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Wang F. Interleukin‑18 binding protein: Biological properties and roles in human and animal immune regulation (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:87. [PMID: 38665423 PMCID: PMC11040224 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural regulatory molecule of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18. It can regulate activity of IL-18 by high affinity binding. The present review aimed to highlight developments, characteristics and functions of IL-18BP. IL-18BP serves biological and anti-pathological roles in treating disease. In humans, it modulates progression of a number of chronic diseases, such as adult-onset Still's disease. The present review summarizes molecular structure, role of IL-18BP in disease and interaction with other proteins in important pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Animal Disease at the Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Huhhot 010018, P.R. China
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Landy E, Carol H, Ring A, Canna S. Biological and clinical roles of IL-18 in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:33-47. [PMID: 38081945 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Several new discoveries have revived interest in the pathogenic potential and possible clinical roles of IL-18. IL-18 is an IL-1 family cytokine with potent ability to induce IFNγ production. However, basic investigations and now clinical observations suggest a more complex picture. Unique aspects of IL-18 biology at the levels of transcription, activation, secretion, neutralization, receptor distribution and signalling help to explain its pleiotropic roles in mucosal and systemic inflammation. Blood biomarker studies reveal a cytokine for which profound elevation, associated with detectable 'free IL-18', defines a group of autoinflammatory diseases in which IL-18 dysregulation can be a primary driving feature, the so-called 'IL-18opathies'. This impressive specificity might accelerate diagnoses and identify patients amenable to therapeutic IL-18 blockade. Pathogenically, human and animal studies identify a preferential activation of CD8+ T cells over other IL-18-responsive lymphocytes. IL-18 agonist treatments that leverage the site of production or subversion of endogenous IL-18 inhibition show promise in augmenting immune responses to cancer. Thus, the unique aspects of IL-18 biology are finally beginning to have clinical impact in precision diagnostics, disease monitoring and targeted treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Landy
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hallie Carol
- Division of Rheumatology and Immune Dysregulation Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron Ring
- Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Scott Canna
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology and Immune Dysregulation Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The role of IL-36 subfamily in intestinal disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:223-230. [PMID: 35166319 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a subfamily, of the IL-1 super-family and includes IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-38 and IL-36Ra. IL-36 cytokines are involved in the pathology of multiple tissues, including skin, lung, oral cavity, intestine, kidneys and joints. Recent studies suggest that IL-36 signaling regulates autoimmune disease in addition to antibacterial and antiviral responses. Most research has focused on IL-36 in skin diseases such as psoriasis, however, studies on intestinal diseases are also underway. This review outlines what is known about the bioactivity of the IL-36 subfamily and its role in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, gut dysbacteriosis and infection, and proposes that IL-36 may be a target for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat intestinal diseases.
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Wang X, Yi P, Liang Y. The Role of IL-36 in Infectious Diseases: Potential Target for COVID-19? Front Immunol 2021; 12:662266. [PMID: 34054828 PMCID: PMC8155493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-36 is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family, which is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in our understanding of the inflammatory response. The immunological role of IL-36 has revealed its profound and indispensable functional roles in psoriasis, as well as in several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer. More recently, an increasing body of evidence suggests that IL-36 plays a crucial role in viral, bacterial and fungal infections. There is a growing interest as to whether IL-36 contributes to host protective immune responses against infection as well as the potential implications of IL-36 for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding cellular expression, regulatory mechanisms and biological roles of IL-36 in infectious diseases, which suggest more specific strategies to maneuver IL-36 as a diagnostic or therapeutic target, especially in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Successful DAA therapy for chronic hepatitis C reduces HLA-DR on monocytes and circulating immune mediators: A long-term follow-up study. Immunol Lett 2020; 228:15-23. [PMID: 32946919 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After DAA treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection, peripheral monocyte subsets from patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) reduced compared to healthy control. Improvement in inflammatory parameters and liver stiffness has been observed. However, little is known about the long-term impact of DAA treatment on peripheral monocyte subsets and immune mediators levels. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine peripheral monocyte subsets and immune mediators levels in Brazilian chronic HCV patients after long-term successful IFN-free SOF-based treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ monocytes and 27 immune mediators by flow cytometry and analysis of multiple secreted proteins assay, respectively, in monoinfected chronic HCV patients receiving IFN-free sofosbuvir-based regimens followed before treatment, at SVR and one year after the end of treatment (1y). RESULTS Twenty-one biomarkers decreased significantly at 1y and 55-80 % of patients this reduction at 1y. Experimented patients presented a greater modulation of immune mediators at 1y. HLA-DR expression significantly decreased on CD14++CD16- and CD14++CD16+ monocytes at 1y when compared to SVR. CONCLUSIONS Successful DAA therapy did not modify monocyte subsets frequency but reduced monocyte activation at 1y and sustained the downregulation and restoration of circulating immune mediators, indicating that long-term reversal of inflammation status could occur after HCV eradication.
