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Sha L, Huang M, Huang X, Huang Y, Shao E, Guan X, Huang Z. Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Endo-Type Metal-Independent Alginate Lyase from the Marine Bacteria Vibrio sp. Ni1. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080479. [PMID: 35892947 PMCID: PMC9331746 DOI: 10.3390/md20080479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The applications of alginate lyase are diverse, but efficient commercial enzymes are still unavailable. In this study, a novel alginate lyase with high activity was obtained from the marine bacteria Vibrio sp. Ni1. The ORF of the algB gene has 1824 bp, encoding 607 amino acids. Homology analysis shows that AlgB belongs to the PL7 family. There are two catalytic domains with the typical region of QIH found in AlgB. The purified recombinant enzyme of AlgB shows highest activity at 35 °C, pH 8.0, and 50 mmol/L Tris-HCl without any metal ions. Only K+ slightly enhances the activity, while Fe2+ and Cu2+ strongly inhibit the activity. The AlgB preferred polyM as substrate. The end products of enzymatic mixture are DP2 and DP3, without any metal ion to assist them. This enzyme has good industrial application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sha
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Minghai Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Fuzhou Ocean and Fisheries Technology Center, Fuzhou 350007, China;
| | - Yongtong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ensi Shao
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Xiong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.S.); (M.H.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-591-83789259
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang P, Wong ACY, Hsieh YSY, Wang D. Recent Advances in Bioutilization of Marine Macroalgae Carbohydrates: Degradation, Metabolism, and Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1438-1453. [PMID: 35089725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are considered renewable natural resources due to their high carbohydrate content, which gives better utilization value in biorefineries and higher value conversion than first- and second-generation biomass. However, due to the diverse composition, complex structure, and rare metabolic pathways of macroalgae polysaccharides, their bioavailability needs to be improved. In recent years, enzymes and pathways related to the degradation and metabolism of macroalgae polysaccharides have been continuously developed, and new microbial fermentation platforms have emerged. Aiming at the bioutilization and transformation of macroalgae resources, this review describes the latest research results from the direction of green degradation, biorefining, and metabolic pathway design, including summarizing the the latest biorefining technology and the fermentation platform design of agarose, alginate, and other polysaccharides. This information will provide new research directions and solutions for the biotransformation and utilization of marine macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Peiyao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ann C Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yves S Y Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 11421 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Damao Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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3
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Gao SK, Yin R, Wang XC, Jiang HN, Liu XX, Lv W, Ma Y, Zhou YX. Structure Characteristics, Biochemical Properties, and Pharmaceutical Applications of Alginate Lyases. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:628. [PMID: 34822499 PMCID: PMC8618178 DOI: 10.3390/md19110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate, the most abundant polysaccharides of brown algae, consists of various proportions of uronic acid epimers α-L-guluronic acid (G) and β-D-mannuronic acid (M). Alginate oligosaccharides (AOs), the degradation products of alginates, exhibit excellent bioactivities and a great potential for broad applications in pharmaceutical fields. Alginate lyases can degrade alginate to functional AOs with unsaturated bonds or monosaccharides, which can facilitate the biorefinery of brown algae. On account of the increasing applications of AOs and biorefinery of brown algae, there is a scientific need to explore the important aspects of alginate lyase, such as catalytic mechanism, structure, and property. This review covers fundamental aspects and recent developments in basic information, structural characteristics, the structure-substrate specificity or catalytic efficiency relationship, property, molecular modification, and applications. To meet the needs of biorefinery systems of a broad array of biochemical products, alginate lyases with special properties, such as salt-activated, wide pH adaptation range, and cold adaptation are outlined. Withal, various challenges in alginate lyase research are traced out, and future directions, specifically on the molecular biology part of alginate lyases, are delineated to further widen the horizon of these exceptional alginate lyases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan-Xia Zhou
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (S.-K.G.); (R.Y.); (X.-C.W.); (H.-N.J.); (X.-X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.M.)
