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Cao C, Jiang J, Liu M, Dai Y, Chang T, Ji T, Gong F. Longitudinal evaluation of innate immune responses to three doses of CoronaVac vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277831. [PMID: 37849746 PMCID: PMC10577214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune responses induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccine has been extensively studied. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on innate immune cells. Here in this study, we recruited 62 healthcare workers who received three doses of CoronaVac vaccine and longitudinally profiled the alterations of peripheral monocytes and NK cells during vaccination. The results showed that both the monocyte and NK cell subsets distribution were altered, although the frequencies of the total monocyte and NK cells remained stable during the vaccination. Additionally, we found that both the 2nd and 3rd dose of CoronaVac vaccination elicited robust IFN-γ-producing NK cell response. Our data provided necessary insights on innate immune responses in the context of three homologous CoronaVac dose vaccination, and supplied immunological basis for the future design of inactivated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzhou Jintan First People’s Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianzhi Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuo Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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2
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The early evolution of COVID-19 incidence and mortality among people aged under 80 years or 80 years and above after COVID-19 vaccine implementation in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Vaccine 2022; 40:7191-7194. [PMID: 36357288 PMCID: PMC9618420 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the early effects of COVID-19 vaccine implementation in the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 among those aged < 80 years or ≥ 80 years in the state of Bahia, Brazil. For that, we used data from the Bahia state Secretary of Health platform of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in all age groups, between March 2020 and May 2021, when 82% of COVID-19 vaccines were CoronaVac. Overall, there were 1,012,200 cases and 21,241 deaths due to COVID-19, of which, respectively, 2.3% and 25.3% occurred in patients aged ≥ 80 years. The median proportion of deaths in those ≥ 80 years decreased from 29.8% (27.8%-30.4%) in the pre- to 18.8% (15.6%-18.8%) in the post-vaccine periods (p = 0.04). Significant reduction in the median proportion of deaths from COVID-19 among those aged ≥ 80 years after COVID-19 vaccine implementation was found, which suggests CoronaVac effectiveness against death from COVID-19 in the elderly.
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3
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Sokhansanj BA, Rosen GL. Predicting COVID-19 disease severity from SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequence by mixed effects machine learning. Comput Biol Med 2022; 149:105969. [PMID: 36041271 PMCID: PMC9384346 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that COVID-19 variants-of-concern, like Delta and Omicron, pose different risks for severe disease, but they typically lack sequence-level information for the virus. Studies which do obtain viral genome sequences are generally limited in time, location, and population scope. Retrospective meta-analyses require time-consuming data extraction from heterogeneous formats and are limited to publicly available reports. Fortuitously, a subset of GISAID, the global SARS-CoV-2 sequence repository, includes "patient status" metadata that can indicate whether a sequence record is associated with mild or severe disease. While GISAID lacks data on comorbidities relevant to severity, such as obesity and chronic disease, it does include metadata for age and sex to use as additional attributes in modeling. With these caveats, previous efforts have demonstrated that genotype-patient status models can be fit to GISAID data, particularly when country-of-origin is used as an additional feature. But are these models robust and biologically meaningful? This paper shows that, in fact, temporal and geographic biases in sequences submitted to GISAID, as well as the evolving pandemic response, particularly reduction in severe disease due to vaccination, create complex issues for model development and interpretation. This paper poses a potential solution: efficient mixed effects machine learning using GPBoost, treating country as a random effect group. Training and validation using temporally split GISAID data and emerging Omicron variants demonstrates that GPBoost models are more predictive of the impact of spike protein mutations on patient outcomes than fixed effect XGBoost, LightGBM, random forests, and elastic net logistic regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahrad A Sokhansanj
- Ecological and Evolutionary Signal Processing & Informatics Laboratory, Drexel University, 3100 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America.
| | - Gail L Rosen
- Ecological and Evolutionary Signal Processing & Informatics Laboratory, Drexel University, 3100 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America.
