1
|
Beal KM, Bandara KR, Ali SR, Sonak RG, Barnes MR, Scarcelli JJ, Zhang L. The impact of expression vector position on transgene transcription allows for rational expression vector design in a targeted integration system. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300038. [PMID: 37272404 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific integration (SSI) technology has emerged as an effective approach by the pharmaceutical industry for the development of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. While SSI systems have been demonstrated to be effective for the development of CHO cell lines, they can be limiting in terms of both transgene expression and in the case of multi-specifics, the ability to generate the correct product of interest. To maximize the performance of Pfizer's dual SSI expression system for expressing monoclonal and multi-specific antibodies, we used a novel approach to investigate the positional effect of transgenes within expression vectors by engineering nucleotide polymorphisms (NP)s to use as biomarkers to track the level of transcript output from each expression vector position. We observed differences in transcript level for two different transgenes across all four expression vector positions interrogated. We then applied these learnings to rationally design expression vectors for six different mAbs and a multi-specific antibody. We showed enhanced productivity and optimal product quality when compared to a conventional expression vector topology. The learnings gained here can potentially aid in the determination of optimal vector topologies for several IgG-like multi-specific formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Beal
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kalpanie R Bandara
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Syed R Ali
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renuka G Sonak
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael R Barnes
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Cell Line Development, Bioprocess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toporova VA, Argentova VV, Aliev TK, Panina AA, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Optimization of recombinant antibody production based on the vector design and the level of metabolites for generation of Ig- producing stable cell lines. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:23. [PMID: 36811683 PMCID: PMC9947203 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biopharmaceutical industry is significantly growing worldwide, and the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used as a main expression host for the production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Various metabolic engineering approaches have been investigated to generate cell lines with improved metabolic characteristics for increasing longevity and mAb production. A novel cell culture method based on the 2-stage selection makes it possible to develop a stable cell line with high-quality mAb production. RESULTS We have constructed several design options of mammalian expression vectors for the high production of recombinant human IgG antibodies. Versions for bipromoter and bicistronic expression plasmids different in promoter orientation and cistron arrangements were generated. The aim of the work presented here was to assess a high-throughput mAb production system that integrates the advantages of high-efficiency cloning and stable cell clones to stage strategy selection reducing the time and effort required to express therapeutic monoclonal mAbs. Development of a stable cell line using bicistronic construct with EMCV IRES-long link gave an advantage in high mAb expression and long-term stability. Two-stage selection strategies allowed the elimination of low-producer clones by using metabolic level intensity to estimate the IgG production in the early steps of selection. The practical application of the new method allows to reduce time and costs during stable cell line development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Toporova
- grid.418853.30000 0004 0440 1573Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya ul. 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. V. Argentova
- grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Department of Bioengineering, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| | - T. K. Aliev
- grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Department of Chemical Enzymology, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1–3, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| | - A. A. Panina
- grid.418853.30000 0004 0440 1573Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya ul. 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - D. A. Dolgikh
- grid.418853.30000 0004 0440 1573Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya ul. 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, 117997 Russia ,grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Department of Bioengineering, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| | - M. P. Kirpichnikov
- grid.418853.30000 0004 0440 1573Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya ul. 16/10, GSP-7, Moscow, 117997 Russia ,grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Department of Bioengineering, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow, 119234 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mark JKK, Lim CSY, Nordin F, Tye GJ. Expression of mammalian proteins for diagnostics and therapeutics: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10593-10608. [PMID: 35674877 PMCID: PMC9175168 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibodies have proven to be remarkably successful for biomedical applications. They play important roles in epidemiology and medicine from diagnostics of diseases to therapeutics, treating diseases from incessant chronic diseases such as rheumatology to pandemic outbreaks. With no end in sight for the demand for antibody products, optimizations and new techniques must be expanded to accommodate this. METHODS AND RESULTS This review discusses optimizations and techniques for antibody production through choice of discovery platforms, expression systems, cell culture mediums, and other strategies to increase expression yield. Each system has its own merits and demerits, and the strategy chosen is critical in addressing various biological aspects. CONCLUSIONS There is still insufficient evidence to validate the efficacy of some of these techniques, and further research is needed to consolidate these industrial production systems. There is no doubt that more strategies, systems, and pipelines will contribute to enhance biopharmaceutical production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kar Kei Mark
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Crystale Siew Ying Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No 1 Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Taman Connaught, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Tissue Engineering Centre (TEC), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Gee Jun Tye
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Minden, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang JH, Shan LL, Liang F, Du CY, Li JJ. Strategies and Considerations for Improving Recombinant Antibody Production and Quality in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:856049. [PMID: 35316944 PMCID: PMC8934426 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.856049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies are rapidly developing therapeutic agents; approximately 40 novel antibody molecules enter clinical trials each year, most of which are produced from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. However, one of the major bottlenecks restricting the development of antibody drugs is how to perform high-level expression and production of recombinant antibodies. The high-efficiency expression and quality of recombinant antibodies in CHO cells is determined by multiple factors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of several state-of-the-art approaches, such as optimization of gene sequence of antibody, construction and optimization of high-efficiency expression vector, using antibody expression system, transformation of host cell lines, and glycosylation modification. Finally, the authors discuss the potential of large-scale production of recombinant antibodies and development of culture processes for biopharmaceutical manufacturing in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-He Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-He Zhang,
| | - Lin-Lin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fan Liang
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chen-Yang Du
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen M, Sheu MT, Cheng TL, Roffler SR, Lin SY, Chen YJ, Cheng YA, Cheng JJ, Chang HY, Wu TY, Kao AP, Ho YS, Chuang KH. A novel anti-tumor/anti-tumor-associated fibroblast/anti-mPEG tri-specific antibody to maximize the efficacy of mPEGylated nanomedicines against fibroblast-rich solid tumor. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:202-215. [PMID: 34826322 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG)-coated nanomedicines in solid tumor treatment is hindered by tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), which promote tumor progression and form physical barriers. We developed an anti-HER2/anti-FAP/anti-mPEG tri-specific antibody (TsAb) for one-step conversion of mPEG-coated liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox) to immunoliposomes, which simultaneously target HER2+ breast cancer cells and FAP+ TAFs. The non-covalent modification did not adversely alter the physical characteristics and stability of Lipo-Dox. The TsAb-Lipo-Dox exhibited specific targeting and enhanced cytotoxicity against mono- and co-cultured HER2+ breast cancer cells and FAP+ TAFs, compared to bi-specific antibody (BsAb) modified or unmodified Lipo-Dox. An in vivo model of human breast tumor containing TAFs also revealed the improved tumor accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of TsAb-modified mPEGylated liposomes without signs of toxicity. Our data indicate that arming clinical mPEGylated nanomedicines with the TsAb is a feasible and applicable approach for overcoming the difficulties caused by TAFs in solid tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yun Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Pei Kao
