAP-induced acute liver injury. METHODS Wild-type mice and VWF-deficient (Vwf-/-) mice were given a hepatotoxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline). VWF plasma levels were measured by ELISA, and liver necrosis or hepatocyte proliferation was measured by immunohistochemistry. Platelet and VWF deposition were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS In wild-type mice, VWF plasma levels, high molecular weight (HMW) VWF multimers, and VWF activity decreased 24 h after APAP challenge. These changes coupled to robust hepatic VWF and platelet deposition, although VWF deficiency had minimal effect on peak hepatic platelet accumulation or liver injury. VWF plasma levels were elevated 48 h after APAP challenge, but with relative reductions in HMW multimers and VWF activity. Whereas hepatic platelet aggregates persisted in livers of APAP-challenged wild-type mice, platelets were nearly absent in Vwf-/- mice 48 h after APAP challenge. The absence of platelet aggregates was linked to dramatically accelerated repair of the injured liver. Complementing observations in Vwf-/- mice, blocking VWF or the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 during development of injury significantly reduced hepatic platelet aggregation and accelerated liver repair in APAP-challenged wild-type mice. CONCLUSION These studies are the first to suggest a mechanistic link between VWF, hepatic platelet accumulation, and liver repair. Targeting VWF might provide a novel therapeutic approach to improve repair of the APAP-injured liver. LAY SUMMARY Patients with acute liver injury due to acetaminophen overdose have highly elevated levels of the platelet-adhesive protein von Willebrand factor. It is not known whether von Willebrand factor plays a direct role in the progression of acute liver injury. We discovered that von Willebrand factor delays repair of the acetaminophen-injured liver in mice and that targeting von Willebrand factor, even in mice with established liver injury, accelerates liver repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Groeneveld
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kevin S Baker
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kurt J Williams
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Roth
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karen Mittermeier
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ton Lisman
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph S Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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32
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Wang M, Zhang M, Fu L, Lin J, Zhou X, Zhou P, Huang P, Hu H, Han Y. Liver-targeted delivery of TSG-6 by calcium phosphate nanoparticles for the management of liver fibrosis. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:36-49. [PMID: 31903104 PMCID: PMC6929629 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is a promising antifibrotic strategy but facing clinical controversies. Inspired by advances in nanomedicine, we aimed to bypass these clinical barriers of MSCs by identifying the key antifibrotic molecule of MSCs and developing a specific liver-targeting nanocarrier. Methods: Cytokines secreted by MSCs were examined with serum stimulation of cirrhotic patients. Immunohistochemistry, microarray, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were applied to identify the critical antifibrotic cytokine and to discover its role in modulating antifibrotic effects. Biomineralization method was used to prepare calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NPs). The targeting and therapeutic efficiency of NPs were evaluated by in vivo imaging and biochemical studies on fibrotic mice induced by CCl4. Results: The stimulated MSCs exhibited high-level expression of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6). On animal study, exogenous administration of TSG-6 alone can ameliorate liver fibrosis while TSG-6 knocked MSCs (Lv-TSG-6 MSCs) lost antifibrotic effects. Further studies verified the importance of TSG-6 and identified its antifibrotic mechanism by modulating M2 macrophages and increasing matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) expression. Additionally, we found a feedback loop between TSG-6, MMP12 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), which may improve our understanding of the aggravating process of cirrhosis and antifibrotic mechanisms of TSG-6 and MSCs. Based on these findings, we developed calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP@BSA NPs) by biomineralization method using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the biotemplate. Imaging tracking and drug loading studies showed specific liver targeting and high TSG-6 loading efficacy of as-prepared CaP@BSA NPs. In vivo therapeutic study further demonstrated the improved therapeutic effects of TSG-6 loaded CaP@BSA. Conclusions: TSG-6 was a major antifibrotic cytokine of MSCs, TSG-6 loaded CaP@BSA NPs showed specific liver accumulation and improved therapeutic effects, which indicated translational potentials of CaP@BSA as a promising drug carrier for the liver disease management.
