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Abdulazeez R, Highab SM, Onyawole UF, Jeje MT, Musa H, Shehu DM, Ndams IS. Co-administration of resveratrol rescued lead-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104470. [PMID: 38763436 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Lead toxicity poses a significant environmental concern linked to diverse health issues. This study explores the potential mitigating effects of resveratrol on lead-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Adult fruit flies, aged three days, were orally exposed to lead (60 mg/L), Succimer (10 mg), and varying concentrations of resveratrol (50, 100, and 150 mg). The investigation encompassed the assessment of selected biological parameters, biochemical markers, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzymes. Resveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement of egg-laying, eclosion rate, filial generation output, locomotor activity, and life span in D. melanogaster, significantly to 150 mg of diet. Most of the investigated biochemical parameters were significantly rescued in lead-exposed fruit flies when co-treated with resveratrol (p < 0.05). However, oxidative stress remained unaffected by resveratrol. The findings suggest that resveratrol effectively protects against lead toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster and may hold therapeutic potential as an agent for managing lead poisoning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abdulazeez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
| | - S M Highab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - U F Onyawole
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - M T Jeje
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - H Musa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - D M Shehu
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - I S Ndams
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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2
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Solis-Angeles S, Del Razo LM, Aguilar-Madrid G, Jiménez-Ramírez C, Coco L, Cabello-López A, Juárez-Pérez CA. Occupational Lead Exposure Ototoxicity Evaluated With Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions. Ear Hear 2024; 45:329-336. [PMID: 37700446 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the extent of hearing loss among pottery workers in Mexico exposed to lead. DESIGN The authors conducted a cross-sectional study including 315 adult pottery workers. Auditory function was evaluated by air conduction pure-tone audiometry (pure-tone average) and distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels (amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio). Lead exposure was assessed with a single blood sample test and classified as low, medium, and high according to blood lead tertiles. Logistic regression models were calculated for the association between blood lead levels, pure-tone average, and DPOAE records. RESULTS Median (25th-75th) blood lead levels were 14 μg/dL (7.5-22.6 μg/dL). The audiometric pattern and DPOAE records were similar across blood lead levels groups in all frequencies, and no statistically significant differences were found. Adjusted logistic regression models showed no increase in the odds for hearing thresholds >25 dB (HL) and DPOAE absence associated with blood lead levels, and no dose-response pattern was observed ( p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Given the results from this cross-sectional study, no association was found between blood lead levels and hearing loss assessed with DPOAE. Future longitudinal work should consider chronic lead exposure estimates among underrepresented populations, which can potentially inform safer work practices to minimize the risk of ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Solis-Angeles
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz María Del Razo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Aguilar-Madrid
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmina Jiménez-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínico, Hospital de Traumatología "Dr. Victorio De la Fuente Narváez," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Coco
- Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alejandro Cabello-López
- Unidad de Investigación de Salud en el Trabajo, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Arturo Juárez-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación de Salud en el Trabajo, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Panigrahi AK, Pal PK, Sarkar Paria D. Melatonin as an Ameliorative Agent Against Cadmium- and Lead-Induced Toxicity in Fish: an Overview. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04723-3. [PMID: 38224395 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Diverse anthropogenic activities and lack of knowledge on its consequences have promoted serious heavy metal contaminations in different aquatic systems throughout the globe. The non-biodegradable nature of most of these toxic heavy metals has increased the concern on their possible bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms as well as in other vertebrates. Among these aquatic species, fish are most sensitive to such contaminated water that not only decreases their chance of survivability in the nature but also increases the probability of biomagnifications of these heavy metals in higher order food chain. After entering the fish body, heavy metals induce detrimental changes in different vital organs by impairing multiple physiological and biochemical pathways that are essential for the species. Such alterations may include tissue damage, induction of oxidative stress, immune-suppression, endocrine disorders, uncontrolled cell proliferation, DNA damage, and even apoptosis. Although uncountable reports have explored the toxic effects of different heavy metals in diverse fish species, but surprisingly, only a few attempts have been made to ameliorate such toxic effects. Since, oxidative stress seems to be the underlying common factor in such heavy metal-induced toxicity, therefore, a potent and endogenous antioxidant with no side effect may be an appropriate therapeutic solution. Apart from summarizing the toxic effects of two important toxicants, i.e., cadmium and lead in fish, the novelty of the present treatise lies in its arguments in favor of using melatonin, an endogenous free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, in ameliorating the toxic effects of heavy metals in any fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kumar Panigrahi
- The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
- Eco-toxicology, Fisheries & Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Beng, al-741235, India
| | - Palash Kumar Pal
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Dipanwita Sarkar Paria
- Department of Zoology, Chandernagore College, The University of Burdwan, Chandernagore, West Beng, al-712136, India.
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Yadav MP, Narayanasamy S, Aradhyam GK. Structural Plasticity Allows Calumenin-1 to Moonlight as a Ca 2+-Independent Chaperone: Pb 2+ Enables Probing Alternate Inhibitory Conformation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:69-81. [PMID: 38100476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Human calumenin-1 (HsCalu-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi-resident Ca2+-binding protein of the hepta-EF-hand superfamily that plays a vital role in maintaining the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration below toxic levels by interacting with Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptors (RyR), indicating its role in Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER. HsCalu-1 seems to be able to exhibit structural plasticity to achieve its plethora of functions. In this study, we demonstrate that HsCalu-1 acts as a chaperone in both its intrinsically disordered state (apo form) and the structured state (Ca2+-bound form). HsCalu-1 chaperone activity is independent of Ca2+ and Pb2+ binding attenuating its chaperone-like activity. Incidentally, Pb2+ binds to HsCalu-1 with lower affinity (KD = 38.46 μM) (compared to Ca2+-binding), leading to the formation of a less-stable conformation as observed by a sharp drop in its melting temperature Tm from 67 °C in the Ca2+-bound form to 43 °C in the presence of Pb2+. The binding site for Pb2+ was mapped as being in the EF-Hand-234 domain of HsCalu-1, a region that overlaps with the Ca2+-dependent initiator of its functional fold. A change in the secondary and tertiary structure, leading to a less-stable but compact conformation upon Pb2+ binding, is the mechanism by which the chaperone-like activity of HsCalu-1 is diminished. Our results not only demonstrate the chaperone activity by a protein in its disordered state but also explain, using Pb2+ as a probe, that the multiple functions of calumenin are due to its ability to adopt a quasi-stable conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Padamsing Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sasirekha Narayanasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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5
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Bjørklund G, Tippairote T, Hangan T, Chirumbolo S, Peana M. Early-Life Lead Exposure: Risks and Neurotoxic Consequences. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1620-1633. [PMID: 37031386 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230409135310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) does not have any biological function in a human, and it is likely no safe level of Pb in the human body. The Pb exposure impacts are a global concern for their potential neurotoxic consequences. Despite decreasing both the environmental Pb levels and the average blood Pb levels in the survey populations, the lifetime redistribution from the tissues-stored Pb still poses neurotoxic risks from the low-level exposure in later life. The growing fetus and children hold their innate high-susceptible to these Pb-induced neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects. OBJECTIVE This article aims to evaluate cumulative studies and insights on the topic of Pb neurotoxicology while assessing the emerging trends in the field. RESULTS The Pb-induced neurochemical and neuro-immunological mechanisms are likely responsible for the high-level Pb exposure with the neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral impacts at the initial stages. Early-life Pb exposure can still produce neurodegenerative consequences in later life due to the altered epigenetic imprints and the ongoing endogenous Pb exposure. Several mechanisms contribute to the Pb-induced neurotoxic impacts, including the direct neurochemical effects, the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation through immunologic activations, and epigenetic alterations. Furthermore, the individual nutritional status, such as macro-, micro-, or antioxidant nutrients, can significantly influence the neurotoxic impacts even at low-level exposure to Pb. CONCLUSION The prevention of early-life Pb exposure is, therefore, the critical determinant for alleviating various Pb-induced neurotoxic impacts across the different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, Mo i Rana, 8610, Norway