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4
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Bäumgen M, Dutschei T, Bornscheuer UT. Marine Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Enzymatic Degradation and Utilization. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2247-2256. [PMID: 33890358 PMCID: PMC8360166 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macroalgae species are fast growing and their polysaccharides are already used as food ingredient due to their properties as hydrocolloids or they have potential high value bioactivity. The degradation of these valuable polysaccharides to access the sugar components has remained mostly unexplored so far. One reason is the high structural complexity of algal polysaccharides, but also the need for suitable enzyme cocktails to obtain oligo- and monosaccharides. Among them, there are several rare sugars with high value. Recently, considerable progress was made in the discovery of highly specific carbohydrate-active enzymes able to decompose complex marine carbohydrates such as carrageenan, laminarin, agar, porphyran and ulvan. This minireview summarizes these achievements and highlights potential applications of the now accessible abundant renewable resource of marine polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bäumgen
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald17487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Theresa Dutschei
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald17487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald17487GreifswaldGermany
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Characterization of a New Biofunctional, Exolytic Alginate Lyase from Tamlana sp. s12 with High Catalytic Activity and Cold-Adapted Features. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040191. [PMID: 33800691 PMCID: PMC8065536 DOI: 10.3390/md19040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate, a major acidic polysaccharide in brown algae, has attracted great attention as a promising carbon source for biorefinery systems. Alginate lyases, especially exo-type alginate lyase, play a critical role in the biorefinery process. Although a large number of alginate lyases have been characterized, few can efficiently degrade alginate comprised of mannuronate (M) and guluronate (G) at low temperatures by means of an exolytic mode. In this study, the gene of a new exo-alginate lyase-Alys1-with high activity (1350 U/mg) was cloned from a marine strain, Tamlana sp. s12. When sodium alginate was used as a substrate, the recombinant enzyme showed optimal activity at 35 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. Noticeably, recombinant Alys1 was unstable at temperatures above 30 °C and had a low melting temperature of 56.0 °C. SDS and EDTA significantly inhibit its activity. These data indicate that Alys1 is a cold-adapted enzyme. Moreover, the enzyme can depolymerize alginates polyM and polyG, and produce a monosaccharide as the minimal alginate oligosaccharide. Primary substrate preference tests and identification of the final oligosaccharide products demonstrated that Alys1 is a bifunctional alginate lyase and prefers M to G. These properties make Alys1 a valuable candidate in both basic research and industrial applications.
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Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030753. [PMID: 33535536 PMCID: PMC7867074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the need for non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels has increased during the last few decades, the search for sustainable and renewable alternative sources has gained growing interest. Enzymatic hydrolysis in bioethanol production presents an important step, where sugars that are fermented are obtained in the final fermentation process. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, more and more new effective enzymes are being researched to ensure a more cost-effective process. There are many different enzyme strategies implemented in hydrolysis protocols, where different lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood feedstocks, different agricultural wastes, and marine algae are being used as substrates for an efficient bioethanol production. This review investigates the very recent enzymatic hydrolysis pathways in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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7
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Mahajan S, Ramya TNC. Cellulophaga algicola alginate lyase inhibits biofilm formation of a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MCC 2081. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:444-462. [PMID: 33350564 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases are potential agents for disrupting alginate-rich Pseudomonas biofilms in the infected lungs of cystic fibrosis patients but there is as yet no clinically approved alginate lyase that can be used as a therapeutic. We report here the endolytic alginate lyase activity of a recombinant Cellulophaga algicola alginate lyase domain (CaAly) encoded by a gene that also codes for an N-terminal carbohydrate-binding module, CBM6, and a central F-type lectin domain (CaFLD). CaAly degraded both polyM and polyG alginates with optimal temperature and pH of 37°C and pH 7, respectively, with greater preference for polyG. Recombinant CaFLD bound to fucosylated glycans with a preference for H-type 2 glycan motif, and did not have any apparent effect on the enzyme activity of the co-associated alginate lyase domain in the recombinant protein construct, CaFLD_Aly. We assessed the potential of CaAly and other alginate lyases previously reported in published literature to inhibit biofilm formation by a clinical strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCC 2081. Of all the alginate lyases tested, CaAly displayed most inhibition of in vitro biofilm formation on plastic surfaces. We also assessed its inhibitory ability against P. aeruginosa 2081 biofilms formed over a monolayer of A549 lung epithelial cells. Our study indicated that CaAly is efficacious in inhibition of biofilm formation even on A549 lung epithelial cell line monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mahajan
- Protein Science and Engineering Department, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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8
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Lee EJ, Lee OK, Lee EY. Identification of 4-Deoxy-L-Etychro-Hexoseulose Uronic Acid Reductases in an Alginolytic Bacterium Vibrio splendidus and their Uses for L-Lactate Production in an Escherichia coli Cell-Free System. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:410-423. [PMID: 29532336 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
4-Deoxy-L-erythro-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH) reductase is a key enzyme in alginate utilizing metabolism, but the number of characterized DEH reductase is quite limited. In this study, novel two DEH reductases, VsRed-1 and VsRed-2, were identified in marine bacterium Vibrio splendidus, and the recombinant enzymes were expressed in an Escherichia coli system and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. The optimal pH and temperature of the recombinant VsRed-1 and VsRed-2 were pH 7.5, 30 °C, and pH 7.0, 35 °C, respectively. The specific activities of VsRed-1 (776 U/mg for NADH) and VsRed-2 (176 U/mg for NADPH) were the highest among the DEH reductases reported so far. We also demonstrated that DEH could be converted to L-lactate with a yield of 76.7 and 81.9% in E. coli cell-free system containing VsRed-1 and VsRed-2 enzymes, respectively, indicating that two DEH reductases can be employed for production of biofuels and bio-chemicals from brown macroalgae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, South Korea.
