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Alkaissy Y, Serre-Delcor N, Vicente MA, Molina I, Norman FF, Goikoetxea AJ, de Dios B, Torrús D, Navarrete Lorite MN, Rodríguez-Guardado A, Lombide I, Calabuig E, Muriel A, Perez-Molina JA. Trends in imported infections among migrants and travellers to Spain: a decade of analysis through the +Redivi network (2012-2022). J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae067. [PMID: 38691427 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-speed global travel, increased trade, world population growth, migration, urbanization and climate change have favoured the emergence and spread of pathogens. We aimed to analyse the evolution of imported infections in Spain during 2012-2022 and the potential impact of some of the abovementioned factors on differential morbidity patterns. METHODS In this retrospective study (January 2012 to December 2022), we analysed data collected by the +Redivi network across 25 health centres. The network's standardised database records new cases of imported infections, including patient demographics, travel history, pre-travel advice and diagnostic information. To assess outcome rates over time and potential interactions, we constructed penalized weighted models to reduce the bias related to a low event rate and used weighted logistic regression for morbidity outcomes. RESULTS We recorded 25 632 episodes, comprising 13 913 migrants, 4047 visiting friends and relatives (VFR) immigrants, 392 VFR travellers and 7280 travellers. Most immigrants came from South America (48.3%), Sub-Saharan Africa (28.5%), North Africa (6.6%), South Central Asia (5.4%) and Central America/Caribbean (5.3%). The most common regions visited by travellers were Sub-Saharan Africa (33.5%), South America (24.5%), Central America/Caribbean (13.5%), Southeast Asia (12%) and South Central Asia (10%). The proportion of diagnoses of malaria, strongyloidiasis and unspecified self-limiting febrile syndrome < 3 weeks remained unchanged during the study period. An increased frequency of diagnosis was reported for schistosomiasis, blastocystosis, giardiasis, dengue, diarrhoea, new cases of HIV, latent and pulmonary tuberculosis, whereas a decrease was reported for syphilis, chikungunya fever, Chagas disease and eosinophilia. We detected interactions between time and sex or type of participant across the different diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the importance of epidemiological data in understanding infectious diseases dynamics among travellers and migrants, emphasizing how demographic shifts, migration trends and healthcare policies affect disease profiles. Comprehensive data play an essential role in enhancing public health policies and travel advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Alkaissy
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Serre-Delcor
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS, Calle de San Oleguer, 17, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Arsuaga Vicente
- CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- National Referral Unit for Imported Infectious Diseases, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Tropical Medicine Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS, Paseo de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca F Norman
- CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases. Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Begoña de Dios
- Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Torrús
- Unidad de Referencia de Enfermedades Importadas y Salud Internacional, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Nicolás Navarrete Lorite
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Avenida Dr. Fedriani, 3, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Azucena Rodríguez-Guardado
- Área de Gestión Clínica Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Grupo de Microbiología Traslacional, Instituto de Investigación del Principado de Asturias, Avenida Hospital Universitario s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Itxaso Lombide
- Basurto University Hospital, Avenida de Montevideo, 18, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eva Calabuig
- La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, University of Valencia, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 València, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Clinical Biostatistic Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, Plaza de San Diego, s/n, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jose A Perez-Molina
- CIBERINFEC. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta baja, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- National Reference Centre for Imported Tropical Diseases. Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Carretera de Colmenar Km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Maruki T, Yamamoto K, Yamato M, Sahara T, Shirano M, Sakamoto N, Hase R, Shinohara K, Yoshimura Y, Imakita N, Kodama F, Yamamoto Y, Yokota K, Yoshimi Y, Hasegawa C, Kutsuna S, Ohmagari N. Epidemiological trends of traveler's diarrhea in Japan: An analysis of imported infectious disease registry data from 2017-2022. Glob Health Med 2023; 5:372-376. [PMID: 38162433 PMCID: PMC10730917 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is a global problem, and identifying the causative organisms of TD is important for adequate treatment. Therefore, this study retrospectively analyzed TD cases in patients who returned to Japan after traveling abroad to determine the causative organisms by travel region. We included patients with a final diagnosis of TD registered in the Japan Registry for Infectious Diseases from Abroad database from September 25, 2017, to September 1, 2022, from 14 medical institutions. A total of 919 patients were analyzed; the causative TD pathogen was identified in 188 cases (20%), of which 154 were caused by diarrheagenic bacteria, the most common being Campylobacter spp. (64%). A 2.2 mg/dL C-reactive protein concentration cutoff value had some predictive ability for bacterial TD (negative predictive value, 89%). Therefore, the C-reactive protein level may help rule out bacterial diarrhea and prevent unnecessary antimicrobial administration when patients cannot provide a stool specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketomo Maruki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryota Hase
- Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koh Shinohara
- Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyoko Yokota
- Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Du M, Yuan J, Jing W, Liu M, Liu J. The Effect of International Travel Arrivals on the New HIV Infections in 15–49 Years Aged Group Among 109 Countries or Territories From 2000 to 2018. Front Public Health 2022; 10:833551. [PMID: 35252102 PMCID: PMC8888525 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.833551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalent international travel may have an impact on new HIV infections, but related studies were lacking. We aimed to explore the association between international travel arrivals and new HIV infections in 15–49 years aged group from 2000 to 2018, to make tailored implications for HIV prevention. Methods We obtained the data of new HIV infections from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and international travel arrivals from the World Bank. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relation briefly. Log-linear models were built to analyze the association between international travel arrivals and new HIV infections. Results International travel arrivals were positively correlated with new HIV infections (correlation coefficients: 0.916, p < 0.001). After controlling population density, the median age of the total population (years), socio-demographic index (SDI), travel-related mandatory HIV testing, HIV-related restrictions, and antiretroviral therapy coverage, there were 6.61% (95% CI: 5.73, 7.50; p < 0.001) percentage changes in new HIV infections of 15–49 years aged group associated with a 1 million increase in international travel arrivals. Conclusions Higher international travel arrivals were correlated with new HIV infections in 15–49 years aged group. Therefore, multipronged structural and effective strategies and management should be implemented and strengthened.
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