1
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Pollock TY, Vázquez Marrero VR, Brodsky IE, Shin S. TNF licenses macrophages to undergo rapid caspase-1, -11, and -8-mediated cell death that restricts Legionella pneumophila infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010767. [PMID: 37279255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is necessary for host defense against many intracellular pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila. Legionella causes the severe pneumonia Legionnaires' disease and predominantly affects individuals with a suppressed immune system, including those receiving therapeutic TNF blockade to treat autoinflammatory disorders. TNF induces pro-inflammatory gene expression, cellular proliferation, and survival signals in certain contexts, but can also trigger programmed cell death in others. It remains unclear, however, which of the pleiotropic functions of TNF mediate control of intracellular bacterial pathogens like Legionella. In this study, we demonstrate that TNF signaling licenses macrophages to die rapidly in response to Legionella infection. We find that TNF-licensed cells undergo rapid gasdermin-dependent, pyroptotic death downstream of inflammasome activation. We also find that TNF signaling upregulates components of the inflammasome response, and that the caspase-11-mediated non-canonical inflammasome is the first inflammasome to be activated, with caspase-1 and caspase-8 mediating delayed pyroptotic death. We find that all three caspases are collectively required for optimal TNF-mediated restriction of bacterial replication in macrophages. Furthermore, caspase-8 is required for control of pulmonary Legionella infection. These findings reveal a TNF-dependent mechanism in macrophages for activating rapid cell death that is collectively mediated by caspases-1, -8, and -11 and subsequent restriction of Legionella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvi Y Pollock
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Víctor R Vázquez Marrero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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2
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Scheithauer L, Karagöz MS, Mayer BE, Steinert M. Protein sociology of ProA, Mip and other secreted virulence factors at the Legionella pneumophila surface. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140688. [PMID: 36936764 PMCID: PMC10017501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of L. pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, depends on an arsenal of interacting proteins. Here we describe how surface-associated and secreted virulence factors of this pathogen interact with each other or target extra- and intracellular host proteins resulting in host cell manipulation and tissue colonization. Since progress of computational methods like AlphaFold, molecular dynamics simulation, and docking allows to predict, analyze and evaluate experimental proteomic and interactomic data, we describe how the combination of these approaches generated new insights into the multifaceted "protein sociology" of the zinc metalloprotease ProA and the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Mip (macrophage infectivity potentiator). Both virulence factors of L. pneumophila interact with numerous proteins including bacterial flagellin (FlaA) and host collagen, and play important roles in virulence regulation, host tissue degradation and immune evasion. The recent progress in protein-ligand analyses of virulence factors suggests that machine learning will also have a beneficial impact in early stages of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Scheithauer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mustafa Safa Karagöz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benjamin E. Mayer
- Computational Biology & Simulation, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Steinert,
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3
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Crossen AJ, Ward RA, Reedy JL, Surve MV, Klein BS, Rajagopal J, Vyas JM. Human Airway Epithelium Responses to Invasive Fungal Infections: A Critical Partner in Innate Immunity. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:40. [PMID: 36675861 PMCID: PMC9862202 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelial lining serves as the primary barrier to inhaled environmental toxins, allergens, and invading pathogens. Pulmonary fungal infections are devastating and carry high mortality rates, particularly in those with compromised immune systems. While opportunistic fungi infect primarily immunocompromised individuals, endemic fungi cause disease in immune competent and compromised individuals. Unfortunately, in the case of inhaled fungal pathogens, the airway epithelial host response is vastly understudied. Furthering our lack of understanding, very few studies utilize primary human models displaying pseudostratified layers of various epithelial cell types at air-liquid interface. In this review, we focus on the diversity of the human airway epithelium and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of oncological cell lines, immortalized epithelial cells, and primary epithelial cell models. Additionally, the responses by human respiratory epithelial cells to invading fungal pathogens will be explored. Future investigations leveraging current human in vitro model systems will enable identification of the critical pathways that will inform the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics for pulmonary fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne J. Crossen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Ward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Reedy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manalee V. Surve