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9
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Yagi H, Fujise A, Itabashi N, Ohshiro T. Characterization of a novel endo-type alginate lyase derived from Shewanella sp. YH1. J Biochem 2018; 163:341-350. [PMID: 29319800 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate, which is an anionic polysaccharide, is widely distributed in the cell wall of brown algae. Alginate and the products of its degradation (oligosaccharides) are used in stabilizers, thickeners and gelling agents, especially in the food industry. The degradation of alginate generally involves a combination of several alginate lyases (exo-type, endo-type and oligoalginate lyase). Enhancing the efficiency of the production of alginate degradation products may require the identification of novel alginate lyases with unique characteristics. In this study, we isolated an alginate-utilizing bacterium, Shewanella sp. YH1, from seawater collected off the coast of Tottori prefecture, Japan. The detected novel alginate lyase was named AlgSI-PL7, and was classified in polysaccharide lyase family 7. The enzyme was purified from Shewanella sp. YH1 and a recombinant AlgSI-PL7 was produced in Escherichia coli. The optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity were around 45°C and 8, respectively. Interestingly, we observed that AlgSI-PL7 was not thermotolerant, but could refold to its active form following an almost complete denaturation at approximately 60°C. Moreover, the degradation of alginate by AlgSI-PL7 produced two to five oligosaccharides, implying this enzyme was an endo-type lyase. Our findings suggest that AlgSI-PL7 may be useful as an industrial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yagi
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry
| | - Asako Fujise
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Narumi Itabashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering
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He M, Guo M, Zhang X, Chen K, Yan J, Irbis C. Purification and characterization of alginate lyase from Sphingomonas sp. ZH0. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:310-316. [PMID: 29680368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alginate lyases degrade alginate in a beta-elimination reaction to produce oligosaccharides. Thus, alginate lyases are widely used in the food/pharmaceutical industries and are commercially valuable. In this study, four alginate lyase encoding genes were successfully cloned from Sphingomonas sp. ZH0. The expression systems of these alginate lyases were then constructed in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant ZH0-I, ZH0-II, ZH0-III and ZH0-IV were purified from E. coli cells and were confirmed to be monomeric enzymes with molecular weights of approximately 91, 52, 67, and 113 kDa, respectively. The conditions for enzymes to have the highest specific lyase activities were 53.2 U/mg, 42 °C, pH 7.0 for ZH0-I, 103.9 U/mg, 47 °C, pH 6.5 for ZH0-II, 13.7 U/mg, 52 °C, pH 7.5 for ZH0-III, and 12.3 U/mg, 37 °C, pH 7.0 for ZH0-IV, respectively. These recombinant enzymes were stable over a pH range. Moreover, the enzymes were active in the absence of salt ions, and their activities were substantially reduced by the addition of HgCl2. ZH0-I, ZH0-II and ZH0-III belong to endotype alginate lyases, while ZH0-IV is an exotype alginate lyase. All types could degrade both poly-β-d-mannuronate and poly-α-l-guluronate blocks, yielding alginate oligosaccharides as the main product. The Km and Vmax values were 0.51 mg/ml and 56.18 U/ml for ZH0-I, 0.47 mg/ml and 27.5 U/ml for ZH0-II, 0.55 mg/ml and 60.24 U/ml for ZH0-III, and 0.41 mg/ml and 5.53 U/ml for ZH0-IV, respectively. These features indicate that these alginate lyases are promising candidates for producing antioxidants from alginates in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman He
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, PR China; Kunming Jida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kexin Road, Kunming 650106, PR China
| | - Min Guo
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Keke Chen
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jinping Yan
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Chagan Irbis
- Laboratory of Bioconversion, Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Yagi H, Isobe N, Itabashi N, Fujise A, Ohshiro T. Characterization of a Long-Lived Alginate Lyase Derived from Shewanella Species YH1. Mar Drugs 2017; 16:md16010004. [PMID: 29280943 PMCID: PMC5793052 DOI: 10.3390/md16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from seaweeds are widely used in various fields, including the food, biomedical material, cosmetic, and biofuel industries. Alginate, which is a major polysaccharide in brown algae, and the products of its degradation (oligosaccharides) have been used in stabilizers, thickeners, and gelling agents, especially in the food industry. Discovering novel alginate lyases with unique characteristics for the efficient production of oligosaccharides may be relevant for the food and pharmaceutical fields. In this study, we identified a unique alginate lyase derived from an alginate-utilizing bacterium, Shewanella species YH1. The recombinant enzyme (rAlgSV1-PL7) was produced in an Escherichia coli system and it was classified in the Polysaccharide Lyase family 7. The optimal temperature and pH for rAlgSV1-PL7 activity were around 45 °C and 8, respectively. Interestingly, we observed that rAlgSV1-PL7 retained over 80% of its enzyme activity after incubation at 30 °C for at least 20 days, indicating that rAlgSV1-PL7 is a long-lived enzyme. Moreover, the degradation of alginate by rAlgSV1-PL7 produced one to four sugars because of the broad substrate specificity of this enzyme. Our findings suggest that rAlgSV1-PL7 may represent a new commercially useful enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yagi