- Stemforce Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Ph.D Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alvarado-Fernández AM, Rodríguez-López EA, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Mosquera-Arévalo AR, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Trespalacios-Rangel AA. Effect of two preservation methods on the viability and enzyme production of a recombinant Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) strain. Cryobiology 2021; 105:32-40. [PMID: 34951975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii, previously known as Pichia pastoris, has been reported as a host for producing human recombinant lysosomal enzymes intended for enzyme replacement therapy. K. phaffii has advantages such as easy genetic handling, rapid growth, cost-effective mediums, and the ability to develop mammalian-like post-translational modifications. To maintain cell viability and enzyme activity over time, it is important to consider the bioprocess optimization and the proper selection and preservation of clones. In this study, we evaluated the effect of glycerol and skim milk in cryopreservation at -80 °C, as well as the use of skim milk or its combination with NaCl, disaccharides or sorbitol in freeze-drying on the cell viability and activity of a recombinant lysosomal enzyme (i.e., human β-hexosaminidase-A) produced in K. phaffii GS115 strain. The results showed that cryopreservation with glycerol and skim milk, as well as freeze-drying using disaccharides and sorbitol with skim milk, maintained the viability above 80%. Although variations in enzyme activity among treatments were found, the use of disaccharides had a positive effect on the enzymatic activity levels. This is the first report of the evaluation of two suitable methods to preserve a recombinant K. phaffii strain, preventing the loss of viability and maintaining the activity of the recombinant protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Faculty of Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC). Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Angela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Faculty of Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | | | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Faculty of Sciences. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
van den Akker GGH, Zacchini F, Housmans BAC, van der Vloet L, Caron MMJ, Montanaro L, Welting TJM. Current Practice in Bicistronic IRES Reporter Use: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5193. [PMID: 34068921 PMCID: PMC8156625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicistronic reporter assays have been instrumental for transgene expression, understanding of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) translation, and identification of novel cap-independent translational elements (CITE). We observed a large methodological variability in the use of bicistronic reporter assays and data presentation or normalization procedures. Therefore, we systematically searched the literature for bicistronic IRES reporter studies and analyzed methodological details, data visualization, and normalization procedures. Two hundred fifty-seven publications were identified using our search strategy (published 1994-2020). Experimental studies on eukaryotic adherent cell systems and the cell-free translation assay were included for further analysis. We evaluated the following methodological details for 176 full text articles: the bicistronic reporter design, the cell line or type, transfection methods, and time point of analyses post-transfection. For the cell-free translation assay, we focused on methods of in vitro transcription, type of translation lysate, and incubation times and assay temperature. Data can be presented in multiple ways: raw data from individual cistrons, a ratio of the two, or fold changes thereof. In addition, many different control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. In addition, many different normalization and control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. Therefore, we also categorized and summarized their use. Our unbiased analyses provide a representative overview of bicistronic IRES reporter use. We identified parameters that were reported inconsistently or incompletely, which could hamper data reproduction and interpretation. On the basis of our analyses, we encourage adhering to a number of practices that should improve transparency of bicistronic reporter data presentation and improve methodological descriptions to facilitate data replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guus Gijsbertus Hubert van den Akker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Federico Zacchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bas Adrianus Catharina Housmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Laura van der Vloet
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Marjolein Maria Johanna Caron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Dipartimentale in Medicina di Laboratorio, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tim Johannes Maria Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duarte FB, Brígido MDM, Melo EDO, Báo SN, Martins CF. Strategies for transfection of bovine mesenchymal stem cells with pBC1-anti-CD3 vector. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:1014-1024. [PMID: 33380273 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1862137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells from different origins behave differently regarding the incorporation of exogenous DNA and formation of transgenic cells. Milk production of recombinant antibody may benefit from efficient transfection protocols to produce transgenic animals. In this context, the objective of this study was to verify the transfection potential of bovine mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly (MSC-WJ) and adipose tissue (MSC-AT), comparing co-transfection protocols with vectors pBC1-anti-CD3 and pEF-NEO-GFP, using transfection reagents Lipofectamine LTX with Plus Reagent or Xfect. Skin fibroblasts (FIB) were used as the control group. Forty-eight hours after transfection, neomycin was added and cells cultured for 2 weeks. Treated cells were submitted to fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and PCR evaluations. Wharton's jelly cells were sensitive to treatments and started necrosis. In the flow cytometry assay, the median fluorescence was higher in adipocytes than fibroblasts, for both the Xfect (20.057 ± 1.620,7 and 10.601 ± 702,86, respectively, p < 0.05) and LTX (19.590 ± 113,84 and 10.518 ± 442,65, respectively, p < 0.05). These results, associated with evaluation of epifluorescence, demonstrated that adipocytes presented a better response to transfection than other cells, independent of the kit used. Performing PCR on co-transfected cells demonstrated the presence of anti-CD3, making this approach feasible for future experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Borges Duarte
- Embrapa Cerrados/Center of Technology for Zebu Dairy Cows (CTZL), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasilia, Brazil.,Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo de Oliveira Melo
- Embrapa Cerrados/Center of Technology for Zebu Dairy Cows (CTZL), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins
- Embrapa Cerrados/Center of Technology for Zebu Dairy Cows (CTZL), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hanna R, Cardarelli L, Patel N, Blazer LL, Adams JJ, Sidhu SS. A phage-displayed single-chain Fab library optimized for rapid production of single-chain IgGs. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2075-2084. [PMID: 32803886 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phage-displayed synthetic antibody (Ab) repertoires have become a major source of affinity reagents for basic and clinical research. Specific Abs identified from such libraries are often screened as fragments antigen binding (Fabs) produced in bacteria, and those with desired biochemical characteristics are reformatted for production as full-length immunoglobulin G (IgG) in mammalian cells. The conversion of Fabs to IgGs is a cumbersome and often rate-limiting step in the development of Abs. Moreover, biochemical properties required for lead IgG development are not always shared by the Fabs, and these issues are not uncovered until a significant effort has been spent on Abs that ultimately will not be useful. Thus, there is a need for simple and rapid techniques to convert phage-displayed Fabs to IgGs at an early stage of the Ab screening process. We report the generation of a highly diverse phage-displayed synthetic single-chain Fab (scFab) library, in which the light and heavy chains were tethered with an optimized linker. Following selection, pools of scFabs were converted to single-chain IgGs (scIgGs) en masse, enabling facile screening of hundreds of phage-derived scIgGs. We show that this approach can be used to rapidly screen for and select scIgGs that target cell-surface receptors, and scIgGs behave the same as conventional IgGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lia Cardarelli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nish Patel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Levi L Blazer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarrett J Adams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee Y, Kim H, Kim E, Park S, Ryu KH, Lee EG. Rational design of transient gene expression process with lipoplexes for high-level therapeutic protein production in HEK293 cells. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
11
|