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SPHK1 deficiency protects mice from acetaminophen-induced ER stress and mitochondrial permeability transition. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1924-1937. [PMID: 31827236 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), whose formation is catalyzed by sphingosine kinase (SPHK)-1 or -2, is a bioactive lipid implicated in human health and disease. Here, we show that APAP-treated sphK1-deficient (sphK1-/-) mice exhibited markedly less liver damage and reduced inflammation compared with the wild-type mice. SPHK1 deficiency alleviated APAP-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by affecting the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), levels of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and activation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). SPHK1 deficiency also inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), as evidenced by the impaired phosphorylation of JNK, apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). In addition, SPHK1 deficiency reduced the levels of histone deacetylase and promoted the acetylation of p65 and STAT1, thereby impairing the transcription of inflammatory genes. Supplementation with exogenous S1P significantly reversed the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway and ATF6 during ER stress as well as the activation of GSK3β, ASK1, and JNK during MPT. Both FTY720, a functional S1P receptor antagonist, and PF543, an SPHK1 inhibitor, significantly ameliorated APAP-induced liver injury and improved animal survival. Our study reveals a critical role for SPHK1 in mediating APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by promoting ER stress and MPT.
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35
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Roth K, Strickland J, Joshi N, Deng M, Kennedy RC, Rockwell CE, Luyendyk JP, Billiar TR, Copple BL. Dichotomous Role of Plasmin in Regulation of Macrophage Function after Acetaminophen Overdose. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1986-2001. [PMID: 31381887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages are critical for liver repair after acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. These cells produce promitogenic cytokines and growth factors, and they phagocytose dead cell debris, a process that is critical for resolution of inflammation. The factors that regulate these dynamic functions of macrophages after APAP overdose, however, are not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that the fibrinolytic enzyme, plasmin, is a key regulator of macrophage function after APAP-induced liver injury. In these studies, inhibition of plasmin in mice with tranexamic acid delayed up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines after APAP overdose. In culture, plasmin directly, and in synergy with high-mobility group B1, stimulated Kupffer cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages to produce cytokines by a mechanism that required NF-κB. Inhibition of plasmin in vivo also prevented trafficking of monocyte-derived macrophages into necrotic lesions after APAP overdose. This prevented phagocytic removal of dead cells, prevented maturation of monocyte-derived macrophages into F4/80-expressing macrophages, and prevented termination of proinflammatory cytokine production. Our studies reveal further that phagocytosis is an important stimulus for cessation of proinflammatory cytokine production as treatment of proinflammatory, monocyte-derived macrophages, isolated from APAP-treated mice, with necrotic hepatocytes decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that plasmin is an important regulator of macrophage function after APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jenna Strickland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nikita Joshi
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebekah C Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan L Copple
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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Luyendyk JP, Schoenecker JG, Flick MJ. The multifaceted role of fibrinogen in tissue injury and inflammation. Blood 2019; 133:511-520. [PMID: 30523120 PMCID: PMC6367649 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-818211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical role of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems is to maintain vascular integrity. Perturbations in either system can prompt primary pathological end points of hemorrhage or thrombosis with vessel occlusion. However, fibrin(ogen) and proteases controlling its deposition and clearance, including (pro)thrombin and plasmin(ogen), have powerful roles in driving acute and reparative inflammatory pathways that affect the spectrum of tissue injury, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, fibrin(ogen) deposits are a near-universal feature of tissue injury, regardless of the nature of the inciting event, including injuries driven by mechanical insult, infection, or immunological derangements. Fibrin can modify multiple aspects of inflammatory cell function by engaging leukocytes through a variety of cellular receptors and mechanisms. Studies on the role of coagulation system activation and fibrin(ogen) deposition in models of inflammatory disease and tissue injury have revealed points of commonality, as well as context-dependent contributions of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. However, there remains a critical need to define the precise temporal and spatial mechanisms by which fibrinogen-directed inflammatory events may dictate the severity of tissue injury and coordinate the remodeling and repair events essential to restore normal organ function. Current research trends suggest that future studies will give way to the identification of novel hemostatic factor-targeted therapies for a range of tissue injuries and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Pediatrics, and