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori-city 680-8552, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Natsuki Isobe
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori-city 680-8552, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Narumi Itabashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori-city 680-8552, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Asako Fujise
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori-city 680-8552, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ohshiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori-city 680-8552, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.
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12
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Sim PF, Furusawa G, Teh AH. Functional and Structural Studies of a Multidomain Alginate Lyase from Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13656. [PMID: 29057942 PMCID: PMC5651945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AlyQ from Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 is an alginate lyase with three domains — a carbohydrate-binding domain modestly resembling family 16 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM16), a family 32 CBM (CBM32) domain, and an alginate lyase domain belonging to polysaccharide lyase family 7 (PL7). Although AlyQ can also act on polyguluronate (poly-G) and polymannuronate (poly-M), it is most active on alginate. Studies with truncated AlyQ showed that the CBM32 domain did not contribute to enhancing AlyQ’s activity under the assayed conditions. Nevertheless, it could bind to cleaved but not intact alginate, indicating that the CBM32 domain recognises alginate termini. The crystal structure containing both CBM32 and catalytic domains show that they do not interact with one another. The CBM32 domain contains a conserved Arg that may bind to the carboxyl group of alginate. The catalytic domain, meanwhile, shares a conserved substrate-binding groove, and the presence of two negatively charged Asp residues may dictate substrate specificity especially at subsite +1. As Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 was unable to utilise alginate, AlyQ may function to help the bacterium degrade cell walls more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Sim
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Go Furusawa
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aik-Hong Teh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 10 Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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13
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Badur AH, Plutz MJ, Yalamanchili G, Jagtap SS, Schweder T, Unfried F, Markert S, Polz MF, Hehemann JH, Rao CV. Exploiting fine-scale genetic and physiological variation of closely related microbes to reveal unknown enzyme functions. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13056-13067. [PMID: 28592491 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide degradation by marine microbes represents one of the largest and most rapid heterotrophic transformations of organic matter in the environment. Microbes employ systems of complementary carbohydrate-specific enzymes to deconstruct algal or plant polysaccharides (glycans) into monosaccharides. Because of the high diversity of glycan substrates, the functions of these enzymes are often difficult to establish. One solution to this problem may lie within naturally occurring microdiversity; varying numbers of enzymes, due to gene loss, duplication, or transfer, among closely related environmental microbes create metabolic differences akin to those generated by knock-out strains engineered in the laboratory used to establish the functions of unknown genes. Inspired by this natural fine-scale microbial diversity, we show here that it can be used to develop hypotheses guiding biochemical experiments for establishing the role of these enzymes in nature. In this work, we investigated alginate degradation among closely related strains of the marine bacterium Vibrio splendidus One strain, V. splendidus 13B01, exhibited high extracellular alginate lyase activity compared with other V. splendidus strains. To identify the enzymes responsible for this high extracellular activity, we compared V. splendidus 13B01 with the previously characterized V. splendidus 12B01, which has low extracellular activity and lacks two alginate lyase genes present in V. splendidus 13B01. Using a combination of genomics, proteomics, biochemical, and functional screening, we identified a polysaccharide lyase family 7 enzyme that is unique to V. splendidus 13B01, secreted, and responsible for the rapid digestion of extracellular alginate. These results demonstrate the value of querying the enzymatic repertoires of closely related microbes to rapidly pinpoint key proteins with beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet H Badur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Matthew J Plutz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Geethika Yalamanchili
