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Mihara N, Machida A, Takeda Y, Shiga T, Ishii A, Nihei M. Formation and Growth of Atomic Scale Seeds of Au Nanoparticle in the Nanospace of an Organic Cage Molecule. Chemistry 2023:e202302604. [PMID: 37743250 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Seed-mediated growth has been widely used to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles with controlled size and shape. Although it is becoming possible to directly observe the nucleation process of metal atoms at the single atom level by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is challenging to control the formation and growth of seeds with only a few metal atoms in homogeneous solution systems. This work reports site-selective formation and growth of atomic scale seeds of the Au nanoparticle in a nanospace of an organic cage molecule. We synthesized a cage molecule with amines and phenols, which were found to both capture and reduce Au(III) ions to spontaneously form the atomic scale seeds containing Au(0) in the nanospace. The growth reaction of the atomic scale seeds afforded Au nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.0±0.2 nm, which is in good agreement with the inner diameter of the cage molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Mihara
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayaka Machida
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiga
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ishii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nihei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
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2
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Gurba A, Taciak P, Sacharczuk M, Młynarczuk-Biały I, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Fichna J. Gold (III) Derivatives in Colon Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:724. [PMID: 35054907 PMCID: PMC8775370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women. Standard patterns of antitumor therapy, including cisplatin, are ineffective due to their lack of specificity for tumor cells, development of drug resistance, and severe side effects. For this reason, new methods and strategies for CRC treatment are urgently needed. Current research includes novel platinum (Pt)- and other metal-based drugs such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), iridium (Ir), or ruthenium (Ru). Au(III) compounds are promising drug candidates for CRC treatment due to their structural similarity to Pt(II). Their advantage is their relatively good solubility in water, but their disadvantage is an unsatisfactory stability under physiological conditions. Due to these limitations, work is still underway to improve the formula of Au(III) complexes by combining with various types of ligands capable of stabilizing the Au(III) cation and preventing its reduction under physiological conditions. This review summarizes the achievements in the field of stable Au(III) complexes with potential cytotoxic activity restricted to cancer cells. Moreover, it has been shown that not nucleic acids but various protein structures such as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) mediate the antitumor effects of Au derivatives. The state of the art of the in vivo studies so far conducted is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gurba
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Przemysław Taciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (M.S.); (M.B.-Z.)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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Zhou XQ, Carbo-Bague I, Siegler MA, Hilgendorf J, Basu U, Ott I, Liu R, Zhang L, Ramu V, IJzerman AP, Bonnet S. Rollover Cyclometalation vs Nitrogen Coordination in Tetrapyridyl Anticancer Gold(III) Complexes: Effect on Protein Interaction and Toxicity. JACS AU 2021; 1:380-395. [PMID: 34056633 PMCID: PMC8154207 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a pair of gold(III) complexes derived from the analogous tetrapyridyl ligands H2biqbpy1 and H2biqbpy2 was prepared: the rollover, bis-cyclometalated [Au(biqbpy1)Cl ([1]Cl) and its isomer [Au(biqbpy2)Cl ([2]Cl). In [1]+, two pyridyl rings coordinate to the metal via a Au-C bond (C∧N∧N∧C coordination) and the two noncoordinated amine bridges of the ligand remain protonated, while in [2]+ all four pyridyl rings of the ligand coordinate to the metal via a Au-N bond (N∧N∧N∧N coordination), but both amine bridges are deprotonated. As a result, both complexes are monocationic, which allowed comparison of the sole effect of cyclometalation on the chemistry, protein interaction, and anticancer properties of the gold(III) compounds. Due to their identical monocationic charge and similar molecular shape, both complexes [1]Cl and [2]Cl displaced reference radioligand [3H]dofetilide equally well from cell membranes expressing the Kv11.1 (hERG) potassium channel, and more so than the tetrapyridyl ligands H2biqbpy1 and H2biqbpy2. By contrast, cyclometalation rendered [1]Cl coordinatively stable in the presence of biological thiols, while [2]Cl was reduced by a millimolar concentration of glutathione into metastable Au(I) species releasing the free ligand H2biqbpy2 and TrxR-inhibiting Au+ ions. The redox stability of [1]Cl dramatically decreased its thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition properties, compared to [2]Cl. On the other hand, unlike [2]Cl, [1]Cl aggregated into nanoparticles in FCS-containing medium, which resulted in much more efficient gold cellular uptake. [1]Cl had much more selective anticancer properties than [2]Cl and cisplatin, as it was almost 10 times more cytotoxic to human cancer cells (A549, A431, A375, and MCF7) than to noncancerous cells (MRC5). Mechanistic studies highlight the strikingly different mode of action of the two compounds: while for [1]Cl high gold cellular uptake, nuclear DNA damage, and interaction with hERG may contribute to cell killing, for [2]Cl extracellular reduction released TrxR-inhibiting Au+ ions that were taken up in minute amounts in the cytosol, and a toxic tetrapyridyl ligand also capable of binding to hERG. These results demonstrate that bis-cyclometalation is an appealing method to improve the redox stability of Au(III) compounds and to develop gold-based cytotoxic compounds that do not rely on TrxR inhibition to kill cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Quan Zhou
