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Chen X, Yao N, Mao Y, Xiao D, Huang Y, Zhang X, Wang Y. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/CYP1B1 pathway alleviates oxidative stress and protects the blood-brain barrier under cerebral ischemia/reperfusion conditions. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1541-1547. [PMID: 38051897 PMCID: PMC10883507 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202407000-00033/figure1/v/2023-11-20T171125Z/r/image-tiff
Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway participate in stroke-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier. However, the potential links between them following ischemic stroke remain largely unknown. The present study found that cerebral ischemia leads to oxidative stress and repression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Meanwhile, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation by the pharmacological inhibitor, TWS119, relieved oxidative stress, increased the levels of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and tight junction-associated proteins (zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1], occludin and claudin-5), as well as brain microvascular density in cerebral ischemia rats. Moreover, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells that underwent oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation displayed intense oxidative stress, suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, aggravated cell apoptosis, downregulated CYP1B1 and tight junction protein levels, and inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Overexpression of β-catenin or knockdown of β-catenin and CYP1B1 genes in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells at least partly ameliorated or exacerbated these effects, respectively. In addition, small interfering RNA-mediated β-catenin silencing decreased CYP1B1 expression, whereas CYP1B1 knockdown did not change the levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Wnt-3a, and β-catenin proteins in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Thus, the data suggest that CYP1B1 can be regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin/CYP1B1 pathway contributes to alleviation of oxidative stress, increased tight junction levels, and protection of the blood-brain barrier against ischemia/hypoxia-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nannan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanguang Mao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongyun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Academy of Medical Science, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Testing Laboratory of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Zartab H, Aflatoonian M, Shamsi-Meymandi S, Pardakhty A, Isazadeh A, Firooz A, Amiri R. Assessing effectiveness of adding niosomal atorvastatin 1% ointment to topical calcineurin inhibitor treatment in non-segmental vitiligo. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2103-2108. [PMID: 38348697 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of vitiligo is still a big challenge for dermatologists. The efficacy of statins in the treatment of vitiligo is controversial. AIM AND OBJECTIVE We studied possible therapeutic effect of topical 1% niosomal atorvastatin ointment combined with topical 0.1% tacrolimus in treatment of non-segmental vitiligo. METHODS This is a triple blind, pilot, randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) that was performed in dermatology clinic. All the patients used topical 0.1% tacrolimus cream twice daily (BD). Moreover, the intervention group participants used topical 1% niosomal atorvastatin ointment, and control group participants were prescribed placebo ointment, BD. Patients were evaluated using vitiligo area surface index (VASI) score and patients' satisfaction at baseline and after 3 months treatment. RESULTS The mean patient satisfaction in the intervention and control groups were 5 ± 1.4 and 3.5 ± 1.9; the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.9). We found statistically significant difference in VASI score before and after treatment in both intervention and control groups (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). However, comparison of the VASI score between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). We also found no significant correlation between VASI score and other variables. CONCLUSION The result of this study indicates that adding of niosomal atorvastatin 1% ointment to topical calcineurin inhibitor has no additional effect on non-segmental type of vitiligo. Further large studies with different combinations are recommended before any conclusive result can be concluded on efficacy of statins in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zartab
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Taleghani Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahin Aflatoonian
- Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Simin Shamsi-Meymandi
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Neuropharmacology Institute, Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahdie Isazadeh
- Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Firooz
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Amiri
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Li Y, Zeng Y, Chen Z, Tan X, Mei X, Wu Z. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in vitiligo: a review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1291556. [PMID: 38361944 PMCID: PMC10867127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1291556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune dermatosis characterized by patchy skin depigmentation, causing significant psychological distress to the patients. Genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, oxidative stress, and autoimmunity contribute to melanocyte destruction in vitiligo. Due to the diversity and complexity of pathogenesis, the combination of inhibiting melanocyte destruction and stimulating melanogenesis gives the best results in treating vitiligo. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that can regulate the expression of various downstream genes and play roles in cell differentiation, immune response, and physiological homeostasis maintenance. Recent studies suggested that AhR signaling pathway was downregulated in vitiligo. Activation of AhR pathway helps to activate antioxidant pathways, inhibit abnormal immunity response, and upregulate the melanogenesis gene, thereby protecting melanocytes from oxidative stress damage, controlling disease progression, and promoting lesion repigmentation. Here, we review the relevant literature and summarize the possible roles of the AhR signaling pathway in vitiligo pathogenesis and treatment, to further understand the links between the AhR and vitiligo, and provide new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zile Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin X, Meng X, Lin J. The possible role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in vitiligo treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2208-2221. [PMID: 36912722 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic skin disease which has an adverse impact on patients' life. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving autoimmunity and oxidative stress (OS). Autoimmunity leads to the loss of epidermal melanocytes and the formation of the depigmented patches of the disease. Treatment of vitiligo should control the exaggerated immune response to arrest the progress of active disease, and then promote melanocytes to repigmentation. Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway has been of recent interest in vitiligo. Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is downregulated in vitiligo. Upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling possibly control vitiligo autoimmune response by protecting melanocyte from OS damage, inhibiting CD8+ T cell effector cell differentiation and enhancing Treg. Wnt/β-catenin signalling plays a critical role in the melanocyte regeneration by driving the differentiation of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) into melanocytes. Promoting Wnt/β-catenin signalling can not only arrest the progress of active disease of vitiligo but also promote repigmentation. Some of the main effective therapies for vitiligo are likely to work by activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Agents that can enhance the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signalling may become potential candidates for the development of new drugs for vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, Oaks, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Chang Y, Kang P, Cui T, Guo W, Zhang W, Du P, Yi X, Guo S, Gao T, Li C, Li S. Pharmacological inhibition of demethylzeylasteral on JAK-STAT signaling ameliorates vitiligo. J Transl Med 2023; 21:434. [PMID: 37403086 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of CD8+ T cells and their trafficking to the skin through JAK-STAT signaling play a central role in the development of vitiligo. Thus, targeting this key disease pathway with innovative drugs is an effective strategy for treating vitiligo. Natural products isolated from medicinal herbs are a useful source of novel therapeutics. Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, possesses immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS The efficacy of T-96 was tested in our mouse model of vitiligo, and the numbers of CD8+ T cells infiltration and melanocytes remaining in the epidermis were quantified using whole-mount tail staining. Immune regulation of T-96 in CD8+ T cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. Pull-down assay, mass spectrum analysis, molecular docking, knockdown and overexpression approaches were utilized to identify the target proteins of T-96 in CD8+ T cells and keratinocytes. RESULTS Here, we found that T-96 reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration in the epidermis using whole-mount tail staining and alleviated the extent of depigmentation to a comparable degree of tofacitinib (Tofa) in our vitiligo mouse model. In vitro, T-96 decreased the proliferation, CD69 membrane expression, and IFN-γ, granzyme B, (GzmB), and perforin (PRF) levels in CD8+ T cells isolated from patients with vitiligo. Pull-down assays combined with mass spectrum analysis and molecular docking showed that T-96 interacted with JAK3 in CD8+ T cell lysates. Furthermore, T-96 reduced JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation following IL-2 treatment. T-96 could not further reduce IFN-γ, GzmB and PRF expression following JAK3 knockdown or inhibit increased immune effectors expression upon JAK3 overexpression. Additionally, T-96 interacted with JAK2 in IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes, inhibiting the activation of JAK2, decreasing the total and phosphorylated protein levels of STAT1, and reducing the production and secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10. T-96 did not significantly inhibit STAT1 and CXCL9/10 expression following JAK2 knockdown, nor did it suppress upregulated STAT1-CXCL9/10 signaling upon JAK2 overexpression. Finally, T-96 reduced the membrane expression of CXCR3, and the culture supernatants pretreated with T-96 under IFN-γ stressed keratinocytes markedly blocked the migration of CXCR3+CD8+ T cells, similarly to Tofa in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that T-96 might have positive therapeutic responses to vitiligo by pharmacologically inhibiting the effector functions and skin trafficking of CD8+ T cells through JAK-STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengran Du
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen Z, Li Y, Xie Y, Nie S, Chen B, Wu Z. Roflumilast enhances the melanogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress-triggered damage in melanocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2023:S0923-1811(23)00080-4. [PMID: 37069030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of vitiligo is challenging due to limited treatment options, and therapeutic strategy varies according to the active or stable stage of vitiligo. PDE4 inhibitor has been used to treat various skin diseases, but the efficacy in vitiligo treatment is mixed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate whether roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor, induces melanogenesis and attenuates oxidative stress-triggered damage in melanocytes, and if so, what is the mechanism. METHODS Melanin content assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting, ELISA, immunofluorescence assays, immunohistochemistry, small interfering RNA, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy were employed. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that roflumilast alone only slightly increased melanogenesis, however, the combination of roflumilast and forskolin could boost cAMP levels, hence promoting melanogenesis more significantly. Moreover, roflumilast attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial morphological changes in melanocytes by reducing ROS levels. Furthermore, roflumilast activated AhR/Nrf2 pathway via cAMP whereas AhR silencing blocked roflumilast-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and reversed the inhibitory effect of roflumilast on H2O2-induced ROS production. Finally, we observed that the lesional skin of active vitiligo patients exhibited higher PDE4 expression levels. CONCLUSION roflumilast enhances the melanogenesis effect of forskolin and protects melanocytes from H2O2-induced apoptosis by cAMP/AhR/Nrf2-activated ROS inhibition, highlighting its therapeutic potential in vitiligo treatment.
