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Bosch AJT, Keller L, Steiger L, Rohm TV, Wiedemann SJ, Low AJY, Stawiski M, Rachid L, Roux J, Konrad D, Wueest S, Tugues S, Greter M, Böni-Schnetzler M, Meier DT, Cavelti-Weder C. CSF1R inhibition with PLX5622 affects multiple immune cell compartments and induces tissue-specific metabolic effects in lean mice. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2292-2306. [PMID: 37792013 PMCID: PMC10627931 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) promotes the proliferation, differentiation and survival of macrophages, which have been implicated in both beneficial and detrimental effects on glucose metabolism. However, the physiological role of CSF1 signalling in glucose homeostasis and the potential therapeutic implications of modulating this pathway are not known. We aimed to study the composition of tissue macrophages (and other immune cells) following CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition and elucidate the metabolic consequences of CSF1R inhibition. METHODS We assessed immune cell populations in various organs by flow cytometry, and tissue-specific metabolic effects by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps and insulin secretion assays in mice fed a chow diet containing PLX5622 (a CSF1R inhibitor) or a control diet. RESULTS CSF1R inhibition depleted macrophages in multiple tissues while simultaneously increasing eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. These immunological changes were consistent across different organs and were sex independent and reversible after cessation of the PLX5622. CSF1R inhibition improved hepatic insulin sensitivity but concomitantly impaired insulin secretion. In healthy islets, we found a high frequency of IL-1β+ islet macrophages. Their depletion by CSF1R inhibition led to downregulation of macrophage-related pathways and mediators of cytokine activity, including Nlrp3, suggesting IL-1β as a candidate insulin secretagogue. Partial restoration of physiological insulin secretion was achieved by injecting recombinant IL-1β prior to glucose stimulation in mice lacking macrophages. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Macrophages and macrophage-derived factors, such as IL-1β, play an important role in physiological insulin secretion. A better understanding of the tissue-specific effects of CSF1R inhibition on immune cells and glucose homeostasis is crucial for the development of targeted immune-modulatory treatments in metabolic disease. DATA AVAILABILITY The RNA-Seq dataset is available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession number GSE189434 ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE189434 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J T Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Keller
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Steiger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theresa V Rohm
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Andy J Y Low
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Stawiski
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Rachid
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel T Meier
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cavelti-Weder
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Yip JL, Balasuriya GK, Spencer SJ, Hill-Yardin EL. The Role of Intestinal Macrophages in Gastrointestinal Homeostasis: Heterogeneity and Implications in Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1701-1718. [PMID: 34506953 PMCID: PMC8551786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages play a key role in the gut immune system and the regulation of gastrointestinal physiology, including gut motility and secretion. Their ability to keep the gut from chronic inflammation despite constantly facing foreign antigens has been an important focus in gastrointestinal research. However, the heterogeneity of intestinal macrophages has impeded our understanding of their specific roles. It is now becoming clear that subsets of intestinal macrophages play diverse roles in various gastrointestinal diseases. This occurs through a complex interplay between cytokine production and enteric nervous system activation that differs for each pathologic condition. Key diseases and disorders in which intestinal macrophages play a role include postoperative ileus, inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as gastrointestinal disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus and Parkinson's disease. Here, we review the identification of intestinal macrophage subsets based on their origins and functions, how specific subsets regulate gut physiology, and the potential for these heterogeneous subpopulations to contribute to disease states. Furthermore, we outline the potential for these subpopulations to provide unique targets for the development of novel therapies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah J. Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Royal Melbourne Instutite of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisa L. Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Elisa L. Hill-Yardin, PhD, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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Koscsó B, Kurapati S, Rodrigues RR, Nedjic J, Gowda K, Shin C, Soni C, Ashraf AZ, Purushothaman I, Palisoc M, Xu S, Sun H, Chodisetti SB, Lin E, Mack M, Kawasawa YI, He P, Rahman ZSM, Aifantis I, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Bogunovic M. Gut-resident CX3CR1 hi macrophages induce tertiary lymphoid structures and IgA response in situ. