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Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang D, Yan L, Zhao J, Li BL. Optimization of Quartz Sand-Enhanced Coagulation for Sewage Treatment by Response Surface Methodology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3482. [PMID: 39063774 PMCID: PMC11278384 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The quartz sand-enhanced coagulation (QSEC) is an improved coagulation method for treating water, which uses quartz sand as a heavy medium to accelerate the sedimentation rate of flocs and reduce the sedimentation time. The factors that influence the QSEC effect and can be controlled manually include the quartz sand dosage, coagulant dosage, sewage pH, stirring time, settling time, etc., and their reasonable setting is critical to the result of water treatment. This paper aimed to study the optimal conditions of QSEC; first, single-factor tests were conducted to explore the optimal range of influencing factors, followed by response surface methodology (RSM) tests to accurately determine the optimum values of significant factors. The results show that the addition of quartz sand did not improve the water quality of the coagulation treatment, it took only 140 s for the floc to sink to the bottom, and the sediment volume only accounted for 12.2% of the total sewage. The quartz sand dosage, the coagulant dosage, and sewage pH all had a significant impact on the coagulation effect, and resulted in inflection points. A QSEC-guiding model was derived through RSM tests, and subsequent model optimization and experimental validation revealed the optimal conditions for treating domestic sewage as follows: the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) dosage, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) dosage, the sewage pH, quartz sand dosage, stirring time, and settling time were 0.97 g/L, 2.25 mg/L, 7.22, 2 g/L, 5 min, and 30 min, respectively, and the turbidity of the treated sewage was reduced to 1.15 NTU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengan Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Yepu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Yongzhi Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Dayang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Lu Yan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
| | - Bailian Larry Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Pashaki SGA, Khojastehpour M, Ebrahimi-Nik M, Tedesco S. Potential of ash from agricultural waste as substitute of commercial FeCl 3 in primary treatment of landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119932. [PMID: 38160545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the ever increasing global population, higher volumes of industrial waste discharges to landfill have caused major problems for the environment. This study investigated the performance of rice straw ash (RSA) as a natural coagulant under different conditions for the treatment of landfill leachates by coagulation-flocculation and microfiltration, with and without addition of FeCl3. The highest performing treatment conditions (RSA = 2.48 g/L, FeCl3 = 4.98 g/L, settling time = 54.75min) were achieved with the combined use of RSA and FeCl3 as coagulant and led to a sludge volume index of 41.65 mL/g, 51.27% COD removal and 76.48% total suspended solid removal. In contrast, FeCl3 alone achieved slightly better COD and total suspended solid removal rates, however it resulted in higher sludge volume index and sludge production. The combined use of RSA and FeCl3 reduced the consumption of these two coagulants by 78.76% and 46.69% respectively. Functional groups and thermal stability of the flocs showed that RSA + FeCl3 synergistically enhance the mechanisms of the coagulation-flocculation process, including adsorption by particle's bridging, charge neutralization and size of flocs. Combining the coagulants resulted in increased van der Waals forces and lower attractive forces of the inter-colloidal energy barrier in the leachate. Additionally, the highest and lowest heavy metals removal rates for treatment by microfiltration were found for Fe (92.15%) and Mg (7.63%), with a total heavy metals removal efficiency in the range of 6.08-90.78%. The findings of this study show that RSA can serve as a natural eco-friendly coagulant both alone and in combination with FeCl3 in the leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Khojastehpour
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Silvia Tedesco
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
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Pashaki SGA, Khojastehpour M, Ebrahimi-Nik M, Tedesco S. Evaluation of combined thermo-chemical processes for the treatment of landfill leachate using virgin and recovered FeCl 3 coagulants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:118973. [PMID: 37769473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Sludge resulting from treatment of municipal waste landfill leachate contains suitable cationic substances such as Fe-based recovered coagulants which, if not recovered, can cause environmental problems. The present study aimed to maximise coagulant recoverability and investigate its potential reuse for the treatment of municipal waste landfill leachate. The study focused on establishing (i) the effect of mineral acids on leaching of Fe, (ii) the % of maximum recovery of Fe coagulant, (iii) the impact of ultrasound on recovery, and (iv) effectiveness of recovered coagulant when reused in coagulation-flocculation treatment of landfill leachate. Sulfuric acid outran hydrochloric acid in performance, with the acid leaching process leading to the recovery of 70.12% of Fe (acid concentration = 3.80 M, solid-to-liquid ratio = 8%, and heating time = 5 h). Subsequently, a developed acid leaching process was tested, which results showed that the highest rate of Fe recovery occurred without ultrasound treatment, meaning the use of it could reduce the recovery rate due to the increase in the iron (III) oxide-hydroxide [Fe(OH)3] sedimentation. Comparative experiments were undertaken with the recovered and virgin coagulants. These revealed that Fe-based recovered coagulant led to the 60.21% and 91.40% removal of COD and total suspended solid respectively, while the values of the COD and total suspended solid removal with the virgin FeCl3 were 7.66% and 6.42% lower than that of Fe under optimal conditions (dosage = 9.38 g/L, pH = 8.94, settling time = 52.9 min). The present study established that Fe recovered could be exploited as an eco-friendly coagulant to replace FeCl3 in the landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Khojastehpour