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Xie B, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xu W, Song X. Treatment update for vitiligo based on autoimmune inhibition and melanocyte protection. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:189-206. [PMID: 36947026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2193329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of vitiligo remains challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, influenced by genetic factors, oxidative stress and abnormal cell adhesion that collectively impact melanocyte survival and trigger immune system attacks, resulting in melanocyte death. Melanocytes in vitiligo are believed to exhibit genetic susceptibility and defects in cellular mechanisms, such as defects in autophagy, that reduce their ability to resist oxidative stress, leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory protein HSP70. The low expression of adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, accelerates melanocyte damage and antigen exposure. Consequently, autoimmune attacks centered on IFN-γ-CXCR9/10-CXCR3-CD8+ T cells are initiated, causing vitiligo. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and potential therapeutic targets from the perspective of suppressing autoimmune attacks and activating melanocytes functions. EXPERT OPINION Vitiligo is one of the most challenging dermatological diseases due to its complex pathogenesis with diverse therapeutic targets. Immune suppression, such as corticosteroids and emerging JAK inhibitors, has proven effective in disease progression. However, during the early stages of the disease, it is also important to optimize therapeutic strategies to activate melanocytes for alleviating oxidative stress and improving treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
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Chang WL, Ko CH. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo: An Update on Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060936. [PMID: 36980277 PMCID: PMC10047323 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder caused by dysfunctional pigment-producing melanocytes which are attacked by immune cells. Oxidative stress is considered to play a crucial role in activating consequent autoimmune responses related to vitiligo. Melanin synthesis by melanocytes is the main intracellular stressor, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal physiological conditions, the antioxidative nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway functions as a crucial mediator for cells to resist oxidative stress. In pathological situations, such as with antioxidant defects or under inflammation, ROS accumulate and cause cell damage. Herein, we summarize events at the cellular level under excessive ROS in vitiligo and highlight exposure to melanocyte-specific antigens that trigger immune responses. Such responses lead to functional impairment and the death of melanocytes, which sequentially increase melanocyte cytotoxicity through both innate and adaptive immunity. This report provides new perspectives and advances our understanding of interrelationships between oxidative stress and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We describe progress with targeted antioxidant therapy, with the aim of providing potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chang
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Wu H, Niu C, Aisa HA. Research Progress of Small Molecules as Anti-vitiligo Agents. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-129498. [PMID: 36786141 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230214103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disease characterized by skin discoloration, and no safe and effective drugs have been developed until now. New drug research and development are imminent. This article reviews the research on small-molecule drugs for vitiligo from 1990 to 2021 at home and abroad. They are classified according to their structures and mechanisms of action, including natural products and derivatives, anti-oxidative stress drugs, immunosuppressants, prostaglandins, etc. The research on their anti-vitiligo activity, structural modification, new dosage forms, clinical trials, and the development trend in new anti-vitiligo drugs are reviewed, which provides important references for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
| | - Chao Niu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
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Zhou Y, Liao H, Yin S, Wang P, Ye X, Zhang J. Aryl-, halogenated- and alkyl- organophosphate esters induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120559. [PMID: 36328282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a group of extensively used man-made chemicals with diverse substituents that are ubiquitously detected in human-related samples including serum, breastmilk, food and house dust. The understanding of their toxicological effects and potential mechanisms on hepatocytes is still limited. In this study, nine most frequently detected OPEs were selected and divided into three subgroups (aryl-, halogenated- and alkyl-OPEs) based on their substituents. The cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by OPEs were evaluated in human hepatocellular carcinomas HepG2 cells. All OPEs induced apoptosis likely through a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. The activities of anti-oxidative enzyme SOD and CAT exhibited sensitive responses after OPEs treatment for 6 h. The OPEs induced ROS overproduction, DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation varied among aryl-, halogenated- and alkyl-OPEs. Halogenated- and alkyl- OPEs induced overproduction of ROS and DNA damage, and elevated ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation are observed aryl-OPEs induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Hanyu Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Pengqiao Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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Ogawa T, Ishitsuka Y. NRF2 in the Epidermal Pigmentary System. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010020. [PMID: 36671405 PMCID: PMC9855619 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a major part of the environmental responses and tissue development of the integumentary system. The balance between reduction and oxidation (redox) governs pigmentary responses, for which coordination among epidermal resident cells is indispensable. Here, we review the current understanding of melanocyte biology with a particular focus on the "master regulator" of oxidative stress responses (i.e., the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with cap'n'collar homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 system) and the autoimmune pigment disorder vitiligo. Our investigation revealed that the former is essential in pigmentogenesis, whereas the latter results from unbalanced redox homeostasis and/or defective intercellular communication in the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). Finally, we propose a model in which keratinocytes provide a "niche" for differentiated melanocytes and may "imprint" IFE pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-66-879-3031; Fax: +81-66-879-3039
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Shaker ESE, Allam SH, Mabrouk MM, Elgharbawy NM, Salaam SFA. Simvastatin and non-segmental vitiligo: A new potential treatment option? Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15969. [PMID: 36346030 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data about the impact of systemic statins on vitiliginous lesions in non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) patients. To the best of our knowledge, no other studies have considered the correlation between lipid disturbances in vitiligo and vitiligo disease activity (VIDA) score. We sought in this study to evaluate the influence of simvastatin on vitiliginous lesions in NSV patients with dyslipidemia and study the correlation between VIDA score and lipid profile. This clinical trial started with 120 patients with NSV, 79 patients had dyslipidemia and received simvastatin 80 mg daily (till normalization of lipid profile or for 4 months, which came first) and only 63 patients continued till the end of the study. Lipid profile, vitiligo area severity index and VIDA were assessed before and 6 months after the end of simvastatin use. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein, and LDL/HDL ratio showed statistically significant increases in the NSV than in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between VIDA and serum levels of TC and LDL and with LDL/HDL ratio. Simvastatin significantly improved the lipid profile and significantly decreased VIDA (p < 0.011). Negative moderate correlation was found between the decrease in VIDA and duration of disease (r = -0.562, p < 0.001). Simvastatin 80 mg daily could be a helpful treatment for NSV patients with dyslipidemia, controlling the vitiligo activity and protecting against the hazardous effects of dyslipidemia. Better results can be obtained in patients with short duration of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Seif E Shaker
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherihan H Allam
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maaly M Mabrouk
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M Elgharbawy
- Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Lyu C, Sun Y. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055958. [PMID: 36439174 PMCID: PMC9684661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmenting skin disorder characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes. Autoimmunity, genetic, environmental, and biochemical etiology have been proposed in vitiligo pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression are unclear, particularly for immunometabolism. Sporadic studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, and specific defects in other metabolic pathways can promote dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in vitiligo. These abnormalities appear to be driven by genetic and epigenetic factors modulated by stochastic events. In addition, glucose and lipid abnormalities in metabolism have been associated with vitiligo. Specific skin cell populations are also involved in the critical role of dysregulation of metabolic pathways, including melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tissue-resident memory T cells in vitiligo pathogenesis. Novel therapeutic treatments are also raised based on the abnormalities of immunometabolism. This review summarizes the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and novel treatment options.