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Ha R, Keynan Y, Rueda ZV. Increased susceptibility to pneumonia due to tumour necrosis factor inhibition and prospective immune system rescue via immunotherapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:980868. [PMID: 36159650 PMCID: PMC9489861 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.980868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulators such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are used to treat autoimmune conditions by reducing the magnitude of the innate immune response. Dampened innate responses pose an increased risk of new infections by opportunistic pathogens and reactivation of pre-existing latent infections. The alteration in immune response predisposes to increased severity of infections. TNF inhibitors are used to treat autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, transplant recipients, and inflammatory bowel disease. The efficacies of immunomodulators are shown to be varied, even among those that target the same pathways. Monoclonal antibody-based TNF inhibitors have been shown to induce stronger immunosuppression when compared to their receptor-based counterparts. The variability in activity also translates to differences in risk for infection, moreover, parallel, or sequential use of immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids makes it difficult to accurately attribute the risk of infection to a single immunomodulatory drug. Among recipients of TNF inhibitors, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to be responsible for 12.5-59% of all infections; Pneumocystis jirovecii has been responsible for 20% of all non-viral infections; and Legionella pneumophila infections occur at 13-21 times the rate of the general population. This review will outline the mechanism of immune modulation caused by TNF inhibitors and how they predispose to infection with a focus on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. This review will then explore and evaluate how other immunomodulators and host-directed treatments influence these infections and the severity of the resulting infection to mitigate or treat TNF inhibitor-associated infections alongside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community-Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellin, Colombia
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5
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Scheithauer L, Thiem S, Ünal CM, Dellmann A, Steinert M. Zinc Metalloprotease ProA from Legionella pneumophila Inhibits the Pro-Inflammatory Host Response by Degradation of Bacterial Flagellin. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050624. [PMID: 35625552 PMCID: PMC9138289 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental bacterium Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen of various protozoan hosts and able to cause Legionnaires’ disease, a severe pneumonia in humans. By encoding a wide selection of virulence factors, the infectious agent possesses several strategies to manipulate its host cells and evade immune detection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the L. pneumophila zinc metalloprotease ProA functions as a modulator of flagellin-mediated TLR5 stimulation and subsequent activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway. We found ProA to be capable of directly degrading immunogenic FlaA monomers but not the polymeric form of bacterial flagella. These results indicate a role of the protease in antagonizing immune stimulation, which was further substantiated in HEK-BlueTM hTLR5 Detection assays. Addition of purified proteins, bacterial suspensions of L. pneumophila mutant strains as well as supernatants of human lung tissue explant infection to this reporter cell line demonstrated that ProA specifically decreases the TLR5 response via FlaA degradation. Conclusively, the zinc metalloprotease ProA serves as a powerful regulator of exogenous flagellin and presumably creates an important advantage for L. pneumophila proliferation in mammalian hosts by promoting immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Scheithauer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.S.); (S.T.); (C.M.Ü.)
| | - Stefanie Thiem
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.S.); (S.T.); (C.M.Ü.)
| | - Can M. Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.S.); (S.T.); (C.M.Ü.)
| | - Ansgar Dellmann
- Institut für Pathologie, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig, Celler Straße 38, 38114 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.S.); (S.T.); (C.M.Ü.)
- Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)531-391-5802
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6
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Guillemot J, Ginevra C, Allam C, Kay E, Gilbert C, Doublet P, Jarraud S, Chapalain A. TNF-α response in macrophages depends on clinical Legionella pneumophila isolates genotypes. Virulence 2022; 13:160-173. [PMID: 35030980 PMCID: PMC8765069 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.2022861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionnaires' Disease (LD) is a severe pneumonia mainly caused in Europe by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1). Sequence-based typing methods reveal that some sequence types (ST) are overrepresented in clinical samples such as ST1 and ST47, suggesting that some strains are more fit for infection than others. In the present study, a collection of 108 Lp1 clinical isolates were used to evaluate the strain-dependent immune responses from human macrophages. Clinical Lp1 isolates induced differential TNFα secretion from macrophages. ST1 isolates induced a significantly higher TNF-α secretion than non-ST1, whereas ST47 isolates induced a significantly lower TNF-α secretion than non-ST47 isolates. ST1 isolates induced a significantly higher cell death than ST47 isolates evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase activity (cytotoxicity) and caspase-3 activity (apoptosis). Treatment of macrophages with anti-TNF-α antibodies significantly reduced the cell death in macrophages infected with ST1 or ST47 strains. The TNF-α secretion was neither explained by a differential bacterial replication nor by the number or type (bystander or infected) of TNF-α producing cells following infection but by a differential response from macrophages. The Paris ST1 reference strain elicited a significantly higher TNF-α gene transcription and a higher induction of NF-κB signaling pathway than the Lorraine ST47 reference strain.Clinical Lp1 isolates induce a diverse immune response and cell death, which could be related to the genotype. The two predominant sequence-types ST1 and ST47 trigger opposite inflammatory response that could be related to the host susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Guillemot
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Ginevra
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Des Légionelles, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Allam
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Des Légionelles, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Kay
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Gilbert
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Doublet
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Centre National de Référence Des Légionelles, Lyon, France
| | - Annelise Chapalain
- Ciri, Centre International de Recherche En Infectiologie, Équipe Pathogenèse Des Légionelles, Université Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
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7
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Lad N, Murphy A, Parenti C, Nelson C, Williams N, Sharpe G, McTernan P. Asthma and obesity: endotoxin another insult to add to injury? Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2729-2748. [PMID: 34918742 PMCID: PMC8689194 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is often an underlying cause of several chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Defining the mediators of such chronic low-grade inflammation often appears dependent on which disease is being investigated. However, downstream systemic inflammatory cytokine responses in these diseases often overlap, noting there is no doubt more than one factor at play to heighten the inflammatory response. Furthermore, it is increasingly believed that diet and an altered gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathology of such diverse diseases. More specifically, the inflammatory mediator endotoxin, which is a complex lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the outer membrane cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and is abundant within the gut microbiota, and may play a direct role alongside inhaled allergens in eliciting an inflammatory response in asthma. Endotoxin has immunogenic effects and is sufficiently microscopic to traverse the gut mucosa and enter the systemic circulation to act as a mediator of chronic low-grade inflammation in disease. Whilst the role of endotoxin has been considered in conditions of obesity, cardiovascular disease and T2DM, endotoxin as an inflammatory trigger in asthma is less well understood. This review has sought to examine the current evidence for the role of endotoxin in asthma, and whether the gut microbiota could be a dietary target to improve disease management. This may expand our understanding of endotoxin as a mediator of further low-grade inflammatory diseases, and how endotoxin may represent yet another insult to add to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Lad
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Alice M. Murphy
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Cristina Parenti
- SHAPE Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Carl P. Nelson
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Neil C. Williams
- SHAPE Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Graham R. Sharpe
- SHAPE Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Philip G. McTernan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
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8
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Ward RA, Thompson GR, Villani AC, Li B, Mansour MK, Wuethrich M, Tam JM, Klein BS, Vyas JM. The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050377. [PMID: 34065016 PMCID: PMC8151481 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis, otherwise known as Valley Fever, is caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. While most clinical cases present with self-limiting pulmonary infection, dissemination of Coccidioides spp. results in prolonged treatment and portends higher mortality rates. While the structure, genome, and niches for Coccidioides have provided some insight into the pathogenesis of disease, the underlying immunological mechanisms of clearance or inability to contain the infection in the lung are poorly understood. This review focuses on the known innate and adaptive immune responses to Coccidioides and highlights three important areas of uncertainty and potential approaches to address them. Closing these gaps in knowledge may enable new preventative and therapeutic strategies to be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Ward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (R.A.W.); (M.K.M.)