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition drives liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice and humans. Blood 2019; 133:1245-1256. [PMID: 30655274 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-869057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a pivotal role in stimulating liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rodents and humans. Liver regeneration in rodents is delayed when platelets are inhibited. However, the exact mechanisms whereby platelets accumulate and promote liver regeneration remain uncertain. Thrombin-dependent intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was recently reported after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in mice, but the role of fibrin(ogen) deposits in liver regeneration has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that fibrin(ogen) contributes to liver regeneration by promoting intrahepatic platelet accumulation and identified the trigger of rapid intrahepatic coagulation after PHx. PHx in wild-type mice triggered rapid intrahepatic coagulation, evidenced by intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition. Intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was abolished in mice with liver-specific tissue factor deficiency, pinpointing the trigger of coagulation after PHx. Direct thrombin activation of platelets through protease-activated receptor-4 did not contribute to hepatocyte proliferation after PHx, indicating that thrombin contributes to liver regeneration primarily by driving intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition. Fibrinogen depletion with ancrod reduced both intrahepatic platelet accumulation and hepatocyte proliferation after PHx, indicating that fibrin(ogen) contributes to liver regeneration after PHx by promoting intrahepatic platelet accumulation. Consistent with the protective function of fibrin(ogen) in mice, low postoperative plasma fibrinogen levels were associated with liver dysfunction and mortality in patients undergoing liver resection. Moreover, increased intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition was evident in livers of patients after liver resection but was remarkably absent in patients displaying hepatic dysfunction postresection. The results suggest a novel mechanism whereby coagulation-dependent intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition drives platelet accumulation and liver regeneration after PHx.
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Li M, Wang S, Li X, Kou R, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhao N, Zeng T, Xie K. Diallyl sulfide treatment protects against acetaminophen-/carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:67-76. [PMID: 30713662 PMCID: PMC6334500 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of diallyl sulfide (DAS), an organosulfur compound extracted from garlic, on drug-induced or chemical-induced liver injury caused by acetaminophen (APAP) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. DAS (100, 200, or 400 μmol kg-1) was orally administered 1 hour before APAP or CCl4 intraperitoneal injection, and the serum and liver tissue were collected 24 hours after APAP or CCl4 exposure. The serum aminotransferase activities and liver histopathological examination showed that DAS exhibited obvious hepatoprotective effects against acute liver injury induced by APAP or CCl4. In addition, exposure to APAP or CCl4 resulted in an increased content of malonaldehyde as well as a decreased ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, and a decreased level of superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the liver (p < 0.05); however, pretreatment with DAS restored the perturbations of the antioxidant system in the liver. Beyond that, DAS pretreatment reduced the APAP-/CCl4-induced increase in phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα) and p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus in the liver. DAS pretreatment also decreased the excessive level of TNF-α caused by APAP or CCl4 in serum (p < 0.05). Moreover, DAS pretreatment regulated the expression of cleaved caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2 in the liver and suppressed APAP-/CCl4-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, DAS exhibits hepatoprotective effects against drug-induced and chemical-induced liver injuries induced by APAP or CCl4 in mice, probably due to its ability to reduce hepatic oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory injury and hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng , Shandong Province 252000 , China
| | - Xianjie Li
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
| | - Ruirui Kou
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
| | - Xujing Wang
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
| | - Keqin Xie
- Institute of Toxicology , School of Public Health , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province 250012 , China .