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Liu JQ, Zhao XT, Qin FY, Zhou JW, Ding F, Zhou G, Zhang XS, Zhang ZH, Li ZB. Isoliquiritigenin mitigates oxidative damage after subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro by regulating Nrf2-dependent Signaling Pathway via Targeting of SIRT1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154262. [PMID: 35896045 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a crucial factor leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced early brain injury (EBI). Isoliquiritigenin has been verified as a powerful anti-oxidant in a variety of diseases models and can activate sirtuin 1 and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. However, the effects of isoliquiritigenin against EBI after SAH and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. PURPOSE The primary goal of this study is to verify the therapeutic effects of isoliquiritigenin on EBI after SAH and the possible molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN A prechiasmatic cistern SAH model in rats and a hemoglobin incubation SAH model in primary neurons were established. Isoliquiritigenin was administered after SAH induction. EX527 was employed to inhibit sirtuin 1 activation and ML385 was used to suppress Nrf2 signaling. METHODS In our study, neurological scores, brain edema, biochemical estimation, western blotting, and histopathological study were performed to explore the therapeutic action of isoliquiritigenin against SAH. RESULTS Our data revealed that isoliquiritigenin significantly mitigated oxidative damage after SAH as evidenced by decreased reactive oxygen species overproduction and enhanced intrinsic anti-oxidative system. Concomitant with the reduced oxidative insults, isoliquiritigenin improved neurological function and reduced neuronal death in the early period after SAH. Additionally, isoliquiritigenin administration significantly enhanced Nrf2 and sirtuin 1 expressions. Inhibition of Nrf2 by ML385 reversed the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects of isoliquiritigenin against SAH. Moreover, inhibiting sirtuin 1 by EX527 pretreatment suppressed isoliquiritigenin-induced Nrf2-dependent pathway and abated the cerebroprotective effects of isoliquiritigenin. In primary cortical neurons, isoliquiritigenin treatment also ameliorated oxidative insults and repressed neuronal degeneration. The beneficial aspects of isoliquiritigenin were attributed to the promotion of sirtuin 1 and Nrf2 signaling pathways and were counteracted by EX527. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that isoliquiritigenin exerts cerebroprotective effects against SAH-induced oxidative insults by modulating the Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant signaling in part through sirtuin 1 activation. Isoliquiritigenin might be a new potential drug candidate for SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qiang Liu
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Xin-Tong Zhao
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Fei-Yun Qin
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Jia-Wang Zhou
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Fei Ding
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgerya, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Zi-Huan Zhang
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Bao Li
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, PR China.
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15
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Xie B, Sun J, Song X. Hair Follicle Melanocytes Initiate Autoimmunity in Alopecia Areata: a Trigger Point. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:417-430. [PMID: 36121544 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by common non-scarring alopecia due to autoimmune disorders. To date, the specific pathogenesis underlying AA remains unknown. Thus, AA treatment in the dermatological clinic is still a challenge. Numerous clinical observations and experimental studies have established that melanocytes may be the trigger point that causes hair follicles to be attacked by the immune system. A possible mechanism is that the impaired melanocytes, under oxidative stress, cannot be repaired in time and causes apoptosis. Melanocyte-associated autoantigens are released and presented, inducing CD8+ T cell attacks. Thereafter, amplification of the immune responses further spreads to the entire hair follicle (HF). The immune privilege of HF subsequently collapses, leading to AA. Herein, we present a narrative review on the roles of melanocytes in AA pathogenesis, aiming to provide a better understanding of this disease from the melanocyte's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Hlača N, Žagar T, Kaštelan M, Brajac I, Prpić-Massari L. Current Concepts of Vitiligo Immunopathogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071639. [PMID: 35884944 PMCID: PMC9313271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired immune-mediated disorder of pigmentation clinically characterized by well-defined depigmented or chalk-white macules and patches on the skin. The prevalence of vitiligo varies by geographical area, affecting 0.5% to 2% of the population. The disease imposes a significant psychological burden due to its major impact on patients’ social and emotional aspects of life. Given its autoimmune background, vitiligo is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases or immune-mediated diseases. Vitiligo is a multifaceted disorder that involves both genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. In recent years, major predisposing genetic loci for the development of vitiligo have been discovered. The current findings emphasize the critical role of immune cells and their mediators in the immunopathogenesis of vitiligo. Oxidative-stress-mediated activation of innate immunity cells such as dendritic cells, natural killer, and ILC-1 cells is thought to be a key event in the early onset of vitiligo. Innate immunity cells serve as a bridge to adaptive immunity cells including T helper 1 cells, cytotoxic T cells and resident memory T cells. IFN-γ is the primary cytokine mediator that activates the JAK/STAT pathway, causing keratinocytes to produce the key chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. Complex interactions between immune and non-immune cells finally result in apoptosis of melanocytes. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the etiological and genetic factors that contribute to vitiligo, with a focus on immunopathogenesis and the key cellular and cytokine players in the disease’s inflammatory pathways.