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4
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Liwsrisakun C, Pata S, Laopajon W, Takheaw N, Chaiwong W, Inchai J, Pothirat C, Bumroongkit C, Deesomchok A, Theerakittikul T, Limsukon A, Tajarernmuang P, Niyatiwatchanchai N, Trongtrakul K, Chuensirikulchai K, Kasinrerk W. Neutralizing antibody and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 boosting in the elderly previously immunized with CoronaVac vaccine. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:24. [PMID: 35610643 PMCID: PMC9126751 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The existence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in association with evidence of breakthrough infections despite vaccination resulted in the need for vaccine boosting. In elderly individuals, information on the immunogenicity of booster vaccinations is limited. In countries where the CoronaVac inactivated vaccine is the primary vaccine, the appropriate boosting regimen is not clear. Immunologic studies of the effects of booster vaccination against VOCs, particularly Delta and Omicron, following CoronaVac in elderly individuals are helpful for policy makers. In this study, we determined the immune responses against VOCs following ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 boosting in elderly individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac. Results Before boosting, the median % inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the wild-type (WT), Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants in the ChAdOx-1 and BNT162b2 groups was 52.8% vs. 53.4, 36.6% vs. 39.9, 5.2% vs. 13.7, 34.3% vs. 44.9, and 20.8% vs. 18.8%, respectively. After boosting with ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2, the % inhibition of NAbs were increased to 97.3% vs. 97.4, 94.3% vs. 97.3%, 79.9 vs. 93.7, 95.5% vs. 97.5, and 26.9% vs. 31.9% for WT, Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants, respectively. Boosting with BNT162b2 induced significantly higher NAb levels than boosting with ChAdOx-1 against the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants but not the WT and Omicron variants. NAb levels against Omicron variant were not significantly different before and after boosting with ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2. To evaluate T-cell responses, S peptides of the WT, Alpha, Beta and Delta variants were used to stimulate T cells. Upon stimulation, the expression of IL-17A in CD8 T cells was higher in the BNT162b2 group than in the ChAdOx-1 boosting group. However, IFN-γ production in CD4 and CD8 T cells did not significantly differ under all vaccination regimens. The expression of FasL in CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells, was higher in the BNT162b2-boosted group. Conclusion Boosting with either ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 in CoronaVac-primed healthy elderly individuals induced high NAb production against all examined VOCs except Omicron. BNT162b2 stimulated higher NAb and some T-cell responses than ChAdOx-1. Vaccine boosting is, therefore, recommended for elderly individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalerm Liwsrisakun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Witida Laopajon
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuchjira Takheaw
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warawut Chaiwong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Inchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Bumroongkit
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Athavudh Deesomchok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Theerakorn Theerakittikul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atikun Limsukon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Tajarernmuang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kantinan Chuensirikulchai
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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5
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Bilgin H, Marku M, Yilmaz SS, Karahasan Yagci A, Sili U, Can B, Can Sarinoglu R, Mulazimoglu Durmusoglu L, Haklar G, Sirikci O, Eksioglu Demiralp E. The effect of immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection on antibody levels, plasmablasts, long-lived-plasma-cells, and IFN-γ release by natural killer cells. Vaccine 2022; 40:2619-2625. [PMID: 35339303 PMCID: PMC8930391 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the antibody response, natural killer cell response and B cell phenotypes in healthcare workers (HCW) who are vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac with or without documented SARS-CoV-2 infection and unvaccinated HCWs with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS HCWs were divided into four groups: vaccine only (VO), vaccine after SARS-CoV-2 infection (VAI), SARS-CoV-2 infection only (IO), and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccine (IAV). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (Anti-S) antibodies were measured by Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ELISA kit. Memory B cells (CD19+CD27+), plasmablast B cells (CD19+CD138+) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPC; CD138+CD19-) were measured by flow cytometry in 74 patients. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release by natural killer (NK) cells were measured by NKVue Test (NKMAX, Republic of Korea) in 76 patients. RT-PCR was performed with Bio-speedy® COVID-19 qPCR detection kit, Version 2 (Bioexen LTD, Istanbul, Turkey). RESULTS The Anti-S antibodies were detectable in all HCWs (n: 224). The median Anti-S titers (BAU/mL) was significantly higher in VAI (620 25-75% 373-1341) compared to VO (136, 25-75% 85-283) and IO (111, 25-75% 54-413, p < 0.01). VAI group had significantly lower percentage of plasmablasts (2.9; 0-8.7) compared to VO (6.8; 3.5-12.0) and IO (9.9; 4.7-47.5, p < 0.01) (n:74). Percentage of LLPCs in groups VO, VAI and IO was similar. There was no difference of IFN-γ levels between the study groups (n: 76). CONCLUSION The antibody response was similar between uninfected vaccinated HCWs and unvaccinated HCWs who had natural infection. HCWs who had two doses of CoronaVac either before or after the natural SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited significantly higher antibody responses compared to uninfected vaccinated HCWs. The lower percentages of plasmablasts in the VAI group may indicate their migration to lymph nodes and initiation of the germinal center reaction phase. IFN-γ response did not differ among the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Bilgin
