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Choi G, Song KS, Nimse SB, Kim T. Development of a DNA-Based Lateral Flow Strip Membrane Assay for Rapid Screening and Genotyping of Six High-Incidence STD Pathogens. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:260. [PMID: 38785734 PMCID: PMC11118844 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a global concern because approximately 1 million new cases emerge daily. Most STDs are curable, but if left untreated, they can cause severe long-term health implications, including infertility and even death. Therefore, a test enabling rapid and accurate screening and genotyping of STD pathogens is highly awaited. Herein, we present the development of the DNA-based 6STD Genotyping 9G Membrane test, a lateral flow strip membrane assay, for the detection and genotyping of six STD pathogens, including Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma genitalium. Here, we developed a multiplex PCR primer set that allows PCR amplification of genomic materials for these six STD pathogens. We also developed the six ssDNA probes that allow highly efficient detection of the six STD pathogens. The 6STD Genotyping 9G Membrane test lets us obtain the final detection and genotyping results in less than 30 m after PCR at 25 °C. The accuracy of the 6STD Genotyping 9G membrane test in STD genotyping was confirmed by its 100% concordance with the sequencing results of 120 clinical samples. Therefore, the 6STD Genotyping 9G Membrane test emerges as a promising diagnostic tool for precise STD genotyping, facilitating informed decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunho Choi
- Biometrix Technology, Inc., 2-2 Bio Venture Plaza 56, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (G.C.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Keum-Soo Song
- Biometrix Technology, Inc., 2-2 Bio Venture Plaza 56, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea; (G.C.); (K.-S.S.)
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Taisun Kim
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Ehrnström B, Haugan MS, Andreasen JB, Ellingsen A. Immunocompromised teenager with meningitis caused by Ureaplasma parvum. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e257261. [PMID: 38453229 PMCID: PMC10921514 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection in the immunocompromised patient is often challenging on multiple levels. It can be difficult to distinguish between manifestations of the underlying disease, infection or malignancy. Symptoms may be vague or even absent, deviations in the common inflammatory parameters discrete, imaging findings scarce and the causative microbe may be a true pathogen as well as opportunistic. Here, we report an immunosuppressed female in her late teens with a purulent meningitis due to Ureaplasma parvum-a very rare cause of infection in the central nervous system of adults. We wish to highlight the relevance of intracellular pathogens and the need to actively search for these microbes, especially when response to broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is absent. Furthermore, we emphasise the need for adequate molecular microbial diagnostics in search of microbes that are difficult to identify by culture and where serology and antigen tests may be absent or unreliable due to immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Ehrnström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Schei Haugan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jo Bønding Andreasen
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Thoracic Intensive Care Unit, Aalborg Universitetshospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Ellingsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Dichtl K, Osterman A, Forster J, Jakob L, Suerbaum S, Flaig MJ, Schubert S, Wagener J. A retrospective evaluation of the Euroarray STI-11 multiplex system for the detection of eight STI causing agents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11382. [PMID: 37452127 PMCID: PMC10349140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38121-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With an incidence of more than > 1,000,000/day, sexually transmitted diseases remain a major challenge for health care systems worldwide. To reduce disease burden, complications, and spread, rapid diagnosis permitting early therapy is pivotal. The range of pathogens is wide and co-infections are common. This complicates pre-analytics, which are based on different laboratory techniques with potentially long turnaround times, e.g., cultivation and multistep serologies. Multiplex PCR provides the opportunity to overcome these limitations. In this study, we evaluated a novel assay, the Euroarray STI-11 microarray (EA; Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika), for the detection of eight obligate or facultative pathogens. Three-hundred-thirteen clinical specimens, which had been tested and pre-characterized for STI causing agents as part of routine diagnostics, were used as cases and controls in this retrospective study. The EA detected 34/44 Chlamydia trachomatis, 48/50 HSV-1, 50/50 HSV-2, 48/48 Mycoplasma hominis, 45/47 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 9/11 Treponema pallidum, 46/46 Ureaplasma parvum, and 49/49 Ureaplasma urealyticum infections, respectively. 293 samples were EA positive, with polymicrobial infections (positive for two to six microbial or viral agents) detected in 130/293 cases. Specificities were 100% in the respective control groups (n = 18-48 depending on targeted pathogen) except for N. gonorrhoeae (25/26) and U. urealyticum (44/45). The broad spectrum of obligate and facultative pathogens targeted by the EA makes it a valuable tool in the setting of STI diagnostics and surveillance. The test has the potential to diagnose diseases neglected or overlooked in routine clinical practice. Besides a low sensitivity for C. trachomatis, the EA demonstrated high performance for all analyzed parameters. Further studies are warranted in order to capture a larger variety of the tested pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Dichtl
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Osterman
- Lehrstuhl für Virologie, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, LMU München, Medizinische Fakultät, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Forster
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Jakob
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Flaig
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sören Schubert
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Wagener
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Max von Pettenkofer-Institut, Medizinische Fakultät, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital Campus, Dublin, Ireland.