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17
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Romano-Lozano V, Cruz-Avelar A, Peralta-Pedrero M. [Translated article] Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Vitiligo. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Factor nuclear eritroide similar al factor 2 en el vitíligo. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022; 113:705-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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19
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Lohakul J, Jeayeng S, Chaiprasongsuk A, Torregrossa R, Wood ME, Saelim M, Thangboonjit W, Whiteman M, Panich U. Mitochondria-Targeted Hydrogen Sulfide Delivery Molecules Protect Against UVA-Induced Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts, and in Mouse Skin In Vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1268-1288. [PMID: 34235951 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a role in the process of skin photoaging via activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and the subsequent degradation of collagen. The activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor controlling antioxidant and cytoprotective defense systems, might offer a pharmacological approach to prevent skin photoaging. We therefore investigated a pharmacological approach to prevent skin photoaging, and also investigated a protective effect of the novel mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide (H2S) delivery molecules AP39 and AP123, and nontargeted control molecules, on ultraviolet A light (UVA)-induced photoaging in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) in vitro and the skin of BALB/c mice in vivo. Results: In NHDFs, AP39 and AP123 (50-200 nM) but not nontargeted controls suppressed UVA (8 J/cm2)-mediated cytotoxicity and induction of MMP-1 activity, preserved cellular bioenergetics, and increased the expression of collagen and nuclear levels of Nrf2. In in vivo experiments, topical application of AP39 or AP123 (0.3-1 μM/cm2; but not nontargeted control molecules) to mouse skin before UVA (60 J/cm2) irradiation prevented skin thickening, MMP induction, collagen loss of oxidative stress markers 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), increased Nrf2-dependent signaling, as well as increased manganese superoxide dismutase levels and levels of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α). Innovation and Conclusion: Targeting H2S delivery to mitochondria may represent a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging, as well as being useful tools for determining the role of mitochondrial H2S in skin disorders and aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1268-1288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinapath Lohakul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowanee Jeayeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Mark E Wood
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Malinee Saelim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerawon Thangboonjit
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Hu W, Ma Y, Lin F, Zhou M, Xu AE. Narrowband Ultraviolet B Combined with Topical Simvastatin Solution in the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Case Report. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:362-364. [PMID: 35559713 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phototherapy is one of the treatments for vitiligo. To be specific, the combination of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) with topical preparations has currently become the most common therapeutic modality. Moreover, the research on new topical drug has been a hot issue in the field of vitiligo. Objective: At present, simvastatin has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vitiligo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report concerning the successful application of NB-UVB combined with topical simvastatin in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods: In this article, a clinical case report was presented, where the patient was not responsive to NB-UVB but was markedly responsive to the treatment of UVB combined with topical simvastatin. Results: A 34-year-old Chinese female patient with vitiligo was cured by NB-UVB combined with topical simvastatin solution. Conclusions: NB-UVB combined with topical simvastatin may be a potential treatment against vitiligo. This research was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fuquan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Miaoni Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ai-E Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, PR China
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21
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Research Progress on Targeted Antioxidant Therapy and Vitiligo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1821780. [PMID: 35320978 PMCID: PMC8938057 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1821780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmenting disease characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes and epidermal melanin. Vitiligo has a long treatment cycle and slow results, which is one of the most difficult challenges for skin diseases. Oxidative stress plays an important role as an initiating and driving factor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Antioxidant therapy has recently become a research hotspot in vitiligo treatment. A series of antioxidants has been discovered and applied to the treatment of vitiligo, which has returned satisfactory results. This article briefly reviews the relationship between oxidative stress and vitiligo. We also describe the progress of targeted antioxidant therapy in vitiligo, with the aim of providing a reference for new drug development and treatment options for this condition.
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22
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: A Culprit for Melanocyte Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8498472. [PMID: 35103096 PMCID: PMC8800607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8498472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by loss of pigmentation. Among various hypotheses proposed for the pathogenesis of vitiligo, oxidative stress-induced immune response that ultimately leads to melanocyte death remains most widely accepted. Oxidative stress which causes elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to dysfunction of molecules and organelles, triggering further immune response, and ultimately melanocyte death. In recent years, a variety of cell death modes have been studied, including apoptosis, autophagy and autophagic cell death, ferroptosis, and other novel modes of death, which will be discussed in this review in detail. Oxidative stress is also strongly linked to these modes of death. Under oxidative stress, ROS could induce autophagy by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway of melanocytes. However, persistent stimulation of ROS might eventually lead to excessive activation of Nrf2 antioxidant pathway, which in turn will inactivate autophagy. Moreover, ferroptosis may be triggered by oxidative-related transcriptional production, including ARE, the positive feedback loop related to p62, and the reduced activity and expression of GPX4. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that these modes of death are involved in the oxidative stress response, and that oxidative stress also acts as an initiator for various modes of death through some complex mechanisms. In this study, we aim to summarize the role of oxidative stress in vitiligo and discuss the corresponding mechanisms of interaction between various modes of cell death and oxidative stress. These findings may provide new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of vitiligo.
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Folic Acid Protects Melanocytes from Oxidative Stress via Activation of Nrf2 and Inhibition of HMGB1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1608586. [PMID: 34917229 PMCID: PMC8670940 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1608586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous depigmentation disease due to loss of epidermal melanocytes. Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress plays a vital role in vitiligo via directly destructing melanocytes and triggering inflammatory response that ultimately undermines melanocytes. Folic acid (FA), an oxidized form of folate with high bioavailability, exhibits potent antioxidant properties and shows therapeutic potential in multiple oxidative stress-related diseases. However, whether FA safeguards melanocytes from oxidative damages remains unknown. In this study, we first found that FA relieved melanocytes from H2O2-induced abnormal growth and apoptosis. Furthermore, FA enhanced the activity of antioxidative enzymes and remarkably reduced intracellular ROS levels in melanocytes. Subsequently, FA effectively activated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and Nrf2 knockdown blocked the protective effects of FA on H2O2-treated melanocytes. Additionally, FA inhibited the production of proinflammatory HMGB1 in melanocytes under oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings support the protective effects of FA on human melanocytes against oxidative injury via the activation of Nrf2 and the inhibition of HMGB1, thus indicating FA as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of vitiligo.
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Li J, Li Q, Gao N, Wang Z, Li F, Li J, Shan A. Exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviate hydrogen peroxide-induced intestinal oxidative damage and apoptosis through the Keap1/Nrf2 and Bax/Bcl-2 pathways in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:9632-9641. [PMID: 34664577 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00277e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on the antioxidative and antiapoptotic activities of intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). EPSs exhibited promising antioxidative activities, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical (˙OH) and superoxide anion radical (O2˙-) scavenging, as well as ferrous ion chelating ability. Moreover, EPSs of LGG could effectively alleviate the IPEC-J2 oxidative damage induced by H2O2 through the Bcl-2-associated (Bax)/B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways and up-regulated the intracellular tight junction (TJ)-related proteins. In addition, EPSs significantly improved the survival rates of H2O2-damaged IPEC-J2 cells and had no cytotoxic activity, suggesting that EPSs produced by LGG may be an effective drug for relieving oxidative stress. Our study provided a theoretical basis for exploration of the application of probiotic secondary metabolites in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuke Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
| | - Nan Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
| | - Jianping Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.
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GPNMB Extracellular Fragment Protects Melanocytes from Oxidative Stress by Inhibiting AKT Phosphorylation Independent of CD44. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910843. [PMID: 34639184 PMCID: PMC8509362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an important role in cancer metastasis and osteoblast differentiation. In the skin epidermis, GPNMB is mainly expressed in melanocytes and plays a critical role in melanosome formation. In our previous study, GPNMB was also found to be expressed in skin epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, decreased GPNMB expression was observed in the epidermis of lesional skin of patients with vitiligo. However, the exact role of keratinocyte-derived GPNMB and its effect on vitiligo is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that GPNMB expression was also decreased in rhododendrol-induced leukoderma, as seen in vitiligo. The extracellular soluble form of GPNMB (sGPNMB) was found to protect melanocytes from cytotoxicity and the impairment of melanogenesis induced by oxidative stress. Furthermore, the effect of rGPNMB was not altered by the knockdown of CD44, which is a well-known receptor of GPNMB, but accompanied by the suppressed phosphorylation of AKT but not ERK, p38, or JNK. In addition, we found that oxidative stress decreased both transcriptional GPNMB expression and sGPNMB protein expression in human keratinocytes. Our results suggest that GPNMB might provide novel insights into the mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of vitiligo and leukoderma.