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Silvia Tedesco
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
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Puri S, Verma A. Potential use of foundry sand and furnace blast sand for fabrication of visibly active composite to promote circular economy/waste management for treating real agro-industrial wastewater. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10844. [PMID: 36750964 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-step process of coagulation/flocculation followed by a simultaneous dual process (photocatalysis + photo-Fenton) is developed to treat real pulp and paper (P and P) industry wastewater. The rigid stout color wastewater was treated using a sunlight-responsive and cost-effective Fe-TiO2 composite using recirculating photoreactor with a total working volume of 4 L. The key point of this study is that the treatment is done in very less time (90 min), and it incorporates the idea of circular economy, as the composite is fabricated out of industrial rejects. The further intensification of the process was done by proper process optimization of both approaches. With an initial concentration of stout color (0.78 AU) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (2200 mg/L), the optimized conditions gave a good reduction in % color and % COD, that is, 64.1% and 41.8% (1280 mg/L) after coagulation/flocculation and 89.74% and 53.12% (600 mg/L) after dual, respectively. The composite was characterized by using various techniques like field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to check the catalyst composition, complexes formed between Fe-TiO2 , and the catalyst intactness in both fresh and 50 times recycled composite. A trapping study was also performed using various quenchers to confirm that OH• plays a major role in the present study among other radicals produced where 55-60% drop in color removal was seen. In order to foresee the commercial use of this study, the process' cost was also estimated. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Industrial waste products were used to fabricate inert support that promoted the idea of circular economy/waste management. Iron from the waste used to execute photo-Fenton process along with forming Fe-TiO2 complex to make it visibly active composite. Enhanced production of OH radicals facilitated removal of stout color and COD from the real pulp and paper industry wastewater in just 90 min. Coagulation/flocculation followed by dual technique proved to be the best approach out of three different approaches applied. Composite showed excellent durability even after 50 recycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Puri
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Anoop Verma
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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Tabatabaei F, Mafigholami R, Moghimi H, Khoramipoor S. Effect of Fe and Al based coagulants and disinfectants on polyethylene microplastics removal in coagulation process through response surface methodology. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:99-114. [PMID: 36640026 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been rising as a threatening risk and recently has appealed to the attention of more researchers. In this study, influential parameters affecting the removal rate of polyethylene microplastics (PEMPs) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). In Box Behnken Design (BBD), independent parameters were pH, PEMP size, coagulant dosage and polyacrylamide dosage. Two experimental sets were conducted, one with ferric chloride and the second with poly aluminum chloride as two commonly applied coagulants in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Comparing the results of optimized parameters, PAC was a better coagulant with the predicted removal rate of 58.19%, while the removal rate with ferric chloride as a coagulant was predicted to be 56.37%. Moreover, some experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of ozone gas and sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants on removal rate. The highest removal rate was observed when 2 ppm of O3 was added to the solution coagulated with optimal dosage of PAC, reaching the removal rate of 76.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tabatabaei
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Roya Mafigholami
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
| | - Hamid Moghimi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khoramipoor
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran E-mail:
