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L’Estrange-Stranieri E, Gottschalk TA, Wright MD, Hibbs ML. The dualistic role of Lyn tyrosine kinase in immune cell signaling: implications for systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395427. [PMID: 39007135 PMCID: PMC11239442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, lupus) is a debilitating, multisystem autoimmune disease that can affect any organ in the body. The disease is characterized by circulating autoantibodies that accumulate in organs and tissues, which triggers an inflammatory response that can cause permanent damage leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Lyn, a member of the Src family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, is highly implicated in SLE as remarkably both mice lacking Lyn or expressing a gain-of-function mutation in Lyn develop spontaneous lupus-like disease due to altered signaling in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, suggesting its expression or activation state plays a critical role in maintaining tolerance. The past 30 years of research has begun to elucidate the role of Lyn in a duplicitous signaling network of activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors and related targets, including interactions with the interferon regulatory factor family in the toll-like receptor pathway. Gain-of-function mutations in Lyn have now been identified in human cases and like mouse models, cause severe systemic autoinflammation. Studies of Lyn in SLE patients have presented mixed findings, which may reflect the heterogeneity of disease processes in SLE, with impairment or enhancement in Lyn function affecting subsets of SLE patients that may be a means of stratification. In this review, we present an overview of the phosphorylation and protein-binding targets of Lyn in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells, highlighting the structural domains of the protein that are involved in its function, and provide an update on studies of Lyn in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan L’Estrange-Stranieri
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark D. Wright
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L. Hibbs
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Bai R, Wu S, Liu X, Xing Z, Luo R, Zhang W, Liu M, Ma X, Lei H, Wang N, Zheng Y. Bioinformatic Analysis to Identify and Cellular Experiments to Validate Autophagy-related Genes in Psoriasis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1318-1328. [PMID: 37881076 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073238968230920054712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with autophagy in psoriasis using bioinformatics analysis and verify them in an M5-induced psoriatic cell model. METHODS We obtained gene expression microarray data from patients with psoriasis and normal skin tissues from the dataset GSE78097 of the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R software was used to identify DEGs associated with autophagy in psoriasis. Proteinprotein interaction (PPI) and correlation analyses were used to show interactions between certain genes. Their potential biological roles were determined using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Finally, all the DEGs associated with autophagy in psoriasis were validated in a psoriatic cell model by RT-qPCR. RESULTS 28 DEGs associated with autophagy were identified. These genes were linked to one another, and the most connected hub gene was VEGFA, according to PPI analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed various biological pathways associated with autophagy. The RT-qPCR findings of the expression of 18 genes in the psoriatic cell model confirmed the bioinformatics analysis results. The five genes with the most significant differences were IL24, CCL2, NAMPT, PPP1R15A, and SPHK1. CONCLUSION We identified DEGs associated with autophagy in patients with psoriasis. IL24, CCL2, NAMPT, PPP1R15A, and SPHK1 were identified as important genes that may influence psoriasis development through the regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Zixuan Xing
- Department of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ruiting Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
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Frost B, Schmidt M, Klein B, Loeffler-Wirth H, Krohn K, Reidenbach T, Binder H, Stubenvoll A, Simon JC, Saalbach A, Kunz M. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals prominent expression of IL-14, IL-18, and IL-32 in psoriasis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250354. [PMID: 37540729 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving different cytokines and chemokines. OBJECTIVES Here we use single-cell transcriptomic analyses to identify relevant immune cell and nonimmune cell populations for an in-depth characterization of cell types and inflammatory mediators in this disease. METHODS Psoriasis skin lesions of eight patients are analyzed using single-cell technology. Data are further validated by in situ hybridization (ISH) of human tissues, serum analyses of human samples and tissues of a murine model of psoriasis, and by in vitro cell culture experiments. RESULTS Several different immune-activated cell types with particular cytokine patterns are identified such as keratinocytes, T-helper cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Apart from well-known factors, IL-14 (TXLNA), IL-18, and IL-32 are identified with prominent expression in individual cell types in psoriasis. The percentage of inflammatory cellular subtypes expressing IL-14, IL-18, and IL-32 was significantly higher in psoriatic skin compared with healthy control skin. These findings were confirmed by ISH of human skin samples, in a murine model of psoriasis, in human serum samples, and in in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we provide a differentiated view of psoriasis immune-cell phenotypes that support the role of IL-14, IL-18, and IL-32 in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennet Frost