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Wang J, Luo L, Ding Q, Wu Z, Peng Y, Li J, Wang X, Li W, Liu G, Zhang B, Tang Y. Development of a Multi-Target Strategy for the Treatment of Vitiligo via Machine Learning and Network Analysis Methods. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754175. [PMID: 34603063 PMCID: PMC8479195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a complex disorder characterized by the loss of pigment in the skin. The current therapeutic strategies are limited. The identification of novel drug targets and candidates is highly challenging for vitiligo. Here we proposed a systematic framework to discover potential therapeutic targets, and further explore the underlying mechanism of kaempferide, one of major ingredients from Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) willd, for vitiligo. By collecting transcriptome and protein-protein interactome data, the combination of random forest (RF) and greedy articulation points removal (GAPR) methods was used to discover potential therapeutic targets for vitiligo. The results showed that the RF model performed well with AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) = 0.926, and led to prioritization of 722 important transcriptomic features. Then, network analysis revealed that 44 articulation proteins in vitiligo network were considered as potential therapeutic targets by the GAPR method. Finally, through integrating the above results and proteomic profiling of kaempferide, the multi-target strategy for vitiligo was dissected, including 1) the suppression of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting CDK1 and PBK, and 2) the modulation of cellular redox homeostasis, especially the TXN and GSH antioxidant systems, for the purpose of melanogenesis. Meanwhile, this strategy may offer a novel perspective to discover drug candidates for vitiligo. Thus, the framework would be a useful tool to discover potential therapeutic strategies and drug candidates for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qiong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayuan Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Xiong J, Yang J, Yan K, Guo J. Ginsenoside Rk1 protects human melanocytes from H 2O 2‑induced oxidative injury via regulation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:821. [PMID: 34558653 PMCID: PMC8485120 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous depigmentation disorder caused by melanocyte injury or aberrant functioning. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered to be a major cause of the onset and progression of vitiligo. Ginsenoside Rk1 (RK1), a major compound isolated from ginseng, has antioxidant activity. However, whether RK1 can protect melanocytes against oxidative injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effect of RK1 against OS in the human PIG1 melanocyte cell line induced with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and to explore its underlying mechanism. PIG1 cells were pretreated with RK1 (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM) for 2 h followed by exposure to 1.0 mM H2O2 for 24 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined with Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px) were analyzed using ELISA kits. Protein expression levels, including Bax, caspase‑3, Bcl‑2, phosphorylated‑AKT, AKT, nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), cytosolic Nrf2 and nuclear Nrf2, were analyzed using western blot analysis. In addition, the expression and localization of Nrf2 were detected by immunofluorescence. RK1 treatment significantly improved cell viability, reduced the apoptotic rate and increased the activity levels of SOD, CAT and GSH‑Px in the PIG1 cell line exposed to H2O2. In addition, RK1 treatment notably induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, increased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO‑1, and the ratio of phosphorylated‑AKT to AKT in the PIG1 cells exposed to H2O2. Furthermore, LY294002 could reverse the protective effect of RK1 in melanocytes against oxidative injury. These data demonstrated that RK1 protected melanocytes from H2O2‑induced OS by regulating Nrf2/HO‑1 protein expression, which may provide evidence for the application of RK1 for the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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28
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Verma D, Hussain K, Namiq KS, Firoz A, Bouchama M, Raza M, Haris M, Khan S. Vitiligo: The Association With Metabolic Syndrome and the Role of Simvastatin as an Immunomodulator. Cureus 2021; 13:e14029. [PMID: 33898117 PMCID: PMC8059484 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition primarily affecting the skin where there is destruction of melanocytes characterized by pinkish-white patches on the skin. It is associated with other autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of disorders including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, and is considered a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. Simvastatin is a potent hypolipidemic drug that also possesses immunomodulating properties and is a common drug used in dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the association between vitiligo and metabolic syndrome and explore the immunomodulating properties of simvastatin for use in vitiligo. We reviewed various articles from PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar using different keywords and Medical Subject Headings and finalized 33 studies to be used in our review. The articles selected showed a positive association between vitiligo and metabolic syndrome or one of the component diseases of metabolic syndrome. The benefits of using simvastatin were also addressed by few articles attributing to its antioxidant and immunomodulating effect. However, there was no concrete explanation justifying the association between vitiligo and metabolic syndrome due to a limited number of studies and smaller sample size. Large-scale clinical trials should be conducted to evaluate the use of simvastatin as an immunomodulator in vitiligo to prevent possible metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Verma
- Internal Medicine/Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Khadija Hussain
- Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Karez S Namiq
- Oncology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amena Firoz
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Manel Bouchama
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maham Raza
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Internal Medicine, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster, GBR.,Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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29
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Chen J, Li S, Li C. Mechanisms of melanocyte death in vitiligo. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1138-1166. [PMID: 33200838 PMCID: PMC7983894 DOI: 10.1002/med.21754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigment disease results from extensive melanocytes destruction. The destruction of melanocyte is thought to be of multifactorial causation. Genome-wide associated studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a panel of susceptible loci as risk factors in melanocyte death. But vitiligo onset can't be solely attributed to a susceptive genetic background. Oxidative stress triggered by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species accounts for melanocytic molecular and organelle dysfunction, a minority of melanocyte demise, and melanocyte-specific antigens exposure. Of note, the self-responsive immune function directly contributes to the bulk of melanocyte deaths in vitiligo. The aberrantly heightened innate immunity, type-1-skewed T helper, and incompetent regulatory T cells tip the balance toward autoreaction and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes finally execute the killing of melanocytes, possibly alarmed by resident memory T cells. In addition to the well-established apoptosis and necrosis, we discuss several death modalities like oxeiptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis that are probably employed in melanocyte destruction. This review focuses on the various mechanisms of melanocytic death in vitiligo pathogenesis to demonstrate a panorama of that. We hope to provide new insights into vitiligo pathogenesis and treatment strategies by the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Chen
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of DermatologyXijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
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30
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Hasan R, Agarwal K, Podder I, Misitzis A, Schwartz RA, Wollina U, Lotti T, Grabbe S, Goldust M. Simvastatin in vitiligo: an update with recent review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:e390-e396. [PMID: 33554328 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with vitiligo often seek medical attention, as it diminishes their quality of life resulting in significant morbidity. Several topical and systemic therapies are in vogue targeting the immunological aspect of this disease, but results are often unsatisfactory, and complete cure remains elusive. Recently, simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylyglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, is being evaluated for vitiligo management because of its multimodal action, easy availability, and low cost. The proposed multimodal actions range from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, to immunomodulatory properties which may be of therapeutic benefit in vitiligo patients. The authors intend to evaluate the role of simvastatin as a novel therapeutic agent for vitiligo along with relevant review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidul Hasan
- Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Us-Bangla Medical College & Hospital, Narayangonj, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Angelica Misitzis
- Department of Dermatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torello Lotti
- Professor of Dermatology, University of Studies Guglielmo Marconi, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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31
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Li Y, Wu H, Wang Z, Tang H, Yang L. Tanshinone IIA, a melanogenic ingredient basis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. DERMATOL SIN 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ds.ds_1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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32
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Lin X, Meng X, Song Z, Lin J. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108670. [PMID: 33186606 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin which causes loss of melanocytes from the epidermis. Recently, it is demonstrated that oxidative stress (OS) plays a significant role in the immuno-pathogenesis of vitiligo. A major mechanism in the cellular defense against OS is activation of the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) signaling pathway. Recently it has been shown that vitiligo melanocytes have impaired Nrf2-ARE signaling. A number of drugs including those known as Nrf2 activators and those known to possess effects to activate Nrf2, have been used in treating vitiligo with certain therapeutic effects. Also, studies have shown that a number of compounds can protect melanocytes against OS via activating Nrf2. These compounds may be considered as candidates for developing new drugs for vitiligo in the future. Nrf2 can be considered as a potential therapeutic target for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, 450 Cresson BLVD, Oaks, PA, 19456, USA.
| | - Zhiqi Song
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Lu, Dalian, 116011, China.