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Department of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, HP Medical Center, Bangkok 10540, Thailand
| | - Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, 900470, Romania
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy
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6
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Maxhuni A, Lazo P, Berisha L. Assessment of the Anthropogenic and Natural Factors on the Level of the Heavy Metals and Biogenic Elements in Soils in Kosovo. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2023; 234:452. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-023-06443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
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7
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Gerzen OP, Votinova VO, Potoskueva IK, Tzybina AE, Nikitina LV. Direct Effects of Toxic Divalent Cations on Contractile Proteins with Implications for the Heart: Unraveling Mechanisms of Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10579. [PMID: 37445756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of calcium and magnesium ions to proteins is crucial for regulating heart contraction. However, other divalent cations, including xenobiotics, can accumulate in the myocardium and enter cardiomyocytes, where they can bind to proteins. In this article, we summarized the impact of these cations on myosin ATPase activity and EF-hand proteins, with special attention given to toxic cations. Optimal binding to EF-hand proteins occurs at an ionic radius close to that of Mg2+ and Ca2+. In skeletal Troponin C, Cd2+, Sr2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and trivalent lanthanides can substitute for Ca2+. As myosin ATPase is not a specific MgATPase, Ca2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, and Sr2+ could support myosin ATPase activity. On the other hand, Zn2+ and Cu2 significantly inhibit ATPase activity. The affinity to various divalent cations depends on certain proteins or their isoforms and can alter with amino acid substitution and post-translational modification. Cardiac EF-hand proteins and the myosin ATP-binding pocket are potential molecular targets for toxic cations, which could significantly alter the mechanical characteristics of the heart muscle at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana P Gerzen
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Veronika O Votinova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Iulia K Potoskueva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alyona E Tzybina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa V Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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8
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Marino V, Cortivo GD, Dell'Orco D. Ionic displacement of Ca 2+ by Pb 2+ in calmodulin is affected by arrhythmia-associated mutations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119490. [PMID: 37201768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a highly toxic metal that severely perturbs physiological processes even at sub-micromolar levels, often by disrupting the Ca2+ signaling pathways. Recently, Pb2+-associated cardiac toxicity has emerged, with potential involvement of both the ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) and ryanodine receptors. In this work, we explored the hypothesis that Pb2+ contributes to the pathological phenotype of CaM variants associated with congenital arrhythmias. We performed a thorough spectroscopic and computational characterization of CaM conformational switches in the co-presence of Pb2+ and four missense mutations associated with congenital arrhythmias, namely N53I, N97S, E104A and F141L, and analyzed their effects on the recognition of a target peptide of RyR2. When bound to any of the CaM variants, Pb2+ is difficult to displace even under equimolar Ca2+ concentrations, thus locking all CaM variants in a specific conformation, which exhibits characteristics of coiled-coil assemblies. All arrhythmia-associated variants appear to be more susceptible to Pb2+ than WT CaM, as the conformational transition towards the coiled-coil conformation occurs at lower Pb2+, regardless of the presence of Ca2+, with altered cooperativity. The presence of arrhythmia-associated mutations specifically alters the cation coordination of CaM variants, in some cases involving allosteric communication between the EF-hands in the two domains. Finally, while wild type CaM increases the affinity for the RyR2 target in the presence of Pb2+, no specific pattern could be detected for all other variants, ruling out a synergistic effect of Pb2+ and mutations in the recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Marino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuditta Dal Cortivo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy.
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Tao Y, Shen L, Han S, Li Z, Cui Y, Lin Y, Qu J, Zhang Y. Metagenomic study of carbon metabolism in black soil microbial communities under lead-lanthanum stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130666. [PMID: 36580779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of soil environments with heavy metals (HMs) and rare earth elements (REEs) cannot be ignored. We aimed to determine the effects of lead combined with lanthanum (Pb-La) on microbial community structure, carbon metabolism, and differences in carbon source utilization in black soils using EcoPlates™ and a macrogenomic approach. We found that Pb and La contents and the microbial community structure together influence and shape the response of soil carbon metabolism to Pb-La. Compared with controls, microorganisms under pollution stress preferentially use phenolic and carboxylic acids as growth carbon sources. Under Pb-La stress, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria significantly increased, thereby selectively displacing heavy metal-sensitive phyla, such as Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Thaumarchaeota. Altered functional potential of the microbial carbon cycle manifested as differences in carbon metabolism, methane metabolism, and carbon fixation pathways. Furthermore, an appropriate concentration of La can reduce the environmental toxicity of Pb, whereas a high concentration of La has synergistic toxicity with Pb. These findings have important implications for understanding the impact of HM-REE contamination in microbial communities and the functions associated with carbon metabolism in black soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lu Shen
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Siyue Han
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zixu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yunhe Cui
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yulong Lin
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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10
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Liu X, Ju Y, Mandzhieva S, Pinskii D, Minkina T, Rajput VD, Roane T, Huang S, Li Y, Ma LQ, Clemens S, Rensing C. Sporadic Pb accumulation by plants: Influence of soil biogeochemistry, microbial community and physiological mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130391. [PMID: 36410245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent results revealed that considerable Pb accumulation in plants is possible under specific soil conditions that make Pb phytoavailable. In this review, the sources and transformations of Pb in soils, the interaction of Pb with bacteria and specifically the microbiota in the soil, factors and mechanisms of Pb uptake, translocation and accumulation in plants and Pb toxicity in living organisms are comprehensively elaborated. Specific adsorption and post-adsorption transformations of Pb in soil are the main mechanisms affecting the mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of Pb. The adsorption ability of Pb largely depends on the composition and properties of soils and environmental conditions. Microbial impact on Pb mobility in soil and bioavailability as well as bacterial resistance to Pb are considered. Specific mechanisms conferring Pb-resistance, including Pb-efflux, siderophores, and EPS, have been identified. Pathways of Pb entry into plants as well as mechanisms of in planta Pb transport are poorly understood. Available evidence suggests the involvement of Ca transporters, organic acids and the phytochelatin pathway in Pb transport, mobility and detoxification, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yongwang Ju
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Southern Federal University, 105, Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - David Pinskii
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, 105, Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, 105, Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Timberley Roane
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
| | - Shuangqin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanping Li
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Remediation and Human Health, College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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11
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Stoltzfus AT, Campbell CJ, Worth MM, Hom K, Stemmler TL, Michel SLJ. Pb(II) coordination to the nonclassical zinc finger tristetraprolin: retained function with an altered fold. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:85-100. [PMID: 36478265 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a nonclassical CCCH zinc finger (ZF) that plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation. TTP regulates cytokine mRNAs by specific binding of its two conserved ZF domains (CysX8CysX5CysX3His) to adenylate-uridylate-rich sequences (AREs) at the 3'-untranslated region, leading to degradation of the RNA. Dysregulation of TTP in animal models has demonstrated several cytokine-related syndromes, including chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Exposure to Pb(II), a prevalent environmental toxin, is known to contribute to similar pathologies, in part by disruption of and/or competition with cysteine-rich metalloproteins. TTP's role during stress as a ubiquitous translational regulator of cell signaling (and dysfunction), which may underpin various phenotypes of Pb(II) toxicity, highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between TTP and Pb(II). The impact of Pb(II) binding on TTP's fold and RNA-binding function was analyzed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fluorescence anisotropy. A construct containing the two ZF domains of TTP (TTP-2D) bound to Pb(II) with nanomolar affinity and exhibited a different geometry and fold in comparison to Zn2-TTP-2D. Despite the altered secondary structure, Pb(II)-substituted TTP-2D bound a canonical ARE sequence more selectively than Zn2-TTP-2D. Taken together, these data suggest that Pb(II) may interfere with proper TTP regulation and hinder the cell's ability to respond to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Stoltzfus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Courtney J Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Madison M Worth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kellie Hom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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12
