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Wang D, Hu G, Wang J, Yan D, Wang M, Yang L, Serikuly N, Alpyshov E, Demin KA, Galstyan DS, Amstislavskaya TG, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. Studying CNS effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine using zebrafish models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113383. [PMID: 32918992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a millennia-long history of treating human brain disorders, its complex multi-target mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Animal models are currently widely used to probe the effects of various TCMs on brain and behavior. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a novel vertebrate model organism for neuroscience research, and is increasingly applied for CNS drug screening and development. AIM OF THE STUDY As zebrafish models are only beginning to be applied to studying TCM, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the TCM effects on brain and behavior in this fish model species. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted using biomedical databases (Web of Science, Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Internet, CNKI), with key search words zebrafish, brain, Traditional Chinese Medicine, herbs, CNS, behavior. RESULTS We recognize the developing utility of zebrafish for studying TCM, as well as outline the existing model limitations, problems and challenges, as well as future directions of research in this field. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the growing value of zebrafish models for studying TCM, aiming to improve our understanding of TCM' therapeutic mechanisms and potential in treating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongni Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - LongEn Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Erik Alpyshov
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David S Galstyan
- Granov Russian Scientific Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and Neurobiology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
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Rostam N, Dosch R. Glyoxal Fixation as an Alternative for Zebrafish Embryo Immunostaining. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2218:245-252. [PMID: 33606236 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0970-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry has been widely used as a robust technique to determine the cellular and subcellular localization of proteins. This information ultimately helps to understand the function of these proteins and how biological processes are regulated. Antibodies applicable for labeling in zebrafish are limited, making immuno-staining challenging. Recently glyoxal fixation was rediscovered in tissue culture, mouse, rat, and Drosophila, expanding the list of effective antibodies for these species. Here, we compare a protocol for zebrafish staining using glyoxal as a fixative agent with PFA. We demonstrate that glyoxal fixation improves the antigenicity of some epitopes thereby increasing the number of useful antibodies in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rostam
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani (UoS), Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Roland Dosch
- Institute for Developmental Biochemistry, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
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Staudt N, Müller-Sienerth N, Fane-Dremucheva A, Yusaf SP, Millrine D, Wright GJ. A panel of recombinant monoclonal antibodies against zebrafish neural receptors and secreted proteins suitable for wholemount immunostaining. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:527-33. [PMID: 25490391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface receptors and secreted proteins play important roles in neural recognition processes, but because their site of action can be a long distance from neuron cell bodies, antibodies that label these proteins are valuable to understand their function. The zebrafish embryo is a popular vertebrate model for neurobiology, but suffers from a paucity of validated antibody reagents. Here, we use the entire ectodomain of neural zebrafish cell surface or secreted proteins expressed in mammalian cells to select monoclonal antibodies to ten different antigens. The antibodies were characterised by Western blotting and the sensitivity of their epitopes to formalin fixation was determined. The rearranged antigen binding regions of the antibodies were amplified and cloned which enabled expression in a recombinant form from a single plasmid. All ten antibodies gave specific staining patterns within formalin-treated embryonic zebrafish brains, demonstrating that this generalised approach is particularly efficient to elicit antibodies that stain native antigen in fixed wholemount tissue. Finally, we show that additional tags can be easily added to the recombinant antibodies for convenient multiplex staining. The antibodies and the approaches described here will help to address the lack of well-defined antibody reagents in zebrafish research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Staudt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | | | | | - Shahnaz P Yusaf
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - David Millrine
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.