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knuth Krohn
- Medical Faculty, Center for DNA Technologies, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timo Reidenbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Stubenvoll
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Shahi A, Afzali S, Amirzargar A, Mohaghegh P, Salehi S, Mansoori Y. Potential roles of inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of Psoriasis: A comprehensive review. Mol Immunol 2023; 161:44-60. [PMID: 37481828 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease whose pathophysiology is attributed to both innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules. Despite the crucial roles of the immune system in psoriasis, it cannot be categorized as an autoimmune disease because of the lack of main signs of autoimmunity, such as specific antibodies, well-defined antigens, and autoimmune genetic risk factors. The presence of some cellular and molecular properties, such as the presence of neutrophils in skin lesions and the activation of the innate immune system, attributes psoriasis to a group of diseases called autoinflammatory disorders. Autoinflammatory diseases refer to a group of inherited disorders whose main manifestations are recurrent fever, a high level of acute-phase reactant, and a tendency for inflammation of the skin, joints, and other organs like the nervous system. In most autoinflammatory disorders, it has been seen that complexes of the high-molecular-weight protein named inflammasomes have significant roles. The inflammasome complex usually is formed and activated in the stimulated immune cell cytoplasm, and its activation consequently leads to inflammatory events such as producing of active caspase-1, mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 and can cause an inflammatory programmed cell death called pyroptosis. Since the identification of inflammasomes, it has been shown that there are close links between them and hereditary and acquired autoinflammatory diseases like psoriasis. In this review, we aim to focus on well-defined inflammasome and their role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Afzali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Mohaghegh
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Mohammadi F, Yadegar A, Mardani M, Ayati A, Abolhassani H, Rezaei N. Organ-based clues for diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity: A practical guide for clinicians. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e833. [PMID: 37102642 PMCID: PMC10091206 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) comprise a group of about 490 genetic disorders that lead to aberrant functioning or the development of distinct immune system components. So far, a broad spectrum of IEI-related manifestations has been noted in the literature. Due to overlapping signs and symptoms of IEI, physicians face challenges in appropriately diagnosing and managing affected individuals. The last decade has witnesses improving in the molecular diagnosis of IEI patients. As a result, it can be the mainstay of diagnostic algorithms, prognosis, and possibly therapeutic interventions in patients with IEI. Furthermore, reviewing IEI clinical complications demonstrates that the manifestations and severity of the symptoms depend on the involved gene that causes the disease and its penetrance. Although several diagnostic criteria have been used for IEI, not every patient can be explored in the same way. As a result of the failure to consider IEI diagnosis and the variety of diagnostic capabilities and laboratory facilities in different regions, undiagnosed patients are increasing. On the other hand, early diagnosis is an almost essential element in improving the quality of life in IEI patients. Since there is no appropriate guideline for IEI diagnosis in different organs, focusing on the clues in the patient's chief complaint and physical exams can help physicians narrow their differential diagnosis. This article aims to provide a practical guide for IEI diagnosis based on the involved organ. We hope to assist clinicians in keeping IEI diagnosis in mind and minimizing possible related complications due to delayed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yadegar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahta Mardani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Ayati
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Tehran, Iran
- Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
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Meng J, Li N, Liu X, Qiao S, Zhou Q, Tan J, Zhang T, Dong Z, Qi X, Kijlstra A, Mao L, Yang P, Hou S. NLRP3 Attenuates Intraocular Inflammation by Inhibiting AIM2-Mediated Pyroptosis Through the Phosphorylated Salt-Inducible Kinase 1/Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 Pathway. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 75:842-855. [PMID: 36529965 DOI: 10.1002/art.42420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to be involved in the development of uveitis, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. This study was undertaken to explore the role of NLRP3 in the development of uveitis. METHODS First, Nlrp3-deficient mice were used to study the role of NLRP3 in experimental autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Next, the gathering of ASC, activation of caspase 1 and gasdermin D, and secretion of lactate dehydrogenase and interleukin-1β were detected to confirm macrophage pyroptosis and AIM2 activation in the Nlrp3-/- mice. Additionally, RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the phosphorylated salt-inducible kinase 1 (p-SIK1)/sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) pathway, which regulates the transcription of Aim2. Finally, overexpression of Nlrp3 was applied to treat EAU. RESULTS Surprisingly, our findings show that NLRP3 plays an antiinflammatory role in 2 models of EAU and EAE. Additionally, macrophages show an increased M1 activation and pyroptosis in Nlrp3-/- mice. Further experiments indicate that this pyroptosis of macrophages was mediated by the up-regulated transcription of Aim2 as a result of Nlrp3 deficiency. In mechanistic studies, Nlrp3 deficiency was implicated in the down-regulation of p-SIK1 and subsequently the up-regulation of SREBF1, which binds to Aim2 and then promotes the latter's transcription. Finally, Aim2 deficiency, RNA silencing of Aim2 or Srebf1, and overexpression of Nlrp3 resulted in attenuated inflammation of EAU. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that NLRP3 inhibits AIM2 inflammasome-mediated EAU by regulating the p-SIK1/SREBF1 pathway, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting Nlrp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianyang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Qilu Hospital, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Qilu Hospital, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, and Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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UBE2L3 Reduces TRIM21 Expression and IL-1β Secretion in Epidermal Keratinocytes and Improves Psoriasis-Like Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:822-831.e4. [PMID: 36502938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, are important mediators of psoriasis. UBE2L3, an E2 enzyme, is thought to be an indirect target of IL-1β secretion by binding to ubiquitin ligases such as TRIM21. However, its role in psoriasis remains unknown. In this study, we found that UBE2L3 expression was decreased in psoriatic epidermis, whereas caspase 1 and IL-1β signaling were strongly activated. When normal human epidermal keratinocytes were stimulated with nigericin, adenosine triphosphate, and poly(dA:dT), downregulation of UBE2L3 and increased secretion of IL-1β were observed. Treatment with a caspase 1 inhibitor reversed the decrease in the level of UBE2L3. In addition, UBE2L3 overexpression reduced TRIM21, decreased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway activity, and reduced the level of the IL-1β precursor (pro‒IL-1β). Consistently, silencing UBE2L3 enhanced TRIM21 expression, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, and pro‒IL-1β production. Finally, in an imiquimod-induced mouse model, UBE2L3 reduction and caspase 1 activation were localized in the epidermis, whereas overexpression of UBE2L3 ameliorated psoriasis-like lesions and reduced pro‒IL-1β and mature IL-1β levels in the epidermis. Thus, UBE2L3 may be a protective biomarker that regulates IL-1β and inhibits TRIM21 in the epidermis of psoriasis.
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Chen Y, Chen X, Liang S, Ou Y, Lin G, Hua L, Wu X, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Cai H, Yang Z, Hu W, Sun P. Chlorquinaldol inhibits the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110122. [PMID: 36002070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic autoinflammatory/autoimmune skin disease associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines. The pivotal role of interleukin (IL)-1β and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has been widely described. Accordingly, the suppression of NLRP3-dependent IL-1β release is a potential therapy for psoriasis. Repurposing marketed drugs is a strategy for identifying new inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Herein, chlorquinaldol (CQD), a historic antimicrobial agent used as a topical treatment for skin and vaginal infections, was found to have a distinct effect by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation at concentrations ranging from 2 to 6 μM. CQD significantly suppressed apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization, NLRP3-ASC interaction, and pyroptosis in macrophages. The levels of cleaved IL-1β and caspase-1 were reduced by CQD in the cell lysates of macrophages, suggesting that CQD acted on upstream of pore formation in the cell membrane. Mechanistically, CQD reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production but did not affect the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Intraperitoneal administration of CQD (15 mg/kg) for 6 days was found to improve the skin lesions in the imiquimod-induced psoriatic mouse model (male C57BL/6 mice), while secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17 and IL-1β) and keratinocyte proliferation were significantly suppressed by CQD. In conclusion, CQD exerted inhibitory effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages and decreased the severity of psoriatic response in vivo. Such findings indicate that the repurposing of the old drug, CQD, is a potential pharmacological approach for the treatment of psoriasis and other NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Xiuhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Yitao Ou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Geng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Lei Hua
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Yinghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Zhuorong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Haowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