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Sujit Sadashiv Jagtap
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Unfried
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin F Polz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Center for Marine Environmental Sciences University of Bremen (MARUM), Bremen 28359, Germany; Max Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, Bremen 28359, Germany.
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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Yagi H, Fujise A, Itabashi N, Ohshiro T. Purification and characterization of a novel alginate lyase from the marine bacterium Cobetia sp. NAP1 isolated from brown algae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2338-2346. [PMID: 27648685 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1232154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of marine resources, instead of fossil fuels, for biomass production is important for building a sustainable society. Seaweed is valuable as a source of marine biomass for producing biofuels such as ethanol, and can be used in various fields. Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide that forms the main component of brown algae. Various alginate lyases (e.g. exo- and endo-types and oligoalginate lyase) are generally used to degrade alginate. We herein describe a novel alginate lyase, AlgC-PL7, which belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 7 family. AlgC-PL7 was isolated from the halophilic Gram-negative bacterium Cobetia sp. NAP1 collected from the brown algae Padina arborescens Holmes. The optimal temperature and pH for AlgC-PL7 activity were 45 °C and 8, respectively. Additionally, AlgC-PL7 was thermostable and salt-tolerant, exhibited broad substrate specificity, and degraded alginate into monosaccharides. Therefore, AlgC-PL7 is a promising enzyme for the production of biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yagi
- a Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Asako Fujise
- b Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Narumi Itabashi
- c Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshiro
- b Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University , Tottori , Japan
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15
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Effective production of fermentable sugars from brown macroalgae biomass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9439-9450. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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MacDonald LC, Weiler EB, Berger BW. Engineering broad-spectrum digestion of polyuronides from an exolytic polysaccharide lyase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:43. [PMID: 26913076 PMCID: PMC4765187 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macroalgae represents a promising source of fermentable carbohydrates for use in the production of energy efficient biofuel. The primary carbohydrate in brown algae is the uronic acid-containing alginate, whereas green algae contains a significant amount of glucuronan. A necessary step in the conversion of these polyuronides to bioethanol is saccharification, which can be achieved by enzymatic or chemical degradation. RESULTS Polysaccharide lyases are a class of enzymes which cleave uronic acid-containing glycans via a β-elimination mechanism, acting both endo- and exolytically on their substrates. In the present work, we characterize a putative alginate lyase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a (Smlt2602) and describe a H208F mutant that, in addition to cleaving alginate-based substrates, displays significant, exolytic glucuronan activity. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first polysaccharide lyase to act exolytically on glucuronan and is an attractive candidate for the broad-spectrum digestion of polyuronides into fermentable monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan C. MacDonald
- />Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, B320 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Weiler
- />Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, B320 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
| | - Bryan W. Berger
- />Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, B320 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, B320 Iacocca Hall, 111 Research Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
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17