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33
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Zhang S, Zdravković TP, Wang T, Liu Y, Jin H. Efficacy and safety of oral simvastatin in the treatment of patients with vitiligo. J Investig Med 2020; 69:393-396. [PMID: 33093072 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo, an autoimmune disease, is a depigmentation skin disorder characterized by hypopigmentation spots and patches that are difficult to treat. The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical efficacy of simvastatin in the treatment of vitiligo. From December 2016 to October 2019, five vitiligo patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were treated with simvastatin and tacrolimus. For simvastatin, the first three patients (patient 1, patient 2, and patient 3) began to take 40 mg/day, and the latter two patients began to take 20 mg/day. From week 5, patients 1 and 2 received 20 mg simvastatin once a day. And the 0.1% tacrolimus ointment was used topically. The response was measured using the Vitiligo European Task Force (VETF) scoring system at baseline and at the fourth and eighth weeks of treatment. The results of the VETF score showed that three of the patients achieved significant clinical efficacy. There was no significant improvement in the other two cases. No serious acute or chronic side effects were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that conventional oral simvastatin is safe, although it may not be effective in the treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tanja Prunk Zdravković
- Dermatovenerology Department, Celje General and Teaching Hospital, Celje, Slovenia-EU, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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34
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Homocysteine induces melanocytes apoptosis via PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway in vitiligo. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1127-1141. [PMID: 32400851 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a depigmentation disorder that develops as a result of the progressive disappearance of epidermal melanocytes. The elevated level of amino acid metabolite homocysteine (Hcy) has been identified as circulating marker of oxidative stress and known as a risk factor for vitiligo. However, the mechanism underlying Hcy-regulated melanocytic destruction is currently unknown. The present study aims to elucidate the effect of Hcy on melanocytic destruction and its involvement in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Our results showed that Hcy level was significantly elevated in the serum of progressive vitiligo patients. Notably, Hcy induced cell apoptosis in melanocytes via activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway. More importantly, folic acid, functioning in the transformation of Hcy, could lower the intracellular Hcy level and further reverse the apoptotic effect of Hcy on melanocytes. Additionally, Hcy disrupted melanogenesis whereas folic acid supplementation could reverse the melanogenesis defect induced by Hcy in melanocytes. Taken together, Hcy is highly increased in vitiligo patients at progressive stage, and our in vitro studies revealed that folic acid could protect melanocytes from Hcy-induced apoptosis and melanin synthesis inhibition, indicating folic acid as a potential benefit agent for patients with progressive vitiligo.
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35
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Protective effect of seleno-amino-oligosaccharide on oxidative damage of IPEC-1 cells by activating Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:972-978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Yuan J, Lu Y, Wang H, Feng Y, Jiang S, Gao XH, Qi R, Wu Y, Chen HD. Paeoniflorin Resists H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Melanocytes by JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 32410998 PMCID: PMC7198857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) possesses multiple biological functions including anti-oxidization. PF is the major bioactive ingredient of total glycosides of paeony (TGP), which could promote re-pigmentation of vitiligo. The study was sought to investigate the effects and potential signaling pathways of PF on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in melanocytes. The results showed that pretreatment with 50 µM PF significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, enhanced cell viability, and suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by enhancing the productions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT). Furthermore, PF activated c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway to counteract H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PIG1 and PIG3V. Taken together, our study firstly demonstrates that PF resists H2O2-induced oxidative stress in melanocytes probably by activating JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, suggesting a potential therapeutic application of PF on vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yansong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hexiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shibin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - RuiQun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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37
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Fang W, Tang L, Wang G, Lin J, Liao W, Pan W, Xu J. Molecular Hydrogen Protects Human Melanocytes from Oxidative Stress by Activating Nrf2 Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2230-2241.e9. [PMID: 32234461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is proven to be critical for the initiation and progression of vitiligo. Molecular hydrogen (H2) possesses potent antioxidant activity and has been shown to protect against various oxidative stress-related diseases. In this study, we first investigated the effects and mechanisms of H2 in human melanocytes damaged by hydrogen peroxide. We initially found that H2 reduced intracellular ROS accumulation and malondialdehyde levels in both vitiligo specimens and hydrogen peroxide-treated melanocytes in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, concomitant with the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity. Correspondingly, H2 reversed hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and dysfunction in both normal and vitiligo melanocytes. H2 protected mitochondrial morphology and function in melanocytes under stress and promoted the activation of Nrf2 signaling, whereas Nrf2 deficiency abolished the protective effect of H2 against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, H2 positively modulated β-catenin in hydrogen peroxide-treated melanocytes, and the β-catenin pathway was implicated in H2-induced Nrf2 activation. Collectively, our results indicate that H2 could be a promising therapeutic agent for vitiligo treatment via attenuating oxidative damage, and its beneficial effect in human melanocytes might involve Wnt/β-catenin-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Emergency room, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China.
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38
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Zhang B, Wang J, Zhao G, Lin M, Lang Y, Zhang D, Feng D, Tu C. Apigenin protects human melanocytes against oxidative damage by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:277-285. [PMID: 31953635 PMCID: PMC7058778 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic, autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, resulting in progressively expanding depigmented skin patches. Severity of the disorder, which affects approximately 1% of humans, may be mitigated using topical corticosteroids combined with phototherapy; along with other clinical strategies; however, no definitive cures are currently available. Here, the capacity of apigenin, a plant-derived aglycone, to inhibit oxidative stress-mediated melanocyte depletion in vitro using a PIG3V vitiligo perilesional melanocyte cell model is evaluated. PIG3V cells, treated with selected doses of apigenin, were challenged with H2O2, then assessed for viability and the oxidative stress-related parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and downstream targets was detected using Western blotting. Outcomes demonstrated that compared with negative control cultures, apigenin-treated cells exhibited enhanced viability. Likewise, apigenin enhanced expression of the cellular anti-oxidants SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, but inhibited production of MDA, an oxidative stress biomarker. Interestingly, the expression and nuclear localization of the Nrf2 transcription factor, an important regulator oxidative stress and its downstream target genes, was significantly increased by apigenin treatment. Apigenin influence on Nrf2 was further validated by experiments demonstrating that Nrf2 knockdown cells failed to exhibit significant apigenin-mediated effects on cell viability and oxidative stress. Apigenin's non-toxicity and ability to affect multiple oxidative stress-related parameters through its effects on Nrf2 signaling in melanocytes suggests that it may prove to be a valuable therapeutic tool in long-term management of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Division of Rheumatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Changle County People's Hospital, Changle, 262400, Shandong, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Yong Lang
- Department of Dermatology, Gaomi People's Hospital, Gaomi, 261500, Shandong, China
| | - Diancai Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Dianqin Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Qingzhou, 262500, Shandong, China
| | - Caixia Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No.467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116027, Liaoning, China.