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Baral R, Ngounou Wetie AG, Darie CC, Wallace KN. Mass spectrometry for proteomics-based investigation using the zebrafish vertebrate model system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:331-40. [PMID: 24952190 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is frequently being used to investigate the genetics of human diseases as well as resulting pathologies. Ease of both forward and reverse genetic manipulation along with conservation of vertebrate organ systems and disease causing genes has made this system a popular model. Many techniques have been developed to manipulate the genome of zebrafish producing mutants in a vast array of genes. While genetic manipulation of zebrafish has progressed, proteomics have been under-utilized. This review highlights studies that have already been performed using proteomic techniques and as well as our initial proteomic work comparing changes to the proteome between the ascl1a-/- and WT intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshica Baral
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY, 13699-5810, USA
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Wang YW, Wei CY, Dai HP, Zhu ZY, Sun YH. Subtractive phage display technology identifies zebrafish marcksb that is required for gastrulation. Gene 2013; 521:69-77. [PMID: 23537994 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we used a phage display technique to screen differentially expressed proteins from zebrafish post-gastrula embryos. With a subtractive screening approach, 6 types of single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) were screened out from an scFv antibody phage display library by biopanning against zebrafish embryonic homogenate. Four scFv fragments (scFv1, scFv3, scFv4 and scFv6) showed significantly stronger binding to the tailbud embryos than to the 30%-epiboly embryos. A T7 phage display cDNA library was constructed from zebrafish tailbud embryos and used to identify the antigens potentially recognized by scFv1, which showed the highest frequency and strongest binding against the tailbud embryos. We acquired 4 candidate epitopes using scFv1 and the corresponding genes showed significantly higher expression levels at tailbud stage than at 30%-epiboly. The most potent epitope of scFv1 was the clone scFv1-2, which showed strong homology to zebrafish myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate b (Marcksb). Western blot analysis confirmed the high expression of marcksb in the post-gastrula embryos, and the endogenous expression of Marcksb was interfered by injection of scFv1. Zebrafish marcksb showed dynamic expression patterns during embryonic development. Knockdown of marcksb strongly affected gastrulation movements. Moreover, we revealed that zebrafish marcksb is required for cell membrane protrusion and F-actin alignment. Thus, our study uncovered 4 types of scFvs binding to zebrafish post-gastrula embryos, and the epitope of scFv1 was found to be required for normal gastrulation of zebrafish. To our knowledge, this was the first attempt to combine phage display technique with the embryonic and developmental study of vertebrates, and we were able to identify zebrafish marcksb that was required for gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Hust M, Meyer T, Voedisch B, Rülker T, Thie H, El-Ghezal A, Kirsch MI, Schütte M, Helmsing S, Meier D, Schirrmann T, Dübel S. A human scFv antibody generation pipeline for proteome research. J Biotechnol 2010; 152:159-70. [PMID: 20883731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The functional decryption of the human proteome is the challenge which follows the sequencing of the human genome. Specific binders to every human protein are key reagents for this purpose. In vitro antibody selection using phage display offers one possible solution that can meet the demand for 25,000 or more antibodies, but needs substantial standardisation and minimalisation. To evaluate this potential, three human, naive antibody gene libraries (HAL4/7/8) were constructed and a standardised antibody selection pipeline was set up. The quality of the libraries and the selection pipeline was validated with 110 antigens, including human, other mammalian, fungal or bacterial proteins, viruses or haptens. Furthermore, the abundance of VH, kappa and lambda subfamilies during library cloning and the E. coli based phage display system on library packaging and the selection of scFvs was evaluated from the analysis of 435 individual antibodies, resulting in the first comprehensive comparison of V gene subfamily use for all steps of an antibody phage display pipeline. Further, a compatible cassette vector set for E. coli and mammalian expression of antibody fragments is described, allowing in vivo biotinylation, enzyme fusion and Fc fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hust
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Crosnier C, Staudt N, Wright GJ. A rapid and scalable method for selecting recombinant mouse monoclonal antibodies. BMC Biol 2010; 8:76. [PMID: 20525357 PMCID: PMC2898661 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-8-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies with high affinity and selectivity that work on wholemount fixed tissues are valuable reagents to the cell and developmental biologist, and yet isolating them remains a long and unpredictable process. Here we report a rapid and scalable method to select and express recombinant mouse monoclonal antibodies that are essentially equivalent to those secreted by parental IgG-isotype hybridomas. RESULTS Increased throughput was achieved by immunizing mice with pools of antigens and cloning - from small numbers of hybridoma cells - the functionally rearranged light and heavy chains into a single expression plasmid. By immunizing with the ectodomains of zebrafish cell surface receptor proteins expressed in mammalian cells and screening for formalin-resistant epitopes, we selected antibodies that gave expected staining patterns on wholemount fixed zebrafish embryos. CONCLUSIONS This method can be used to quickly select several high quality monoclonal antibodies from a single immunized mouse and facilitates their distribution using plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Crosnier
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
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