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Imma Carbo-Bague
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jonathan Hilgendorf
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vadde Ramu
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division
of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhu YF, Wang YS, Zhou B, Yu JH, Peng LL, Huang YQ, Li XJ, Chen SH, Tang X, Wang XF. A multifunctional fluorescent aptamer probe for highly sensitive and selective detection of cadmium(II). Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4951-4958. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Li MH, Wang YS, Cao JX, Chen SH, Tang X, Wang XF, Zhu YF, Huang YQ. Ultrasensitive detection of uranyl by graphene oxide-based background reduction and RCDzyme-based enzyme strand recycling signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:294-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sabounchei SJ, Shahriary P, Salehzadeh S, Gholiee Y, Nematollahi D, Chehregani A, Amani A. Gold(iii) complexes of 5-methyl-5-(pyridyl)-2,4-imidazolidenedione: synthesis, physicochemical, theoretical, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity investigation. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01042b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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7
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SARDROODI JABERJAHANBIN, RASTKAR ALIREZA, YOUSEFNIA NEGARRAD, AZAMAT JAFAR. COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TYPE OF DENSITY FUNCTIONAL IN THE DETERMINATION OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS IN A Cu COMPLEX. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613500661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of short-range electron correlation, long-range electron exchange, local and nonlocal parts of density, higher order gradients of density, and adding some percentage of Hartree–Fock exchange to the functional on the prediction of geometrical parameters were investigated. A copper complex namely 1,2-bis(1,4,7-triaza-1-cyclononyl) ethane copper (II) with Jahn–Teller distortion in octahedral geometry was used to evaluate the performance of 50 commonly available density functionals. The standard 3-21G basis set was used for all light elements, while pseudo potential LANL2DZ was used for the copper atom. The best bond lengths and bond angles were obtained using M05-2x and OP functionals respectively. Also in order to more accurate survey the performance of B3LYP, we used this functional with two all-electron basis sets (6-31G and 3-21G) and three basis sets involving effective core potentials (LANL2DZ/3-21G, LANL2DZ, and LACVP).
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Affiliation(s)
- JABER JAHANBIN SARDROODI
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
| | - ALIREZA RASTKAR
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
| | - NEGAR RAD YOUSEFNIA
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
| | - JAFAR AZAMAT
- Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, BP 5375171379 Tabriz, Iran
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Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG, Dobrzańska L. The gold-hydrogen bond, Au-H, and the hydrogen bond to gold, Au∙∙∙H-X. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:345-80. [PMID: 23999756 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60251f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this review, the characteristics of Au-H bonds in gold hydrides are reviewed including the data of recently prepared stable organometallic complexes with gold(I) and gold(III) centers. In the second part, the reports are summarized where authors have tried to provide evidence for hydrogen bonds to gold of the type Au∙∙∙H-X. Such interactions have been proposed for gold atoms in the Au(-I), Au(0), Au(I), and Au(III) oxidation states as hydrogen bonding acceptors and H-X units with X = O, N, C as donors, based on both experimental and quantum chemistry studies. To complement these findings, the literature was screened for examples with similar molecular geometries, for which such bonding has not yet been considered. In the discussion of the results, the recently issued IUPAC definitions of hydrogen bonding and the currently accepted description of agostic interactions have been used as guidelines to rank the Au∙∙∙H-X interactions in this broad range of weak chemical bonding. From the available data it appears that all the intra- and intermolecular Au∙∙∙H-X contacts are associated with very low binding energies and non-specific directionality. To date, the energetics have not been estimated, because there are no thermochemical and very limited IR/Raman and temperature-dependent NMR data that can be used as reliable references. Where conspicuous structural or spectroscopic effects have been observed, explanations other than hydrogen bonding Au∙∙∙H-X can also be advanced in most cases. Although numerous examples of short Au∙∙∙H-X contacts exist in the literature, it seems, at this stage, that these probably make only very minor contributions to the energy of a given system and have only a marginal influence on molecular conformations which so far have most often attracted researchers to this topic. Further, more dedicated investigations will be necessary before well founded conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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9
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Mohammad-Nataj R, Abedi A, Amani V. Halogenated Gold(III) Complexes Containing 4-Cyanopyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2012.761236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rufia Mohammad-Nataj
- a Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , I. R. Iran
| | - Anita Abedi
- a Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , I. R. Iran
| | - Vahid Amani
- b Department of Chemistry, Shahre-Rey Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , I. R. Iran
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10