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Rosário A, Sousa A, Varandas T, Marinho-Dias J, Medeiros R, Martins G, Monteiro P, Sousa H. Impact of cervicovaginal microbiome on the risk of cervical abnormalities development. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28762. [PMID: 37212334 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome has emerged as potentially influencing the natural history of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their clinical impact. We aimed to characterize the vaginal microbiome in samples from 807 high-risk HPVs (Hr-HPV) positive women with a mean age of 41.45 ± 10.79 years who participated in the Regional Cervical Cancer Screening Program from the Northern Region of Portugal. Microbiome analysis was performed with commercial kits for the detection of 21 microorganisms. The most frequent microorganisms were Ureaplasma parvum (52.5%), Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) (34.5%), Atopobium vaginae (AV) (32.6%), Lacto (30.7%), and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) (23.5%). The distribution according to age reveals that MH, Mega1, GV, BVab2, AV, and Mob were more prevalent in women older than 41 years of age (p < 0.050), while Lacto is significantly decreased in this group (23.5% vs. 39.4%, p < 0.001; RR = 0.47). The risk analysis showed that Hr-HPV-16/-18 and Hr-HPV-9val genotypes are associated with an increased risk of developing cervical abnormalities, while Lacto (p < 0.001; odd ratio [OR] = 0.33), GV (p = 0.0111; OR = 0.41), AV (p = 0.033; OR = 0.53) and Mob (p = 0.022; OR = 0.29) are associated with protection. Similar results were found for the risk of development atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Overall, the multivariate analysis confirmed that lactobacillus and bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (GV, AV, and Mob) are associated with protection against the development of cervical abnormalities. This study provides important data to be included in the future management of risk stratification for Hr-HPV-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Rosário
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sousa
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Health Sciences, Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Varandas
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Marinho-Dias
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPCC-NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Martins
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Monteiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Anatomic Pathology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sousa
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Early Phase Clinical Trial Unit, Clinical Research Unit, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Saúde - ISAVE, Amares, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Entre Douro e Vouga EPE, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
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Abad S, Neira E, Viñansaca L, Escandón S, Neira VA. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Asymptomatic Women from Urban-Peripheral and Rural Populations of Cuenca, Ecuador. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:646-654. [PMID: 36136820 PMCID: PMC9498753 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a serious public health issue due to their high prevalence and a substantial percentage of women being asymptomatic. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of three STD-causative pathogens in asymptomatic women from Southern Ecuador, with the ultimate purpose of updating the epidemiological data and obtaining a timely diagnosis, which can prevent further complications. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 102 asymptomatic women from Cuenca, Ecuador, who underwent a cervical cytology examination. They met all the inclusion criteria and signed the consent form. Nucleic acids were extracted from each sample, and PCR and flow-through hybridization were performed to detect the pathogens responsible for three STDs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to define and describe the study population, obtain the frequency data, and measure central tendencies to determine possible associations among the variables. Results: We found that 49.02% of the participants were infected with at least one of the three microorganisms, with 48.04% and 2.94% carrying Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), respectively. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection was not observed. Among the participants, 1.96% presented co-infections with CT and UU. Approximately half of the participants presented with asymptomatic infections caused by at least one microorganism. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of conducting regular STD screening programs for high-risk asymptomatic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Abad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Azuay, Cuenca 010104, Ecuador
| | - Elizavet Neira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Azuay, Cuenca 010104, Ecuador
| | - Lourdes Viñansaca
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador
| | - Samuel Escandón
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador
| | - Vivian Alejandra Neira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Azuay, Cuenca 010104, Ecuador
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Cuenca, Cuenca 010203, Ecuador
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +593-74091000
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Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa C, Regina Agbakoba N, Blanche Oguejiofor C, Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo I. Sequence analysis reveals asymptomatic infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum possibly leads to infertility in females: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2022; 19:951-958. [PMID: 34977452 PMCID: PMC8717075 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic evidence of asymptomatic Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not been applied. Objective This study aimed to explore the occurrence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum in the genital tract of females with asymptomatic infection and infertility as well as determine their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods The study group included 100 asymptomatic females and 31 females diagnosed with infertility. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene following DNA extraction was performed directly from endo-cervical swabs. Phylogenetic analysis established the genetic linkage between the isolates from both groups. Results In asymptomatic females, M. hominis and U. urealyticum were detected with a prevalence of 8% and 2% respectively. Among females with infertility, the prevalence was 6.45% and 3.23% for M. hominis and U. urealyticum respectively. In both groups, M. hominis occurred significantly more frequently. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters in both groups: two with already characterized M. hominis and Ureaplasma species (28.6% of the overall Mycoplasma spp.) and one distinct cluster matched with U. urealyticum. Furthermore, all M. hominis from asymptomatic females clustered significantly with infertility contrary to U. urealyticum. The M. hominis cluster was significantly linked to two strains from China. Conclusion The sequence analysis of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in the genital tract of asymptomatic and infertile females showed significant association; therefore, it is paramount to consider them as possible etiologic agents of infertility and genital infection, especially when the etiology of infertility is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Caleb University Lagos, Nigeria
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Hernández-Rosas F, Rey-Barrera M, Conejo-Saucedo U, Orozco-Hernández E, Maza-Sánchez L, Navarro-Vidal E, López-Vera Y, Ascencio-Gordillo MDC, de León-Bautista MP. Monitoring Sexually Transmitted Infections in Cervicovaginal Exfoliative Samples in Mexican Women. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121618. [PMID: 34959573 PMCID: PMC8703509 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Globally, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a major cause of morbidity in sexually active individuals, having complications in reproduction health and quality of life. In concordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV, and Mycoplasma spp. from cervicovaginal samples and to correlate them with the gynecological history of the patients. Methods. Our analytical, prospective, and cross-sectional study included 377 women who participated in a reproductive health campaign during 2015–2016. Anthropometric and gynecological variables were obtained. Cervicovaginal specimens were collected and analyzed with a multiplex in-house PCR to detect Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia trachomatis. Results. The positive cases were 175/377 (46.4%) to at least one of the microorganisms. The most frequent pathogen detected in this population was Ureaplasma spp. (n = 111, 29.4%), followed by Mycoplasma spp. (n = 56, 14.9%) and Candida spp. (n = 47, 12.5%); 33.7% of the positive cases were single infections, whereas 12.7% had coinfection. The multiplex PCR assay was designed targeting nucleotide sequences. Conclusions. Our data demonstrated that monitoring STIs among asymptomatic patients will encourage target programs to be more precisely and effectively implemented, as well as make these programs more affordable, to benefit society by decreasing the prevalence of STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulises Conejo-Saucedo
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Erika Orozco-Hernández
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Liliana Maza-Sánchez
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Enrique Navarro-Vidal
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Yasmín López-Vera
- Hospital de la Mujer de la Secretaría de Salud de Michoacán, Morelia 58295, Mexico; (Y.L.-V.); (M.d.C.A.-G.)
| | | | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia 58090, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Whelan J, Abbing-Karahagopian V, Serino L, Unemo M. Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1152. [PMID: 34763670 PMCID: PMC8582208 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06381-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic gonorrhoea prevalence assessments in the general population or proxies thereof (including pregnant women, women attending family planning clinics, military recruits, and men undergoing employment physicals for example) and in population groups at increased risk, including men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) and sex workers. METHOD We evaluated reported prevalence data, including estimates from proxy general population samples to reflect the WHO recommendations. We describe the outcomes from the general population country-by-country and extend previous reviews to include MSM, sex workers, and extragenital infections. RESULT AND CONCLUSION In our systematic search, 2015 titles were reviewed (January 2010-April 2019) and 174 full-text publications were included. National, population-based prevalence data were identified in only four countries (the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Peru, New Caledonia) and local population-based estimates were reported in areas within five countries (China, South Africa, Brazil, Benin, and Malawi). The remaining studies identified only reported test positivity from non-probability, proxy general population samples. Due to the diversity of the reviewed studies, detailed comparison across studies was not possible. In MSM, data were identified from 64 studies in 25 countries. Rectal infection rates were generally higher than urogenital or pharyngeal infection rates, where extragenital testing was conducted. Data on sex workers were identified from 41 studies in 23 countries; rates in female sex workers were high. Current prevalence monitoring was shown to be highly suboptimal worldwide. Serial prevalence monitoring of critical epidemiological variables, and guidelines to optimize prevalence study conduct and reporting beyond antenatal settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Whelan
- Clinical and Epidemiology Research and Development, GSK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Laura Serino
- Clinical and Epidemiology Research and Development, GSK, Siena, Italy
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Baek JC, Jo HC, Lee SM, Park JE, Cho IA, Sung JH. Prevalence of Pathogens and Other Microorganisms in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Vulvovaginal Symptoms: A Retrospective Study in a Single Institute in South Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060577. [PMID: 34199976 PMCID: PMC8229179 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vaginitis causes vulvovaginal symptoms, including itching, irritation, vaginal discharge, burning, or foul odor. It is one of the most common diseases encountered in gynecologic practice. Hypoestrogenism due to menopause has a considerable negative effect on vaginal health and leads to changes in the vaginal pH and vaginal microflora, which are related to a change in the causes and microorganisms of vaginitis. Thus the aim here was to investigate the prevalence of pathogens and other microorganisms in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal symptoms, using an STD 12-Multiplex real-time PCR test and routine culture of vaginal discharge. Materials and Methods: From January 2018 to December 2019, records of patients diagnosed with vaginitis at Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The premenopausal and postmenopausal subjects were categorized into Group A and Group B, respectively. and the data of symptoms, general characteristics, and results of both STD 12-Multiplex real-time PCR test and routine culture of vaginal discharge were retrieved. Results: On the STD 12-Multiplex real-time PCR test, Gardnerella vaginalis was the most common microorganism in both groups. Ureaplasma parvum was the second most common one, followed by Candida speceies. On the routine culture of vaginal discharge, Escherichia coli was the most common aerobic bacterial microorganism in both groups, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS). There was no significant difference between the two groups. Pathogens and other microorganisms of patients with vulvovaginal symptoms that showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups were Ureaplasa parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticulum, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of pathogens and other microorganisms in menopausal women with vulvovaginal symptoms did not show a significant difference from premenopausal women. Therefore, management strategies for patients with vulvovaginal symptoms should be developed through accurate diagnosis using appropriate diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chul Baek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea; (J.-C.B.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Hyen-Chul Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea; (J.-C.B.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-214-3780; Fax: +82-55-214-3253
| | - Seon-Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea; (J.-C.B.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 11, Samjeongja-ro, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea; (J.-C.B.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-E.P.)
| | - In-Ae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea;
| | - Joo-Hyun Sung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Jinju 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea;
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10
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Plummer EL, Vodstrcil LA, Bodiyabadu K, Murray GL, Doyle M, Latimer RL, Fairley CK, Payne M, Chow EPF, Garland SM, Bradshaw CS. Are Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum associated with specific genital symptoms and clinical signs in non-pregnant women? Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:659-668. [PMID: 33502501 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence supporting an association between Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum and symptoms or disease in non-pregnant women. However, testing and reporting of these organisms frequently occurs, in-part due to their inclusion in multiplex-PCR assays for sexually transmitted infection (STI) detection. We investigated if M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum were associated with symptoms and/or signs in non-pregnant women attending a sexual health service. METHODS Eligible women attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre completed a questionnaire regarding sexual practices and symptoms. Symptomatic women underwent examination. Women were assessed for bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and tested for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum, and four non-viral STIs using a commercial multiplex-PCR. RESULTS 1,272 women were analysed. After adjusting for STIs and VVC, M. hominis was associated with abnormal vaginal discharge (aOR=2.70, 95%CI:1.92-3.79), vaginal malodour (aOR=4.27, 95%CI:3.08-5.91), vaginal pH>4.5 (aOR=4.27, 95%CI:3.22-5.66) and presence of clue cells (aOR=8.08, 95%CI:5.68-11.48). Ureaplasma spp. were not associated with symptoms/signs. BV was strongly associated with M. hominis (aOR=8.01, 95%CI:5.99-10.71), but was not associated with either Ureaplasma spp. In stratified analyses, M. hominis was associated with self-reported vaginal malodour and clinician-recorded vaginal discharge in women with BV, but not with symptoms/signs in women without BV. CONCLUSION Only M. hominis was associated with symptoms/signs, and these were manifestations of BV. Importantly, M. hominis was not associated with symptoms/signs in women without BV. These findings do not support routine testing for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum in non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Plummer
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lenka A Vodstrcil
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kaveesha Bodiyabadu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Women's Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- SpeeDx Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gerald L Murray
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Women's Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michelle Doyle
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rosie L Latimer
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Eric P F Chow
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Women's Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Catriona S Bradshaw