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Yaghoobian S, Hasani Zonoozi M, Saeedi M. Performance evaluation of Fe-based water treatment sludge for dewatering of iron ore tailings slurry using coagulation-flocculation process: Optimization through response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115240. [PMID: 35576712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This research attempted to investigate the feasibility of using drinking water treatment sludge (ferric chloride sludge, FCS) as a coagulant for turbidity removal from iron ore tailings slurry. The evaluation was performed in two phases. In the first phase, the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach was used to study the effects of FCS dosage, initial pH, and initial turbidity on turbidity removal efficiency (TR%) and the volume of the sediment produced at the end of the process (SV). In the second phase, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to assess the individual and interaction effects of the parameters on TR% and SV. Numerical multiple-response optimization was carried out using RSM to maximize TR% and minimize SV simultaneously. At optimum condition (FCS dose of 0.13 g dried FCS/L, initial pH of 10, and initial turbidity of 538 NTU), the removal of all particles in the range of 0.25-1 μm and 2-55 μm from slurry led to the TR% of 78.80% and SV of 0.74 mL (per 250 mL of tailings). Characterization tests indicated that at alkaline pH values, the higher presence of hydroxide compounds intensified the enmeshment in a precipitate or sweep-floc mechanism, which was the predominant removal mechanism in this work. This study demonstrated the remarkable performance of FCS as a coagulant in water reclamation from iron beneficiation wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Yaghoobian
- Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Maryam Hasani Zonoozi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Saeedi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
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Optimizing the Conditions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Inverse Emulsion Synthesis Reaction to Obtain High–Molecular–Weight Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142866. [PMID: 35890642 PMCID: PMC9316886 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsifier is widely applied in the wastewater treatment industry, mining industry, paper industry, cosmetic chemistry, etc. However, optimization of input parameters in the synthesis of CPAM by using the traditional approach (i.e., changing one factor while leaving the others fixed at a particular set of conditions) would require a long time and a high cost of input materials. Onsite mass production of CPAM requires fast optimization of input parameters (i.e., stirring speed, reaction temperature and time, the amount of initiator, etc.) to minimize the production cost of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized CPAM using reverse emulsion copolymerization, and proposed response surface models for predicting the average molecular weight and reaction yield based on those input parameters. This study offers a time–saving tool for onsite mass production of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Based on our response surface models, we obtained the optimal conditions for the synthesis of CPAM emulsions, which yielded medium–molecular–weight polymers and high conversion, with a reaction temperature of 60–62 °C, stirring speed of 2500–2600 rpm, and reaction time of 7 h. Quadratic models showed a good fit for predicting molecular weight (Adj.R2 = 0.9888, coefficient of variation = 2.08%) and reaction yield (Adj.R2 = 0.9982, coefficient of variation = 0.50%). The models suggested by our study would benefit the cost–minimization of CPAM mass production, where one could find optimal conditions for synthesizing different molecular weights of CPAM more quickly than via the traditional approach.
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Potential of Luffa cylindrica seed as coagulation-flocculation (CF) agent for the treatment of dye wastewater: Kinetic, mass transfer, optimization and CF adsorption studies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Multifactor optimization for treatment of textile wastewater using complex salt–Luffa cylindrica seed extract (CS-LCSE) as coagulant: response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial intelligence algorithm (ANN–ANFIS). CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Effect of pigeon pea seed (isoflavone) molecules on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in oilfield descaling solution: electro-kinetic, DFT modeling and optimization studies. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nechita MT, Suditu GD, Puițel AC, Drăgoi EN. Differential evolution-based optimization of corn stalks black liquor decolorization using active carbon and TiO 2/UV. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18481. [PMID: 34531476 PMCID: PMC8446006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the active carbon adsorption and TiO2/UV decolorization of black liquor were studied through experimental analysis (planned using Design of Experiments), modelling and optimization (with Response Surface Method and Differential Evolution). The aim is to highlight the importance of optimization methods for increasing process efficiency. For active carbon adsorption, the considered process parameters were: quantity of active carbon, dilution, and contact time. For TiO2 promoted photochemical decolorization the process parameters were: TiO2 concentration, UV path length and irradiation time. The determined models had an R squared of 93.82% for active carbon adsorption and of 92.82% for TiO2/UV decolorization. The optimization of active carbon resulted in an improvement from 83.08% (corresponding to 50 g/L quantity of active carbon, 30 min contact time and 200 dilution) to 100% (corresponding to multiple combinations). The optimization of TiO2/UV decolorization indicated an increase of efficiency from 36.63% (corresponding to 1 g/L TiO2 concentration, 60 min irradiation time and 5 cm UV path length) to 46.83% (corresponding to 0.4 g/L TiO2 concentration, 59.99 min irradiation time and 2.85 cm UV path length). These results show that the experiments and the subsequent standard RSM optimization can be further improved, leading to better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Teodor Nechita
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050, Iaşi, România
| | - Gabriel Dan Suditu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050, Iaşi, România
| | - Adrian Cătălin Puițel
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050, Iaşi, România
| | - Elena Niculina Drăgoi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Bd. Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron, No. 73, 700050, Iaşi, România.