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Lisman T. Crosslinked clots formed independently of factor XIII and without fibrinogen-to-fibrin conversion - is this a liver-specific phenomenon? J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:110-112. [PMID: 30412653 PMCID: PMC7379741 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory and Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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40
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Poole LG, Pant A, Baker KS, Kopec AK, Cline-Fedewa HM, Iismaa SE, Flick MJ, Luyendyk JP. Chronic liver injury drives non-traditional intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) crosslinking via tissue transglutaminase. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:113-125. [PMID: 30415489 PMCID: PMC6322974 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Fibrin clots are often implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced in transgenic mice with defects in clot formation or stabilization. Liver fibrosis and fibrin(ogen) deposition do not require fibrin polymerization or factor XIIIa. Fibrin(ogen) is an in vivo substrate of tissue transglutaminase in experimental liver fibrosis. SUMMARY: Background Intravascular fibrin clots and extravascular fibrin deposits are often implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis. However, evidence supporting a pathological role of fibrin in hepatic fibrosis is indirect and based largely on studies using anticoagulant drugs that inhibit activation of the coagulation protease thrombin, which has other downstream targets that promote fibrosis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the precise role of fibrin deposits in experimental hepatic fibrosis. Methods Liver fibrosis was induced in mice expressing mutant fibrinogen insensitive to thrombin-mediated proteolysis (i.e. locked in the monomeric form), termed FibAEK mice, and factor XIII A2 subunit-deficient (FXIII-/- ) mice. Female wild-type mice, FXIII-/- mice and homozygous FibAEK mice were challenged with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) twice weekly for 4 weeks or 6 weeks (1 mL kg-1 , intraperitoneal). Results Hepatic injury and fibrosis induced by CCl4 challenge were unaffected by FXIII deficiency or inhibition of thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymer formation (in FibAEK mice). Surprisingly, hepatic deposition of crosslinked fibrin(ogen) was not reduced in CCl4 -challenged FXIII-/- mice or FibAEK mice as compared with wild-type mice. Rather, deposition of crosslinked hepatic fibrin(ogen) following CCl4 challenge was dramatically reduced in tissue transglutaminase-2 (TGM2)-deficient (TGM2-/- ) mice. However, the reduction in crosslinked fibrin(ogen) in TGM2-/- mice did not affect CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis. Conclusions These results indicate that neither traditional fibrin clots, formed by the thrombin-activated FXIII pathway nor atypical TGM2-crosslinked fibrin(ogen) contribute to experimental CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis. Collectively, the results indicate that liver fibrosis occurs independently of intrahepatic fibrin(ogen) deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Poole
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Pant
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - K S Baker
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A K Kopec
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - H M Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - S E Iismaa
- Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M J Flick
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J P Luyendyk
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Yang G, Wang Z, Ren S, Yan XT, Xu XY, Hu JN, Zhang Y, Li W. Hepato-Protective Effect of Ginsenosides from the Fruits of Panax ginseng Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.1107.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mouton AJ, Rivera Gonzalez OJ, Kaminski AR, Moore ET, Lindsey ML. Matrix metalloproteinase-12 as an endogenous resolution promoting factor following myocardial infarction. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:252-258. [PMID: 30394317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), timely resolution of inflammation promotes wound healing and scar formation while limiting excessive tissue damage. Resolution promoting factors (RPFs) are agents that blunt leukocyte trafficking and inflammation, promote necrotic and apoptotic cell clearance, and stimulate scar formation. Previously identified RPFs include mediators derived from lipids (resolvins, lipoxins, protectins, and maresins), proteins (glucocorticoids, annexin A1, galectin 1, and melanocortins), or gases (CO, H2S, and NO). Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12; macrophage elastase) has shown promising RPF qualities in a variety of disease states. We review here the evidence that MMP-12 may serve as a novel RPF with potential therapeutic efficacy in the setting of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Osvaldo J Rivera Gonzalez
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Amanda R Kaminski
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Edwin T Moore
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1500 E Woodrow Wilson Ave, Jackson, MS, 39216, United States.