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Güralp O, Bostancı A, Özerkman Başaran E, Schild-Suhren M, Kaya B. Evaluation of the prevalence of sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens in Northern Cyprus by nucleic acid amplification tests, and investigation of the relationship between these pathogens and cervicitis. Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 16:242-248. [PMID: 32231855 PMCID: PMC7090263 DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2019.80269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of pathogens, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea and Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Ureaplasma parvum in women via multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Materials and Methods: Cervical swabs of 273 women in reproductive age who underwent gynecologic examination in our outpatient clinic were evaluated using the multiplex-PCR-DNA method. The presence of cervicitis, contraceptive methods, marital status, and the number of partners were evaluated. Results: One hundred six (39%) of the 273 women had at least one bacterium, 25 women (9.8%) had two bacteria, and three women (1%) had three bacteria. U. urealyticum was the most frequently encountered bacterium (13.9%), followed by M. hominis (12.8%), U. parvum (12.4%), C. trachomatis (5.4%), M. genitalium (2.9%), N. gonorrhea (2.5%), and T. vaginalis (0.3%). Bacterial infection was detected more frequently in women aged <25 years, single, who had multiple partners, and clinically diagnosed with cervicitis. The cervicitis rate was 39% in our study. M. genitalium was significantly more frequent in women with cervicitis than in women without cervicitis (5.6 vs. 1.2%, p=0.005). C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea, which are often associated with cervicitis, were comparable in women with and without cervicitis. Conclusion: Women with clinically diagnosed cervicitis or even with a normal-appearing cervix should be tested using multiplex-real-time PCR-nucleic-acidamplification tests on suspicion of such an infection. M. genitalium is an emerging bacterial agent for cervicitis along with C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Güralp
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ayşegül Bostancı
- Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lefkosa-TRNC, Turkey
| | - Esra Özerkman Başaran
- Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Lefkosa-TRNC, Turkey
| | - Meike Schild-Suhren
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Barış Kaya
- Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
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12
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Alotaibi HJ, Almajhdi FN, Alsaleh AN, Obeid DA, Khayat HH, Al-Muammer TA, Tulbah AM, Alfageeh MB, Al-Ahdal MN, Alhamlan FS. Association of sexually transmitted infections and human papillomavirus co-infection with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1587-1595. [PMID: 32489299 PMCID: PMC7253883 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent of cervical and other cancers. Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) may play a crucial role in HPV persistence, leading to serious complications, including cervical cancer. This study investigated the association of HPV/STI co-infection in cervical samples with cervical dysplasia among women in Saudi Arabia. HPV-positive cervical samples (n = 142) were obtained from previous studies and newly collected samples (n = 209) were obtained from women aged 19–83 years. For HPV detection and genotyping, PCR and Genoflow HPV assay kits were used. STIs were detected using a Genoflow STD array kit. Of 351 samples, 94 (27%) were positive for STIs. Among HPV-positive samples, 36 (25%) were positive for STIs; the most common pathogens were Ureaplasma urealyticum/Ureaplasma parvu (13%) and Mycoplasma hominis (6%). A global significant correlation was detected between HPV and STIs with progression of abnormal cervical cytology (χ2 = 176, P < 0.0001). Associations between cervical cytology diagnosis and HPV status, STI types (opportunistic and pathogenic), and the presence of Ureaplasma spp., and Mycoplasma hominis were significant (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that additional study in a larger population is warranted to determine the association between HPV/STI co-infection and cervical neoplasia in Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Alotaibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F N Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A N Alsaleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Obeid
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H H Khayat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T A Al-Muammer
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Tulbah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M B Alfageeh
- Infectious Diseases Program, National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M N Al-Ahdal
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F S Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Park JH, Kim N, Shin S, Roh EY, Yoon JH, Park H. Prevalence and correlated factors of sexually transmitted infections among women attending a Korean sexual assault center. J Forensic Leg Med 2020; 71:101935. [PMID: 32342905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-term observation of the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is unclear in sexual assault victims (SAVs).We aimed to identify the trends in the prevalence of STIs in SAVs and factors correlated with STIs. Between January 2010 and May 2019, a retrospective observational study was conducted in a regional sexual assault center in Seoul. Data were collected from sexual assault questionnaires and laboratory results. PCR for STIs, including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), was performed via vaginal swab. Associations between STIs and covariates were examined by logistic regression. A total of 1843 SAVs were included, and 60.2% were positive for at least one STI. UU was the dominant agent (32.6%), followed by MH (27.7%) and CT (17.4%). The annual positivity rate ofMH showed a significant decreasing trend (tau = -0.600, P value = 0.020). The highest positivity rate of STI by age group was 68.0% (282/415) in the 15-19 years of age group. Age (OR = 0.951, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.934-0.968) and pyuria (OR = 1.898, 95% CI = 1.543-2.329) were associated with clinically important STIs (NG, CT and TV). The prevalence of STIs in SAVs was consistently high over 10 years, and most STIs were more prevalent in SAVs than in the general population. Presumptive treatment is still needed, especially for young SAVs with pyuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Namhee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Borama-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Borama-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Eun Youn Roh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Borama-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Borama-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20, Borama-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
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14
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Hu XM, Xu JX, Jiang LX, Deng LR, Gu ZM, Xie XY, Ji HC, Wang WH, Li LM, Tian CN, Song FL, Huang S, Zheng L, Zhong TY. Design and Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR Melting Curve Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Nine Sexually Transmitted Disease Pathogens in Genitourinary Secretions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:382. [PMID: 31781517 PMCID: PMC6861374 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a major cause of infertility, long-term disability, ectopic pregnancy, and premature birth. Therefore, the development of fast and low-cost laboratory STD diagnostic screening methods will contribute to reducing STD-induced reproductive tract damage and improve women's health worldwide. In this study, we evaluated a novel multiplex real-time PCR melting curve assay method for the simultaneous detection of 9 STD pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, and herpes simplex virus. Methods: The analytical performance of the method, including its limit of detection (LOD), specificity, repeatability, and effect on different DNA extraction kits were evaluated. Additionally, we obtained 1,328 clinical specimens from 3 hospitals to detect the 9 STD pathogens using multiplex real-time PCR melting curve and Sanger sequencing, to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and consistency of the assay method. Results: The results showed that the analytical sensitivity of the novel multiplex real-time PCR melting curve assay is very excellent, with LOD of DNA corresponding to <200 copies/μL for the DNA of the 9 STDs and 1.00 × 104 color change unit /ml for those of UU and UP. Additionally, this assay demonstrated excellent analytical specificity, excellent repeatability, and its results had no effect of different DNA extraction kits. The performance, in terms of sensitivity (91.06-100%) and specificity (99.14-100%), was remarkable, since the consistency between it and Sanger sequencing was more than 0.85 in the clinic. Conclusion: The novel multiplex real-time PCR melting curve assay method has high sensitivity and specificity, relatively low cost, and simple to use for the simultaneous detection of 9 STD pathogens in genitourinary secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Xia Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Xia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lian-Rui Deng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen-Mei Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hui-Cai Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Li-Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Nan Tian