High-level expression of biologically active human follicle stimulating hormone in the Chinese hamster ovary cell line by a pair of tricistronic and monocistronic vectors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219434. [PMID: 31276557 PMCID: PMC6611665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, is widely used for treatment of fertility disorders and is subject to biosimilars development. Cell lines with high specific productivities may simplify the FSH production process. Here, we used our previously established expression system based on vector p1.1 to create new cell lines secreting heterodimeric FSH protein. To this end, we linked open reading frames of both FSH subunits by the wild-type internal ribosome entry site from the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV IRES). Intact and double-negative for the dihydrofolate reductase CHO cells were stably transfected by the FSH-coding plasmids. Stably transfected intact cells showed higher level of the FSH secretion and were utilized for subsequent methotrexate-driven transgene amplification, which doubled their productivity. The excess of the free α-subunit was corrected by transfecting the cells by the additional p1.1-based plasmid encoding the β-subunit of the FSH. Clonal cell lines obtained secreted mostly the heterodimeric FSH and possessed specific productivities up to 12.3±1.7 pg/cell/day. Candidate clonal cell line C-P1.3-FSH-G4 maintained a constant specific productivity for at least 2 months of culturing without the section pressure. The resulting FSH protein conformed to the international pharmaceutical quality criteria as evidenced by the receptor binding kinetics, distribution pattern of hormone isoforms and biological activity. In conclusion, our expression system offers a simple and cost-effective approach to production of FSH.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pristovšek N, Nallapareddy S, Grav LM, Hefzi H, Lewis NE, Rugbjerg P, Hansen HG, Lee GM, Andersen MR, Kildegaard HF. Systematic Evaluation of Site-Specific Recombinant Gene Expression for Programmable Mammalian Cell Engineering. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:758-774. [PMID: 30807689 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many branches of biology depend on stable and predictable recombinant gene expression, which has been achieved in recent years through targeted integration of the recombinant gene into defined integration sites. However, transcriptional levels of recombinant genes in characterized integration sites are controlled by multiple components of the integrated expression cassette. Lack of readily available tools has inhibited meaningful experimental investigation of the interplay between the integration site and the expression cassette components. Here we show in a systematic manner how multiple components contribute to final net expression of recombinant genes in a characterized integration site. We develop a CRISPR/Cas9-based toolbox for construction of mammalian cell lines with targeted integration of a landing pad, containing a recombinant gene under defined 5' proximal regulatory elements. Generated site-specific recombinant cell lines can be used in a streamlined recombinase-mediated cassette exchange for fast screening of different expression cassettes. Using the developed toolbox, we show that different 5' proximal regulatory elements generate distinct and robust recombinant gene expression patterns in defined integration sites of CHO cells with a wide range of transcriptional outputs. This approach facilitates the generation of user-defined and product-specific gene expression patterns for programmable mammalian cell engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuša Pristovšek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saranya Nallapareddy
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Marie Grav
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hooman Hefzi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan E. Lewis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Peter Rugbjerg
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henning Gram Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikael Rørdam Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helene Faustrup Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tabasinezhad M, Mahboudi F, Wenzel W, Rahimi H, Walther TH, Blattner C, Omidinia E. The transient production of anti-TNF-α antibody Adalimumab and a comparison of its characterization to the biosimilar Cinorra. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 155:59-65. [PMID: 30468855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies have emerged over the last few decades as the fastest growing class of therapeutic proteins for autoimmune diseases. Post-translation modifications of antibodies produced by human cell lines are highly consistent with those existing in natural human proteins and this is a major advantage of utilizing these cell lines. Cinorra is a biosimilar form of the antibody Adalimumab, which is an antagonist of TNF-α used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Adalimumab and Cinorra were produced by stable expression from CHO cells. The aim of this study was to select HEK cells as a host for producing Adalimumab to reveal whether the antibody produced by this human-derived cell line has similar characterization to Cinorra. Adalimumab was transiently produced in HEK-293T cells, characterized and analyzed for its properties. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed a strong structural similarity of the expressed antibody with Cinorra. Likewise its binding activity and kinetic affinity to TNF-α (EC50 = 416.5 ng/ml, KD = 3.89 E-10 M,) were highly similar to that of Cinorra (EC50 = 421.2 ng/ml and KD = 3.34 E-10 M,). Additionally there was near identical neutralization of TNF-α-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (IC50 of the expressed = 4.93 nM; IC50 of Cinorra = 4.5 nM). Results indicate that Adalimumab produced by HEK-293T cells possesses a similarly efficient function and biological activity to Cinorra. Consequently, human-derived host cells with human post-translational modifications might potentially provide a basis for the development of Adalimumab with pharmaceutical properties for research and therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabasinezhad
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Torsten H Walther
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christine Blattner
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eskandar Omidinia
- Department of Genetics & Metabolism, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hunter M, Yuan P, Vavilala D, Fox M. Optimization of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 95:e77. [DOI: 10.1002/cpps.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
15
|
Wijesuriya SD, Pongo E, Tomic M, Zhang F, Garcia-Rodriquez C, Conrad F, Farr-Jones S, Marks JD, Horwitz AH. Antibody engineering to improve manufacturability. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 149:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
16
|
Yang Y, You M, Chen F, Jia T, Chen Y, Zhou B, Mi Q, An Z, Luo W, Xia N. Efficient development of a stable cell pool for antibody production using a single plasmid. J Biochem 2018; 163:391-398. [PMID: 29361116 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are the fastest growing group of biopharmaceuticals. Evaluation of drug candidates requires a sufficient amount of antibodies. Production of antibodies with stable cell pools is an efficient strategy to produce grams of proteins for drug candidate selection. Many methods have been described for developing stable cell pools for antibody expression. However, most of the reported methods are laborious due to the low frequency of high producers. In this study, we determined optimal vectors and screening parameters to develop a strategy for efficient construction of stable antibody expressing cell pools. The cell pool constructed using the optimized strategy consistently yielded a higher expression titer, up to 10-fold improvement. Further, this method resulted in a higher ratio of the cell pools with the main product peak above 95% as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography. High producers could be obtained by means of screening five 96-well plates. This strategy will greatly reduce clone-screening size during Clinical Lead Selection. This study provides a platform with efficient design of plasmids and screening strategies for significant cost and labour savings in high expression of two-subunit proteins such as antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Min You
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Fentian Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrong Jia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Mi
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenxin Luo
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuo CC, Chiang AW, Shamie I, Samoudi M, Gutierrez JM, Lewis NE. The emerging role of systems biology for engineering protein production in CHO cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 51:64-69. [PMID: 29223005 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To meet the ever-growing demand for effective, safe, and affordable protein therapeutics, decades of intense efforts have aimed to maximize the quantity and quality of recombinant proteins produced in CHO cells. Bioprocessing innovations and cell engineering efforts have improved product titer; however, uncharacterized cellular processes and gene regulatory mechanisms still hinder cell growth, specific productivity, and protein quality. Herein, we summarize recent advances in systems biology and data-driven approaches aiming to unravel how molecular pathways, cellular processes, and extrinsic factors (e.g. media supplementation) influence recombinant protein production. In particular, as the available omics data for CHO cells continue to grow, predictive models and screens will be increasingly used to unravel the biological drivers of protein production, which can be used with emerging genome editing technologies to rationally engineer cells to further control the quantity, quality and affordability of many biologic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Austin Wt Chiang
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Isaac Shamie