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Alam MS, Azam S, Pham K, Leyva D, Fouque KJD, Fernandez-Lima F, Miksovska J. Nanomolar affinity of EF-hands in neuronal calcium sensor 1 for bivalent cations Pb2+, Mn2+ and Hg2. Metallomics 2022; 14:6601456. [PMID: 35657675 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abiogenic metals Pb and Hg are highly toxic since chronic and/or acute exposure often leads to severe neuropathologies. Mn2+ is an essential metal ion but in excess can impair neuronal function. In this study, we address in vitro the interactions between neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS1) and divalent cations. Results showed that non-physiological ions (Pb2+, Mn2+ and Hg2+) bind to EF-hands in NCS1 with nanomolar affinity and lower equilibrium dissociation constant than the physiological Ca2+ ion. (Kd,Pb2+ = 7.0±1.0 nM; Kd,Mn2+ = 34.0±6.0 nM; Kd, Hg2+ = 0.5±0.1 nM and 27.0±13.0 nM and Kd,Ca2+ = 96.0±48.0 nM). Native ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and trapped ion mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry (nESI-TIMS-MS) studies provided the NCS1-metal complex compositions - up to four Ca2+ or Mn2+ ions and three Pb2+ ions (M⋅Pb1-3Ca1-3, M⋅Mn1-4Ca1-2, and M⋅Ca1-4) were observed in complex - and similarity across the mobility profiles suggests that the overall native structure is preserved regardless of the number and type of cations. However, the non-physiological metal ions (Pb2+, Mn2+, and Hg2+) binding to NCS1 leads to more efficient quenching of Trp emission and a decrease in W30 and W103 solvent exposure compared to the apo and Ca2+ bound form, although the secondary structural rearrangement and exposure of hydrophobic sites are analogous to those for Ca2+ bound protein. Only Pb2+ and Hg2+ binding to EF-hands leads to the NCS1 dimerization whereas Mn2+ bound NCS1 remains in the monomeric form, suggesting that other factors in addition to metal ion coordination, are required for protein dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shofiul Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199USA
| | - Samiol Azam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199USA
| | - Khoa Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199USA
| | - Dennys Leyva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199USA
| | - Kevin Jeanne Dit Fouque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199USA
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, 33199USA
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13
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Perera NLD, Miksovska J, O'Shea KE. Elucidation of specific binding sites and extraction of toxic Gen X from HSA employing cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127765. [PMID: 34838360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly referred to as forever chemicals, in aquatic systems is a serious global health problem. While the remediation of PFAS from aqueous media has been extensively investigated, their interactions with and removal from biological systems have received far less attention. We report herein structural alterations to human serum albumin (HSA) upon addition of perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic) acid (Gen X) monitored by changes to the fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of HSA. The equilibrium association constant for Gen X binding to HSA is 7( ± 1) × 103 M-1 determined from changes in HSA fluorescence emission data during titration. Site-specific HSA binding fluorophores, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (1,8-ANS), warfarin and dansyl-L-proline were used to investigate the specific binding sites of Gen X on HSA. A competitive displacement study yields association constants for Gen X to HSA at the 1,8-ANS, warfarin, and dansyl-L-proline binding sites to be 6.25 ( ± 0.5) × 104 M-1, 1.1 × 106 M-1, and 2.5( ± 0.2) × 109 M-1 respectively. Addition of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and heptakis(6-deoxy-6-amino)-β-cyclodextrin heptahydrochloride to the HSA:Gen X complex leads to the effective extraction of Gen X from the complex with the return of HSA in its native form. Gen X also leads to displacement of site-specific binding fluorophores bound to HSA, while subsequent addition of β-CD extracts Gen X from HSA with the return of the characteristic fluorescence of the HSA bound site-specific agent. These results illustrate the strong and specific binding sites of Gen X on HSA and demonstrate the principles for the potential application of β-CD for the remediation of PFAS from biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Dilani Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th street, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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14
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El-Fakharany YM, Mohamed EM, Etewa RL, Abdel Hamid OI. Selenium nanoparticles alleviate lead acetate-induced toxicological and morphological changes in rat testes through modulation of calmodulin-related genes expression. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23017. [PMID: 35194871 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common toxic heavy metals. It is a well-known testicular toxicant. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are a more effective form of elemental selenium that reduces drug-induced toxicities. This study aimed to study the possible ameliorating effect of SeNPs on the toxicological and morphological changes in testes of lead acetate intoxicated rats. The study was conducted on 40 adult male albino rats divided into four groups; control, SeNPs-treated, lead acetate-treated, lead acetate and SeNPS treated groups. The concurrent treatment of lead acetate-exposed rats with SeNPs (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks significantly lowered the blood and testicular lead levels, increased serum testosterone, and decreased luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to approach control values. In addition, it improved the histopathological, and ultrastructural alterations of the testes and improved the immunohistochemical expression of the c-kit. This was accompanied by maintenance of the testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance and reversing the lead-induced disrupted calmodulin-related genes expression in testicular tissue in the form of downregulation of CAMMK2 and MAP2K6 and upregulation of CXCR4 genes. There was a strong positive correlation between testicular malondialdehyde and MAP2K6 expression level as well as a strong positive correlation between CXCR4 gene expression and the C-kit area %. In conclusion, SeNPs can be considered as a potential therapy for a lead-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara M El-Fakharany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mohamed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha L Etewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaima I Abdel Hamid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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15
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Ferreira G, Santander A, Chavarría L, Cardozo R, Savio F, Sobrevia L, Nicolson GL. Functional consequences of lead and mercury exposomes in the heart. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101048. [PMID: 34785060 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead and mercury are heavy metals that are highly toxic to life forms. There are no known physiological processes that require them, and they do not have a particular threshold concentration to produce biologic damage. They are non-biodegradable, and they slowly accumulate in the environment in a dynamic equilibrium between air, water, soil, food, and living organisms. Their accumulation in the environment has been increasing over time, because they were not banned from use in anthropogenic industrial production. In their +2 cationic state they are powerful oxidizing agents with the ability to interfere significantly with processes that require specific divalent cations. Acute or chronic exposure to lead and mercury can produce multisystemic damage, especially in the developing nervous systems of children and fetuses, resulting in variety of neurological consequences. They can also affect the cardiovascular system and especially the heart, either directly through their action on cardiomyocytes or indirectly through their effects on innervation, humoral responses or blood vessel alterations. For example, heart function modified by these heavy metals are heart rate, contraction, excitability, and rhythm. Some cardiac molecular targets have been identified and characterized. The direct mechanisms of damage of these heavy metals on heart function are discussed. We conclude that exposome to these heavy metals, should be considered as a major relevant risk factor for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Axel Santander
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luisina Chavarría
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Cardozo
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Savio
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores, 2125, CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16731 Gothard St. Huntington Beach, California, 92647, USA
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16
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Wyparło-Wszelaki M, Machoń-Grecka A, Wąsik M, Dobrakowski M. Critical aspects of the physiological interactions between lead and magnesium. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22964. [PMID: 34766669 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite technological progress, exposure to lead is an ongoing problem. There are many mechanisms governing the toxic effects of lead on the human body. One such mechanism involves the interaction of this xenobiotic with bivalent metal ions, including magnesium. Literature data suggest that the competition between these elements for binding sites at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as at the systemic level, may represent an important aspect of lead toxicity in the human body. This is especially clear in the context of oxidative stress, immune response, and gene expression modifications. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyparło-Wszelaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Machoń-Grecka