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang-Li Song
- Jiangxi Shiningmed Medical Technology Ltd., Ganzhou, China
| | - Shao Huang
- Jiangxi Shiningmed Medical Technology Ltd., Ganzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Precision Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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15
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Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, Chico RM, Smolak A, Newman L, Gottlieb S, Thwin SS, Broutet N, Taylor MM. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 97:548-562P. [PMID: 31384073 PMCID: PMC6653813 DOI: 10.2471/blt.18.228486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of urogenital infection with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis in women and men, aged 15-49 years, in 2016. METHODS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis, we systematically searched for studies conducted between 2009 and 2016 reporting prevalence. We also consulted regional experts. To generate estimates, we used Bayesian meta-analysis. For syphilis, we aggregated the national estimates generated by using Spectrum-STI. FINDINGS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and/or trichomoniasis, 130 studies were eligible. For syphilis, the Spectrum-STI database contained 978 data points for the same period. The 2016 global prevalence estimates in women were: chlamydia 3.8% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 3.3-4.5); gonorrhoea 0.9% (95% UI: 0.7-1.1); trichomoniasis 5.3% (95% UI:4.0-7.2); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). In men prevalence estimates were: chlamydia 2.7% (95% UI: 1.9-3.7); gonorrhoea 0.7% (95% UI: 0.5-1.1); trichomoniasis 0.6% (95% UI: 0.4-0.9); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). Total estimated incident cases were 376.4 million: 127.2 million (95% UI: 95.1-165.9 million) chlamydia cases; 86.9 million (95% UI: 58.6-123.4 million) gonorrhoea cases; 156.0 million (95% UI: 103.4-231.2 million) trichomoniasis cases; and 6.3 million (95% UI: 5.5-7.1 million) syphilis cases. CONCLUSION Global estimates of prevalence and incidence of these four curable sexually transmitted infections remain high. The study highlights the need to expand data collection efforts at country level and provides an initial baseline for monitoring progress of the World Health Organization global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Rowley
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Vander Hoorn
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Matthew Chico
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Alex Smolak
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lori Newman
- Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Infections Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Sami Gottlieb
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Soe Soe Thwin
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Melanie M Taylor
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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16
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Lopez-Arias M, Vazquez-Jimenez S, Martinez-Abundis E, Gomez-Crisostomo NP, Chavez-Blanco A, Contreras-Paredes A, De la Cruz-Hernandez E. Genital association of human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in Mexican women with precancerous lesions. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:969-977. [PMID: 31284837 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419855508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The genital colonization of certain Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. has been associated with an increased the risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus. However, its association with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes is not entirely clear, and the prevalence of such coinfections in cervical precancerous lesions has been poorly explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in 258 women recruited during their routine gynecological inspection at an outpatient clinic in Tabasco, Mexico. Among the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. evaluated in the present study, the highest peak of prevalence was attributed to Ureaplasma parvum (32.9%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (6.6%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.8%). The overall prevalence rates of papillomavirus DNA and high-risk human papillomavirus were 25.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The overall association showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum correlated significantly with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. According to the cytological results, the distribution of coinfection with high-risk human papillomavirus and U. urealyticum did not show significant differences with respect to severity of cervical lesions. Conversely, the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with M. hominis was more frequent in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ( P = 0.037).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Arias
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vazquez-Jimenez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Abundis
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Nancy P Gomez-Crisostomo
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- 2 Laboratory of Epigenetics, Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- 3 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Biology of Oncogenic Virus Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick De la Cruz-Hernandez
- 1 Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco City, Tabasco, Mexico
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17
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Favalli C, Favaro M, Santi F, Piperno M, D'Agostini C, Ciotti M. Performance Evaluation of a New Culture Colorimetric Detection Assay. Eurasian J Med 2019; 51:5-7. [PMID: 30911247 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.17364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the performance of the culture colorimetric detection assay MYCO WELL D-ONE® (MWD-ONE), designed to detect sexually transmitted infections using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a reference method. Materials and Methods One hundred and ten urogenital samples were screened for Gardnerella vaginalis (GV), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU)/Ureaplasma parvum (UP) using the MWD-ONE and real-time PCR assays Gardnerella vaginalis/Lactobacillus species Real-TM Quant and Anyplex II STI-7 Detection, respectively. Results GV was detected in 33 samples by both the MWD-ONE and real-time PCR, while 6 samples gave discordant results. TV was detected by both MWD-ONE and Anyplex II STI-7 Detection kits in 3 samples, while 107 were negative. MH was detected by both methods in 5 cases, 4 samples gave discordant results, and 101 were negative. Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) was detected by Anyplex II STI-7 in 2 cases, 1 of which was detected as Mycoplasma spp. by MWD-ONE. Ten samples were positive by MWD-ONE, and 98 were negative with both assays. With regard to UU/UP, 24 cases were detected by MWD-ONE and Anyplex PCR, 25 by PCR only, 4 by MWD-ONE, and 57 tested negative with both methods.The positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of the MWD-ONE assay for the pathogens tested were as following: GV, PPV 94.3%, NPV 94.7%; TV, PPV and NPV 100%; MH, PPV 71.4%, NPV 98.1%; Mycoplasma spp., PPV 9.1%, NPV 98.9%; and Ureaplasma spp., PPV 85.7 %, NPV 69.5 %. The agreement between the MWD-ONE and PCR was strong for GV and MH (k=0.8 and 0.7, respectively); perfect for TV (k=1); and moderate for UU/UP (k=0.4). Conclusion MWD-ONE assay appears to be suitable for routine testing of sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cartesio Favalli
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences, Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel", Tirana, Albania.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Favaro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Santi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Piperno
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Cartesio D'Agostini
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Rome, Italy
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18
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Wendt N, Tittelbach J, Grimm MO, Scheungraber C, Löffler B, Baier M, Karrasch M. Prospective evaluation study on the benefit of the simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted pathogens for the clinical management of patients suffering from sexually transmitted diseases. J LAB MED 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2018-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a growing relevant public health problem. Early and accurate STI diagnosis is capable of preventing the spread and severe complications of curable STIs through pathogen adapted antibiotic treatment regimens. Limitations of current STI diagnostic tools are the lack of simultaneous pathogen detection and result quantification.