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, United States; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Mojtaba Samoudi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Jahir M Gutierrez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability at the University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yin Z, Gao M, Chu S, Su Y, Ye C, Wang Y, Pan Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Tong H, Zhu J. Antitumor activity of a newly developed monoclonal antibody against ROR1 in ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94210-94222. [PMID: 29212222 PMCID: PMC5706868 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is a tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor and ROR1 overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis in various cancers, including ovarian cancer. Targeting of ROR1 has been evaluated as a novel cancer therapy strategy. This study developed a novel chimeric anti-ROR1 Fab antibody (named ROR1-cFab) and then assessed the antitumor activity of this antibody in ovarian cancer cells, an in vitro model of preclinical cancer therapy. A ROR1-cFab prokaryotic expression vector was constructed from positive fusion cells (splenocytes from mice with high ROR1 immune titers were fused with myeloma cells) after three rounds of sub-clone affinity screening. Then, a variety of assays were employed to assess the binding selectivity and specificity of ROR1-cFab to ROR1 protein. Furthermore, CCK8, flow cytometric apoptosis, wound healing, and Transwell migration assays were used to assess antitumor activity of this newly developed anti-ROR1 antibody in ovarian cancer cells. We demonstrated that ROR1-cFab could specifically bind to ROR1 protein and ROR1-positive ovarian cancer A2780 cells. Functional assays revealed that ROR1-cFab inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration, as well as inducing apoptosis of ROR1-positive A2780 cells in a dose dependent manner. These effects were not observed in ROR1-negative lose386 cells. In conclusion, ROR1-cFab is a novel anti-ROR1 antibody with a high affinity to ROR1 protein and inhibitory effects on ROR1-positive cells. Future studies will determine whether the ROR1-cFab might be a promising candidate for treatment of ROR1-positive ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengna Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Mengyun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Sasa Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yiping Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chunping Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yiquan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Zhuanqin Pan
- Department of Nursing, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Zhuming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chinese Ministry of Health-designated Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Q, Wang W, Guo X, Jia YL, Wang YF, Wang TY. A short synthetic chimeric sequence harboring matrix attachment region/PSAR2 increases transgene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1755-1761. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1350563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A chimeric DNA fragment containing an interferon-beta matrix attachment region (MAR) and an immunoglobulin MAR (PSAR2) was synthesized. PSAR2 was cloned into the upstream or downstream region of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression cassette in a eukaryotic vector, which was then transfected into CHO cells. The results showed that PSAR2 did not effectively increase transgene expression when it was cloned into the upstream region of the eGFP expression cassette. However, when inserted downstream of the eGFP expression cassette, PSAR2-enhanced transient transgene expression and significantly increased the numbers of stably transfected cells compared with the control vector. Additionally, PSAR2 significantly increased eGFP copy numbers as compared with the control vector. PSAR2 could significantly enhance transgene expression in CHO cells according to the position in the vector and increased transgene copy numbers. We found a short chimeric sequence harboring two MARs effectively increased transgene expression in CHO cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan-Long Jia
- Pharmacy College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmadi S, Davami F, Davoudi N, Nematpour F, Ahmadi M, Ebadat S, Azadmanesh K, Barkhordari F, Mahboudi F. Monoclonal antibodies expression improvement in CHO cells by PiggyBac transposition regarding vectors ratios and design. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179902. [PMID: 28662065 PMCID: PMC5491063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) usually pass through the random integration of vectors to the cell genome, which is sensitive to gene silencing. One approach to overcome this issue is to target a highly transcribed region in the genome. Transposons are useful devices to target active parts of genomes, and PiggyBac (PB) transposon can be considered as a good option. In the present study, three PB transposon donor vectors containing both heavy and light chains were constructed, one contained independent expression cassettes while the others utilized either an Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) or 2A element to express mAb. Conventional cell pools were created by transferring donor vectors into the CHO cells, whereas transposon-based cells were generated by transfecting the cells with donor vectors with a companion of a transposase-encoding helper vector, with 1:2.5 helper/donor vectors ratio. To evaluate the influence of helper/donor vectors ratio on expression, the second transposon-based cell pools were generated with 1:5 helper/donor ratio. Expression levels in the transposon-based cells were two to five -folds more than those created by conventional method except for the IRES-mediated ones, in which the observed difference increased more than 100-fold. The results were dependent on both donor vector design and vectors ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Davoudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nematpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ebadat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahmadi M, Mahboudi F, Ahmadi S, Ebadat S, Nematpour F, Akbari Eidgahi MR, Davami F. PhiC31 integrase can improve the efficiency of different construct designs for monoclonal antibody expression in CHO cells. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 134:89-95. [PMID: 28400295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several types of expression vectors have been used for recombinant protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) which usually result in variable and unstable levels of expression. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we have compared the mAb0014 expression level of single ORF/IRES vector and dual ORF vector in the presence and absence of phiC31 integrase targeting system. Both expression vectors contain an elongation factor 1α (EF1α) promoter upstream of LC and harboring an attB site. CHO-S cells were co-transfected with single ORF/IRES or dual ORF vectors along with a phiC31 integrase expression vector which can catalyze recombination between attB site and pseudo-attP sites presented in the mammalian genome. Our results demonstrated that dual ORF vector in the presence of phiC31 integrase expression vectors (+FC31 2P) generated more recombinant antibody in comparison to its negative control (-FC31 2P). Moreover, both of +FC31 2P and -FC31 2P cell pools yield higher recombinant protein in comparison to single ORF/IRES vector (FC31 IRES) cell pools. Stability of expression in phiC31 co-transfected cell pools (+FC31 2P and +FC31 IRES) had no considerable changes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the dual ORF vector using integrase can support the generation of cell lines with stable transgene expression at an elevated mAb relative to single ORF/IRES vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ebadat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nematpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rocha-Pizaña MDR, Ascencio-Favela G, Soto-García BM, Martinez-Fierro MDLL, Alvarez MM. Evaluation of changes in promoters, use of UCOES and chain order to improve the antibody production in CHO cells. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 132:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Nematpour F, Mahboudi F, Vaziri B, Khalaj V, Ahmadi S, Ahmadi M, Ebadat S, Davami F. Evaluating the expression profile and stability of different UCOE containing vector combinations in mAb-producing CHO cells. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:18. [PMID: 28228095 PMCID: PMC5322649 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAb) increases, more efficient expression methods are required for their manufacturing process. Transcriptional gene silencing is a common phenomenon in recombinant cell lines which leads to expression reduction and instability. There are reports on improved antibody expression in ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) containing both heavy and light chain gene constructs. Here we investigate the impact of having these elements as part of the light chain, heavy chain or both genes during cell line development. In this regard, non-UCOE and UCOE vectors were constructed and stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell pools were generated by different vector combinations. Results Expression analysis revealed that all UCOE cell pools had higher antibody yields compared to non-UCOE cells, Moreover the most optimal expression was obtained by cells containing just the UCOE on heavy chain. In terms of stability, it was shown that the high level of expression was kept consistence for more than four months in these cells whereas the expression titers were reduced in the other UCOE pools. Conclusions In conclusion, UCOE significantly enhanced the level and stability of antibody expression and the use of this element with heavy chain provided more stable cell lines with higher production level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nematpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Samira Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.,Departments of Medical Biotechnology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 3519899951, Iran
| | - Saedeh Ebadat