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Matsui Y, Takemura N, Shirasaki Y, Takahama M, Noguchi Y, Ikoma K, Pan Y, Nishida S, Taura M, Nakayama A, Funatsu T, Misawa T, Harada Y, Sunazuka T, Saitoh T. Nanaomycin E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Int Immunol 2022; 34:505-518. [PMID: 35759801 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is a cytosolic innate immune receptor that senses organelle dysfunction induced by various stimuli, such as infectious, environmental, metabolic, and drug stresses. Upon activation, NLRP3 forms an inflammasome with its adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase-1, to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines. The development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome is in high demand as its aberrant activation often causes inflammatory diseases. Here, we found that nanaomycin A (NNM-A), a quinone-based antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces, effectively inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory responses induced by imidazoquinolines, including imiquimod. Interestingly, its epoxy derivative nanaomycin E (NNM-E) showed a comparable inhibitory effect against the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 from macrophages, with a much lower toxicity than NNM-A. NNM-E inhibited ASC oligomerization and caspase-1 cleavage, both of which are hallmarks of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NNM-E reduced mitochondrial damage and the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby preventing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NNM-E treatment markedly alleviated psoriasis-like skin inflammation induced by imiquimod. Collectively, NNM-E inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction with little toxicity and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Thus, NNM-E could be a potential lead compound for developing effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsui
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Takemura
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takahama
- Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Ikoma
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yixi Pan
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishida
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Taura
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nakayama
- Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Laboratory of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Misawa
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Laboratory for Nanobiology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Dhani S, Zhao Y, Zhivotovsky B. A long way to go: caspase inhibitors in clinical use. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:949. [PMID: 34654807 PMCID: PMC8519909 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are an evolutionary conserved family of cysteine-dependent proteases that are involved in many vital cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and inflammatory response. Dysregulation of caspase-mediated apoptosis and inflammation has been linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Multiple caspase inhibitors have been designed and synthesized as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of cell death-related pathologies. However, only a few have progressed to clinical trials because of the consistent challenges faced amongst the different types of caspase inhibitors used for the treatment of the various pathologies, namely an inadequate efficacy, poor target specificity, or adverse side effects. Importantly, a large proportion of this failure lies in the lack of understanding various caspase functions. To overcome the current challenges, further studies on understanding caspase function in a disease model is a fundamental requirement to effectively develop their inhibitors as a treatment for the different pathologies. Therefore, the present review focuses on the descriptive properties and characteristics of caspase inhibitors known to date, and their therapeutic application in animal and clinical studies. In addition, a brief discussion on the achievements, and current challenges faced, are presented in support to providing more perspectives for further development of successful therapeutic caspase inhibitors for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanel Dhani
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Abstract
SUMMARY Exposure to air pollutants has been now associated with detrimental effects on a variety of organs, including the heart, lungs, GI tract, and brain. However, recently it has become clear that pollutant exposure can also promote the development/exacerbation of a variety of skin conditions, including premature aging, psoriasis, acne, and atopic dermatitis. Although the molecular mechanisms by which pollutant exposure results in these cutaneous pathological manifestations, it has been noticed that an inflammatory status is a common denominator of all those skin conditions. For this reason, recently, the activation of a cytosolic multiprotein complex involved in inflammatory responses (the inflammasome) that could promote the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 has been hypothesized to play a key role in pollution-induced skin damage. In this review, we summarize and propose the cutaneous inflammasome as a novel target of pollutant exposure and the eventual usage of inflammasome inhibitor as new technologies to counteract pollution-induced skin damage. Possibly, the ability to inhibit the inflammasome activation could prevent cutaneous inflammaging and ameliorate the health and appearance of the skin.