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Kraus F, Schmidbaur H, Al-juaid SS. Tracing Hydrogen Bonding Au···H–C at Gold Atoms: A Case Study. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9669-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4014762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kraus
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salih S. Al-juaid
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Wang S, Shi Y, Shao W, Du J, Wei H, Zhang J, Wang K, Shen S, Li S, Li J, Zhao Y. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of gold(III) complexes with deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide. Appl Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Wang
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Shao
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Du
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wei
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Shijiazhuang; 050011; Hebei; People's Republic of China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Jitai Li
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding; 071002; People's Republic of China
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Shen B, Kezheng W, Xilin S, Lina W. Development of molecular imaging and nanomedicine in China. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:533-44. [PMID: 21850712 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress of molecular imaging (MI) and the application of nanotechnology in medicine have the potential to advance the foundations of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Although MI and biomedical nanotechnology are still in a formative phase in China, much has been achieved over the last decade. This article provides a commentary on the development and current status of nanomedicine in China, with a selective focus on Chinese nanoparticle synthesis technology, the development of imaging equipment, and the preclinical application of novel MI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhong Shen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China. ,
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14
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Copper, gold and silver compounds as potential new anti-tumor metallodrugs. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:1591-608. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin are powerful anticancer agents, they have undesirable side effects and are effective against only a few kinds of cancers. There is, therefore, a need for new drugs with an improved spectrum of efficacy and lower toxicity. Complexes of copper, gold and silver (coinage metals) are potential candidates to fullfill this need. The development of anticancer drugs based on these metals is currently a very active field. Considerable effort has also been put into elucidating the mechanisms of action of these complexes and optimizing their bioactivity through structural modification. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the design of coinage metal complexes with anti-tumor activity and discuss the emerging importance of quantitative structure–activity relationship methods in the study of anticancer metal complexes. Future work in this field, including likely coinage metal complexes that will attract attention, are proposed.
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Sun RWY, Li CKL, Ma DL, Yan JJ, Lok CN, Leung CH, Zhu N, Che CM. Stable anticancer gold(III)-porphyrin complexes: effects of porphyrin structure. Chemistry 2010; 16:3097-113. [PMID: 20162647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the design of physiologically stable anticancer gold(III) complexes, we have employed strongly chelating porphyrinato ligands to stabilize a gold(III) ion [Chem. Commun. 2003, 1718; Coord. Chem. Rev. 2009, 253, 1682]. In this work, a family of gold(III) tetraarylporphyrins with porphyrinato ligands containing different peripheral substituents on the meso-aryl rings were prepared, and these complexes were used to study the structure-bioactivity relationship. The cytotoxic IC(50) values of [Au(Por)](+) (Por=porphyrinato ligand), which range from 0.033 to >100 microM, correlate with their lipophilicity and cellular uptake. Some of them induce apoptosis and display preferential cytotoxicity toward cancer cells than to normal noncancerous cells. A new gold(III)-porphyrin with saccharide conjugation [Au(4-glucosyl-TPP)]Cl (2a; H(2)(4-glucosyl-TPP)=meso-tetrakis(4-beta-D-glucosylphenyl)porphyrin) exhibits significant cytostatic activity to cancer cells (IC(50)=1.2-9.0 microM) without causing cell death and is much less toxic to lung fibroblast cells (IC(50)>100 microM). The gold(III)-porphyrin complexes induce S-phase cell-cycle arrest of cancer cells as indicated by flow cytometric analysis, suggesting that the anticancer activity may be, in part, due to termination of DNA replication. The gold(III)-porphyrin complexes can bind to DNA in vitro with binding constants in the range of 4.9 x 10(5) to 4.1 x 10(6) dm(3) mol(-1) as determined by absorption titration. Complexes 2a and [Au(TMPyP)]Cl(5) (4a; [H(2)TMPyP](4+)=meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin) interact with DNA in a manner similar to the DNA intercalator ethidium bromide as revealed by gel mobility shift assays and viscosity measurements. Both of them also inhibited the topoisomerase I induced relaxation of supercoiled DNA. Complex 4a, a gold(III) derivative of the known G-quadruplex-interactive porphyrin [H(2)TMPyP](4+), can similarly inhibit the amplification of a DNA substrate containing G-quadruplex structures in a polymerase chain reaction stop assay. In contrast to these reported complexes, complex 2a and the parental gold(III)-porphyrin 1a do not display a significant inhibitory effect (<10%) on telomerase. Based on the results of protein expression analysis and computational docking experiments, the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein is a potential target for those gold(III)-porphyrin complexes with apoptosis-inducing properties. Complex 2a also displays prominent anti-angiogenic properties in vitro. Taken together, the enhanced stabilization of the gold(III) ion and the ease of structural modification render porphyrins an attractive ligand system in the development of physiologically stable gold(III) complexes with anticancer and anti-angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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(Pyrazolylmethyl)pyridine platinum(II) and gold(III) complexes: Synthesis, structures and evaluation as anticancer agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Sun RWY, Che CM. The anti-cancer properties of gold(III) compounds with dianionic porphyrin and tetradentate ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shaik N, Martínez A, Augustin I, Giovinazzo H, Varela-Ramírez A, Sanaú M, Aguilera RJ, Contel M. Synthesis of apoptosis-inducing iminophosphorane organogold(III) complexes and study of their interactions with biomolecular targets. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:1577-87. [PMID: 19146434 PMCID: PMC2765490 DOI: 10.1021/ic801925k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