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Zhu Y, Wu L, Chen Y, Ni H, Xiao A, Cai H. Characterization of an extracellular biofunctional alginate lyase from marine Microbulbifer sp. ALW1 and antioxidant activity of enzymatic hydrolysates. Microbiol Res 2016; 182:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Manns D, Nyffenegger C, Saake B, Meyer AS. Impact of different alginate lyases on combined cellulase–lyase saccharification of brown seaweed. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06669k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate attack characteristics and impact on cellulase–lyase catalyzed saccharification of brown seaweed were compared for three microbial PL7 alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.-) two of them heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as part of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Manns
- Center for BioProcess Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - C. Nyffenegger
- Center for BioProcess Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - B. Saake
- Chemical Wood Technology
- Department of Wood Science
- University of Hamburg
- Hamburg
- Germany
| | - A. S. Meyer
- Center for BioProcess Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
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Kim HS, Chu YJ, Park CH, Lee EY, Kim HS. Site-Directed Mutagenesis-Based Functional Analysis and Characterization of Endolytic Lyase Activity of N- and C-Terminal Domains of a Novel Oligoalginate Lyase from Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3 Possessing Exolytic Lyase Activity in the Intact Enzyme. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:782-792. [PMID: 26342491 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel oligoalginate lyase from a marine bacterium, Sphingomonas sp. strain MJ-3, exhibited a unique alginate degradation activity that completely depolymerizes alginate to monomers through the formation of oligomers. In order to reveal the reason why MJ-3 oligoalginate can exhibit both endolytic and exolytic alginate lyase activities, ten mutants were developed and characterized on the basis of homology modeling. When the recombinant cell lysates containing the mutated proteins of MJ-3 oligoalginate lyase were allowed to react with alginate, the Asn177Ala, His178Ala, Tyr234Phe, His389Ala, and Tyr426Phe mutants showed reduced oligoalginate lyase activity, whereas the Arg236Ala mutant exhibited endolytic activity. Interestingly, the overexpressed Arg236Ala protein (79.6 kDa) was proteolytically cleaved into two fragments, i.e., the N-terminal 32.0-kDa and the C-terminal 47.6-kDa fragments. Both the purified N-terminal and C-terminal fragments showed endolytic lyase activity. They preferentially degraded a heteropolymeric (polyMG) block than poly-β-D-mannuronate (polyM) or poly-α-L-guluronate (polyG) blocks. These results suggest that the oligoalginate lyase activity of MJ-3 enzyme is derived from the cooperative interaction between the N- and C-terminal endolytic alginate lyase domains in the intact enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sol Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, 608-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Chu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, 608-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan, 608-736, Republic of Korea.
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Novel Alginate Lyase (Aly5) from a Polysaccharide-Degrading Marine Bacterium, Flammeovirga sp. Strain MY04: Effects of Module Truncation on Biochemical Characteristics, Alginate Degradation Patterns, and Oligosaccharide-Yielding Properties. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:364-74. [PMID: 26519393 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03022-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases are important tools for oligosaccharide preparation, medical treatment, and energy bioconversion. Numerous alginate lyases have been elucidated. However, relatively little is known about their substrate degradation patterns and product-yielding properties, which is a limit to wider enzymatic applications and further enzyme improvements. Herein, we report the characterization and module truncation of Aly5, the first alginate lyase obtained from the polysaccharide-degrading bacterium Flammeovirga. Aly5 is a 566-amino-acid protein and belongs to a novel branch of the polysaccharide lyase 7 (PL7) superfamily. The protein rAly5 is an endolytic enzyme of alginate and associated oligosaccharides. It prefers guluronate (G) to mannuronate (M). Its smallest substrate is an unsaturated pentasaccharide, and its minimum product is an unsaturated disaccharide. The final alginate digests contain unsaturated oligosaccharides that generally range from disaccharides to heptasaccharides, with the tetrasaccharide fraction constituting the highest mass concentration. The disaccharide products are identified as ΔG units. While interestingly, the tri- and tetrasaccharide fractions each contain higher proportions of ΔG to ΔM ends, the larger final products contain only ΔM ends, which constitute a novel oligosaccharide-yielding property of guluronate lyases. The deletion of the noncatalytic region of Aly5 does not alter its M/G preference but significantly decreases the enzymatic activity and enzyme stability. Notably, the truncated protein accumulates large final oligosaccharide products but yields fewer small final products than Aly5, which are codetermined by its M/G preference to and size enlargement of degradable oligosaccharides. This study provides novel enzymatic properties and catalytic mechanisms of a guluronate lyase for potential uses and improvements.