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Davami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ayyar BV, Arora S, Ravi SS. Optimizing antibody expression: The nuts and bolts. Methods 2017; 116:51-62. [PMID: 28163103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are extensively utilized entities in biomedical research, and in the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. Many of these applications require high amounts of antibodies. However, meeting this ever-increasing demand of antibodies in the global market is one of the outstanding challenges. The need to maintain a balance between demand and supply of antibodies has led the researchers to discover better means and methods for optimizing their expression. These strategies aim to increase the volumetric productivity of the antibodies along with the reduction of associated manufacturing costs. Recent years have witnessed major advances in recombinant protein technology, owing to the introduction of novel cloning strategies, gene manipulation techniques, and an array of cell and vector engineering techniques, together with the progress in fermentation technologies. These innovations were also highly beneficial for antibody expression. Antibody expression depends upon the complex interplay of multiple factors that may require fine tuning at diverse levels to achieve maximum yields. However, each antibody is unique and requires individual consideration and customization for optimizing the associated expression parameters. This review provides a comprehensive overview of several state-of-the-art approaches, such as host selection, strain engineering, codon optimization, gene optimization, vector modification and process optimization that are deemed suitable for enhancing antibody expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sushrut Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shiva Shankar Ravi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elgundi Z, Sifniotis V, Reslan M, Cruz E, Kayser V. Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28190027 DOI: 10.3791/55153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring the successful production of a therapeutic antibody begins early on in the development process. The first stage is vector expression of the antibody genes followed by stable transfection into a suitable cell line. The stable clones are subjected to screening in order to select those clones with desired production and growth characteristics. This is a critical albeit time-consuming step in the process. This protocol considers vector selection and sourcing of antibody sequences for the expression of a therapeutic antibody. The methods describe preparation of vector DNA for stable transfection of a suspension variant of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cell line, using polyethylenimine (PEI). The cells are transfected as adherent cells in serum-containing media to maximize transfection efficiency, and afterwards adapted to serum-free conditions. Large scale production, setup as batch overgrow cultures is used to yield antibody protein that is purified by affinity chromatography using an automated fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) instrument. The antibody yields produced by this method can provide sufficient protein to begin initial characterization of the antibody. This may include in vitro assay development or physicochemical characterization to aid in the time-consuming task of clonal screening for lead candidates. This method can be transferable to the development of an expression system for the production of biosimilar antibodies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chu S, Zhu X, You N, Zhang W, Zheng F, Cai B, Zhou T, Wang Y, Sun Q, Yang Z, Zhang X, Wang C, Nie S, Zhu J, Wang M. The Fab Fragment of a Human Anti-Siglec-9 Monoclonal Antibody Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2016; 7:649. [PMID: 28082984 PMCID: PMC5183739 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of death for hospitalized patients and is characterized by massive overreaction of immune responses to invading pathogens which is mediated by cytokines. For decades, there has been no effective treatment for sepsis. Sialic acid-binding, Ig-like lectin-9 (Siglec-9), is an immunomodulatory receptor expressed primarily on hematopoietic cells which is involved in various aspects of inflammatory responses and is a potential target for treatment of sepsis. The aim of the present study was to develop a human anti-Siglec-9 Fab fragment, which was named hS9-Fab03 and investigate its immune activity in human macrophages. We began by constructing the hS9-Fab03 prokaryotic expression vector from human antibody library and phage display. Then, we utilized a multitude of assays, including SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, ELISA, affinity, and kinetics assay to evaluate the binding affinity and specificity of hS9-Fab03. Results demonstrated that hS9-Fab03 specifically bind to Siglec-9 antigen with high affinity, and pretreatment with hS9-Fab03 could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-β production in human PBMC-derived macrophages, but slightly increased IL-10 production in an early time point. We also observed similar results in human THP-1-differentiated macrophages. Collectively, we prepared the hS9-Fab03 with efficient activity for blocking LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production in human macrophages. These results indicated that ligation of Siglec-9 with hS9-Fab03 might be a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Medical University Affiliated with Bayi Clinical College, Hefei, China; Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na You
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Medical University Affiliated with Bayi Clinical College, Hefei, China; Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques , Nanjing , China
| | - Binggang Cai
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques , Nanjing , China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques , Nanjing , China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Chinese Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhiguo Yang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques , Nanjing , China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of the Ministry of Health, NJMU, Nanjing, China
| | - Maorong Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Medical University Affiliated with Bayi Clinical College, Hefei, China; Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lang S, Drewello D, Wichter J, Nommay A, Wilms B, Knopf HP, Jostock T. Surface display vectors for selective detection and isolation of high level antibody producing cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2386-93. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lang
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Delia Drewello
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Johannes Wichter
- GBW/H, White Biotechnology Research-Microbiology; BASF; Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Audrey Nommay
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Wilms
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Knopf
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jostock
- Integrated Biologics Profiling; Novartis Pharma AG; Postfach CH-4002, Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jefferis R. Posttranslational Modifications and the Immunogenicity of Biotherapeutics. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5358272. [PMID: 27191002 PMCID: PMC4848426 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5358272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by its gene sequence, the final structure and function are determined by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including quality control (QC) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and during passage through the Golgi apparatus. These processes are species and cell specific and challenge the biopharmaceutical industry when developing a production platform for the generation of recombinant biologic therapeutics. Proteins and glycoproteins are also subject to chemical modifications (CMs) both in vivo and in vitro. The individual is naturally tolerant to molecular forms of self-molecules but nonself variants can provoke an immune response with the generation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA); aggregated forms can exhibit enhanced immunogenicity and QC procedures are developed to avoid or remove them. Monoclonal antibody therapeutics (mAbs) are a special case because their purpose is to bind the target, with the formation of immune complexes (ICs), a particular form of aggregate. Such ICs may be removed by phagocytic cells that have antigen presenting capacity. These considerations may frustrate the possibility of ameliorating the immunogenicity of mAbs by rigorous exclusion of aggregates from drug product. Alternate strategies for inducing immunosuppression or tolerance are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Electrostatic engineering of the interface between heavy and light chains promotes antibody Fab fragment production. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:469-475. [PMID: 26856589 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9955-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments are used for diverse diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We have investigated the secretory production of Fab fragments from insect cells cotransfected with plasmid vectors carrying heavy- and light-chain genes. In the present study, to promote the formation of the disulfide bond between the heavy and light chains, some positively charged amino acid residues were introduced near the cysteine residue for the disulfide bond at the C-terminus of CL, while some negatively charged amino acid residues were added near the cysteine residue for the disulfide bond at the C-terminus of CH1. This electrostatic steering led to an increase in Fab secretions from insect cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang M, Zheng W, Zhu X, Xu J, Cai B, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Zhou L, Yang Z, Zhang X, Wang C, Nie S, Zhu J. A Human Anti-Toll Like Receptor 4 Fab Fragment Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Production in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146856. [PMID: 26785354 PMCID: PMC4718644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of clinical and experimental studies suggest that endotoxin/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling activation is critical in the development of hepatic fibrosis. However, studies examining the role of specific TLR4 inhibitor are still lacking. The present study was aimed to prepare a human anti-TLR4 Fab fragment, named hTLR4-Fab01, and to explore its immune activity. We screened the positive clone of anti-human TLR4 phagemid from a human phage-display antibody library using recombinant TLR4 protein, which was used as template cDNA for the amplification of variable regions of the heavy (VH) chain and light chain (VL), then coupled with highly conserved regions of the heavy chain domain 1 (CH1) and the light chain (CL), respectively. Thus, the prokaryotic expression vector pETDuet-1 of hTLR4-Fab01 was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. The characteristic of hTLR4-Fab01 was examined by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, ELISA, affinity and kinetics assay. Further, our data demonstrate that hTLR4-Fab01 could specifically bind to TLR4, and its treatment obviously attenuated the proinflammatory effect, characterized by less LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 production in human macrophages. In conclusion, we have successfully prepared the hTLR4-Fab01 with efficient activity for blocking LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines production, suggesting that the hTLR4-Fab01 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maorong Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