New stable cationic organogold(III) complexes containing the "pincer" iminophosphorane ligand (2-C(6)H(4)-PPh(2)=NPh) have been prepared by reaction of the previously described [Au{kappa(2)-C,N-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2)=N(C(6)H(5))-2}Cl(2)] 1 and a combination of sodium or silver salts and appropriate ligands. The presence of the P atom in the PR(3) fragment has been used as a "spectroscopic marker" to study the in vitro stability (and oxidation state) of the new organogold complexes in solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide and water. Compounds with dithiocarbamato ligands and water-soluble phosphines of the general type [Au{kappa(2)-C,N-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2)=N(C(6)H(5))-2}(S(2)CN-R(2))]PF(6) (R = Me 2; Bz 3) and [Au{kappa(2)-C,N-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2)=N(C(6)H(5))-2}(PR(3))(n)Cl]PF(6) (PR(3) = P{Cp(m-C(6)H(4)-SO(3)Na)(2)} n = 1 4, n = 2 TPA {1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane} 5) have been synthesized and characterized in solution and in the solid state (the crystal structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies). Complexes 1-5 have been tested as potential anticancer agents, and their cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in vitro against HeLa human cervical carcinoma and Jurkat-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Compounds 2 and 3 are quite cytotoxic for these two cell lines. There is a preferential induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells after treatment with 1-5. However in the case of the more cytotoxic complex (2), cell death is activated because of both apoptosis and necrosis. The interactions of 1-5 with Calf Thymus DNA have been evaluated by Thermal Denaturation methods. All these complexes show no or little (electrostatic) interaction with DNA. The interaction of 2 with two model proteins (cytochrome c and thioredoxin reductase) has been analyzed by spectroscopic methods (vis-UV and fluorescence). Compound 2 manifests a high reactivity toward both proteins. The mechanistic implications of these results are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Alberto Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Idline Augustin
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Hugh Giovinazzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Mercedes Sanaú
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
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Li QX, Wang XF, Cai L, Li Q, Meng XG, Xuan AG, Huang SY, Ai J. Crystal structure, superoxide dismutase activity and electrochemical property of complex [Cu(dtne)]·(ClO4)2·CH3CH2OH. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wang X, Guo Z. Towards the rational design of platinum(ii) and gold(iii) complexes as antitumour agents. Dalton Trans 2008:1521-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b715903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Feng XM, Zhang Z, Li YZ, Bian NS, Wang ZL. Complexes of N,N′,N′′-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L): Structures of [CuL](ClO4)(NO3), [CoL](ClO4)2, [ZnL](ClO4)2 and the catalytic activity of [MnL](ClO4)2 towards olefin epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-006-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shi P, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Lin J, Lin L, Ding J, Guo Z. DNA binding properties of novel cytotoxic gold(III) complexes of terpyridine ligands: the impact of steric and electrostatic effects. J Biol Inorg Chem 2006; 11:745-52. [PMID: 16763798 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-006-0120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four gold(III) complexes of terpyridine derivatives 1-4 have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. In vitro data demonstrated that all of them showed higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against the human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (A-549), the human stomach carcinoma cell line (SGC-7901), the human cervix carcinoma cell line (HELA), the human colon carcinoma cell line (HCT-116), the human liver carcinoma cell line (BEL-7402), the murine leukemia cell line (P-388) and the human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60). Complex 3 exhibits the highest activity, with growth inhibition rates of over 80% at 10(-8) mol L(-1) against the A-549, HCT-116 and HELA tumor cell lines. Interestingly, ligands L1-L4 are also very cytotoxic against the cell lines tested. Complexes 1-4 are stable in aqueous solution for 2 days in the presence of the biological reducing agent glutathione. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data showed that DNA isolated from cells treated with complexes 1 and 3 contained gold with gold-to-nucleotide ratios of approximately 1:6,400 and 1:4,900, respectively. Fluorescence titration, UV and circular dichroism analyses proved that the steric and electrostatic effects of the ligand remarkably influence the interactions of their gold(III) complexes with DNA. The DNA binding ability of the complexes has been correlated with their cytotoxicity, which could potentially provide a new rationale for the future design of terpyridine-based metal complexes with antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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