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Xintong Z, Kexin Z, Junwen W, Ziyi W, Na L, Hong G. Whole-exome sequencing enables rapid and prenatal diagnosis of inherited skin disorders. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:193. [PMID: 37605172 PMCID: PMC10440863 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genodermatoses are a broad group of disorders with specific or non-specific skin-based phenotypes, most of which are monogenic disorders. However, it's a great challenge to make a precise molecular diagnosis because of the clinical heterogeneity. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity brings great challenges for diagnosis in dermatology. The whole exome sequencing (WES) not only expedites the discovery of the genetic variations, but also contributes to genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Followed by the initial clinical and pathological diagnosis, genetic variations were identified by WES. The pathogenicity of the copy number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were evaluated according to ACMG guidelines. Candidate pathogenic SNVs were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband and the family members. RESULTS Totally 25 cases were recruited. Nine novel variations, including c.5546G > C and c.1457delC in NF1, c.6110G > T in COL7A1, c.2127delG in TSC1, c.1445 C > A and c.1265G > A in TYR, Xp22.31 deletion in STS, c.908 C > T in ATP2A2, c.1371insC in IKBKG, and nine known ones were identified in 16 cases (64%). Prenatal diagnosis was applied in 6 pregnant women by amniocentesis, two of whom carried positive findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted the value of WES as a first-tier genetic test in determining the molecular diagnosis. We also discovered the distribution of genodermatoses in this district, which provided a novel clinical dataset for dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xintong
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Kexin
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wang Junwen
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wang Ziyi
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Luo Na
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China.
| | - Guo Hong
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China.
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Salik D, Richert B, Smits G. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of genodermatoses: Review and perspectives. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:488-500. [PMID: 36502512 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genodermatoses are a complex and heterogeneous group of genetic skin disorders characterized by variable expression and clinical and genetic heterogeneity, rendering their diagnosis challenging. DNA-based techniques, like whole-exome sequencing, can establish a diagnosis in 50% of cases. RNA-sequencing is emerging as an attractive tool that can obtain information regarding gene expression while integrating functional genomic data with regard to the interpretation of variants. This increases the diagnostic rate by an additional 10-15%. In the present review, we detail the clinical steps involved in the diagnosis of genodermatoses, as well as the current DNA-based technologies available to clinicians. Herein, the intention is to facilitate a better understanding of the possibilities and limitations of these diagnostic technologies. In addition, this review could guide dermatologists through new emerging techniques, such as RNA-sequencing and its applications to familiarizing them with future techniques. Currently, this multi-omics approach is likely the best strategy designed to promote the diagnosis of patients with genodermatoses and discover new skin disease genes that could result in novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salik
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint-Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Richert
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Saint-Pierre, CHU Brugmann and Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Ali F, Gautam M. Prenatal diagnosis in dermatology. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_127_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Chiu FPC, Doolan BJ, McGrath JA, Onoufriadis A. A decade of next-generation sequencing in genodermatoses: the impact on gene discovery and clinical diagnostics. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:606-616. [PMID: 32628274 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovering the genetic basis of inherited skin diseases is fundamental to improving diagnostic accuracy and genetic counselling. In the 1990s and 2000s, genetic linkage and candidate gene approaches led to the molecular characterization of several dozen genodermatoses, but over the past decade the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has accelerated diagnostic discovery and precision. OBJECTIVES This review examines the application of NGS technologies from 2009 to 2019 that have (i) led to the initial discovery of gene mutations in known or new genodermatoses and (ii) identified involvement of more than one contributing pathogenic gene in individuals with complex Mendelian skin disorder phenotypes. METHODS A comprehensive review of the PubMed database and dermatology conference abstracts was undertaken between January 2009 and December 2019. The results were collated and cross-referenced with OMIM. RESULTS We identified 166 new disease-gene associations in inherited skin diseases discovered by NGS. Of these, 131 were previously recognized, while 35 were brand new disorders. Eighty-five were autosomal dominant (with 43 of 85 mutations occurring de novo), 78 were autosomal recessive and three were X-linked. We also identified 63 cases harbouring multiple pathogenic mutations, either involving two coexisting genodermatoses (n = 13) or an inherited skin disorder in conjunction with other organ system phenotypes (n = 50). CONCLUSIONS NGS technologies have accelerated disease-gene discoveries in dermatology over the last decade. Moreover, the era of NGS has enabled clinicians to split complex Mendelian phenotypes into separate diseases. These genetic data improve diagnostic precision and make feasible accurate prenatal testing and better-targeted translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P-C Chiu
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B J Doolan
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Onoufriadis A, Nanda A, Sheriff A, Tomita K, Gomaa NS, Simpson MA, McGrath JA. Consanguinity and Double Recessive Gene Pathology: Cutis Laxa (PYCR1) and Nephrotic Syndrome (PLCE1). JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:257-259. [PMID: 30586144 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Arti Nanda
- As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Kuwait
| | - Adam Sheriff
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Kenji Tomita
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Nesrin S Gomaa
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, England
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, England
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Hwang J, Lee S, Kim D, Han G, Soung NK, Cha-Molstad H, Lee KH, Ryoo IJ, Ahn MJ, Kim ST, Lee MJ, Yoo YD, Lee HG, Hong JT, Kim H, Choi EH, Kim SC, Kwon YT, Ahn JS, Kim BY. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe-based analysis to detect filaggrin mutations in atopic dermatitis patients. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1304-1308. [PMID: 30092122 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. Filaggrin (FLG) is essential for the development of the skin barrier, and its genetic mutations are major predisposing factors for AD. In this study, we developed a convenient and practical method to detect FLG mutations in AD patients using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes labelled with fluorescent markers for rapid analysis. Fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA) precisely identified FLG mutations based on the distinct difference in the melting temperatures of the wild-type and mutant allele. Moreover, PNA probe-based FMCA easily and accurately verified patient samples with both heterozygote and homozygote FLG mutations, providing a high-throughput method to reliable screen AD patients. Our method provides a convenient, rapid and accurate diagnostic tool to identify potential AD patients allowing for early preventive treatment, leading to lower incidence rates of AD, and reducing total healthcare expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Hwang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sangku Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Goeun Han
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nak Kyun Soung
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Cha-Molstad
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - In Ja Ryoo
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mi Ja Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Dong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
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Watt SM, Pleat JM. Stem cells, niches and scaffolds: Applications to burns and wound care. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:82-106. [PMID: 29106911 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The importance of skin to survival, and the devastating physical and psychological consequences of scarring following reparative healing of extensive or difficult to heal human wounds, cannot be disputed. We discuss the significant challenges faced by patients and healthcare providers alike in treating these wounds. New state of the art technologies have provided remarkable insights into the role of skin stem and progenitor cells and their niches in maintaining skin homeostasis and in reparative wound healing. Based on this knowledge, we examine different approaches to repair extensive burn injury and chronic wounds, including full and split thickness skin grafts, temporising matrices and scaffolds, and composite cultured skin products. Notable developments include next generation skin substitutes to replace split thickness skin autografts and next generation gene editing coupled with cell therapies to treat genodermatoses. Further refinements are predicted with the advent of bioprinting technologies, and newly defined biomaterials and autologous cell sources that can be engineered to more accurately replicate human skin architecture, function and cosmesis. These advances will undoubtedly improve quality of life for patients with extensive burns and difficult to heal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9BQ, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Pleat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust and University of Bristol, Westbury on Trym, Bristol BS9 3TZ, UK.
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