- Anhui Medical University Affiliated with Bayi Clinical College, Nanjing 210002, China
- * E-mail: (MW); (JZ)
| | - Wenkai Zheng
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Binggang Cai
- Anhui Medical University Affiliated with Bayi Clinical College, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Yang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Nanjing Jingdu Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing 210002, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of the Ministry of Health, NJMU, Nanjing 210029, China
- * E-mail: (MW); (JZ)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chng J, Wang T, Nian R, Lau A, Hoi KM, Ho SCL, Gagnon P, Bi X, Yang Y. Cleavage efficient 2A peptides for high level monoclonal antibody expression in CHO cells. MAbs 2015; 7:403-12. [PMID: 25621616 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1008351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Linking the heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) genes required for monoclonal antibodies (mAb) production on a single cassette using 2A peptides allows control of LC and HC ratio and reduces non-expressing cells. Four 2A peptides derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (F2A), equine rhinitis A virus (E2A), porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A) and Thosea asigna virus (T2A), respectively, were compared for expression of 3 biosimilar IgG1 mAbs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. HC and LC were linked by different 2A peptides both in the absence and presence of GSG linkers. Insertion of a furin recognition site upstream of 2A allowed removal of 2A residues that would otherwise be attached to the HC. Different 2A peptides exhibited different cleavage efficiencies that correlated to the mAb expression level. The relative cleavage efficiency of each 2A peptide remains similar for expression of different IgG1 mAbs in different CHO cells. While complete cleavage was not observed for any of the 2A peptides, GSG linkers did enhance the cleavage efficiency and thus the mAb expression level. T2A with the GSG linker (GT2A) exhibited the highest cleavage efficiency and mAb expression level. Stably amplified CHO DG44 pools generated using GT2A had titers 357, 416 and 600 mg/L for the 3 mAbs in shake flask batch cultures. Incomplete cleavage likely resulted in incorrectly processed mAb species and aggregates, which were removed with a chromatin-directed clarification method and protein A purification. The vector and methods presented provide an easy process beneficial for both mAb development and manufacturing.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2A peptide
- CHO
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- E2A, 2A peptide derived from the equine rhinitis virus
- F2A, 2A peptide derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus
- G, glycine
- GE2A, E2A with the GSG linker
- GF2A, F2A with the GSG linker
- GFP, green fluorescence protein
- GP2A, P2A with the GSG linker
- GSG linker
- GT2A, T2A with the GSG linker
- HC, heavy chain
- HT, hypoxanthine and thymine
- IRES, internal ribosome entry site
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- K, lysine
- LC, light chain
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MTX, methotrexate
- P, proline
- P2A, 2A peptide derived from the porcine teschovirus-1
- PFM, protein-free medium
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- T2A, 2A peptide derived from the Thosea asigna virus
- cleavage efficiency
- furin
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- monoclonal antibody
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Chng
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute; Agency for Science , Technology and Research (A*STAR) ; Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Isotope labeling of biologically interesting proteins is a prerequisite for structural and dynamics studies by NMR spectroscopy. Many of these proteins require mammalian cofactors, chaperons, or posttranslational modifications such as myristoylation, glypiation, disulfide bond formation, or N- or O-linked glycosylation; and mammalian cells have the necessary machinery to produce them in their functional forms. Here, we describe recent advances in mammalian expression, including an efficient adenoviral vector-based system, for the production of isotopically labeled proteins. This system enables expression of mammalian proteins and their complexes, including proteins that require posttranslational modifications. We describe a roadmap to produce isotopically labeled (15)N and (13)C posttranslationally modified proteins, such as the outer domain of HIV-1 gp120, which has four disulfide bonds and 15 potential sites of N-linked glycosylation. These methods should allow NMR spectroscopic analysis of the structure and function of posttranslationally modified and secreted, cytoplasmic, or membrane-bound proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guo Y, Wu J, Jia H, Chen W, Shao C, Zhao L, Ma J, Li R, Zhong Y, Fang F, Wang D, Sun J, Qian F, Dai X, Zhang G, Tian Z, Xiaoyi Li B, Xiao W. Balancing the Expression and Production of a Heterodimeric Protein: Recombinant Agkisacutacin as a Novel Antithrombotic Drug Candidate. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11730. [PMID: 26144864 PMCID: PMC4491848 DOI: 10.1038/srep11730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agkisacucetin extracted from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus has been demonstrated to be a promising antithrombotic drug candidate in clinical studies due to its function as a novel platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib inhibitor. Agkisacucetin is a heterodimeric protein composed of α- and β-subunits with seven disulphide bonds. Both subunits form inactive homodimeric products, which cause difficulties for recombinant production. In this study, Agkisacucetin α- and β-subunits were inserted sequentially into the chromosome of Pichia pastoris at the mutant histidinol dehydrogenase gene and ribosomal DNA repeat sites, respectively. By optimizing the gene copies and productivity of each subunit by drug screening, we successfully obtained a recombinant strain with balanced expression of the two subunits. Using this strain, a yield greater than 100 mg/L recombinant Agkisacucetin in fed-batch fermentation was reached. The recombinant Agkisacucetin possessed extremely similar binding affinity to recombinant GPIb and human platelets in in vitro assays, and its ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation activity ex vivo was identical to that of the extracted native Agkisacucetin, demonstrating that the yeast-derived Agkisacucetin could be an effective alternative to native Agkisacucetin. Moreover, this study provides an effective strategy for balancing the expression and production of heterodimeric proteins in P. pastoris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Guo
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Jia
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- 1] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Ma
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongjun Zhong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Fang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Sun
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Qian
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Zhaoke Pharmaceutical (Hefei) Co. Ltd., Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Weihua Xiao
- 1] The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs, Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China [3] Anhui Engineering Research Center of Recombinant Protein Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of advanced technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Steinwand M, Droste P, Frenzel A, Hust M, Dübel S, Schirrmann T. The influence of antibody fragment format on phage display based affinity maturation of IgG. MAbs 2014; 6:204-18. [PMID: 24262918 PMCID: PMC3929444 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, most approved therapeutic antibodies are provided as immunoglobulin G (IgG), whereas small recombinant antibody formats are required for in vitro antibody generation and engineering during drug development. Particularly, single chain (sc) antibody fragments like scFv or scFab are well suited for phage display and bacterial expression, but some have been found to lose affinity during conversion into IgG.
In this study, we compared the influence of the antibody format on affinity maturation of the CD30-specific scFv antibody fragment SH313-F9, with the overall objective being improvement of the IgG. The variable genes of SH313-F9 were randomly mutated and then cloned into libraries encoding different recombinant antibody formats, including scFv, Fab, scFabΔC, and FabΔC. All tested antibody formats except Fab allowed functional phage display of the parental antibody SH313-F9, and the corresponding mutated antibody gene libraries allowed isolation of candidates with enhanced CD30 binding. Moreover, scFv and scFabΔC antibody variants retained improved antigen binding after subcloning into the single gene encoded IgG-like formats scFv-Fc or scIgG, but lost affinity after conversion into IgGs. Only affinity maturation using the Fab-like FabΔC format, which does not contain the carboxy terminal cysteines, allowed successful selection of molecules with improved binding that was retained after conversion to IgG. Thus, affinity maturation of IgGs is dependent on the antibody format employed for selection and screening. In this study, only FabΔC resulted in the efficient selection of IgG candidates with higher affinity by combination of Fab-like conformation and improved phage display compared with Fab.