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marisa Marku
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sultan Seval Yilmaz
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Uluhan Sili
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Can
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Can Sarinoglu
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Goncagul Haklar
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onder Sirikci
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey,Corresponding author at: Fevzi Cakmak Mah Muhsinyazicioglu Cad No: 10 Marmara University Pendik Hospital, 34899 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Eksioglu Demiralp
- Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Tissue Typing and Immunology Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Au WY, Ye C, Briner SL, Suarez GD, Han J, Xu X, Park JG, Brindley MA, Martinez-Sobrido L, Cheung PPH. Systematic comparison between BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in the seroprotection against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants. J Infect 2022; 84:e55-e57. [PMID: 35245585 PMCID: PMC8889726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing Ying Au
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Li Ka Shing Medical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute; San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Sydney Leigh Briner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Gianmarco Domenico Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jeewon Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xinzhou Xu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Li Ka Shing Medical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute; San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Melinda Ann Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | | | - Peter Pak-Hang Cheung
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences; Li Ka Shing Medical Sciences Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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7
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Jiang Y, Wu Q, Song P, You C. The Variation of SARS-CoV-2 and Advanced Research on Current Vaccines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:806641. [PMID: 35118097 PMCID: PMC8804231 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.806641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and rapidly spread worldwide. In the process of evolution, new mutations of SARS-CoV-2 began to appear to be more adaptable to the diverse changes of various cellular environments and hosts. Generally, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants are characterized by high infectivity, augmented virulence, and fast transmissibility, posing a serious threat to the prevention and control of the global epidemic. At present, there is a paucity of effective measurements to cure COVID-19. It is extremely crucial to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants to enhance individual immunity, but it is not yet known whether they are approved by the authority. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the main characteristics of the emerging various variants of SARS-CoV-2, including their distribution, mutations, transmissibility, severity, and susceptibility to immune responses, especially the Delta variant and the new emerging Omicron variant. Furthermore, we overviewed the suitable crowd, the efficacy, and adverse events (AEs) of current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chongge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Uzun O, Akpolat T, Varol A, Turan S, Bektas SG, Cetinkaya PD, Dursun M, Bakan N, Ketencioglu BB, Bayrak M, Baris SA, Guner R, Gunal O, Nural S, Deniz PP, Toprak OB, Ozkan G, Gumus A, Kerget F, Ercelik M, Ataoglu O, Yuksel A, Ates G, Kutsoylu OE, Kose N, Kizilirmak D, Keskin S, Gultekin O, Coskun N, Yilmaz ES, Uslu S, Basyigit İ, Ergan B, Deveci F, Yakar MN, Zuhur C, Sagcan G, Yuce ZT, Kuluozturk M, Sezgin ME, Sezgin ENA, Havlucu Y, Cuhadaroglu C, Kilinc O, Boyaci H, Altunay H, Akti M, Dursun ZB, Kalem AK, Isik SA, Akyildiz L, Aykac N, Almaz MS, Kokturk N, Itil O. COVID-19: vaccination vs. hospitalization. Infection 2022; 50:747-752. [PMID: 34984646 PMCID: PMC8725959 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Vaccination is the most efficient way to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but vaccination rates remain below the target level in most countries. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the vaccination status of hospitalized patients and compare two different booster vaccine protocols. Setting Inoculation in Turkey began in mid-January 2021. Sinovac was the only available vaccine until April 2021, when BioNTech was added. At the beginning of July 2021, the government offered a third booster dose to healthcare workers and people aged > 50 years who had received the two doses of Sinovac. Of the participants who received a booster, most chose BioNTech as the third dose. Methods We collected data from 25 hospitals in 16 cities. Patients hospitalized between August 1 and 10, 2021, were included and categorized into eight groups according to their vaccination status. Results We identified 1401 patients, of which 529 (37.7%) were admitted to intensive care units. Nearly half (47.8%) of the patients were not vaccinated, and those with two doses of Sinovac formed the second largest group (32.9%). Hospitalizations were lower in the group which received 2 doses of Sinovac and a booster dose of BioNTech than in the group which received 3 doses of Sinovac. Conclusion Effective vaccinations decreased COVID-19-related hospitalizations. The efficacy after two doses of Sinovac may decrease over time; however, it may be enhanced by adding a booster dose. Moreover, unvaccinated patients may be persuaded to undergo vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Uzun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Göğüs Hst, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Tekin Akpolat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sema Turan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Nurten Bakan