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/46/eaax0062. [PMID: 32276965 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are composed of heterogeneous dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage subsets necessary for the initiation of immune response and control of inflammation. Although MPs in the normal intestine have been extensively studied, the heterogeneity and function of inflammatory MPs remain poorly defined. We performed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional analyses of inflammatory MPs in infectious Salmonella colitis and identified CX3CR1+ MPs as the most prevalent inflammatory cell type. CX3CR1+ MPs were further divided into three distinct populations, namely, Nos2 +CX3CR1lo, Ccr7 +CX3CR1int (lymph migratory), and Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi (mucosa resident), all of which were transcriptionally aligned with macrophages and derived from monocytes. In follow-up experiments in vivo, intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages were superior to conventional DC1 (cDC1) and cDC2 in inducing Salmonella-specific mucosal IgA. We next examined spatial organization of the immune response induced by CX3CR1+ macrophage subsets and identified mucosa-resident Cxcl13 +CX3CR1hi macrophages as the antigen-presenting cells responsible for recruitment and activation of CD4+ T and B cells to the sites of Salmonella invasion, followed by tertiary lymphoid structure formation and the local pathogen-specific IgA response. Using mice we developed with a floxed Ccr7 allele, we showed that this local IgA response developed independently of migration of the Ccr7 +CX3CR1int population to the mesenteric lymph nodes and contributed to the total mucosal IgA response to infection. The differential activity of intestinal macrophage subsets in promoting mucosal IgA responses should be considered in the development of vaccines to prevent Salmonella infection and in the design of anti-inflammatory therapies aimed at modulating macrophage function in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Koscsó
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sravya Kurapati
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Jelena Nedjic
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kavitha Gowda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Azree Zaffran Ashraf
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Indira Purushothaman
- PhD Program in Anatomy at Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sulei Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine/Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Milena Bogunovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Fink MY, Maloney J, Keselman A, Li E, Menegas S, Staniorski C, Singer SM. Proliferation of Resident Macrophages Is Dispensable for Protection during Giardia duodenalis Infections. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:412-421. [PMID: 31455692 PMCID: PMC7033283 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the intestinal parasite Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease in the world. Previous work has demonstrated that the cells and mechanisms of the adaptive immune system are critical for clearance of this parasite. However, the innate system has not been as well studied in the context of Giardia infection. We have previously demonstrated that Giardia infection leads to the accumulation of a population of CD11b+, F4/80+, ARG1+, and NOS2+ macrophages in the small intestinal lamina propria. In this report, we sought to identify the accumulation mechanism of duodenal macrophages during Giardia infection and to determine if these cells were essential to the induction of protective Giardia immunity. We show that F4/80+, CD11b+, CD11cint, CX3CR1+, MHC class II+, Ly6C−, ARG1+, and NOS2+ macrophages accumulate in the small intestine during infections in mice. Consistent with this resident macrophage phenotype, macrophage accumulation does not require CCR2, and the macrophages incorporate EdU, indicating in situ proliferation rather than the recruitment of monocytes. Depletion of macrophages using anti-CSF1R did not impact parasite clearance nor development of regulatory T cell or Th17 cellular responses, suggesting that these macrophages are dispensable for protective Giardia immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Y Fink
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Jenny Maloney
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | | | - Erqiu Li
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Samantha Menegas
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | | | - Steven M Singer
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
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5
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Bauché D, Joyce-Shaikh B, Jain R, Grein J, Ku KS, Blumenschein WM, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Wilson DC, McClanahan TK, Malefyt RDW, Macpherson AJ, Annamalai L, Yearley JH, Cua DJ. LAG3 + Regulatory T Cells Restrain Interleukin-23-Producing CX3CR1 + Gut-Resident Macrophages during Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Driven Colitis. Immunity 2018; 49:342-352.e5. [PMID: 30097293 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) maintains gut homeostasis but can also promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The regulation of ILC3-dependent colitis remains to be elucidated. Here we show that Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) prevented ILC3-mediated colitis in an IL-10-independent manner. Treg cells inhibited IL-23 and IL-1β production from intestinal-resident CX3CR1+ macrophages but not CD103+ dendritic cells. Moreover, Treg cells restrained ILC3 production of IL-22 through suppression of CX3CR1+ macrophage production of IL-23 and IL-1β. This suppression was contact dependent and was mediated by latent activation gene-3 (LAG-3)-an immune checkpoint receptor-expressed on Treg cells. Engagement of LAG-3 on MHC class II drove profound immunosuppression of CX3CR1+ tissue-resident macrophages. Our study reveals that the health of the intestinal mucosa is maintained by an axis driven by Treg cells communication with resident macrophages that withhold inflammatory stimuli required for ILC3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauché
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | | | - Renu Jain
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | - Jeff Grein
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | - Karin S Ku
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA
| | | | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniel J Cua
- Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1104 USA.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS 10, UMR7280, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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