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Onukwuli O, Nnaji P, Menkiti M, Anadebe V, Oke E, Ude C, Ude C, Okafor N. Dual-purpose optimization of dye-polluted wastewater decontamination using bio-coagulants from multiple processing techniques via neural intelligence algorithm and response surface methodology. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Effects of Lanthanum Modified Bentonite and Polyaluminium Chloride on the Environmental Variables in the Water and Sediment Phosphorus Form in Lake Yanglan, China. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13141947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of lanthanum modified bentonite (Phoslock®) and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is popular in the restoration of European temperate lakes; however, the effects of the application on the concentrations of phosphorus (P) in both the water and the sediments have been poorly evaluated to date. We studied the effects of the application of Phoslock® + PAC on the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a (Chla) in the water, and different P forms in the sediments, in an isolated part of Lake Yanglan. The results showed that the concentrations of TP, PP, SRP, TSS and Chla decreased significantly after the addition of Phoslock® + PAC. Moreover, the concentrations of labile-P, reductant-soluble-P and organic-P in the sediments were also significantly decreased after the Phoslock® + PAC application. However, the concentrations of both the stable apatite-P and residual-P in the sediments after application of Phoslock® + PAC were much higher than the pre-addition values, while the concentrations of metal-oxide-P did not differ significantly between the pre- and post- application conditions. Our findings imply that the combined application of Phoslock® and PAC can be used in the restoration of subtropical shallow lakes, to reduce the concentrations of P in the water and suppress the release of P from the sediments.
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14
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Song C, Lv Y, Qin X, Guo C, Cui J, Kaghembega WSH. Optimization of catalytic wet oxidating fulvic acid with zero-valent copper chitosan activated carbon ball as the catalyst. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13998. [PMID: 34234156 PMCID: PMC8263760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation efficiency of fulvic acid (FA) was investigated in the catalytic wet oxidation process (CWPO) by zero-valent copper chitosan activated carbon ball (ZVC/CTS-ACB). Characterization of ZVC/CTS-ACB shows that zero-valent copper was loaded successfully on the chitosan activated carbon. Plackett-Buiman (PB) design and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to determine the influence factors and the optimum processing parameters. The model was well fitted to the actual data and the correlation coefficients of R2 and R2-adj were 0.9359 and 0.9039, respectively. Under the obtained optimum conditions for FA degradation: temperature = 94 °C and pH 3.8, the average FA removal by three replicate experiments was 93.02%, which has a high consistency to the RSM optimal target response of 93.86%. The comparison of catalytic performance showed that the addition of catalyst ZVC/CTS-ACS could increase the removal rate of FA, color number (CN) and TOC by 93.6%, 83.5% and 81.9% respectively. The high TOC removal rate indicated the good performance of the catalyst to FA mineralization. Additionally, the ICP analysis of copper ion leaching was only 0.08 mg/l after 5 repeated recycles of the catalyst, demonstrating the high stability of ZVC/CTS-ACB that is beneficial for the actual application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Song
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Chengrui Guo
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jiaxin Cui
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Zarei Mahmoudabadi T, Ehrampoush MH, Talebi P, Fouladi-Fard R, Eslami H. Comparison of poly ferric chloride and poly titanium tetrachloride in coagulation and flocculation process for paper and cardboard wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27262-27272. [PMID: 33511532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the efficiency of poly ferric chloride (PFC) and poly titanium tetrachloride (PTC) in coagulation-flocculation process for treatment of paper and cardboard wastewater. The effect of pH (5-11), coagulant concentrations (100-1000 mg/L), mixing rate (10-60 rpm), mixing time (5-25 min), and settling time (5-30 min) were examined. The results showed that the removal efficiency for turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by PFC and PTC coagulants increased with pH rising up to 9 for the former and 7 for the latter coagulant. Furthermore, the removal efficiency for the afore-mentioned parameters increased along with a 30 rpm increase in the mixing rate, while the mixing time reached 20 min. It was also found that the best removal efficiencies for turbidity, TSS, and COD by PFC under optimal conditions (pH 9, coagulant dose 800 mg/L, and settling time of 25 min) were 97.11%, 99.1%, and 84.91%, respectively. In addition, the removal efficiencies for PTC (optimal conditions of pH 7, coagulant dose 600 mg/L, and settling time of 15 min) were found to be 98.29%, 99.29%, and 86.42%, respectively. Water recovery and the produced sludge volume by PFC were 80% and 200 cm3, respectively, in the settling time of 25 min and for PTC were 81.5% and 185 cm3, respectively, in the settling time of 15 min. Costs of the coagulation-flocculation process for treatment 1 m3 of paper and cardboard wastewater using PTC and PFC were 0.42 $ and 0.32 $, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that compared to PFC, PTC with higher settling rate has a greater efficiency for treatment of paper and cardboard wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Talebi