- Şehit Prof Dr İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Serap Argun Baris
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Rahmet Guner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gunal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, University of Medical Science, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Serkan Nural
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, Hatay, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Oya Baydar Toprak
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cukuroca University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulcihan Ozkan
- Maslak Acibadem Hospital, Operating Room Services Department and Private Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Vocational School, Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ferhan Kerget
- Department of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | | | - Aycan Yuksel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gungor Ates
- Genesis Private Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Oya Eren Kutsoylu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Deniz Kizilirmak
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | | | - Nilüfer Coskun
- Şehit Prof Dr İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Serap Yilmaz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Faculty, Training and Research Hospital, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Selen Uslu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Faculty, Training and Research Hospital, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - İlknur Basyigit
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Begüm Ergan
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Figen Deveci
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Yakar
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Zeynep Ture Yuce
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Kuluozturk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | | | | | - Yavuz Havlucu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Oguz Kilinc
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasim Boyaci
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Akti
- Siirt Training and Research Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bastepe Dursun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kayseri City Hospital, Health Science University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kaya Kalem
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara City Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Akkaya Isik
- Sultan Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Nurdan Kokturk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oya Itil
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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Kandimalla R, Chakraborty P, Vallamkondu J, Chaudhary A, Samanta S, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Dewanjee S. Counting on COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights into the Current Strategies, Progress and Future Challenges. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1740. [PMID: 34829969 PMCID: PMC8615473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a novel coronavirus viz., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its subsequent substantial spread produced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Given its unprecedented infectivity and pathogenicity, the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on human health, and its clinical management has been a great challenge, which has led to the development and speedy trials of several vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 at an exceptional pace. As a result, several COVID-19 vaccines were made commercially available in the first half of 2021. Although several COVID-19 vaccines showed promising results, crucial insights into their epidemiology, protective mechanisms, and the propensities of reinfection are not largely reviewed. In the present report, we provided insights into the prospects of vaccination against COVID-19 and assessed diverse vaccination strategies including DNA, mRNA, protein subunits, vector-based, live attenuated, and inactivated whole/viral particle-based vaccines. Next, we reviewed major aspects of various available vaccines approved by the World Health Organization and by the local administrations to use against COVID-19. Moreover, we comprehensively assessed the success of these approved vaccines and also their untoward effects, including the possibility of reinfection. We also provided an update on the vaccines that are under development and could be promising candidates in the future. Conclusively, we provided insights into the COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology, their potency, and propensity for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, while a careful review of their current status, strategies, success, and future challenges was also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India;
| | - Sonalinandini Samanta
- Department of Dermatology (Skin & Venereology), ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Patna 801103, Bihar, India;
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
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Reduced CoronaVac vaccine antibody response in patients with chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 54:1459-1460. [PMID: 34661822 PMCID: PMC8521244 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-03023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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