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Shin JW, Lee OK, Park HH, Kim HS, Lee EY. Molecular characterization of a novel oligoalginate lyase consisting of AlgL- and heparinase II/III-like domains from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ-2 and its application to alginate saccharification. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Alginate lyases from alginate-degrading Vibrio splendidus 12B01 are endolytic. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:1865-73. [PMID: 25556193 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03460-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate lyases are enzymes that degrade alginate through β-elimination of the glycosidic bond into smaller oligomers. We investigated the alginate lyases from Vibrio splendidus 12B01, a marine bacterioplankton species that can grow on alginate as its sole carbon source. We identified, purified, and characterized four polysaccharide lyase family 7 alginates lyases, AlyA, AlyB, AlyD, and AlyE, from V. splendidus 12B01. The four lyases were found to have optimal activity between pH 7.5 and 8.5 and at 20 to 25°C, consistent with their use in a marine environment. AlyA, AlyB, AlyD, and AlyE were found to exhibit a turnover number (kcat) for alginate of 0.60 ± 0.02 s(-1), 3.7 ± 0.3 s(-1), 4.5 ± 0.5 s(-1), and 7.1 ± 0.2 s(-1), respectively. The Km values of AlyA, AlyB, AlyD, and AlyE toward alginate were 36 ± 7 μM, 22 ± 5 μM, 60 ± 2 μM, and 123 ± 6 μM, respectively. AlyA and AlyB were found principally to cleave the β-1,4 bonds between β-d-mannuronate and α-l-guluronate and subunits; AlyD and AlyE were found to principally cleave the α-1,4 bonds involving α-l-guluronate subunits. The four alginate lyases degrade alginate into longer chains of oligomers.
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Comparative biochemical characterization of three exolytic oligoalginate lyases from Vibrio splendidus reveals complementary substrate scope, temperature, and pH adaptations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:4207-14. [PMID: 24795372 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01285-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microbes use alginate lyases to degrade and catabolize alginate, a major cell wall matrix polysaccharide of brown seaweeds. Microbes frequently contain multiple, apparently redundant alginate lyases, raising the question of whether these enzymes have complementary functions. We report here on the molecular cloning and functional characterization of three exo-type oligoalginate lyases (OalA, OalB, and OalC) from Vibrio splendidus 12B01 (12B01), a marine bacterioplankton species. OalA was most active at 16°C, had a pH optimum of 6.5, and displayed activities toward poly-β-d-mannuronate [poly(M)] and poly-α-l-guluronate [poly(G)], indicating that it is a bifunctional enzyme. OalB and OalC were most active at 30 and 35°C, had pH optima of 7.0 and 7.5, and degraded poly(M·G) and poly(M), respectively. Detailed kinetic analyses of oligoalginate lyases with poly(G), poly(M), and poly(M·G) and sodium alginate as substrates demonstrated that OalA and OalC preferred poly(M), whereas OalB preferred poly(M·G). The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of OalA against poly(M) increased with decreasing size of the substrate. OalA showed kcat/Km from 2,130 mg(-1) ml s(-1) for the trisaccharide to 224 mg(-1) ml s(-1) for larger oligomers of ∼50 residues, and 50.5 mg(-1) ml s(-1) for high-molecular-weight alginate. Although OalA was most active on the trisaccharide, OalB and OalC preferred dimers. Taken together, our results indicate that these three Oals have complementary substrate scopes and temperature and pH adaptations.