Methods
A prospective analysis of clinical specimens (n=100, from 82 symptomatic patients) from different sites of infections was performed. All samples were processed with multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay Anyplex™ II STI-7, using thermal cycler CFX96™. The Anyplex™ II STI-7 detection assay covers Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), Ureaplasma parvum (UP), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). STI-7 results were compared to standard methods and transferred to the attending physician for treatment adjustment.
Results
Compared to performed standard method results the assay achieved sensitivities ranging from 90.9% to 100%, respectively, and specificities of 100%, with negative predictive values (NPV) ranging from 98.5% to 100%, respectively, and positive predictive values (PPV) of 100%. The Anyplex™ II STI-7 detection assay measured a Cohen’s kappa of 1.00 for UU/UP, MH, and MG and a Cohen’s κ agreement of 0.95 and 0.96 for NG and CT, respectively.
Conclusions
The Anyplex™ II STI-7 assay can easily be introduced into the microbiological laboratory work flow due to its short hands-on-time and PCR mutiplexity. The simultaneous detection of seven STI pathogens provides a comprehensive profile for each patient, enabling clinicians to decide on best treatment options, decreasing antibiotic misuse and infection spreading risk. The semi-quantitative results enables clinicians to gain a complete package of diagnostic information including disease diagnosis, disease degree severity and treatment monitoring, although. Further clinical studies on this topic are needed.
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19
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. Traditionally, all symptomatic UTIs are tested and treated. The use of antibiotics has resulted in an antibiotic resistance crisis, and we have limited options for managing UTIs. Currently, we live in the era of antimicrobial resistance and may live in other eras like the era of the microbiome. New insights might provide an opportunity to prevent the overuse and misuse of antibiotics and could enable the development of innovate managing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Lee
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
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20
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Akgul A, Kadioglu A, Koksal MO, Ozmez A, Agacfidan A. Sexually transmitted agents and their association with leucocytospermia in infertility clinic patients. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13127. [PMID: 30125380 DOI: 10.1111/and.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvumDNA were investigated using real-time multiplex PCR detection kit in the urine samples of 50 patients who presented to the infertility polyclinic. Patients were classified into two groups in accordance with the WHO leucocytospermia criteria as over 1 × 106 /ml (n = 25) and below 1 × 106 /ml (controls; n = 25). In addition, the semen sample results of the patients were evaluated. The mean leucocyte count in the leucocytospermia group was detected as 3.4 × 106 /ml. Agent positivity was found in 12 of 25 patients in the leucocytospermia group (U. parvum 10, U. urealyticum 3, M. hominis 3) and 9 of 25 patients in the control group (U. parvum 7, U. urealyticum 2, M. hominis 1). A chi-square test evaluation revealed no statistically significant difference between groups. (p = 0.390). The statistical evaluation using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests revealed no statistically significant negative effect of agent positivity on semen analysis parameters in either group (p > 0.05). Although no significant difference was detected between the groups, this study provides data about the prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted diseases in patients presenting to the infertility polyclinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Akgul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ates Kadioglu
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muammer O Koksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Ozmez
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Agacfidan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Horner P, Donders G, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Jensen JS, Unemo M. Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? - a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1845-1851. [PMID: 29924422 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At present, we have no evidence that we are doing more good than harm detecting and subsequently treating Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum colonizations/infections. Consequently, routine testing and treatment of asymptomatic or symptomatic men and women for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum are not recommended. Asymptomatic carriage of these bacteria is common, and the majority of individuals do not develop any disease. Although U. urealyticum has been associated with urethritis in men, it is probably not causal unless a high load is present (likely carriage in 40-80% of detected cases). The extensive testing, detection and subsequent antimicrobial treatment of these bacteria performed in some settings may result in the selection of antimicrobial resistance, in these bacteria, 'true' STI agents, as well as in the general microbiota, and substantial economic cost for society and individuals, particularly women. The commercialization of many particularly multiplex PCR assays detecting traditional non-viral STIs together with M. hominis, U. parvum and/or U. urealyticum has worsened this situation. Thus, routine screening of asymptomatic men and women or routine testing of symptomatic individuals for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum is not recommended. If testing of men with symptomatic urethritis is undertaken, traditional STI urethritis agents such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, M. genitalium and, in settings where relevant, Trichomonas vaginalis should be excluded prior to U. urealyticum testing and quantitative species-specific molecular diagnostic tests should be used. Only men with high U. urealyticum load should be considered for treatment; however, appropriate evidence for effective treatment regimens is lacking. In symptomatic women, bacterial vaginosis (BV) should always be tested for and treated if detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Horner
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Donders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - M Cusini
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - M Gomberg
- Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russia
| | - J S Jensen
- Infection Preparedness, Research Unit for Reproductive Tract Microbiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Unemo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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22