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marta Wąsik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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17
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Perylene Diimide‐Based
Pseudo
‐Crown Ether I: Supramolecular Aggregates for Sensing of Pb
2+
and Diethanolamine. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Ruiz-Ramirez C, Antaño-Martinez AR, Robles J, Gallegos-Corona MA, Gallegos-Reyes MA, Avila EE, Martinez-Alfaro M. Correlation between urinary KIM-1 and kidney protein expression of p-ERK following damage in rats exposed to gentamicin or lead acetate. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22875. [PMID: 34350654 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a membrane receptor upregulated in the proximal tubule cells following various types of kidney injuries. Notably, studies have suggested a correlation between KIM-1 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the kidney overexpression pattern of cytoplasmic phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) protein and increased urinary KIM-1 levels in rats exposed to gentamicin or lead acetate, both at the end of toxic exposure and after a 4-week recovery period. Although other proteins were evaluated, only kidney overexpression of cytoplasmic p-ERK protein correlated with increased urinary KIM-1 levels. For both toxic substances, the increased urinary KIM-1 levels corresponded with kidney inflammation. Our results suggest that KIM-1 and p-ERK share a common mechanism in kidney injury mediated by both toxic substances that induce proximal tubule damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juvencio Robles
- Pharmacy Department, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Eva E Avila
- Biology Department, DCNE, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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19
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Pham HT, Dinh KV, Hoang THT. Reversible and irreversible transgenerational effects of metal exposure on nine generations of a tropical micro-crustacean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116631. [PMID: 33631692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro-crustaceans are important grazers that control the algal blooms in eutrophic lakes. However, we know little about how these key species may be affected by long-term exposure to contaminants and when the transgenerational effects are reversible and irreversible. To address this, we investigated the effects of lead (Pb, 100 μg L-1) exposure on morphology and reproduction of Moina dubia for nine consecutive generations (F1-F9) in three treatments: control, Pb, and pPb (M. dubia from Pb-exposed parents returned to the control condition). In F1-F2, Pb did not affect morphology, and reproduction of M. dubia. In all later generations, Pb-exposed M. dubia had a smaller body and shorter antennae than those in control. In F3-F6, pPb-exposed animals showed no differences in body size and antennae compared to the control, suggesting recoverable effects. In F7-F9, the body size and antennae of pPb-exposed animals did not differ compared to Pb-exposed ones, and both were smaller than the control animals, suggesting irreversible effects. Pb exposure reduced the brood size, number of broods and total neonates per female in F3-F9, yet the reproduction could recover in pPb treatment until F7. No recovery of the brood size and number of broods per female was observed in pPb-exposed animals in the F8-F9. Our study suggests that long-term exposure to metals, here Pb, may cause irreversible impairments in morphology and reproduction of tropical urban micro-crustaceans that may lower the top-down control on algal blooms and functioning of eutrophic urban lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Pham
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No 1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Thuyloi University, No 175 Tay Son Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Thu-Huong T Hoang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No 1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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20
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Sifou A, Benabbou A, Ben Aakame R, Mahnine N, Antonopoulos A, Halim M, Zinedine A. Trace Elements in Breakfast Cereals and Exposure Assessment in Moroccan Population: Case of Lead and Cadmium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1268-1275. [PMID: 32578138 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of breakfast cereals in a balanced diet has been recognized for many years. Such foods should be safe and not contain toxic substances, especially trace elements. Among these elements, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are two important inorganic food contaminants. In this study, we assessed the contamination levels of breakfast cereal samples available in Morocco with Pb and Cd. For this, a total of sixty-two (n = 62) samples of breakfast cereals purchased in different markets in the country were surveyed for their Pb and Cd contents by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS) after total mineralization of samples. Results showed that out of 62 total samples, 47 samples (75.8%) were contaminated with Pb concentrations in the range of 0.016-1.057 μg/g. The remaining samples (24.2%) were under the detection limit (LOD) of Pb. In the case of Cd, 41 samples (66.1%) were contaminated with Cd levels that ranged between 0.011 and 0.123 μg/g. In the present study, four samples (6.45%) of breakfast cereals are above the maximum limit (0.2 μg/g) set by the European Commission Regulation No 1881/2006 for Pb in cereals. However, for the Cd, only one sample exceeded the maximum limit set for this element (0.1 μg/g). The levels compare well with those reported worldwide for similar foodstuffs. The estimation of the provisional weekly intakes of the two elements (Pb and Cd) showed that the risks of development of toxicological effects through breakfast cereals are very low. However, it is important that the long-term exposure to these elements be kept to minimum. This is the first study on the co-occurrence of the two trace elements (Pb and Cd) in breakfast cereal samples commercialized in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Sifou
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP:1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Asmae Benabbou
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Research Center 'Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment', Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ben Aakame
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Mahnine
- Laboratory of Food Toxicology, National Institute of Hygiene (INH), BP 769 Agdal, 27, Avenue Ibn Batouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alistair Antonopoulos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Mohammed Halim
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP:1014, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Zinedine
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnologies and Environment (BIOMARE), Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Route Ben Maachou PO Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco.
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21
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Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is a non-essential metal with numerous industrial applications that have led to ts ubiquity in the environment. Thus, not only occupational-exposed individuals' health is compromised, but also that of the general population and in particular children. Notably, although the central nervous system is particularly susceptible to Pb2+, other systems are affected as well. The present study focuses on molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects that arise from the presence of Pb2+ in situ in the brain, and the possible toxic effects that follows. As the brain barriers represent the first target of systemic Pb2+, mechanisms of Pb2+ entry into the brain are discussed, followed by a detailed discussion on neurotoxic mechanisms, with special emphasis on theories of ion mimicry, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox imbalance, and neuroinflammation. Most importantly, the confluence and crosstalk between these events is combined into a cogent mechanism of toxicity, by intertwining recent and old evidences from humans, in vitro cell culture and experimental animals. Finally, pharmacological interventions, including chelators, antioxidants substances, anti-inflammatory drugs, or their combination are reviewed as integrated approaches to ameliorate Pb2+ harmful effects in both developing or adult organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Virgolini
- IFEC CONICET. IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA and IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Andrews C, Xu Y, Kirberger M, Yang JJ. Structural Aspects and Prediction of Calmodulin-Binding Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010308. [PMID: 33396740 PMCID: PMC7795363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is an important intracellular protein that binds Ca2+ and functions as a critical second messenger involved in numerous biological activities through extensive interactions with proteins and peptides. CaM’s ability to adapt to binding targets with different structures is related to the flexible central helix separating the N- and C-terminal lobes, which allows for conformational changes between extended and collapsed forms of the protein. CaM-binding targets are most often identified using prediction algorithms that utilize sequence and structural data to predict regions of peptides and proteins that can interact with CaM. In this review, we provide an overview of different CaM-binding proteins, the motifs through which they interact with CaM, and shared properties that make them good binding partners for CaM. Additionally, we discuss the historical and current methods for predicting CaM binding, and the similarities and differences between these methods and their relative success at prediction. As new CaM-binding proteins are identified and classified, we will gain a broader understanding of the biological processes regulated through changes in Ca2+ concentration through interactions with CaM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Andrews
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (C.A.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yiting Xu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (C.A.); (Y.X.)