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Kim EJ, Fathoni A, Jeong GT, Jeong HD, Nam TJ, Kong IS, Kim JK. Microbacterium oxydans, a novel alginate- and laminarin-degrading bacterium for the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 130:153-159. [PMID: 24076515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for the efficient treatment of seaweed waste. We identified six bacterial strains from the marine environment for the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste, and the most potentially useful strain, Microbacterium oxydans, was chosen and further investigated. Plate assays indicated that this bacterial isolate possessed both alginate lyase and laminarinase activities. The optimal inoculum size, pH, temperature and substrate concentration for the degradation of brown-seaweed polysaccharides by the isolate were as follows: 20% (v v(-1)), pH 6.0, 37 °C, and 5 g L(-1) for alginate and 20% (v v(-1)), pH 6.0, 30 °C, and 10 g L(-1) for laminarin, respectively. During 6 d in culture under the optimal conditions, the isolate produced 0.17 g L(-1) of reducing sugars from alginate with 11.0 U mL(-1) of maximal alginate lyase activity, and 5.11 and 2.88 g L(-1) of reducing sugars and glucose from laminarin, respectively. In particular, a fair amount of laminarin was degraded to glucose (28.8%) due to the isolate's exolytic laminarinase activity. As a result, the reutilization of brown-seaweed waste by this isolate appears to be possible for the production of reducing sugars as a valuable resource. This is the first study to directly demonstrate the ability of M. oxydans to degrade both alginate and laminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Park YJ, Chu YJ, Shin YH, Lee EY, Kim HS. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel acetylalginate esterase gene in alg operon from Sphingomonas sp. MJ-3. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2145-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Huang L, Zhou J, Li X, Peng Q, Lu H, Du Y. Characterization of a new alginate lyase from newly isolated Flavobacterium sp. S20. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 40:113-22. [PMID: 23111633 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alginate lyase is a promising biocatalyst because of its application in saccharification of alginate for the production of biochemicals and renewable biofuels. This study described the isolation of a new alginate metabolizing bacterium, Flavobacterium sp. S20, from sludge samples and the characterization of its alginate lyase Alg2A. The alginate lyase gene, alg2A, was obtained by constructing and screening the genomic library of the strain S20 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Substrate specificity assays indicated Alg2A preferred poly-α-L-guluronate as a substrate over poly-β-D-mannuronate. In the saccharification process of a high content (10 %, w/v) of sodium alginate, the recombinant alginate lyase Alg2A yielded 152 of mM the reducing sugars after 69 h of reaction, and the amounts of oligosaccharides with a different degree of polymerization (DP) generated by Alg2A gradually accumulated without significant variation in the distribution of oligosaccharide compositions. These results indicated that Alg2A possessed high enzymatic capability for saccharifying the alginate, which could be used in saccharifying the alginate biomass prior to the main fermentation process for biofuels. In addition, Alg2A had a different endolytic reaction mode from both the two commercial alginate lyases and other alginate lyases from polysaccharide lyase family 7 owing to high yields of penta-, hex-, and hepta-saccharides in the hydrolysis products of Alg2A. Thus, Alg2A could be a good tool for the large-scale preparation of alginate oligosaccharides with high DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuxin Huang
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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In Lee S, Choi SH, Lee EY, Kim HS. Molecular cloning, purification, and characterization of a novel polyMG-specific alginate lyase responsible for alginate MG block degradation in Stenotrophomas maltophilia KJ-2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:1643-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Kam N, Park YJ, Lee EY, Kim HS. Molecular identification of a polyM-specific alginate lyase from Pseudomonas sp. strain KS-408 for degradation of glycosidic linkages between two mannuronates or mannuronate and guluronate in alginate. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:1032-41. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An alginate lyase gene of a newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain KS-408 was cloned by using PCR with the specific primers designed from homologous nucleotide sequences. A partial protein sequence of KS-408 alginate lyase was homology-modeled on the basis of the crystal structure of A1-III alginate lyase from Sphingomonas sp. strain A1. The proposed 3-D structure of KS-408 alginate lyase shows that Asn-198, His-199, Arg-246, and Tyr-253 residues are conserved for the catalytic active site. The recombinant KS-408-1F (with signal peptide) and KS-408-2F (without signal peptide) alginate lyases with the (His)6 tag consist of 393 (44.5 kDa) and 372 (42.4 kDa) amino acids with isoelectric points of 8.64 and 8.46, respectively. The purified recombinant KS-408 alginate lyase was very stable when it was incubated at 40 °C for 30 min. Alginate oligosaccharides produced by the KS-408-2F alginate lyase were purified on a Bio-Gel P2 column and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, fast-protein liquid chromatography, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 1H NMR data showed that the KS-408-2F alginate lyase cleaved the glycosidic linkages between two mannuronates (mannuronate-β(1–4)-mannuronate) or mannuronate and guluronate (mannuronate-β(1–4)-guluronate), indicating that the KS-408 alginate lyase is a polyM-specific lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natania Kam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Korea
| | - Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Korea
| | - Hee Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 608-736, Korea
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