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Parthenis C, Panagopoulos P, Margari N, Kottaridi C, Spathis A, Pouliakis A, Konstantoudakis S, Chrelias G, Chrelias C, Papantoniou N, Panayiotides IG, Tsiodras S. The association between sexually transmitted infections, human papillomavirus, and cervical cytology abnormalities among women in Greece. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 73:72-77. [PMID: 29902519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the presence of cytological changes in the cervix in a cohort of sexually active women in Greece. METHODS Cervical cytology testing and the molecular typing of HPV and other STIs were performed for 345 sexually active women aged between 18 and 45 years (mean 33.2±7.2years) visiting a gynaecology clinic for routine cervical screening. The association of HPV and STI detection with cytological findings was investigated. RESULTS HPV was detected in 61 women (17.7%) and STIs in 82 (23.8%). Ureaplasma spp was the most frequently detected pathogen, which was found in 63 (18.2%) women, followed by Mycoplasma spp (21 women, 25.6%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (five women, 6.1%). HPV positivity only (with no co-presence of STI) was associated with an abnormal cytology (odds ratio 6.9, p<0.001), while women who were negative for both HPV and STIs had a higher probability of a normal cytology (odds ratio 0.36, p<0.01). Sixteen out of the 63 (25.4%) women who tested positive for Ureaplasma spp, harboured a high-risk HPV type (odds ratio 2.3, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In a population with a high prevalence of Ureaplasma spp, there was an association of this pathogen with high-risk HPV infection, a finding that needs further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Parthenis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Periklis Panagopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Margari
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Kottaridi
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Aris Spathis
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Konstantoudakis
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Chrelias
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalambos Chrelias
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papantoniou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Panayiotides
- Second Department of Pathology, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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23
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Baumann L, Cina M, Egli-Gany D, Goutaki M, Halbeisen FS, Lohrer GR, Ali H, Scott P, Low N. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in different population groups: systematic review andmeta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect 2018; 94:255-262. [PMID: 29440466 PMCID: PMC5969327 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2017-053384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma genitalium is a common cause of non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis. Testing of asymptomatic populations has been proposed, but prevalence in asymptomatic populations is not well established. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of M. genitalium in the general population, pregnant women, men who have sex with men (MSM), commercial sex workers (CSWs) and clinic-based samples, METHODS: We searched Embase, Medline, IndMED, African Index Medicus and LILACS from 1 January 1991 to 12 July 2016 without language restrictions. We included studies with 500 participants or more. Two reviewers independently screened and selected studies and extracted data. We examined forest plots and conducted random-effects meta-analysis to estimate prevalence, if appropriate. Between-study heterogeneity was examined using the I2 statistic and meta-regression. RESULTS Of 3316 screened records, 63 were included. In randomly selected samples from the general population, the summary prevalence was 1.3% (95% CI 1.0% to 1.8%, I2 41.5%, three studies, 9091 people) in countries with higher levels of development and 3.9% (95% CI 2.2 to 6.7, I2 89.2%, three studies, 3809 people) in countries with lower levels. Prevalence was similar in women and men (P=0.47). In clinic based samples, prevalence estimates were higher, except in asymptomatic patients (0.8%, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.4, I2 0.0%, three studies, 2889 people). Summary prevalence estimates were, in the following groups: pregnant women 0.9% (95% CI 0.6% to 1.4%, I2 0%, four studies, 3472 people), MSM in the community 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 5.1, I2 78.3%, five studies, 3012 people) and female CSWs in the community 15.9% (95% CI 13.5 to 18.9, I2 79.9%, four studies, 4006 people). DISCUSSION This systematic review can inform testing guidelines for M. genitalium. The low estimated prevalence of M. genitalium in the general population, pregnant women and asymptomatic attenders at clinics does not support expansion of testing to these groups. REGISTRATION NUMBERS PROSPERO: CRD42015020420.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Baumann
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cina
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dianne Egli-Gany
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Myrofora Goutaki
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian S Halbeisen
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Reto Lohrer
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hammad Ali
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pippa Scott
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Silva J, Cerqueira F, Teixeira AL, Bicho MC, Campainha R, Amorim J, Medeiros R. Genital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of reproductive-age women: prevalence and risk factors. Int J STD AIDS 2018; 29:999-1006. [DOI: 10.1177/0956462418774209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterise the prevalence and risk factors associated with genital mycoplasmas ( Mycoplasma hominis [MH], M. genitalium [MG]) and ureaplasmas ( Ureaplasma urealyticum [UU], U. parvum [UP]) in Portuguese women of reproductive age. The cross-sectional study included 612 cervicovaginal self-collected samples from women aged 15–44 years, tested for MH, MG, UU, UP by polymerase chain reaction. Y chromosome (Yc) DNA was detected as a biomarker of recent unprotected sexual intercourse. The prevalences of UU, UP, MH and MG were 28.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.0–32.1), 22.4% (95% CI 19.3–25.9), 8.5% (95% CI 6.5–11.0) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.4–1.9), respectively. Overall, women aged 20–29 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.78; P = 0.010) and the presence of Yc-DNA (OR 2.33; P = 0.038) were associated with an increased risk of UU. Lifetime number of sexual partners was a predictor of UU, UP and MH (OR 2.46; P < 0.001, OR 2.78; P < 0.001 and OR 1.55; P < 0.001, respectively, for more than one versus one partner). The prevalence of MG was low, while UU, UP and MH were common in Portuguese women of reproductive age. The presence of UU, UP and MH was associated with sexual activity (number of sexual partners), although the consequences of its prevalence are not fully understood and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Silva
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
- FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- LPCC, Research Department – Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC – NRN), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Bicho
- IMM, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- British Hospital Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Centre, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
- FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- LPCC, Research Department – Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC – NRN), Porto, Portugal
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25