| | - Michael Kirberger
- Chemistry Division, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA;
| | - Jenny J. Yang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (C.A.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-4044135520
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23
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Meissner W, Binkowski ŁJ, Barker J, Hahn A, Trzeciak M. Relationship between blood lead levels and physiological stress in mute swans (Cygnus olor) in municipal beaches of the southern Baltic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136292. [PMID: 32050362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead is one of the non-essential metals that can become a serious environmental threat to the human population and wildlife causing various toxic impairments and pathologies. Waterfowl are especially sensitive to lead exposure as they stay in areas with a high risk of lead pollution due to hunting and fishing pressures. This study aims to determine recent blood lead levels in 45 live mute swans in the southern Baltic, in the Gulf of Gdańsk and to test the hypothesis that birds with elevated lead levels have a higher physiological stress. Mean concentration of lead in blood was 0.239 μg/g (range 0.028-0.675 μg/g). Almost half of the individuals examined in this study had increased blood Pb levels above the threshold level (0.23 μg/g), however none of them showed behavioural signs of Pb poisoning. Although the dominant food of mute swans staying at municipal beaches is bread delivered by people, which has low lead levels, lead was found in all blood samples taken from mute swans. In the study area, another possible source of lead poisoning, other than from ammunition, is connected with various anthropogenic activities, such as municipal sewage works. Moreover, poor diet results in greater susceptibility to absorption of lead and this may have an additional influence on elevated lead levels in blood of these birds. The Pb level was increased with heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L) ratio, which is used as a measure of longer-term physiological stress. The mean lead level in blood was higher in young birds than in adults, which may be a consequence of adults forcing them to take less calorific food from water plants containing elevated levels of lead in the area studied. However, it is difficult to disentangle this from other factors that may influence sensitivity to lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Włodzimierz Meissner
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Łukasz J Binkowski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Andreas Hahn
- School of Engineering and the Environment, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Marta Trzeciak
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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24
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Katti S, Igumenova TI. Interference of pH buffer with Pb 2+-peripheral domain interactions: obstacle or opportunity? Metallomics 2020; 12:164-172. [PMID: 32051983 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pb2+ is a xenobiotic metal ion that competes for Ca2+-binding sites in proteins. Using the peripheral Ca2+-sensing domains of Syt1, we show that the chelating pH buffer Bis-Tris enables identification and functional characterization of high-affinity Pb2+ sites that are likely to be targeted by bioavailable Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Katti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Wu S, Qi W, Wang Y, Su R, He Z. Rapid enrichment of peptides with calcium-chelating capacity and characterization of physical chemical properties. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2019.48.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.F. Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457. People's Republic of China
| | - W. Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
| | - Y.F. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
| | - R.X. Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
| | - Z.M. He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072. People's Republic of China
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Nanda KP, Kumari C, Dubey M, Firdaus H. Chronic lead (Pb) exposure results in diminished hemocyte count and increased susceptibility to bacterial infection in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124349. [PMID: 31326753 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal Pb is a common toxic pollutant present in our environment adversely affecting health of the living organisms. Recent studies suggest positive correlation between heavy metal exposure and immune dysfunction and present work utilizes Drosophila to address this issue in relation to Pb exposure. In-vivo Pb toxicity was established by dietary intake where essential parameters like development and life span were found to be hampered and augmented upon metallothionein B (mtnB) downregulation hinting towards potential role of mtnB in Pb detoxification. Further response of Drosophila to B. subtilis bacterial infection was monitored by carrying out oral infections. Pb fed flies showed increased susceptibility to infection as compared to their controls. Since Drosophila hemocytes play dual role as immune cells, we checked for the total hemocyte count and found significant decrease in hemocyte numbers in Pb fed larvae. Both crystal cells and plasmatocytes, the two major hemocytes in third instar larval hemolymph were reduced. However we did not find any visible morphological changes in Giemsa stained hemocytes. Crystal cells are crucial for synthesis and release of phenoloxidase (PO), an enzyme required for melanin clot synthesis and deposition. PO activity assessed from total hemolymph protein isolates was found to be substantially decreased in Pb raised animals. Results were also confirmed by spot test and native gel activity assay of PO. Overall our results suggest immunotoxic effect of Pb through decrease in hemocyte count including crystal cell which in turn leads to decreased PO activity and increased susceptibility to B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Pragati Nanda
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Chandani Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Madhavi Dubey
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Hena Firdaus
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India.
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Thomas VG, Kanstrup N, Fox AD. The transition to non-lead sporting ammunition and fishing weights: Review of progress and barriers to implementation. AMBIO 2019; 48:925-934. [PMID: 30607717 PMCID: PMC6675838 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-018-1132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review presents evidence of lead exposure and toxicity to wildlife and humans from spent shotgun and rifle ammunition and fishing weights, and the barriers and bridges to completing the transition to non-lead products. Despite the international availability of effective non-lead substitutes, and that more jurisdictions are adopting suitable policies and regulations, a broader transition to non-lead alternatives is prevented because resolution remains divided among disparate human user constituencies. Progress has occurred only where evidence is most compelling or where a responsible public authority with statutory powers has managed to change mindsets in the wider public interest. Arguments opposing lead bans are shown to lack validity. Differing national regulations impede progress, requiring analysis to achieve better regulation. Evidence that lead bans have reduced wildlife exposure should be used more to promote sustainable hunting and fishing. Evidence of the lead contribution from hunted game to human exposure should shape policy and regulation to end lead ammunition use. The Special Issue presents evidence that a transition to non-lead products is both warranted and feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon G. Thomas
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Niels Kanstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Kalø, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, Denmark
| | - Anthony D. Fox
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Kalø, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, Denmark
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Acharya S, Sharma AK. The Thermodynamic and pH Metric Binding Studies of Cu+2 Ions with Egg Protein by Spectrometric and Diffusion Current Techniques. Z PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Transition metals have unique efficacy in catalyzing various industrial reactions and also in living system, the redox reaction and redox changes in the metal ions catalyzed valence changes in the substrate molecule. The survey of the existing literature revealed that the binding of Molybdenum, Vanadium, Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, Nickel and Cobalt with the protein is well known but no binding studies of copper metal with egg protein are reported. With a view to extend the existing knowledge of ecological nature of metal-protein system, it was thought of interest to investigate the properties of metal-protein mixture. Investigations on the aspects of these binding problems were planned and their bindings constants have been determined using suitable physico-chemical methods. The pH metric, diffusion current measurements, spectrophotometric methods have been used on the binding of copper ions with albumin. The effect of physico-chemical factors on interaction between divalent metal ion i.e. copper with albumin has been discussed. On the basis of observed results, it is found that the binding data were dependent on pH and temperature. From scatchard plots, the intrinsic association constants (k) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated and found high at lower pH and temperatures. Therefore, a lower temperature and lower pH offered more sites in the protein molecule for interaction with copper (II) ions. The enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) changes, free energy change (ΔG°) have been calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta Acharya
- Department of Chemistry , Government College , Kota-324001, Rajasthan , India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Government P. G. College , Jhalawar-326001, Rajasthan , India