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Fouladi-Fard
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hadi Eslami
- Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Azimi SC, Shirini F, Pendashteh A. Treatment of wood industry wastewater by combined coagulation-flocculation-decantation and fenton process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:433-444. [PMID: 32854137 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the efficiency of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction from the wood industry wastewater (WIW) by the use of a combined coagulation-flocculation-decantation (CFD) - Fenton process was studied. Firstly, the performance of three coagulants such as ferric chloride (FeCl3 ), aluminum sulphate (alum), and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was evaluated. The polyacrylamide (PAM) was used as a flocculant. The results showed that the polyaluminum chloride had a high removal efficiency. The COD reduction of 84.1% and turbidity removal of 82.0% of were obtained in coagulation-flocculation-decantation (CFD). Secondly, Fenton process was optimized, by the use of a response surface methodology (RSM), with application of a central composite design (CCD). The maximum turbidity and COD removal obtained by this process were 94.1% and 72.5% respectively, under optimal conditions ([Fe2+ ] = 250 mg/L, [H2 O2 ] = 500 mg/L, pH 3.5, time 60 min). The kinetics of COD and turbidity removal were determined by the model of first order. In conclusion, the combination of coagulation-flocculation-decantation (CFD) - Fenton process presented as a remarkable method for wood wastewater treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A combination of coagulation-flocculation-decantation and Fenton process was introduced for the wood industry wastewater treatment. A designed experimental approach for treatment of wood industry wastewater using a Fenton process was studied. The yields of COD, BOD5 , N-NO3 , P-PO4 , and dye removal were obtained according to the standard limits in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farhad Shirini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Pendashteh
- Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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TUNÇ MS. Co-pretreatment of Municipal Wastewater and Landfill Leachate by Chemical Coagulation Using Ferric Chloride and Aluminum Sulfate. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.645757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Arruda PM, Pereira-Filho ER, Libânio M, Fagnani E. Response surface methodology applied to tropical freshwater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:901-911. [PMID: 30122148 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1514072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the profits and disadvantages of the chemometrics approach instead of the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) coagulation diagram approach for tropical water physicochemical treatment. Central composite design associate to response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) is used to find the real best conditions for coagulant dosage and pH aiming at high-turbidity removal. The number of experiments needed to chemometrics model construction (12) is comparatively smaller than that used in the coagulation diagram (84), saving financial and environmental resources. Arguments for Water Treatment Plants (WTP) considering the replacement of coagulation diagram approach by the CCD-RSM approach in drinking water treatment are presented. Chemometrics models are all constructed on a free software platform, providing the best pH within the range 7.7-8.1, and the best coagulant dosage (polyaluminium chloride, PAC) between 2.0 and 3.1 mg Al2O3 L-1 (equivalent in mass). CCD-RSM provides a faster, lower-cost and more reliable alternative tool for WTP decision-making instead of the OFAT model, mainly for waters more affected by seasonal effects as can be seen in tropical and subtropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Libânio
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Engineering College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enelton Fagnani
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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Manholer DD, de Souza MTF, Ambrosio E, Freitas TKFDS, Geraldino HCL, Garcia JC. Coagulation/flocculation of textile effluent using a natural coagulant extracted from Dillenia indica. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:979-988. [PMID: 31746805 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of mucilage extracted from the fruit of Dillenia indica for enhancing coagulation in the treatment of textile effluent. The mucilage extraction was carried out in water at room temperature. The pH, concentration of coagulant FeCl3.6H2O, and concentration of mucilage solution were optimized with star-type central composite design (CCD). We were able to analyze the synergistic effects between the FeCl3.6H2O and mucilage concentrations: the process of coagulation/flocculation (CF) for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was more efficient at a low chemical coagulant concentration (8.00 mg L-1) and a higher natural coagulant (NC) concentration (15.00 mg L-1). This demonstrated the potential of this mucilage to treat textile effluents, with 67.66%% COD removal, 96.86% turbidity removal and 91.12% apparent color reduction. The characterization of the mucilage of Dillenia indica was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid-state cross-polarization magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS 13C NMR), and the signals obtained indicated the presence of polysaccharides, which are responsible for enhancing the CF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Domingos Manholer