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Pant A, Kopec AK, Baker KS, Cline-Fedewa H, Lawrence DA, Luyendyk JP. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Reduces Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator-Dependent Fibrinolysis and Intrahepatic Hemorrhage in Experimental Acetaminophen Overdose. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1204-1212. [PMID: 29454747 PMCID: PMC5911680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice is associated with activation of the coagulation cascade and deposition of fibrin in liver. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important physiological inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plays a critical role in fibrinolysis. PAI-1 expression is increased in both experimental APAP-induced liver injury and patients with acute liver failure. Prior studies have shown that PAI-1 prevents intrahepatic hemorrhage and mortality after APAP challenge, but the downstream mechanisms are not clear. We tested the hypothesis that PAI-1 limits liver-related morbidity after APAP challenge by reducing tPA-dependent fibrinolysis. Compared with APAP-challenged (300 mg/kg) wild-type mice, hepatic deposition of cross-linked fibrin was reduced, with intrahepatic congestion and hemorrhage increased in PAI-1-deficient mice 24 hours after APAP overdose. Administration of recombinant wild-type human PAI-1 reduced intrahepatic hemorrhage 24 hours after APAP challenge in PAI-1-/- mice, whereas a mutant PAI-1 lacking antiprotease function had no effect. Of interest, tPA deficiency alone did not affect APAP-induced liver damage. In contrast, fibrinolysis, intrahepatic congestion and hemorrhage, and mortality driven by PAI-1 deficiency were reduced in APAP-treated tPA-/-/PAI-1-/- double-knockout mice. The results identify PAI-1 as a critical regulator of intrahepatic fibrinolysis in experimental liver injury. Moreover, the results suggest that the balance between PAI-1 and tPA activity is an important determinant of liver pathology after APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Pant
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Anna K Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kevin S Baker
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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Yan M, Huo Y, Yin S, Hu H. Mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Redox Biol 2018; 17:274-283. [PMID: 29753208 PMCID: PMC6006912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure in many developed countries. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered to be the predominant cellular event in APAP-induced liver injury. Accordingly, N-acetyl cysteine, a known scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is recommended as an effective clinical antidote against APAP-induced acute liver injury (AILI) when it is given at an early phase; however, the narrow therapeutic window limits its use. Hence, the development of novel therapeutic approaches that can offer broadly protective effects against AILI is clearly needed. To this end, it is necessary to better understand the mechanisms of APAP hepatotoxicity. Up to now, in addition to mitochondrial oxidative stress, many other cellular processes, including phase I/phase II metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, sterile inflammation, microcirculatory dysfunction, and liver regeneration, have been identified to be involved in the pathogenesis of AILI, providing new targets for developing more effective therapeutic interventions against APAP-induced liver injury. In this review, we summarize intracellular and extracellular events involved in APAP hepatotoxicity, along with emphatic discussions on the possible therapeutic approaches targeting these different cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yazhen Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, National Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Abstract
Platelets are key players in thrombosis and hemostasis. Alterations in platelet count and function are common in liver disease, and may contribute to bleeding or thrombotic complications in liver diseases and during liver surgery. In addition to their hemostatic function, platelets may modulate liver diseases by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here, we present clinical evidence for a role of platelets in the progression of chronic and acute liver diseases, including cirrhosis, acute liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We also present clinical evidence that platelets promote liver regeneration following partial liver resection. Subsequently, we summarize studies in experimental animal models that support these clinical observations, and also highlight studies that are in contrast with clinical observations. The combined results of clinical and experimental studies suggest that platelets may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of liver injury and repair, but the gaps in our understanding of mechanisms involved in platelet-mediated modulation of liver diseases call for caution in clinical application of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton Lisman
- Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation and Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Apte U, Kaplowitz N. Heparan sulfate promotes recovery from acute liver injury: Inhibition of progressive cell death or enhanced regeneration? Hepatology 2017; 66:1381-1383. [PMID: 28718936 PMCID: PMC5841241 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Apte
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California
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47