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Azam S, Miksovska J. Pb 2+ Binds to Downstream Regulatory Element Antagonist Modulator (DREAM) and Modulates Its Interactions with Binding Partners: A Link between Neuronal Calcium Sensors and Pb 2+ Neurotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1263-1272. [PMID: 30399317 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pb2+ exposure leads to diverse neurological disorders; however, the mechanism of Pb2+-induced neurotoxicity is not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that Pb2+ binds to EF-hands in apo-DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) with a lower equilibrium dissociation constant ( Kd = 20 ± 2 nM) than Ca2+ ( Kd = 1 μM). Based on the Trp169 emission and CD spectra, we report that Pb2+ association triggers changes in the protein secondary and tertiary structures that are analogous to those previously observed for Ca2+-bound protein. The hydrophobic cavity in the C-terminal domain of DREAM is solvent exposed in the presence of Pb2+ as determined using a hydrophobic probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (1,8-ANS). Pb2+ association with DREAM also modulates interactions between DREAM and its intracellular partners as evident from the fact that Pb2+-bound DREAM associates with peptide-based model systems, presenilin-1 helix-9 "PS1HL9" KV4.3(70-90) "site-2" and KV4.3(2-22) "site 1". Namely, dissociation constants for Pb2+-bound DREAM interaction with PS1HL9 ( Kd = 2.4 ± 0.1 μM), site-2 ( Kd = 11.0 ± 0.5 μM) and site 1 ( Kd = 5.0 ± 0.6 μM) are nearly identical to those observed for Ca2+ bound DREAM. Isothermal titration calorimetry data reveal that Pb2+ binds to two high-affinity sites in Ca2+ bound DREAM with the overall apparent constant of 4.81 ± 0.06 μM and its binding to Ca2+ bound DREAM is entropy-driven. Taking into account the structural and sequence similarity between DREAM and other neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins, these results strongly indicate that DREAM and possibly other NCS proteins bind Pb2+ with a higher affinity than that for Ca2+ and Pb2+ interactions with NCS proteins can contribute to Pb2+-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiol Azam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Williams RJ, Karpuzoglu E, Connell H, Hurley DJ, Holladay SD, Gogal RM. Lead alters intracellular protein signaling and suppresses pro-inflammatory activation in TLR4 and IFNR-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells, in vitro. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:279-298. [PMID: 30890031 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1591315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a persistent environmental pollutant that has a structure and charge similar to many ions, such as calcium, that are essential for normal cellular function. Pb may compete with calcium for protein binding sites and inhibit signaling pathways within the cell affecting many organ systems including the immune system. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the calcium/calmodulin pathway is a principal target of environmentally relevant Pb during pro-inflammatory activation in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with 5 μM Pb(NO3)2, LPS, rIFNγ, or LPS+rIFNγ for 12, 24, or 48 hr. Intracellular protein signaling and multiple functional endpoints were investigated to determine Pb-mediated effects on macrophage function. Western blot analysis revealed that Pb initially modulated nuclear localization of NFκB p65 and cytoplasmic phosphorylation of CaMKIV accompanied by increased phosphorylation of STAT1β at 24 hr. Macrophage proliferation was significantly decreased at 12 hr in the presence of Pb, while nitric oxide (NO) was significantly reduced at 12 and 24 hr. Cells cultured with Pb for 12, 24, or 48 hr exhibited altered cytokine levels after specific stimuli activation. Our findings are in agreement with previous reports suggesting that macrophage pro-inflammatory responses are significantly modulated by Pb. Further, Pb-induced phosphorylation of CaMKIV (pCaMKIV), observed in the present study, may be a contributing factor in metal-induced autophagy noted in our previous study with this same cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Williams
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - E Karpuzoglu
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - H Connell
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pharmacy South , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - D J Hurley
- c Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - S D Holladay
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - R M Gogal
- a Department of Veterinary Biosciences & Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Enhanced remedial effects for vitamin D3 and calcium co-supplementation against pre-existing lead nephrotoxicity in mice: The roles of renal calcium homeostatic molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:512-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Azam S, Louis GS, Miksovska J. Cadmium association with DREAM promotes DREAM interactions with intracellular partners in a similar manner to its physiological ligand, calcium. Metallomics 2019; 11:1115-1127. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cd2+exposure has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases and other pathologies, but the underlying mechanism through which it exerts toxic effects remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiol Azam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Gessica St Louis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Jaroslava Miksovska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University
- Miami
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Drobot B, Schmidt M, Mochizuki Y, Abe T, Okuwaki K, Brulfert F, Falke S, Samsonov SA, Komeiji Y, Betzel C, Stumpf T, Raff J, Tsushima S. Cm3+/Eu3+induced structural, mechanistic and functional implications for calmodulin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21213-21222. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03750k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent lanthanide and actinide can strongly bind to calmodulin (CaM). The global structure of Ln/An-bound CaM were found to be similar to Ca-CaM but the local environment around Ln/An is distorted giving less structural rigidity to Ln/An-CaM.
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Acharya S, Sharma AK. The Thermodynamic and Binding Studies of Hg+2 Ions with Egg Protein by Polarographic and pH Metric Techniques. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The binding of mercury (II) ion has been studied with egg protein at different pH values and temperatures by the polarographic technique. The binding data were found to be pH and temperature dependent. The intrinsic association constants (k) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated from Scatchard plots and found tobe at the maximum at lower pH and at lower temperatures. The free energy change (ΔG°) of the combining sites were least at the higher pH and highest at the low pH; therefore, a lower temperature and lower pH offered more sites in the protein molecule for interaction with mercury (II) ions. Statistical effects seem to be more significant at lower mercury (II) ion concentrations, while at higher concentrations electrostatic effects and heterogeneity of sites are more significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta Acharya
- Department of Chemistry , Government College , Kota, Rajasthan 324001 , India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Government P. G. College , Jhalawar, Rajasthan 326001 , India
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35
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Shtepliuk I, Santangelo MF, Vagin M, Ivanov IG, Khranovskyy V, Iakimov T, Eriksson J, Yakimova R. Understanding Graphene Response to Neutral and Charged Lead Species: Theory and Experiment. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11102059. [PMID: 30360390 PMCID: PMC6212856 DOI: 10.3390/ma11102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deep understanding of binding of toxic Lead (Pb) species on the surface of two-dimensional materials is a required prerequisite for the development of next-generation sensors that can provide fast and real-time detection of critically low concentrations. Here we report atomistic insights into the Lead behavior on epitaxial graphene (Gr) on silicon carbide substrates by thorough complementary study of voltammetry, electrical characterization, Raman spectroscopy, and Density Functional Theory (DFT). It is verified that the epitaxial graphene exhibits quasi-reversible anode reactions in aqueous solutions, providing a well-defined redox peak for Pb species and good linearity over a concentration range from 1 nM to 1 µM. The conductometric approach offers another way to investigate Lead adsorption, which is based on the formations of stable charge-transfer complexes affecting the p-type conductivity of epitaxial graphene. Our results suggest the adsorption ability of the epitaxial graphene towards divalent Lead ions is concentration-dependent and tends to saturate at higher concentrations. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for Pb adsorption, we performed DFT calculations and estimated the solvent-mediated interaction between Lead species in different oxidative forms and graphene. Our results provide central information regarding the energetics and structure of Pb-graphene interacting complexes that underlay the adsorption mechanisms of neutral and divalent Lead species. Such a holistic understanding favors design and synthesis of new sensitive materials for water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shtepliuk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
- Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, NASU, 142 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | - Mikhail Vagin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ivan G Ivanov
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Volodymyr Khranovskyy
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Tihomir Iakimov
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Rositsa Yakimova
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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Singh N, Kumar A, Gupta VK, Sharma B. Biochemical and Molecular Bases of Lead-Induced Toxicity in Mammalian Systems and Possible Mitigations. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1009-1021. [PMID: 30178661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of lead exposure on mammals are reported to be devastating. Lead is present in all the abiotic environmental components such as brass, dust, plumbing fixtures, soil, water, and lead mixed imported products. Its continuous use for several industrial and domestic purposes has caused a rise in its levels, thereby posing serious threats to human health. The mechanisms involved in lead-induced toxicity primarily include free-radical-mediated generation of oxidative stress which directly imbalances the prooxidants and the antioxidants in body. The toxicity of lead involves damage primarily to major biomolecules (lipid, protein, and nucleic acids) and liver (hepatotoxicity), nervous system (neurotoxicity), kidney (nephrotoxicity) and DNA (genotoxicity), present in animals and humans. The activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, or Akt and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways are important for lead cytotoxicity. Lead increased apoptosis through signaling cascade and associated factors and significantly impairs cell differentiation and maturation. In addition, lead has great impact on metabolic pathways such as heme synthesis, thereby leading to the onset of anemia in lead exposed people. This review encompasses an updated account of varied aspects of lead-induced oxidative stress and the biomolecular consequences such as perturbations in physiological processes, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, hormonal imbalance, loss of vision, and reduced fertility and their possible remediation through synthetic (chelators) and natural compounds (plant-based principles). This paper is primarily concerned with the biomedical implications of lead-induced generation of free radical and the toxicity management in the mammalian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Allahabad , Allahabad 211002 , India
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37
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Jia Q, Du G, Li Y, Wang Z, Xie J, Gu J, Yin G, Zhang S, Gao Y, Zhou F, Feng C, Fan G. Pb 2+ modulates ryanodine receptors from the endoplasmic reticulum in rat brain. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 338:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Kasten-Jolly J, Lawrence DA. The cationic (calcium and lead) and enzyme conundrum. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:400-413. [PMID: 30917763 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1592728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The environmental toxicant lead (Pb) and the essential element calcium (Ca) play an interactive role in extracellular and intracellular regulatory functions that affect health. Lead's usurping calcium binding sites, as well as its interactions with thiols and phosphates have been suggested to be the basis for adverse effects on many organ systems especially the nervous system. Among regulatory processes controlled by Ca are calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, calmodulin inhibitor sensitive potassium channels, and calmodulin-independent protein kinase C (PKC) activation. This review focused on Pb studies describing the modulation of PKC, which is also regulated by steroids. Steroid hormone regulation may relate to a focal point for the sex differences of Pb and cellular signaling events. Picomolar concentrations of Pb may stimulate partially purified PKC, but higher concentrations inhibit activity. Although knowledge exists regarding Pb and PKC isoforms, especially interaction of Pb with the purified enzyme, there are conflicting reports concerning metal-mediated activation or inhibition of PKC and downstream signaling events. The effect of Pb on PKC in vivo remains elusive. Most reports of Pb and PKC in whole animal and human studies indicated that Pb either inhibits PKC or exerts no significant effect. However, most of the animal studies were performed with males. Recent studies performed with females and males separately revealed that females and males respond to Pb quite differently, and for this reason, it is suggested that future Pb studies of PKC and other biomedical investigations be performed with females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kasten-Jolly