| | - George R. Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 96817, USA;
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.-C.V.); (B.L.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Bo Li
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.-C.V.); (B.L.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (R.A.W.); (M.K.M.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Marcel Wuethrich
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.W.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Jenny M. Tam
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.W.); (B.S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (R.A.W.); (M.K.M.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-643-6444
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9
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Gu T, Yuan W, Li C, Chen Z, Wen Y, Zheng Q, Yang Q, Xiong X, Yuan A. α-Solanine Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration, and Induces Apoptosis in Human Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:210. [PMID: 33805658 PMCID: PMC7998402 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Solanine, a bioactive compound mainly found in potato, exhibits anti-cancer activity towards multiple cancer cells. However, its effects on human choriocarcinoma have not been evaluated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of α-solanine on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that α-solanine, at concentrations of 30 μM or below, did not affect the cell viability of the choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3. However, colony formation was significantly decreased and cell apoptosis was increased in response to 30 μM α-solanine. In addition, α-solanine (30 μM) reduced the migration and invasion abilities of JEG-3 cells, which was associated with a downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2/9. The in vivo findings provided further evidence of the inhibition of α-solanine on choriocarcinoma tumor growth. α-Solanine suppressed the xenograft tumor growth of JEG-3 cells, resulting in smaller tumor volumes and lower tumor weights. Apoptosis was promoted in xenograft tumors of α-solanine-treated mice. Moreover, α-solanine downregulated proliferative cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl-2 levels and promoted the expression of Bax. Collectively, α-solanine inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of human JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, which may be associated with the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Zhilong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yuting Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiyi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (T.G.); (W.Y.); (C.L.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
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10
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Lee BW, Ha JH, Shin HG, Jeong SH, Kim JH, Lee J, Park JY, Kwon HJ, Jung K, Lee WS, Ryu YB, Jeong JH, Lee IC. Lindera obtusiloba Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Ovalbumin-Challenged Asthma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070563. [PMID: 32605045 PMCID: PMC7402094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba is widespread in northeast Asia and used for treatment of improvement of blood circulation and anti-inflammation. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of the methanolic extract of L. obtusiloba leaves (LOL) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged allergic asthma model and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cell. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA by intraperitoneal injection on days 0 and 14, and airway-challenged with OVA from days 21 to 23. Mice were administered 50 and 100 mg/kg of LOL by oral gavage 1 h before the challenge. LOL treatment effectively decreased airway hyper-responsiveness and inhibited inflammatory cell recruitment, Th2 cytokines, mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in OVA-challenged mice, which were accompanied by marked suppression of airway inflammation and mucus production in the lung tissue. LOL pretreatment inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) with suppression of activator protein (AP)-1 and MUC5AC in the lung tissue. LOL also down-regulated expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the activation of NF-κB in TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. LOL elevated the translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2) into nucleus concurrent with increase of heme oxyngenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Moreover, LOL treatment exhibited a marked increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes activities, whereas effectively suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, as well as lipid peroxidation in lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice and TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. These findings suggest that LOL might serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Han-Gyo Shin
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Seong-Hun Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Ju-Hong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Jihye Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Woo-Song Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (I.-C.L.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2747 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5241 (I.-C.L.); Fax: +82-62-232-9708 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5239 (I.-C.L.)
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (B.-W.L.); (J.-H.H.); (H.-G.S.); (S.-H.J.); (J.-H.K.); (J.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (H.-J.K.); (K.J.); (W.-S.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (I.-C.L.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2747 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5241 (I.-C.L.); Fax: +82-62-232-9708 (J.-H.J.); +82-63-570-5239 (I.-C.L.)