- Department of Graduate Program in Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá-Paraná, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Elizângela Ambrosio
- Department of Graduate Program in Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá-Paraná, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | | | - Juliana Carla Garcia
- Department of Graduate Program in Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá-Paraná, Brazil E-mail:
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Formentini-Schmitt DM, Fagundes-Klen MR, Veit MT, Palácio SM, Trigueros DEG, Bergamasco R, Mateus GAP. Potential of the Moringa oleifera saline extract for the treatment of dairy wastewater: application of the response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2290-2299. [PMID: 29448889 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1440012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation treatment of dairy wastewater samples was investigated through serial factorial designs utilizing the saline extract obtained from Moringa oleifera (Moringa) as a coagulant. The sedimentation time (ST), pH, Moringa coagulant (MC) dose and concentration of CaCl2 have been evaluated through the response surface methodology in order to obtain the ideal turbidity removal (TR) conditions. The empirical quadratic model, in conjunction with the desirability function, demonstrated that it is possible to obtain TRs of 98.35% using a coagulant dose, concentration of CaCl2 and pH of 280 mg L-1, 0.8 mol L-1 and 9, respectively. The saline extract from Moringa presented its best efficiency at an alkaline pH, which influenced the reduction of the ST to a value of 25 min. It was verified that the increase in the solubility of the proteins in the Moringa stimulated the reduction of the coagulant content in the reaction medium, and it is related to the use of calcium chloride as an extracting agent of these proteins. The MC proved to be an excellent alternative for the dairy wastewater treatment, compared to the traditional coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Maria Formentini-Schmitt
- a Department of Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Toledo , PR , Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen
- a Department of Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Toledo , PR , Brazil
| | - Márcia Teresinha Veit
- a Department of Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Toledo , PR , Brazil
| | - Soraya Moreno Palácio
- a Department of Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Toledo , PR , Brazil
| | - Daniela Estelita Goes Trigueros
- a Department of Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE) , Toledo , PR , Brazil
| | - Rosangela Bergamasco
- b Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá (UEM) , Maringá , PR , Brazil
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Sherlala AIA, Raman AAA, Bello MM. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic graphene oxide for arsenic removal from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1508-1516. [PMID: 29300679 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1424259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was developed for the adsorption of As(III) from aqueous solution. The characteristics of MGO were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope-E/energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. Batch adsorption experiments were designed using central composite design, and the effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time and concentration of As(III) were investigated. The MGO showed an excellent performance, removing up to 99.95% of As(III) under the following condition: initial As(III) concentration = 100 mg/L, pH = 7, adsorbent dosage = 0.3 g/L and contact time = 77 min. MGO dosage and initial pH were the most significant parameters influencing the process performance. FTIR analysis of the used adsorbent confirms the adsorption of As(III) through complexation between surface functional groups of the MGO and the oxyanions of As(III). The adsorbent maintained a significant level of performance even after four cycles of adsorption. Thus, the developed MGO has the potential to be used for the abatement of arsenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I A Sherlala
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , College of Engineering Technology-Janzour , Az Zawiyah , Libya
| | - A A A Raman
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - M M Bello