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39
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Huang B, Sun X, Xu A. MiR-217 inhibition relieves oxidative stress-induced melanocyte damage by targeting sirtuin 1. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1727773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, PR China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, PR China
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, PR China
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40
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Nguyen S, Chuah SY, Fontas E, Khemis A, Jhingan A, Thng STG, Passeron T. Atorvastatin in Combination With Narrowband UV-B in Adult Patients With Active Vitiligo: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 154:725-726. [PMID: 29617528 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.6401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Eric Fontas
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Nice, France
| | - Abdallah Khemis
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Passeron
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, team 12, C3M, Nice, France
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41
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Qin L, Xie X, Fang P, Lin J. Prophylactic simvastatin treatment modulates the immune response and increases survival of mice following induction of lethal sepsis. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:3850-3859. [PMID: 31307265 PMCID: PMC6726777 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519858508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether and how simvastatin mediates protection from lethal sepsis, using a mouse model. Methods Sixty C57BL/6 mice were selected and divided into three groups (“control,” “model,” and “observation”; n = 20 mice per group). Mice in the model and observation groups underwent cecal ligation and puncture; mice in the observation group received simvastatin. After 24 hours of induced sepsis, serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Results The mean duration of survival of mice in the observation group was significantly longer than that of the model group. The serum concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-10, and MDA were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group. Serum SOD activities were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group. Conclusions Simvastatin can alleviate symptoms of sepsis in mice and improve their rates of survival. The mechanism of action of simvastatin may be mediated by inhibition of the systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Qin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peipei Fang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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42
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Zhang S, Yi X, Su X, Jian Z, Cui T, Guo S, Gao T, Li C, Li S, Xiao Q. Ginkgo biloba extract protects human melanocytes from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress by activating Nrf2. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5193-5199. [PMID: 31148371 PMCID: PMC6653340 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common skin depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes. Its pathogenesis is complicated and oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of vitiligo. Thus, antioxidant therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent or even reverse the progression of depigmentation. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 has been confirmed to have protective effects on neurons against oxidative stress. Notably, several clinical trials have shown that patients with stable vitiligo achieved repigmentation after taking EGb761. However, the exact mechanism underlying the protective effects of EGb761 on melanocytes against oxidative stress has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that EGb761 effectively protected melanocytes against oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and alleviated the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation by enhancing the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Furthermore, the antioxidative effect of EGb761 was achieved by activating Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidative genes. In addition, interfering Nrf2 with siRNA abolished the protective effects of EGb761 on melanocytes against oxidative damage. In conclusion, our study proves that EGb761 could protect melanocytes from H2O2‐induced oxidative stress by activating Nrf2. Therefore, EGb761 is supposed to be a potential therapeutic agent for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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43
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Cui T, Zhang W, Li S, Chen X, Chang Y, Yi X, Kang P, Yang Y, Chen J, Liu L, Jian Z, Li K, Wang G, Gao T, Song P, Li C. Oxidative Stress-Induced HMGB1 Release from Melanocytes: A Paracrine Mechanism Underlying the Cutaneous Inflammation in Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2174-2184.e4. [PMID: 30998983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a cutaneous depigmentation disorder caused by the destruction of epidermal melanocytes. The generation and the skin infiltration of autoreactive CD8+ cytotoxic T cells triggered by oxidative stress play a critical role in vitiligo. High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a classic damage-associated molecular pattern molecule with strong proinflammatory effects in inflammatory reactions. A previous study reported an enhanced expression of HMGB1 in vitiligo lesions, but the role of HMGB1 in cutaneous inflammation of vitiligo is still unknown. In the present study, we initially found that HMGB1 was released from the nucleus of melanocytes in vitiligo perilesional skin. Furthermore, cultured normal human melanocytes could release HMGB1 under treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, HMGB1 facilitated the secretion of CXCL16 and IL-8 from keratinocytes by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products and activating NF-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. Subsequently, HMGB1 led to the formation of chemotaxis for the migration of CD8+ T cells from patients with vitiligo by increasing the release of CXCL16 from keratinocytes. Additionally, HMGB1 promoted the maturation of dendritic cells from patients with vitiligo. Altogether, our study demonstrates that HMGB1 released from melanocytes contributes to the formation of oxidative stress-induced autoimmunity in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqian Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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44
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Wang C, Ku P, Nie X, Bao S, Wang Z, Li K. Effects of simvastatin on the PXR signaling pathway and the liver histology in Mugilogobius abei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:399-409. [PMID: 30240922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin is one of the most commonly cholesterol-lowering prescribed drugs all over the world. With the increase of consumption of these pharmaceuticals and subsequent their discharge into the aquatic environment in recent years, they are present at detectable levels in most sewage effluents. Unfortunately, limited information is provided about their potential impacts on aquatic organisms, especially on the detoxification-related metabolism in fish. In the present study, one local native benthic fish (Mugilogobius abei) in southern China was employed as test species and exposed to SV (0.5 μg L-1, 5 μg L-1, 50 μg L-1 and 500 μg L-1) for 72 h. The transcriptional expression of nucleus transcriptional factor pregnane X receptor (PXR) and its downstream targeted genes including multixenobiotics resistance protein or permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), cytochrome 1A (CYP1A), cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the expression of associated microRNA such as miR-27, miR-34 and miR-148 in Mugilogobius abei were investigated. Result showed that the expressions of P-gp, CYP 1A, CYP 3A, GST and PXR were induced to some extend under simvastatin exposure for 72 h. A positive correlation was observed between PXR and CYP1A, CYP3A and P-gp. While for microRNA, a negative relationship was found between miR-34a and CYP3A, CYP1A. The expression of miR-148a was significantly induced under the exposure of SV (50 μg L-1), which was positive related to the transcriptional expression of PXR. For enzyme activity, erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) significantly increased at 24 h and the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) exhibited different trends. CAT was slightly inhibited at 24 h exposure but SOD was significantly induced in high concentration. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was significant inhibited after 72 h exposure. The reductive small molecule glutathione (GSH) content showed obvious decrease, while the quantity of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in high concentrations of SV exposure. GSH and MDA showed a typical negative correlation to some degree. Moreover, simvastatin caused histological changes in the liver tissues of M. abei, especially the size of adipocyte significantly decreased. The present study indicated that environmentally relevant concentration SV may affect the PXR signaling pathway in M. abei and pose potential ecological risks to non-target organisms like fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peijia Ku
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Shuang Bao
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kaibin Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
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45
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Wang Y, Li S, Li C. Perspectives of New Advances in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: From Oxidative Stress to Autoimmunity. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1017-1023. [PMID: 30723188 PMCID: PMC6373225 DOI: 10.12659/msm.914898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune cutaneous disease in which melanocytes are destroyed by CD8+ T cells resulting in disfiguring white spots. From the very beginning of the disease, oxidative stress plays a significant role in promoting the onset of vitiligo, as noted by many studies. Multiple factors lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and collaboratively cause ROS accumulation in vulnerable melanocytes. However, ROS are responsible for melanocyte damage manifested by the level of molecules, organelles, and cells, and the generation of autoantigens, through different pathways related to the dysregulation of melanocytes. Recent studies have shown that presentation of autoantigens is mediated by innate immunity, which bridges the gap between oxidative stress and adaptive immunity. The recruitment of CD8+ T cells induced by cytokines and chemokines guarantees the final destruction of epidermal melanocytes. Moreover, emerging concerns regarding regulatory T cells and resident memory T cells help explain the reinstatement and relapse of vitiligo. Here, we provide new perspectives in the advances in understanding of this disease pathogenesis and we attempt to find more interrelationships between oxidative stress and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Shuli Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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46