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11
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Shah JA, Emery R, Lee B, Venkatasubramanian S, Simmons JD, Brown M, Hung CF, Prins JM, Verbon A, Hawn TR, Skerrett SJ. TOLLIP deficiency is associated with increased resistance to Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1382-1390. [PMID: 31462698 PMCID: PMC6824992 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is a flagellated, intracellular bacterium that can cause Legionnaires' disease (LD). Lp activates multiple innate immune receptors, and TOLLIP dampens MyD88-dependent signaling and may influence susceptibility to LD. We evaluated the effect of TOLLIP on innate immunity, pneumonia severity, and LD susceptibility in mouse lungs and human populations. To accomplish this, we evaluated the effect of TOLLIP on lung-specific Lp control and immune response and associated a common functional TOLLIP variant with Lp-induced innate immune responses and LD susceptibility in humans. After aerosol Lp infection, Tollip-/- mice demonstrated significantly fewer bacterial colony-forming unit and increased cytokine responses from BAL fluid. Tollip-/- macrophages also suppressed intracellular Lp replication in a flagellin-independent manner. The presence of a previously characterized, functionally active SNP associated with decreased TOLLIP mRNA transcript in monocytes was associated with increased TNF and IL-6 secretion after Lp stimulation of PBMC ex vivo. This genotype was separately associated with decreased LD susceptibility (309 controls, 88 cases, p = 0.008, OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.76) in a candidate gene association study. These results suggest that TOLLIP decreases lung-specific TLR responses to increase LD susceptibility in human populations. Better understanding of TOLLIP may lead to novel immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed A. Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robyn Emery
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jason D. Simmons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melanie Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chi F. Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jan M. Prins
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas R. Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shawn J. Skerrett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Viewing Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis through an Immunological Lens. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:4321-4344. [PMID: 31351897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of the severe pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila is ubiquitously found in freshwater environments, where it replicates within free-living protozoa. Aerosolization of contaminated water supplies allows the bacteria to be inhaled into the human lung, where L. pneumophila can be phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages and replicate intracellularly. The Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) is one of the key virulence factors required for intracellular bacterial replication and subsequent disease. The Dot/Icm apparatus translocates more than 300 effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with a variety of cellular processes, thus enabling the bacterium to evade phagosome-lysosome fusion and establish an endoplasmic reticulum-derived Legionella-containing vacuole, which facilitates bacterial replication. In turn, the immune system has evolved numerous strategies to recognize intracellular bacteria such as L. pneumophila, leading to potent inflammatory responses that aid in eliminating infection. This review aims to provide an overview of L. pneumophila pathogenesis in the context of the host immune response.
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13
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Ma Y, Shi Q, Xiao K, Wang J, Chen C, Gao LP, Gao C, Dong XP. Stimulations of the Culture Medium of Activated Microglia and TNF-Alpha on a Scrapie-Infected Cell Line Decrease the Cell Viability and Induce Marked Necroptosis That Also Occurs in the Brains from the Patients of Human Prion Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1273-1283. [PMID: 30399321 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia and increased expression of TNF-α are frequently observed in the brains of human and animal prion diseases. As an important cytokine, TNF-α participates in not only pro-inflammatory responses but also in cellular communication, cell differentiation, and cell death. However, the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of prion disease remains ambiguous. In this study, the activities of a scrapie-infected cell line SMB-S15 and its normal partner SMB-PS exposed to the supernatant of a LPS-activated microglia cell line BV2 were evaluated. After it was exposed to the LPS-stimulated supernatant of BV2 cells, the cell viability of SMB-S15 cells was markedly decreased, whereas that of the SMB-PS cells remained unchanged. The level of TNF-α was significantly increased in the LPS-stimulated supernatant of BV2 cells. Further, we found that the recombinant TNF-α alone induced the decreased cell viability of SMB-S15 and the neutralizing