- a New York State Department of Health , Wadsworth Center , Albany , NY , USA
| | - David A Lawrence
- a New York State Department of Health , Wadsworth Center , Albany , NY , USA
- b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , University at Albany School of Public Health , Rensselaer , NY , USA
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Williams RJ, Holladay SD, Williams SM, Gogal RM. Environmental Lead and Wild Birds: A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 245:157-180. [PMID: 29038944 DOI: 10.1007/398_2017_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a persistent inorganic environmental pollutant that affects humans and animals worldwide. Avian species are especially susceptible to lead exposure through consumption of lead ammunition, lead fishing tackle, and other contaminated food sources such as aquatic species ingesting lead contaminated sediments in mining areas. Even with government regulations on the use of lead ammunition in many countries, including the United States, terrestrial, aquatic, predatory, and scavenger avian species are still at risk of exposure to potentially lethal concentrations of lead. The toxicities seen in these avian species include increased oxidative stress and decreased anti-oxidant enzymes in hepatic and renal tissue. The avian immune system is also a target of lead and displays a number of altered functions suggestive of immune suppression; however, studies in wildlife and laboratory species remain too limited for definitive statements with regard to population risk. In contrast, lead clearly inhibits reproductive capabilities in adult birds, and alters growth and development of hatchlings. Environmental remediation for lead removal, which would lower toxic exposure in wildlife, presently is a monumental and prohibitively expensive effort. Wildlife exposure will therefore continue in contaminated areas, necessitating development of new remediation practices. These plans should aim toward limiting more widespread or heavier contamination of wildlife habitats. This chapter reviews presently available information of lead toxicity in wild bird species, and suggests continued monitoring and reduction strategies to reduce lead exposure for at-risk avian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Williams
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imagining, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven D Holladay
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imagining, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Susan M Williams
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert M Gogal
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imagining, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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40
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Gorkhali R, Huang K, Kirberger M, Yang JJ. Defining potential roles of Pb(2+) in neurotoxicity from a calciomics approach. Metallomics 2017; 8:563-78. [PMID: 27108875 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions play crucial roles in numerous biological processes, facilitating biochemical reactions by binding to various proteins. An increasing body of evidence suggests that neurotoxicity associated with exposure to nonessential metals (e.g., Pb(2+)) involves disruption of synaptic activity, and these observed effects are associated with the ability of Pb(2+) to interfere with Zn(2+) and Ca(2+)-dependent functions. However, the molecular mechanism behind Pb(2+) toxicity remains a topic of debate. In this review, we first discuss potential neuronal Ca(2+) binding protein (CaBP) targets for Pb(2+) such as calmodulin (CaM), synaptotagmin, neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and family C of G-protein coupled receptors (cGPCRs), and their involvement in Ca(2+)-signalling pathways. We then compare metal binding properties between Ca(2+) and Pb(2+) to understand the structural implications of Pb(2+) binding to CaBPs. Statistical and biophysical studies (e.g., NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy) of Pb(2+) binding are discussed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind Pb(2+) toxicity. These studies identify an opportunistic, allosteric binding of Pb(2+) to CaM, which is distinct from ionic displacement. Together, these data suggest three potential modes of Pb(2+) activity related to molecular and/or neural toxicity: (i) Pb(2+) can occupy Ca(2+)-binding sites, inhibiting the activity of the protein by structural modulation, (ii) Pb(2+) can mimic Ca(2+) in the binding sites, falsely activating the protein and perturbing downstream activities, or (iii) Pb(2+) can bind outside of the Ca(2+)-binding sites, resulting in the allosteric modulation of the protein activity. Moreover, the data further suggest that even low concentrations of Pb(2+) can interfere at multiple points within the neuronal Ca(2+) signalling pathways to cause neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshya Gorkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Drug Design and Biotechnology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 3030, USA.
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Drug Design and Biotechnology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 3030, USA.
| | - Michael Kirberger
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Clayton State University, Morrow, GA 30260, USA.
| | - Jenny J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Drug Design and Biotechnology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 3030, USA.
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Characterization of mercury-binding proteins in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells with immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Talanta 2017; 178:811-817. [PMID: 29136899 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-binding proteins play important roles in biological functions of metals. However, only very limited mercury-binding proteins with high abundance were characterized in cells or organisms. Characterization of mercury-binding proteins in proteome-wide is important for elucidating mechanisms of mercury toxicity comprehensively. In this study, a method based on immobilized mercury ion affinity chromatography was developed for identification of putative mercury-binding proteins. The method was then successfully applied to profile mercury-binding proteins in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. In total, 38 proteins were identified as mercury-binding proteins, in which most of them were uncharacterized to associate with mercury in cells. The identified mercury-binding proteins did not show obvious relevance to protein abundance and were mainly involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, protein folding, and cytoskeleton organization. The newly built metalloproteomic approach provided valuable information on the possible molecular mechanisms and protein candidates for mercury transport and toxicity.
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Lead poisoning: acute exposure of the heart to lead ions promotes changes in cardiac function and Cav1.2 ion channels. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:807-825. [PMID: 28836190 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead ions (Pb2+) possess characteristics similar to Ca2+. Because of this and its redox capabilities, lead causes different toxic effects. The neurotoxic effects have been well documented; however, the toxic effects on cardiac tissues remain allusive. We utilized isolated guinea pig hearts and measured the effects of Pb2+ on their contractility and excitability. Acute exposure to extracellular Pb2+ had a negative inotropic effect and increased diastolic tension. The speed of contraction and relaxation were affected, though the effects were more dramatic on the speed of contraction. Excitability was also altered. Heart beat frequency increased and later diminished after lead ion exposure. Pro-arrhytmic events, such as early after-depolarization and a reduction of the action potential plateau, were also observed. In isolated cardiomyocytes and tsA 201 cells, extracellular lead blocked currents through Cav1.2 channels, diminished their activation, and enhanced their fast inactivation, negatively affecting their gating currents. Thus, Pb2+ was cardiotoxic and reduced cardiac contractility, making the heart prone to arrhythmias. This was due, in part, to Pb2+ effects on the Cav1.2 channels; however, other channels, transporters or pathways may also be involved. Acute cardiotoxic effects were observed at Pb2+ concentrations achievable during acute lead poisoning. The results suggest how Cav1.2 gating can be affected by divalent cations, such as Pb2, and also suggest a more thorough evaluation of heart function in individuals affected by lead poisoning.
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43
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Cangelosi V, Ruckthong L, Pecoraro VL. Lead(II) Binding in Natural and Artificial Proteins. Met Ions Life Sci 2017; 17:/books/9783110434330/9783110434330-010/9783110434330-010.xml. [PMID: 28731303 PMCID: PMC5771651 DOI: 10.1515/9783110434330-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article describes recent attempts to understand the biological chemistry of lead using a synthetic biology approach. Lead binds to a variety of different biomolecules ranging from enzymes to regulatory and signaling proteins to bone matrix. We have focused on the interactions of this element in thiolate-rich sites that are found in metalloregulatory proteins such as Pbr, Znt, and CadC and in enzymes such as δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD). In these proteins, Pb(II) is often found as a homoleptic and hemidirectic Pb(II)(SR)3- complex. Using first principles of biophysics, we have developed relatively short peptides that can associate into three-stranded coiled coils (3SCCs), in which a cysteine group is incorporated into the hydrophobic core to generate a (cysteine)3 binding site. We describe how lead may be sequestered into these sites, the characteristic spectral features may be observed for such systems and we provide crystallographic insight on metal binding. The Pb(II)(SR)3- that is revealed within these α-helical assemblies forms a trigonal pyramidal structure (having an endo orientation) with distinct conformations than are also found in natural proteins (having an exo conformation). This structural insight, combined with 207Pb NMR spectroscopy, suggests that while Pb(II) prefers hemidirected Pb(II)(SR)3- scaffolds regardless of the protein fold, the way this is achieved within α-helical systems is different than in β-sheet or loop regions of proteins. These interactions between metal coordination preference and protein structural preference undoubtedly are exploited in natural systems to allow for protein conformation changes that define function. Thus, using a design approach that separates the numerous factors that lead to stable natural proteins allows us to extract fundamental concepts on how metals behave in biological systems.