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Zhong H, An X, Li Y, Cai M, Ahmad O, Shang J, Zhou J. Sodium tanshinone IIA silate increases melanin synthesis by activating the MAPK and PKA pathways and protects melanocytes from H2O2-induced oxidative stress. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18747-18757. [PMID: 35516905 PMCID: PMC9065168 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09786k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an intriguing depigmentation disorder that affects about 0.5–2% of the world population. In the past decade, first-line treatments of vitiligo have involved the use of calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has been widely applied in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. In the present study, the effect of STS on melanogenesis was confirmed in the B16F10 cells and zebrafish by direct observation. The prevention of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress has been proven to be beneficial to vitiligo patients, and STS that can protect the B16F10 cells against oxidative stress has been investigated in the present reversed study. Moreover, we found that pre-treatment with STS led to a concentration-dependent mitochondrial impairment and decreased cell apoptosis of the B16F10 cells in response to H2O2. In addition, we demonstrated that STS increased melanin synthesis in the B16F10 cells by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways. STS also increased the Cdc42 and KIF5b expression to stimulate the translocation of melanin. These results suggest that STS protects the B16F10 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and exerts melanin synthesis activity in the B16F10 cells by activating the MAPK and PKA pathways; thus, it shows therapeutic potential for vitiligo. Vitiligo is an intriguing depigmentation disorder that affects about 0.5–2% of the world population.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong An
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence
- Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200083
- China
| | - Minxuan Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Owais Ahmad
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- P. R. China
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47
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Tang L, Fang W, Lin J, Li J, Wu W, Xu J. Vitamin D protects human melanocytes against oxidative damage by activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1527-1537. [PMID: 30206310 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D analogs have been widely utilized for the treatment of vitiligo, but the molecular mechanism underlying their pharmacological effects (especially their antioxidant properties) has not yet been investigated. We evaluated the relationship between serum vitamin D level and oxidative damage severity in vitiligo patients, and investigated the molecular mechanism of vitamin D in protecting melanocytes against oxidative stress. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and malondialdehyde (MDA) were first measured in patients. A variety of in vitro experiments such as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular viability, migration, and apoptotic assays were then performed to detect the effects of vitamin D or β-catenin silencing on H2O2-treated melanocytes. Expression of Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, apoptotic, and MITF pathways was finally examined using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. In this study, we initially found that vitamin D insufficiency was closely associated with the severity of oxidative stress in vitiligo patients. Using ex vivo cell models, we further showed that vitamin D positively modulated β-catenin signaling at both translational and posttranslational levels in melanocytes under oxidative stress. Like WNT agonists, vitamin D significantly inhibited ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis in H2O2-treated melanocytes and promoted their proliferative and migratory activity, while the protective effects of vitamin D against oxidative stress were abolished by β-catenin silencing in melanocytes. Furthermore, β-catenin deficiency also blocked the activation of Nrf2 and MITF as well as the inhibition of apoptosis induced by vitamin D. Taken together, vitamin D insufficiency was associated with severity of oxidative stress in vitiligo patients. Our work also provides new insights into the mechanism of vitamin D against vitiligo, in which vitamin D protects melanocytes against oxidative stress by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,The Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China.
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48
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Wu Z, Wang Y, Meng X, Wang X, Li Z, Qian S, Wei Y, Shu L, Ding Y, Wang P, Peng Y. Total C-21 steroidal glycosides, isolated from the root tuber of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight, attenuate hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury and inflammation in L02 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3157-3170. [PMID: 30272289 PMCID: PMC6202073 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of liver disorders. Total C-21 steroidal glycosides (TCSGs), isolated from the root tuber of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight, have been reported to exert numerous effects, including liver protective and antioxidant effects. In order to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of TCSGs on liver function, the present study used the human normal liver cell line, L02, to evaluate the effects of TCSGs on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury and inflammatory responses. The L02 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of TCSGs, followed by exposure to 1.5 mM H2O2. Cell viability was determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured using colorimetric assays. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also determined. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using a fluorescent probe. H2O2-induced oxidative toxicity was attenuated following treatment with TCSGs, as indicated by the increase in cell viability, the decreased levels of ALT, AST, LDH, NO, MDA and ROS, and the increased activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. To further explore the possible mechanisms of action of TCSGs, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF)-κB pathways were examined. The results revealed that treatment with TCSGs markedly induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the L02 cells damaged by H2O2. In addition, pretreatment with TCSGs inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway by blocking the degradation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα), thereby reducing the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as well as reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that TCSGs can protect L02 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative toxicity and inflammatory injury by increasing the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xian Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Shihui Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Luan Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Peijuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunru Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Tong H, Zhang X, Meng X, Lu L, Mai D, Qu S. Simvastatin Inhibits Activation of NADPH Oxidase/p38 MAPK Pathway and Enhances Expression of Antioxidant Protein in Parkinson Disease Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:165. [PMID: 29872377 PMCID: PMC5972184 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Simvastatin has been suggested to protect against oxidative stress in several diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms by which simvastatin protects against neuropathology and oxidative damage in PD are poorly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of simvastatin owing to its anti-oxidative properties in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated SH-SY5Y cells and mice. The results of 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence and CCK-8 assay demonstrated that simvastatin reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed apoptosis in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that 6-OHDA-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was inhibited and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear transcription decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after simvastatin treatment. Enhanced expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) were observed after simvastatin treatment in 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo studies revealed that administration of simvastatin by gavage decreased limb-use asymmetry and apomorphine-induced rotations in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Simvastatin increased dopaminergic neurons and reduced protein tyrosine nitration and gliosis in the midbrain of PD mice. An inhibitory effect on activation of the NADPH oxidase/p38 MAPK was observed, and increased antioxidant protein expression in the midbrain were seen in the simvastatin plus 6-OHDA group compared with the 6-OHDA-lesioned group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that simvastatin might inhibit the activation of NADPH oxidase/p38 MAPK pathway, enhance antioxidant protein expression and protect against oxidative stress, thereby providing a novel antioxidant mechanism that has therapeutic validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichun Tong
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Meng
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Dongmei Mai
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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50
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Lu W, Zhao Y, Kong Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Li W, Wang K. Geniposide prevents H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage in melanocytes by activating the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018. [PMID: 29512905 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one possible pathogenic event in vitiligo that induces melanocyte destruction. Geniposide exerts certain antioxidant effects on various cells by activating the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling pathway. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether geniposide protects human melanocytes from oxidative stress or identified the underlying mechanism of such protection. AIM To determine whether geniposide protects melanocytes from H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage and to explore the role of the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway in this protective effect. METHODS The antioxidant effects of geniposide on human melanocytes were examined by measuring cell viability, apoptosis rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). We examined expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9 proteins to determine the involvement of the PI3K-Akt pathway. RESULTS Pretreatment with geniposide 5, 25, 125 or 625 μmol/L increased cell viability and decreased the apoptosis rate of H2 O2 -treated melanocytes. In addition, geniposide enhanced the antioxidant activity of SOD and CAT, and decreased intracellular ROS accumulation. Furthermore, geniposide increased the levels of p-Akt and regulated the expression of downstream proteins in the PI3K-Akt pathway, such as Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 and 9, in H2 O2 -treated melanocytes. Notably, these effects were largely blocked by treatment with LY294002 prior to H2 O2 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, geniposide protects human melanocytes from H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage, and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway is involved in its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y Kong
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Jiangbei, Nanjing, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaifeng Second People's Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - W Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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