Collapse
|
36
|
Maximizing Antibody Production in Suspension-Cultured Mammalian Cells by the Customized Transient Gene Expression Method. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1207-13. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
37
|
Duverger V, Sauvage C, Kobr M, Imhof MO. An efficient detection agent for the high throughput screening of recombinant manufacturing cell lines. J Immunol Methods 2013; 400-401:2-12. [PMID: 23994258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To ensure the selection of high producing recombinant cell lines, a number of screening processes were developed in the presence of detection agents. Here, CHO cell lines secreting recombinant antibodies were detected in semi-solid medium containing detection agents. The aim was to compare two protein A-derived detection agents to two commercial fluorescent antibodies directed against the Fc part of the antibody of interest: the protein A derived Z domain fused to the red fluorescent protein and protein A labelled with a fluorescent Dylight™ 488 dye. All of these agents were compatible with cell recovery and colony formation, and specifically detected colonies secreting recombinant antibodies. Optimisation of the concentration of the fluorescent protein A allowed the identification of a higher number of good producers. Thus these data demonstrate that fluorescently labelled protein A-derivatives can be used for the selection of high producer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Duverger
- Cell Sciences, MerckSerono SA, ZI B, CH-1809 Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Frenzel A, Hust M, Schirrmann T. Expression of recombinant antibodies. Front Immunol 2013; 4:217. [PMID: 23908655 PMCID: PMC3725456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies are highly specific detection probes in research, diagnostics, and have emerged over the last two decades as the fastest growing class of therapeutic proteins. Antibody generation has been dramatically accelerated by in vitro selection systems, particularly phage display. An increasing variety of recombinant production systems have been developed, ranging from Gram-negative and positive bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi, insect cell lines, mammalian cells to transgenic plants and animals. Currently, almost all therapeutic antibodies are still produced in mammalian cell lines in order to reduce the risk of immunogenicity due to altered, non-human glycosylation patterns. However, recent developments of glycosylation-engineered yeast, insect cell lines, and transgenic plants are promising to obtain antibodies with "human-like" post-translational modifications. Furthermore, smaller antibody fragments including bispecific antibodies without any glycosylation are successfully produced in bacteria and have advanced to clinical testing. The first therapeutic antibody products from a non-mammalian source can be expected in coming next years. In this review, we focus on current antibody production systems including their usability for different applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Frenzel
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schirrmann
- Abteilung Biotechnologie, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gion WR, Davis-Taber RA, Regier DA, Fung E, Medina L, Santora LC, Bose S, Ivanov AV, Perilli-Palmer BA, Chumsae CM, Matuck JG, Kunes YZ, Carson GR. Expression of antibodies using single open reading frame (sORF) vector design: Demonstration of manufacturing feasibility. MAbs 2013; 5:595-607. [PMID: 23774760 PMCID: PMC3906313 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.25161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient production of large quantities of therapeutic antibodies is becoming a major goal of the pharmaceutical industry. We developed a proprietary expression system using a polyprotein precursor-based approach to antibody expression in mammalian cells. In this approach, the coding regions for heavy and light chains are included within a single open reading frame (sORF) separated by an in-frame intein gene. A single mRNA and subsequent polypeptide are produced upon transient and stable transfection into HEK293 and CHO cells, respectively. Heavy and light chains are separated by the autocatalytic action of the intein and antibody processing proceeds to produce active, secreted antibody. Here, we report advances in sORF technology toward establishment of a viable manufacturing platform for therapeutic antibodies in CHO cells. Increasing expression levels and improving antibody processing by intein and signal peptide selection are discussed.
Collapse
|
40
|
Comparison of internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and Furin-2A (F2A) for monoclonal antibody expression level and quality in CHO cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63247. [PMID: 23704898 PMCID: PMC3660568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four versions of tricistronic vectors expressing IgG1 light chain (LC), IgG1 heavy chain (HC), and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in one transcript were designed to compare internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and furin-2A (F2A) for their influence on monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression level and quality in CHO DG44 cells. LC and HC genes are arranged as either the first or the second cistron. When using mAb quantification methods based on the detection antibodies against HC Fc region, F2A-mediated tricistronic vectors appeared to express mAb at higher levels than the IRES-mediated tricistronic vectors in both transient and stable transfections. Further analysis revealed that more than 40% of products detected in stably transfected pools generated using the two F2A-mediated tricistronic vectors were aggregates. LC and HC from the F2A stably transfected pools were not properly processed, giving rise to LC+F2A+HC or HC+F2A+LC fusion proteins, LC and HC polypeptides with F2A remnants, and incorrectly cleaved signal peptides. Both IRES-mediated tricistronic vectors express mAb with correct sizes and signal peptide cleavage. Arrangement of LC as the first cistron in the IRES-mediated tricistronic vectors exhibits increased mAb expression level, better growth, and minimized product aggregation, while arrangement of HC as first cistron results in low expression, slower growth, and high aggregation. The results obtained will be beneficial for designing vectors that enhance mAb expression level and quality in mammalian cells.
Collapse
|
41
|
Overexpression of CHOP alone and in combination with chaperones is effective in improving antibody production in mammalian cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:2531-9. [PMID: 22926643 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Secretory capacities including folding and assembly are believed to be limiting factors in the establishment of mammalian cell lines producing high levels of recombinant therapeutic proteins. To achieve industrial success, it is also important to improve protein folding, assembly, and secretory processes in combination with increasing transcription and translation. Here, we identified the expression of CHOP/Gadd153 and GRP78, which are unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes, correlated with recombinant antibody production in stable CHO cells. Subsequently, CHOP overexpression resulted in increasing recombinant antibody production in some mammalian cell lines, and in addition a threefold further enhancement was obtained by combining expression with UPR-related genes or ER chaperones in transient assays. Overexpression of CHOP had no effect on the biochemical characteristics of the product. These results suggest overexpression of CHOP and its combinations may be an effective method to efficiently select a single cell line with a high level of antibody production in the development of cell lines for manufacturing.