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Unemo M, Salado-Rasmussen K, Hansen M, Olsen A, Falk M, Golparian D, Aasterød M, Ringlander J, Nilsson CS, Sundqvist M, Schønning K, Moi H, Westh H, Jensen J. Clinical and analytical evaluation of the new Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium assay, with data on M. genitalium prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in M. genitalium in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in 2016. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:533-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Prevalence of cervical colonization by Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum , Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium in childbearing age women by a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR: An Italian observational multicentre study. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:220-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Chung HS, Lee M. Comparative Evaluation of Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays for Six Pathogens of Sexually Transmitted Infections. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2017.20.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Sun Chung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Goo YK, Shin WS, Yang HW, Joo SY, Song SM, Ryu JS, Lee WM, Kong HH, Lee WK, Lee SE, Lee WJ, Chung DI, Hong Y. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women Visiting 2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics in Daegu, South Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:75-80. [PMID: 26951983 PMCID: PMC4792318 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explored epidemiological trends in trichomoniasis in Daegu, South Korea. Wet mount microscopy, PCR, and multiplex PCR were used to test for Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swab samples obtained from 621 women visiting 2 clinics in Daegu. Of the 621 women tested, microscopy detected T. vaginalis in 4 (0.6%) patients, PCR detected T. vaginalis in 19 (3.0%) patients, and multiplex PCR detected T. vaginalis in 12 (1.9%) patients. Testing via PCR demonstrated high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for T. vaginalis. Among the 19 women who tested positive for T. vaginalis according to PCR, 94.7% (18/19) reported vaginal signs and symptoms. Notably, more than 50% of T. vaginalis infections occurred in females younger than 30 years old, and 58% were unmarried. Multiplex PCR, which simultaneously detects pathogens from various sexually transmitted infections, revealed that 91.7% (11/12) of patients were infected with 2 or more pathogens. Mycoplasma hominis was the most prevalent co-infection pathogen with T. vaginalis, followed by Ureaplasma urealyticum and Chlamydia trachomatis. Our results indicate that PCR and multiplex PCR are the most sensitive tools for T. vaginalis diagnosis, rather than microscopy which has been routinely used to detect T. vaginalis infections in South Korea. Therefore, clinicians should take note of the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infections among adolescent and young women in order to prevent persistent infection and transmission of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Won-Sik Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shinsegae Women's Hospital, Daegu 41535, Korea
| | - Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - So-Young Joo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Su-Min Song
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ryu
- Department of Environmental Biology & Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Won-Myung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rosemary Hospital, Daegu 41422, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Kong
- Department of Parasitology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Lee
- Center of Biostatistics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Won-Ja Lee
- Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Dong-Il Chung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Magaña-Contreras M, Contreras-Paredes A, Chavez-Blanco A, Lizano M, De la Cruz-Hernandez Y, De la Cruz-Hernandez E. Prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens associated with HPV infection in cervical samples in a Mexican population. J Med Virol 2015; 87:2098-105. [PMID: 26010580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer development has been mainly associated with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. However, HPV infection is unlikely to be sufficient to cause cervical cancer, and the contribution of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) could be the determining factor for cervical lesion-progression. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of STIs associated with HPV-positivity in 201 cervical samples from patients who underwent annual routine gynecological exams. The overall prevalence of STIs was 57.7%, and the most frequent infection was Ureaplasma spp (UP) (39.8%), followed by Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) (25.9%), α-HPV (18.4%), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (1.5%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) (0.5%). The highest prevalence rate of multiple non-HPV infections was observed for the age-range 31-40; for papillomavirus infection, the age-range was 21-30. In normal cervical samples, HPV16 was the most prevalent genotype (24.3%), followed by genotypes 58 (13.5%) and 52 (10.8%). Intriguingly, HPV18 was not detected in the study population, and genotypes 52 and 58 were found exclusively in samples with abnormal cytology. Papillomavirus infection with oncogenic types was significantly associated with GV (P = 0.025) and strongly associated with multiple non-HPV pathogens (P = 0.002). The following variables correlated significantly with cytological diagnosis of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL): GV (P = 0.028), multiple non-HPV infections (P = 0.001), and high-risk HPV positivity (P = 0.001). Epidemiological data from this study will contribute to the molecular detection of sexually transmitted pathogens from screening programs to identify those women who are at risk for developing cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Magaña-Contreras
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Rancheria sur cuarta seccion, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marcela Lizano
- Division of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute of Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Erick De la Cruz-Hernandez
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Rancheria sur cuarta seccion, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
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Chlamydia trachomatis and Genital Mycoplasmas: Pathogens with an Impact on Human Reproductive Health. J Pathog 2014; 2014:183167. [PMID: 25614838 PMCID: PMC4295611 DOI: 10.1155/2014/183167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent, curable sexually important diseases are those caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) and genital mycoplasmas. An important characteristic of these infections is their ability to cause long-term sequels in upper genital tract, thus potentially affecting the reproductive health in both sexes. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubal factor infertility (TFI), and ectopic pregnancy (EP) are well documented complications of C. trachomatis infection in women. The role of genital mycoplasmas in development of PID, TFI, and EP requires further evaluation, but growing evidence supports a significant role for these in the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, premature membrane rupture, and preterm labor in pregnant woman. Both C. trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas can affect the quality of sperm and possibly influence the fertility of men. For the purpose of this paper, basic, epidemiologic, clinical, therapeutic, and public health issue of these infections were reviewed and discussed, focusing on their impact on human reproductive health.
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