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Ozun S, Ulus DA. Coagulation and flocculation behavior of fines in foid-bearing rock processing plant (FRPP) wastewater at alkaline environment. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leifeld V, Dos Santos TPM, Zelinski DW, Igarashi-Mafra L. Ferrous ions reused as catalysts in Fenton-like reactions for remediation of agro-food industrial wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:284-292. [PMID: 29860122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is the most important tuberous root in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, being the third largest source of carbohydrates. The root processing is related to the production of starch, an important industrial input, which releases a highly toxic liquid wastewater due to its complex composition, which inhibits high performances of conventional effluent treatments. This study aims to evaluate Fenton-like and photo-Fenton-like reactions for treatment of cassava wastewater, reusing ferrous ions from the preliminary coagulation stage. Pre-treated cassava wastewater was submitted to oxidation in three variations of hydrogen peroxide concentrations, with more relevant analytical responses verified in color, turbidity, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and acute toxicity in Artemia salina, besides the action of radicals during Fenton-like reactions. At higher peroxide concentrations, a decrease of 68% in turbidity and 70% in COD on the photo-Fenton-like system was observed, even at slow reaction rates (fastest rate constant k = 2 × 10-4 min-1). Inclusion of UV increases the viability of the Fenton-like reactions by supplementing the reaction medium with hydroxyl radicals, verified by the tert-butanol tests. The oxidation process leads to high EC50 values in 24 h of incubation in Fenton-like reactions and 48 h in photo-Fenton-like reactions. Final COD and turbidity suggests that the reuse of iron, which remains in the preliminary treatment step shows a great potential as a catalyst for Fenton-like advanced oxidation processes. Tertiary treatment can be less expensive and harmful to the environment, reducing production of residual sludge and metal content in the final effluent, which reduces polluting potential of the effluent regarding solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Leifeld
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Tâmisa Pires Machado Dos Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Wisniewski Zelinski
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Igarashi-Mafra
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
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Vilela P, Liu H, Lee S, Hwangbo S, Nam K, Yoo C. A systematic approach of removal mechanisms, control and optimization of silver nanoparticle in wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:989-998. [PMID: 29758920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to wastewater caused by over-generation and poor treatment of the remaining nanomaterial has raised the interest of researchers. AgNPs can have a negative impact on watersheds and generate degradation of the effluent quality of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The aim of this research is to design and analyze an integrated model system for the removal of AgNPs with high effluent quality in WWTPs using a systematic approach of removal mechanisms modeling, optimization, and control of the removal of silver nanoparticles. The activated sludge model 1 was modified with the inclusion of AgNPs removal mechanisms, such as adsorption/desorption, dissolution, and inhibition of microbial organisms. Response surface methodology was performed to minimize the AgNPs and total nitrogen concentrations in the effluent by optimizing operating conditions of the system. Then, the optimal operating conditions were utilized for the implementation of control strategies into the system for further analysis of enhancement of AgNPs removal efficiency. Thus, the overall AgNP removal efficiency was found to be slightly higher than 80%, which was an improvement of almost 7% compared to the BSM1 reference value. This study provides a systematic approach to find an optimal solution for enhancing AgNP removal efficiency in WWTPs and thereby to prevent pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vilela
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701, Republic of Korea; ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - SeungChul Lee
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonho Hwangbo
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - KiJeon Nam
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangKyoo Yoo
- Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Qiu J, Wang H, Du Z, Cheng X, Liu Y, Wang H. Preparation of polyacrylamide via dispersion polymerization with gelatin as a stabilizer and its synergistic effect on organic dye flocculation. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Qiu
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zongliang Du
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration; Xiamen 361005 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Textile Institute, College of Light Industry, Textile, and Food Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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Oke N, Singh S, Garg A. A comparative treatment of bleaching wastewater by physicochemical processes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:2367-2379. [PMID: 29144295 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bleaching effluent discharged from a pulp and paper mill contains chlorinated organic compounds which are toxic to living matter. Physicochemical treatments such as coagulation and different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were employed for combined bleaching effluent generated from the first two stages (i.e. chlorination and alkali extraction) (pH = 3.5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 1,920 mg/L, and total organic carbon (TOC) = 663 mg/L). At optimum conditions (pH = 7.5, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) dose = 3.84 g/L and slow mixing time = 25 min), ∼68% removal in UV254 and ∼23% TOC removal was obtained during coagulation. Among various AOPs, UV/Fe2+/TiO2/H2O2 system showed the highest TOC and COD removals (∼78%) after 2 h duration (Fe2+:H2O2 molar ratio = 1:100). After the AOP process, chloride ion concentration and biodegradability of the treated wastewater was increased to 2,762 mg/L and 0.46 from an initial value of 2,131 mg/L and 0.29, respectively. The wastewater and sludge analysis showed oxidation and adsorption as the major mechanisms for organics removal. Upon reuse of the regenerated catalysts, TOC removal was reduced significantly. It was found that three times more sludge per unit TOC removal was generated after coagulation in comparison to that produced after UV/Fe2+/TiO2/H2O2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad Oke