antibody for TNF-α completely antagonized the decreased cell viability caused by the LPS-stimulated supernatant of BV2 cells. Stimulation with TNF-α induced the remarkable increases of apoptosis-associated proteins in SMB-PS cells, such as cleaved caspase-3 and RIP1, whereas an obvious increase of necroptosis-associated protein in SMB-S15 cells, such as p-MLKL. Meanwhile, the upregulation of caspase-8 activity in SMB-PS cells was more significant than that of SMB-S15 cells. The decreased cell viability of SMB-S15 and the increased expression of p-MLKL induced by TNF-α were completely rescued by Necrostatin-1. Moreover, we verified that removal of PrPSc propagation in SMB-S15 cells by resveratrol partially rescues the cell tolerance to the stimulation of TNF-α. These data indicate that the prion-infected cell line SMB-S15 is more vulnerable to the stimulations of activated microglia and TNF-α, which is likely due to the outcome of necroptosis rather than apoptosis. Furthermore, significant upregulation of p-MLKL, MLKL, and RIP3 was detected in the post-mortem cortical brains of the patients of various types of human prion diseases, including sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), G114 V-genetic CJD (gCJD), and fatal familial insomnia (FFI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
- Center of Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
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14
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Kusaka Y, Kajiwara C, Shimada S, Ishii Y, Miyazaki Y, Inase N, Standiford TJ, Tateda K. Potential Role of Gr-1+ CD8+ T Lymphocytes as a Source of Interferon-γ and M1/M2 Polarization during the Acute Phase of Murine Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:328-338. [PMID: 30021216 DOI: 10.1159/000490585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed interferon (IFN)-γ-producing cells and M1/M2 macrophage polarization in Legionella pneumophila pneumonia following anti-Gr-1 antibody treatment. Anti-Gr-1 treatment induced an M1-to-M2 shift of macrophage subtypes in the lungs and weakly in the peripheral blood, which was associated with increased mortality in legionella-infected mice. CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were the dominant sources of IFN-γ in the acute phase, and anti-Gr-1 treatment reduced the number of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T lymphocytes. In the CD3-gated population, most Gr-1-positive cells were CD8+ T lymphocytes in the lungs and lymph nodes (LNs) of infected mice. Additionally, the number of IFN-γ-producing Gr-1+ CD8+ T lymphocytes in the lungs and LNs increased 2 and 4 days after L. pneumophila infection, with anti-Gr-1 treatment attenuating these populations. Antibody staining revealed that Gr-1+ CD8+ T lymphocytes were Ly6C-positive cells rather than Ly6G, a phenotype regarded as memory type cells. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of Gr-1+ CD8+ T lymphocytes induced increases in IFN-γ, M1 shifting and reduced bacterial number in the Legionella pneumonia model. These data identified Ly6C+ CD8+ T lymphocytes as a source of IFN-γ in innate immunity and partially associated with reduced IFN-γ production, M2 polarization, and high mortality in anti-Gr-1 antibody-treated mice with L. pneumophila pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kusaka
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kajiwara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Shimada
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiko Inase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2α Promotes Pulmonary Inflammation and Systemic Disease during Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00280-17. [PMID: 28808157 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00280-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae is characterized by a robust alveolar infiltration of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells [PMNs]) that can promote systemic spread of the infection if not resolved. We previously showed that 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), which is required to generate the PMN chemoattractant hepoxilin A3 (HXA3) from arachidonic acid (AA), promotes acute pulmonary inflammation and systemic infection after lung challenge with S. pneumoniae As phospholipase A2 (PLA2) promotes the release of AA, we investigated the role of PLA2 in local and systemic disease during S. pneumoniae infection. The group IVA cytosolic isoform of PLA2 (cPLA2α) was activated upon S. pneumoniae infection of cultured lung epithelial cells and was critical for AA release from membrane phospholipids. Pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme blocked S. pneumoniae-induced PMN transepithelial migration in vitro Genetic ablation of the cPLA2 isoform cPLA2α dramatically reduced lung inflammation in mice upon high-dose pulmonary challenge with S. pneumoniae The cPLA2α-deficient mice also suffered no bacteremia and survived a pulmonary challenge that was lethal to wild-type mice. Our data suggest that cPLA2α plays a crucial role in eliciting pulmonary inflammation during pneumococcal infection and is required for lethal systemic infection following S. pneumoniae lung challenge.
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