Collapse
|
42
|
A Cassette Vector System for the Rapid Cloning and Production of Bispecific Tetravalent Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/antib1010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
43
|
IRES-mediated Tricistronic vectors for enhancing generation of high monoclonal antibody expressing CHO cell lines. J Biotechnol 2012; 157:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
Many therapeutically relevant proteins, like IgG antibodies, are highly complex, multimeric glycoproteins that are difficult to express in microbial systems and thus usually produced in mammalian host cells. During the past two decades, stable mammalian expression technologies have made huge progress resulting in highly increased speed of cell line development and yield of manufacturing processes. Here, we give an overview of technologies that are applied at different stages of state-of-the-art cell line development processes for biomanufacturing.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The human CMV promoter/enhancer is one of the strongest promoters for recombinant protein expression in mammalian cells, making the promoter very popular for production of recombinant antibodies. We used an antibody vector design where the antibody heavy and light chain genes were transcribed from a promoter complex consisting of two promoters arranged divergently with the 5' ends of the promoters in close proximity. However, when two identical CMV promoters constituted this promoter complex, the antibody expression observed was lower than expected based on the strength of the individual promoters. To optimize expression we prepared truncated promoter complexes where only one CMV enhancer controlled the initiation of transcription from two divergent minimal CMV core promoters. Antibody expression from the truncated promoter complexes was analyzed both when transiently transfected and upon stable site-specific integration into a CHO DG44 derived cell line. The data showed that it was possible for one enhancer to drive the expression of two core promoters. However, efficient expression from both divergent core promoters was seen only when the unique region upstream of the CMV enhancer was removed. Notably, a 12-fold increase in expression was found from the best of the truncated promoter complexes after stable site-specific integration when compared to the full-length double CMV promoter complex.
Collapse
|
46
|
Davies SL, O'Callaghan PM, McLeod J, Pybus LP, Sung YH, Rance J, Wilkinson SJ, Racher AJ, Young RJ, James DC. Impact of gene vector design on the control of recombinant monoclonal antibody production by Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1689-99. [PMID: 21882365 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically compare two vector design strategies for recombinant monoclonal antibody (Mab) synthesis by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; a dual open reading frame (ORF) expression vector utilizing separate cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters to drive heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) expression independently, and a single ORF vector design employing a single CMV promoter to drive HC and LC polypeptide expression joined by a foot and mouth disease virus F2A polypeptide self-cleaving linker sequence. Initial analysis of stable transfectants showed that transfectants utilizing the single ORF vector designs exhibited significantly reduced Mab production. We employed an empirical modeling strategy to quantitatively describe the cellular constraints on recombinant Mab synthesis in all stable transfectants. In all transfectants, an intracellular molar excess of LC polypeptide over HC polypeptide was observed. For CHO cells transfected with the single ORF vectors, model-predicted, and empirical intracellular intermediate levels could only be reconciled by inclusion of nascent HC polypeptide degradation. Whilst a local sensitivity analysis showed that qMab of all transfectants was primarily constrained by recombinant mRNA translation rate, our data indicated that all single ORF transfectants exhibited a reduced level of recombinant gene transcription and that Mab folding and assembly reactions generically exerted greater control over qMab. We infer that the productivity of single ORF transfectants is limited by ER processing/degradation "capacity" which sets a limit on transcriptional input. We conclude that gene vector design for oligomeric recombinant proteins should be based on an understanding of protein-specific synthetic kinetics rather than polypeptide stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Davies
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St., Sheffield, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Camper N, Byrne T, Burden RE, Lowry J, Gray B, Johnston JA, Migaud ME, Olwill SA, Buick RJ, Scott CJ. Stable expression and purification of a functional processed Fab' fragment from a single nascent polypeptide in CHO cells expressing the mCAT-1 retroviral receptor. J Immunol Methods 2011; 372:30-41. [PMID: 21782818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies and derivative formats such as Fab' fragments are used in a broad range of therapeutic, diagnostic and research applications. New systems and methodologies that can improve the production of these proteins are consequently of much interest. Here we present a novel approach for the rapid production of processed Fab' fragments in a CHO cell line that has been engineered to express the mouse cationic amino acid transporter receptor 1 (mCAT-1). This facilitated the introduction of the target antibody gene through retroviral transfection, rapidly producing stable expression. Using this system, we designed a single retroviral vector construct for the expression of a target Fab' fragment as a single polypeptide with a furin cleavage site and a FMDV 2A self-cleaving peptide introduced to bridge the light and truncated heavy chain regions. The introduction of these cleavage motifs ensured equimolar expression and processing of the heavy and light domains as exemplified by the production of an active chimeric Fab' fragment against the Fas receptor, routinely expressed in 1-2mg/L yield in spinner-flask cell cultures. These results demonstrate that this method could have application in the facile production of bioactive Fab' fragments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Camper
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Thaisuchat H, Baumann M, Pontiller J, Hesse F, Ernst W. Identification of a novel temperature sensitive promoter in CHO cells. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:51. [PMID: 21569433 PMCID: PMC3118111 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) expression system is the leading production platform for manufacturing biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of numerous human diseases. Efforts to optimize the production process also include the genetic construct encoding the therapeutic gene. Here we report about the successful identification of an endogenous highly active gene promoter obtained from CHO cells which shows conditionally inducible gene expression at reduced temperature. Results Based on CHO microarray expression data abundantly transcribed genes were selected as potential promoter candidates. The S100a6 (calcyclin) and its flanking regions were identified from a genomic CHO-K1 lambda-phage library. Computational analyses showed a predicted TSS, a TATA-box and several TFBSs within the 1.5 kb region upstream the ATG start signal. Various constructs were investigated for promoter activity at 37°C and 33°C in transient luciferase reporter gene assays. Most constructs showed expression levels even higher than the SV40 control and on average a more than two-fold increase at lower temperature. We identified the core promoter sequence (222 bp) comprising two SP1 sites and could show a further increase in activity by duplication of this minimal sequence. Conclusions This novel CHO promoter permits conditionally high-level gene expression. Upon a shift to 33°C, a two to three-fold increase of basal productivity (already higher than SV40 promoter) is achieved. This property is of particular advantage for a process with reduced expression during initial cell growth followed by the production phase at low temperature with a boost in expression. Additionally, production of toxic proteins becomes feasible, since cell metabolism and gene expression do not directly interfere. The CHO S100a6 promoter can be characterized as cold-shock responsive with the potential for improving process performance of mammalian expression systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruthai Thaisuchat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kumar A, Yellepeddi VK, Vangara KK, Strychar KB, Palakurthi S. Mechanism of gene transfection by polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers modified with ornithine residues. J Drug Target 2011; 19:770-80. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2011.568061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
50
|
In vitro and in vivo comparison of viral and cellular internal ribosome entry sites for bicistronic vector expression. Gene Ther 2011; 18:631-6. [PMID: 21368899 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bicistronic vectors are essential to achieve efficient expression of multiple genes in gene therapy protocols and biomedical applications. Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements have been utilized to initiate expression of an additional protein from a bicistronic vector. The IRES element commonly used in current bicistronic vectors originates from the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). As IRES-mediated translation is dependent on availability of IRES trans-acting factors, which vary between cell types and species, adequate gene expression from the EMCV IRES element is not always achieved. To identify a novel IRES element that mediates gene expression consistently with a higher efficiency than the EMCV IRES, we tested 13 bicistronic reporter constructs containing different viral and cellular IRES elements. The in vitro screening in human and mouse fibroblast and hepatocarcinoma cells revealed that the vascular endothelial growth factor and type 1 collagen-inducible protein (VCIP) IRES was the only IRES element that directed translation more efficiently than the EMCV IRES in all cell lines. Furthermore, the VCIP IRES initiated greater reporter expression levels than the EMCV IRES in transfected mouse livers. These results suggest that VCIP-IRES containing vectors improve gene expression compared with those harboring an EMCV-IRES. This could increase the potential benefits of bicistronic vectors for experimental and therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|