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Kamio Y, Gunge Y, Koike Y, Kuwatsuka Y, Tsuruta K, Yanagihara K, Furue M, Murota H. Insight into innate immune response in "Yusho": The impact of natural killer cell and regulatory T cell on inflammatory prone diathesis of Yusho patients. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109415. [PMID: 32240844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1968 in western Japan, polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated "Kanemi rice oil" was used in cooking, causing food poisoning in many people. More than 50 years have passed since the Yusho incident, and although inflammatory disorders such as suppuration have been observed in Yusho patients, the etiology of this inflammation susceptibility remains obscure. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanisms of susceptibility to inflammation in Yusho patients, peripheral immune cell fractions and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in blood samples collected from both Yusho patients and age-matched healthy subjects undergoing medical examination in Nagasaki. METHODS To exclude diagnostic uncertainty, serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated quarterphenyl (PCQ), and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) were measured. Immune cell (e.g. natural killer and regulatory T cell) populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokines involved in immune cell activation were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The relative proportion of natural killer cells was higher in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects, while the proportion of regulatory T cells did not differ between groups. Serum concentrations of IL-36 and IFN-γ were significantly lower in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects. Conversely, serum cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which is a cytokine related to activated NK cells, was higher in Yusho patients than in healthy subjects and was positively correlated with PCDF blood levels. CONCLUSION Increased numbers of NK cells in Yusho patients suggests that the innate immune response has been activated in Yusho patients. The seemingly paradoxical results for CTLA-4 and IFN-γ may reflect counterbalancing mechanisms preventing excessive NK cell activation. This dysregulation of innate immunity might contribute to the inflammation observed in Yusho patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kamio
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, West Wing. 5F 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yumi Gunge
- Gunge Hospital, 1-9, Suehiro, Goto-shi, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Koike
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuwatsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tsuruta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, West Wing. 5F 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Mühl H, Bachmann M. IL-18/IL-18BP and IL-22/IL-22BP: Two interrelated couples with therapeutic potential. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109388. [PMID: 31401146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-22 are key components of cytokine networks that play a decisive role in (pathological) inflammation, host defense, and tissue regeneration. Tight regulation of cytokine-driven signaling, inflammation, and immunoactivation is supposed to enable nullification of a given deleterious trigger without mediating overwhelming collateral tissue damage or even activating a cancerous face of regeneration. In fact, feedback regulation by specific cytokine opponents is regarded as a major means by which the immune system is kept in balance. Herein, we shine a light on the interplay between IL-18 and IL-22 and their opponents IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-22BP in order to provide integrated information on their biology, pathophysiological significance, and prospect as targets and/or instruments of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Mühl
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Malte Bachmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Zhang ZH, Wang H, Zhang DN, Zhu GZ. Notch signaling suppresses CD14 + monocytes cells activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. APMIS 2019; 127:642-652. [PMID: 31274210 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection always leads to chronic hepatitis via dysregulation of host immunity. Notch signaling also modulates the response of monocytes/macrophages. Thus, we aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Notch signaling to CD14+ monocytes. Forty patients with chronic hepatitis C and twenty normal controls (NC) were enrolled. CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral bloods. Notch receptors' mRNA expression in CD14+ monocytes was semi-quantified by real-time PCR. Cytokine production by CD14+ monocytes in response to γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) was investigated by ELISA. GSI-induced CD14+ monocytes activity to HCV clearance in Huh7.5 cells and to CD4+ T cell differentiation was also assessed in direct and indirect contact co-culture system. Notch1 mRNA relative level was approximately 10-fold elevated in CD14+ monocytes from chronic hepatitis C patients when compared with NC. GSI stimulation resulted in enhanced cytokines production by CD14+ monocytes from chronic hepatitis C patients. GSI-stimulated CD14+ monocytes from chronic hepatitis C patients induced suppression of HCV RNA replication in both direct and indirect contact co-culture system of CD14+ monocytes and HCVcc-infected Huh7.5 cells, and this process was accompanied by elevation of interferon-γ production but not increased target cell death. Moreover, GSI stimulation also enhanced CD14+ monocytes-induced Th1 and Th17 cells activation, and this process required direct cell-to-cell contact. Effective antiviral therapy down-regulated Notch1 mRNA expression and promoted cytokine production by CD14+ monocytes from chronic hepatitis C. Current data revealed an important immunoregulatory property of Notch signaling to CD14+ monocytes in chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dong-Na Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-Ze Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Shabrish S, Kelkar M, Chavan N, Desai M, Bargir U, Gupta M, Mehta P, Chichra A, S C, Taur P, Saxena V, Vundinti BR, Madkaikar M. Natural Killer Cell Degranulation Defect: A Cause for Impaired NK-Cell Cytotoxicity and Hyperinflammation in Fanconi Anemia Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:490. [PMID: 30949167 PMCID: PMC6438155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited syndrome characterized by progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), abnormal skin pigmentation, short stature, and increased cancer risk. BMF in FA is multifactorial and largely results from the death of hematopoietic stem cells due to genomic instability. Also, inflammatory pathology in FA has been previously reported, however the mechanism is still not clear. In literature, decreased NK-cell count and/or impaired NK-cell activity, along with other immunological abnormalities have been described in FA-patients (1). However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing a defective degranulation mechanism leading to abnormal NK-cell cytotoxicity in FA-patients, which may explain the development of a hyperinflammatory response in these patients. This may predispose some patients to develop Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) which manifests with prolonged fever, progressive cytopenias and organomegaly. Early diagnosis and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy in these patients will help to better manage these patients. We also propose FA genes to be listed as a cause of familial HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shabrish