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Kopec AK, Abrahams SR, Thornton S, Palumbo JS, Mullins ES, Divanovic S, Weiler H, Owens AP, Mackman N, Goss A, van Ryn J, Luyendyk JP, Flick MJ. Thrombin promotes diet-induced obesity through fibrin-driven inflammation. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3152-3166. [PMID: 28737512 DOI: 10.1172/jci92744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory and hypercoagulable state that drives cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and several cancers. Elevated thrombin activity underlies obesity-linked thromboembolic events, but the mechanistic links between the thrombin/fibrin(ogen) axis and obesity-associated pathologies are incompletely understood. In this work, immunohistochemical studies identified extravascular fibrin deposits within white adipose tissue and liver as distinct features of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) as well as obese patients. Fibγ390-396A mice carrying a mutant form of fibrinogen incapable of binding leukocyte αMβ2-integrin were protected from HFD-induced weight gain and elevated adiposity. Fibγ390-396A mice had markedly diminished systemic, adipose, and hepatic inflammation with reduced macrophage counts within white adipose tissue, as well as near-complete protection from development of fatty liver disease and glucose dysmetabolism. Homozygous thrombomodulin-mutant ThbdPro mice, which have elevated thrombin procoagulant function, gained more weight and developed exacerbated fatty liver disease when fed a HFD compared with WT mice. In contrast, treatment with dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, limited HFD-induced obesity development and suppressed progression of sequelae in mice with established obesity. Collectively, these data provide proof of concept that targeting thrombin or fibrin(ogen) may limit pathologies in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Department of Physiology, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - A Phillip Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley Goss
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joanne van Ryn
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro models of toxicity by comparison of toxicogenomics data with the literature. Methods 2017; 132:57-65. [PMID: 28716510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity affecting humans is studied by observing the effects of chemical substances in animal organisms (in vivo) or in animal and human cultivated cell lines (in vitro). Toxicogenomics studies collect gene expression profiles and histopathology assessment data for hundreds of drugs and pollutants in standardized experimental designs using different model systems. These data are an invaluable source for analyzing genome-wide drug response in biological systems. However, a problem remains that is how to evaluate the suitability of heterogeneous in vitro and in vivo systems to model the many different aspects of human toxicity. We propose here that a given model system (cell type or animal organ) is supported to appropriately describe a particular aspect of human toxicity if the set of compounds associated in the literature with that aspect of toxicity causes a change in expression of genes with a particular function in the tested model system. This approach provides candidate genes to explain the toxicity effect (the differentially expressed genes) and the compounds whose effect could be modeled (the ones producing both the change of expression in the model system and that are associated with the human phenotype in the literature). Here we present an application of this approach using a computational pipeline that integrates compound-induced gene expression profiles (from the Open TG-GATEs database) and biomedical literature annotations (from the PubMed database) to evaluate the suitability of (human and rat) in vitro systems as well as rat in vivo systems to model human toxicity.
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49
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Joshi N, Kopec AK, Ray JL, Cline-Fedewa H, Groeneveld DJ, Lisman T, Luyendyk JP. Von Willebrand factor deficiency reduces liver fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 328:54-59. [PMID: 28527913 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are associated with complex changes in the hemostatic system and elevated levels of the platelet-adhesive protein Von Willebrand factor (VWF) are reported in patients with acute and chronic liver damage. Although elevated levels of VWF are associated with fibrosis in the general population, the role of VWF in acute and chronic liver injury has not been examined in depth in experimental settings. We tested the hypothesis that VWF deficiency inhibits experimental liver injury and fibrosis. Wild-type (WT) and VWF-deficient mice were challenged with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and the impact of VWF deficiency on acute liver injury and chronic liver fibrosis was determined. VWF deficiency did not significantly affect acute CCl4-induced hepatocellular necrosis in mice. Chronic CCl4 challenge, twice weekly for 6weeks, significantly increased hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen deposition in livers of WT mice. Interestingly, hepatic induction of several profibrogenic and stellate cell activation genes was attenuated in VWF-deficient mice. Moreover, birefringent sirius red staining (indicating type I and III collagens) and type I collagen immunofluorescence indicated a reduction in hepatic collagen deposition in CCl4-exposed VWF-deficient mice compared to CCl4-exposed WT mice. The results indicate that VWF deficiency attenuates chronic CCl4-induced liver fibrosis without affecting acute hepatocellular necrosis. The results are the first to demonstrate that VWF deficiency reduces the progression of liver fibrosis, suggesting a mechanistic role of elevated plasma VWF levels in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Anna K Kopec
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jessica L Ray
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, United States
| | - Dafna J Groeneveld
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Lisman
- Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James P Luyendyk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, United States; Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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