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Tang R, Ding C, Ma Y, Wang J, Zhang T, Wang X. Time-dependent responses of earthworms to soil contaminated with low levels of lead as detected using1H NMR metabolomics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1H NMR-based metabolomics was used to profile the time-dependent metabolic responses of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) that were exposed to low-Pb-contaminated-soil (L-Pb-CS) for 28 days using an indoor culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronggui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Taolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation
- Institute of Soil Science
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Nanjing
- People's Republic of China
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45
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Al-Musharafi SK. Heavy Metals in Sewage Treated Effluents: Pollution and Microbial Bioremediation from Arid Regions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Not all heavy metals are toxic. Some at lower concentrations are essential to the physiological status of the organism. Under certain conditions, induced toxicity occurs when the heavy metals are in the form of cations which tends to bind to certain biomolecules, thus becoming toxic to organisms. In many industries, toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, are released mainly in sewage effluents causing major environmental pollution. Several of the heavy metal contaminations resulted from industrial wastes, along with the mining and burning of fossil fuels, leading to water and soil contamination which causes serious health problems. Rapid population growth plus a steady increase in agriculture and industry are the main cause of environmental pollution. The most common sources of heavy metals are fuel combustion, mining, metallurgical industries, corrosion and waste disposal which infiltrates the soil and underground water. When present at certain levels in the human, metals can cause certain diseases. Most of conventional technologies are inefficient to remove heavy metal contaminants. Microbial bioremediation is a potential method for the removal of heavy metal pollution in sewage effluents before being discharged into the environment. However, further research is needed for isolation and identification of microbes resistant to heavy metals. Industrial regulatory standards must be established to regulate the spread of non-essential metals in the environment. The regulations must be rigidly enforced. The rest of the essential metals must also be regulated since an increase over the physiological limit can also be harmful.
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Pelc W, Pawlas N, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk S. Environmental and socioeconomic factors contributing to elevated blood lead levels in children from an industrial area of Upper Silesia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2597-2603. [PMID: 26990966 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study concentrated on a cross-sectional analysis of recent exposure to lead (Pb) and the socioeconomic factors behind increased Pb exposure in Polish children. Lead is one of the most widespread toxic heavy metals in the industrial region of Upper Silesia (Poland). Elevated blood Pb levels in children continue to be a matter of serious concern. The present study involved 4882 children from the Upper Silesia region, aged from 3 yr to 18 yr, over the calendar years 1999 to 2013. The concentration of Pb in blood was determined in each child. The children's parents were asked to answer survey questions about the child's environmental exposure to Pb as well as the socioeconomic condition of the family. Factors that correspond with increased exposure to Pb included: lower level of education of parents, unemployment, parents' occupational Pb exposure, poor socioeconomic status of the family, smoking at home, living on the ground floor of buildings, consumption of locally grown vegetables and fruits, longer outdoor playing periods in a polluted environment, and male gender. Environmental exposure to Pb is the most important factor behind chronic poisoning of children in Upper Silesia. The most important socioeconomic factor associated with concentrations of Pb in children's blood is a lower level of education of a child's mother and father. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2597-2603. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pelc
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Michał Dobrakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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47
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St-Pierre J, Fraser M, Vaillancourt C. Inhibition of placental 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by lead. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:133-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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Dörpinghaus M, Brieger A, Panichkina O, Rink L, Haase H. Lead ions abrogate lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric monoxide toxicity by reducing the expression of STAT1 and iNOS. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 37:117-124. [PMID: 27134082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a widespread environmental pollutant and the highly poisonous metal compromises multiple organs in the body. Among other tissues and cells, lead ions (Pb(2+)) can affect macrophages and microglia cells. The present study observed a concentration-dependent protection of BV-2 microglia and RAW 264.7 macrophages by Pb(2+) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced toxicity. Both cell lines are potent producers of two substances that have previously been shown to mediate cytotoxic effects of LPS. These are the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric monoxide (NO), which creates nitrosative stress, hampering the distribution of invading pathogens and tumor cells. While the expression of TNF-α was unaffected by Pb(2+), the production of NO was significantly inhibited. Moreover, blocking NO synthesis by low molecular weight inhibitors prevented LPS-mediated toxicity, confirming the role of NO in these events. Pb(2+) exposure led to a downregulation of LPS-induced expression of the transcription factor STAT1, which is involved in iNOS transcription. Moreover, iNOS mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the presence of Pb(2+), explaining the reduced formation of NO and a subsequent increase of cellular viability in vitro. In vivo, the effect might limit collateral damage caused by excessive NO production, but also impair the efficiency of NO as a central mediator of the defense against various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dörpinghaus
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Brieger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olga Panichkina
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany.
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49
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Li S, Liu XL, Zhou XL, Jiang SJ, Yuan H. Expression of calmodulin-related genes in lead-exposed mice. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 8:155-8. [PMID: 27486376 PMCID: PMC4961913 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic metal lead is a widespread environmental polutant that can adversely affect human health. However, the underlying mechanisms of lead-induced toxicity are still largely unknown. The mechanism of lead toxicity was presumed to involve cross reaction between Pb2+ and Ca2+ with calmodulin dependent systems. The aim of the present study was thus to identify differential expression of calmodulin-related genes in the spleen of lead-exposed mice. We performed microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. RNAs from spleen tissue of lead exposed animals (n=6) and controls (n=6) were converted to labeled cRNA and hybridized to Illumina mouse WG-6_v2_Bead Chip. Expression profiles were analyzed using Illumina BeadStudio Application. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted to validate the microarray data. By microarray analysis 5 calmodulin-related genes (MAP2K6, CAMKK2, CXCR4, PHKA2, MYLK) were found to be differently expressed in lead exposed compared with control mice (p<0.05). The results of Real-time RT-PCR showed that MAP2K6 and CAMKK2 were up-regulated and CXCR4 was down-regulated in lead exposure, but there were no significant differences in PHKA2 and MYLK expression between the lead exposed and control group. These results show that lead exposure produced significant changes in expression of a variety of genes in the spleen and can affect calmodulin-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Li
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, No16, Xue Lin street, Xia Sha, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, No16, Xue Lin street, Xia Sha, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xie-Lai Zhou
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, No16, Xue Lin street, Xia Sha, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Su-Jun Jiang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, No16, Xue Lin street, Xia Sha, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, No16, Xue Lin street, Xia Sha, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
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50
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Rick J, Tsai MC, Hwang BJ. Biosensors Incorporating Bimetallic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 6:E5. [PMID: 28344262 PMCID: PMC5302532 DOI: 10.3390/nano6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a review of electrochemical bio-sensing for target analytes based on the use of electrocatalytic bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), which can improve both the sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors. The review moves quickly from an introduction to the field of bio-sensing, to the importance of biosensors in today's society, the nature of the electrochemical methods employed and the attendant problems encountered. The role of electrocatalysts is introduced with reference to the three generations of biosensors. The contributions made by previous workers using bimetallic constructs, grouped by target analyte, are then examined in detail; following which, the synthesis and characterization of the catalytic particles is examined prior to a summary of the current state of endeavor. Finally, some perspectives for the future of bimetallic NPs in biosensors are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rick
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Bing Joe Hwang
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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