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Iummunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhura Kelkar
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Iummunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Niranjan Chavan
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Iummunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Mukesh Desai
- Division of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Umair Bargir
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Iummunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Maya Gupta
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Iummunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Chandrakala S
- Department of Haematology, Seth G. S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Taur
- Division of Immunology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Vinay Saxena
- National Institute of Virology, Mumbai Unit, Haffkine Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Iummunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, National Institute of Iummunohematology (ICMR), KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Jiang W, Wu DB, Fu SY, Chen EQ, Tang H, Zhou TY. Insight into the role of TRAIL in liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:641-645. [PMID: 30544063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential antitumor protein known for its ability to selectively eliminate various types of tumor cells without exerting toxic effects in normal cells and tissues. TRAIL has recently been suggested as a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because it promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, studies on the role of TRAIL in liver injury have reported that TRAIL plays an essential role in viral hepatitis, fatty liver diseases, etc. However, several contradictory and confounding effects of TRAIL in these liver diseases have not been fully elucidated or placed into perspective. Hence, this review summarizes recent progress in studies on TRAIL, including its role in apoptotic signaling, potential therapeutic applications of TRAIL in HCC, hepatitis virus infection, and liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong-Bo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Fu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao-You Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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11
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Yang Y, Tu ZK, Liu XK, Zhang P. Mononuclear phagocyte system in hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4962-4973. [PMID: 30510371 PMCID: PMC6262249 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i44.4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), which consists of monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages, plays a vital role in the innate immune defense against pathogens. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is efficient in evading the host immunity, thereby facilitating its development into chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end-stage liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquired immune response was regarded as the key factor to eradicate HCV. However, innate immunity can regulate the acquired immune response. Innate immunity-derived cytokines shape the adaptive immunity by regulating T-cell differentiation, which determines the outcome of acute HCV infection. Inhibition of HCV-specific T-cell responses is one of the most important strategies for immune system evasion. It is meaningful to illustrate the role of innate immune response in HCV infection. With the MPS being the important factor in innate immunity, therefore, understanding the role of the MPS in HCV infection will shed light on the pathophysiology of chronic HCV infection. In this review, we outline the impact of HCV infection on the MPS and cytokine production. We discuss how HCV is detected by the MPS and describe the function and impairment of MPS components in HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xing-Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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12
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Gong Y, Tingxi Z, Qing L, Guozhen Z, Bing T, Xiaoliang Y, Yan W, Wenjuan J, Yan X, Hui L, Xue H, Zebo Y. Elevated production of IL-36α in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients correlates with viral load. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:412-415. [PMID: 29170040 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a typical inflammatory disease characterized by a dysregulated expression of cytokines, which contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. IL-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra) are important players in infection and immunity. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of chronic HBV infection remain unknown. Here the circulating concentrations of IL-36 cytokines from 50 CHB patients and 30 healthy controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera concentrations of IL-36α were found to be significantly elevated in CHB patients, while the concentrations of IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra were not significantly different in comparison to healthy donors. Furthermore, increased IL-36α concentrations correlated positively with HBV-DNA levels in CHB patients. Our study suggests that IL-36α production was up-regulated during CHB infection, which could be directly related to HBV-DNA loads in CHB patients. The immunoregulatory role of IL-36α in the pathogenesis of chronic HBV infection should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan Tingxi
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Qing
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Guozhen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tan Bing
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiaoliang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jue Wenjuan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Hui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Xue
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zebo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Mondelli MU. Do Liver Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells Delay Hepatitis C Progression, or Are They Innocent Bystanders? Gastroenterology 2017; 153:1185-1187. [PMID: 28987421 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario U Mondelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, and Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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