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12
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Wu Y, He F, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Su X, Zhu X, Liu A, Shi W, Lin W, Jin Z, Yang H, Lin J. Melatonin alleviates titanium nanoparticles induced osteolysis via activation of butyrate/GPR109A signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:170. [PMID: 34092246 PMCID: PMC8182936 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory osteolysis after total joint replacement (TJR) may cause implant failure, periprosthetic fractures, and be a severe threat to global public health. Our previous studies demonstrated that melatonin had a therapeutic effect on wear-particles induced osteolysis. Gut microbiota is closely related to bone homeostasis, and has been proven to be affected by melatonin. However, whether melatonin could play its anti-osteolysis effects through reprogramming gut microbiota remains elusive. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that melatonin could alleviate Ti-particles induced osteolysis, while this therapeutic effect was blocked by antibiotic cocktail treatment. Interestingly, transplantation of fecal microbiota from mice treated with melatonin reappeared the same beneficial effect. Analysis of the 16S rRNA revealed that melatonin could reverse dysbacteriosis triggered by osteolysis, and elevate the relative abundance of some short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. Moreover, butyrate was enriched by exogenous melatonin administration, while acetate and propionate did not show an evident difference. This was consistent with the results of the metagenomic approach (PICRUSt2) analysis, which revealed a general increase in the synthetic enzymes of butyrate. More importantly, direct supplementation of butyrate could also recapitulate the anti-osteolysis effect of melatonin. Further analysis identified that butyrate alleviated osteolysis via activating its receptor GPR109A, and thus to suppress the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome triggered by Ti-particles. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggested that the benefits of melatonin mainly depend on the ability of modulating gut microbiota and regulating butyrate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan He
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinlin Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhongqin Jin
- Department of Digestive, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Tang L, Zhou F. Inflammasomes in Common Immune-Related Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32528469 PMCID: PMC7247819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is an important protein complex that cleaves the proinflammatory cytokines pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their active forms. Owing to its critical role in eliciting innate immune responses, IL-1β has been suggested to contribute to various skin diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, several types of activators and inhibitors of different inflammasomes, as well as inflammasome-related genes and genetic susceptibility loci, have been identified in these immune-related common skin diseases. In particular, inflammasome activators and inhibitors presented highly cell-type-specific activity, suggesting that the inflammasome might perform different functions in different cell types. Moreover, most of these findings were based on experimental disease models, and the clinical features of the models partly resemble the typical symptoms of the diseases. In this review, from the perspective of activators and inhibitors, we collected evidence from the widely-studied inflammasomes, NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRP1, in psoriasis, vitiligo, SLE, and AD. Importantly, some small-molecule inhibitors hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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14
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Hennig P, Fenini G, Di Filippo M, Beer HD. Electrophiles Against (Skin) Diseases: More Than Nrf2. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E271. [PMID: 32053878 PMCID: PMC7072181 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin represents an indispensable barrier between the organism and the environment and is the first line of defense against exogenous insults. The transcription factor NRF2 is a central regulator of cytoprotection and stress resistance. NRF2 is activated in response to oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and electrophiles. These electrophiles oxidize specific cysteine residues of the NRF2 inhibitor KEAP1, leading to KEAP1 inactivation and, subsequently, NRF2 activation. As oxidative stress is associated with inflammation, the NRF2 pathway plays important roles in the pathogenesis of common inflammatory diseases and cancer in many tissues and organs, including the skin. The electrophile and NRF2 activator dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an established and efficient drug for patients suffering from the common inflammatory skin disease psoriasis and the neuro-inflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review, we discuss possible molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activity of DMF and other NRF2 activators. Recent evidence suggests that electrophiles not only activate NRF2, but also target other inflammation-associated pathways including the transcription factor NF-κB and the multi-protein complexes termed inflammasomes. Inflammasomes are central regulators of inflammation and are involved in many inflammatory conditions. Most importantly, the NRF2 and inflammasome pathways are connected at different levels, mainly antagonistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Hennig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.H.); (G.F.); (M.D.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Fenini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.H.); (G.F.); (M.D.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Di Filippo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.H.); (G.F.); (M.D.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.H.); (G.F.); (M.D.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Kenealy S, Manils J, Raverdeau M, Munoz-Wolf N, Barber G, Liddicoat A, Lavelle EC, Creagh EM. Caspase-11-Mediated Cell Death Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2389-2393.e3. [PMID: 31173764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Kenealy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan Manils
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mathilde Raverdeau
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natalia Munoz-Wolf
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gillian Barber
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Liddicoat
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma M Creagh
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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