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India E-mail:
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India E-mail:
| | - Anurag Garg
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India E-mail:
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Guvenc SY, Erkan HS, Varank G, Bilgili MS, Engin GO. Optimization of paper mill industry wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton processes using response surface methodology. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:2015-2031. [PMID: 29068332 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with chemical oxygen demand (COD), phenol and Ca+2 removal from paper mill industry wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-Fenton (EF) processes. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach was employed to evaluate the effects and interactions of the process variables and to optimize the performance of both processes. Significant quadratic polynomial models were obtained (R2 = 0.959, R2 = 0.993 and R2 = 0.969 for COD, phenol and Ca+2 removal, respectively, for EC and R2 = 0.936, R2 = 0.934 and R2 = 0.890 for COD, phenol and Ca+2 removal, respectively). Numerical optimization based on desirability function was employed; in a 27.55 min trial, 34.7% of COD removal was achieved at pH 9 and current density 96 mA/cm2 for EC, whereas in a 30 min trial, 74.31% of COD removal was achieved at pH 2 and current density 96 mA/cm2 and H2O2/COD molar ratio 2.0 for EF. The operating costs were calculated to be 6.44 €/m3 for EC and 7.02 €/m3 for EF depending on energy and electrode consumption at optimum conditions. The results indicate that the RSM is suitable for the design and optimization of both of the processes. However, EF process was a more effective technology for paper mill industry wastewater treatment as compared with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Hanife Sari Erkan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Gamze Varank
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Mehmet Sinan Bilgili
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Guleda Onkal Engin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
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Sherlala A, Raman A, Bello M. Adsorption of arsenic from aqueous solution using magnetic graphene oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/210/1/012007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hou W, Zhang W, Chen G, Luo Y. Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Maximal Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity from Melaleuca bracteata Leaves Using the Response Surface Methodology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162139. [PMID: 27611576 PMCID: PMC5017642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melaleuca bracteata is a yellow-leaved tree belonging to the Melaleuca genus. Species from this genus are known to be good sources of natural antioxidants, for example, the “tea tree oil” derived from M. alternifolia is used in food processing to extend the shelf life of products. In order to determine whether M. bracteata contains novel natural antioxidants, the components of M. bracteata ethanol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were extracted and the antioxidant activities of the extracts evaluated. Single-factor experiments, central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Ferric reducing power (FRP) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·) scavenging capacity were used as the evaluation indices of antioxidant activity. The results showed that the main components of M. bracteata ethanol extracts are methyl eugenol (86.86%) and trans-cinnamic acid methyl ester (6.41%). The single-factor experiments revealed that the ethanol concentration is the key factor determining the TPC, TFC, FRP and DPPH·scavenging capacity. RSM results indicated that the optimal condition of all four evaluation indices was achieved by extracting for 3.65 days at 53.26°C in 34.81% ethanol. Under these conditions, the TPC, TFC, FRP and DPPH·scavenging capacity reached values of 88.6 ± 1.3 mg GAE/g DW, 19.4 ± 0.2 mg RE/g DW, 2.37 ± 0.01 mM Fe2+/g DW and 86.0 ± 0.3%, respectively, which were higher than those of the positive control, methyl eugenol (FRP 0.97 ± 0.02 mM, DPPH·scavenging capacity 58.6 ± 0.7%) at comparable concentrations. Therefore, the extracts of M. bracteata leaves have higher antioxidant activity, which did not only attributed to the methyl eugenol. Further research could lead to the development of a potent new natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education; College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Forestry Science Institute, Tongshen Branch Offices, Wuzhishan, Hainan 572200, P. R. China
| | - Guode Chen
- Hainan Provincial Forestry Science Institute, Tongshen Branch Offices, Wuzhishan, Hainan 572200, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education; College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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