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Das U, Basu U, Paira P. Recent trends in the design and delivery strategies of ruthenium complexes for breast cancer therapy. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39219354 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As the most frequent and deadly type of cancer in women, breast cancer has a high propensity to spread to the brain, bones, lymph nodes, and lungs. The discovery of cisplatin marked the beginning of the development of anticancer metal-based medications, although the drug's severe side effects have limited its usage in clinical settings. The remarkable antimetastatic and anticancer activity of different ruthenium complexes such as NAMI-A, KP1019, KP1339, etc. reported in the 1980s has bolstered the discovery of ruthenium complexes with various types of ligands for anticancer applications. The review meticulously elucidates the cytotoxic and antimetastatic potential of reported ruthenium complexes against breast cancer cells. Notably, arene-based and cyclometalated ruthenium complexes emerge as standout candidates, showcasing remarkable potency with notably low IC50 values. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic avenues offered by ruthenium-based compounds, particularly in addressing the challenges posed by conventional treatments in refractory or aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Moreover, the review comprehensively integrates a spectrum of ruthenium complexes, spanning traditional metal complexes to nano-based formulations and light-activated variants, underscoring the versatility and adaptability of ruthenium chemistry in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Uttara Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Goa - 403726, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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2
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Roy N, Paira P. Glutathione Depletion and Stalwart Anticancer Activity of Metallotherapeutics Inducing Programmed Cell Death: Opening a New Window for Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20670-20701. [PMID: 38764686 PMCID: PMC11097382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cellular defense system against exogenous substances makes therapeutics inefficient as intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or other free radicals produced by the therapeutics. In the cancer cell microenvironment, the intracellular GSH level becomes exceptionally high to fight against oxidative stress created by the production of ROS/RNS or any free radicals, which are the byproducts of intracellular redox reactions or cellular respiration processes. Thus, in order to maintain redox homeostasis for survival of cancer cells and their rapid proliferation, the GSH level starts to escalate. In this circumstance, the administration of anticancer therapeutics is in vain, as the elevated GSH level reduces their potential by reduction or by scavenging the ROS/RNS they produce. Therefore, in order to augment the therapeutic potential of anticancer agents against elevated GSH condition, the GSH level must be depleted by hook or by crook. Hence, this Review aims to compile precisely the role of GSH in cancer cells, the importance of its depletion for cancer therapy and examples of anticancer activity of a few selected metal complexes which are able to trigger cancer cell death by depleting the GSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
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3
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Zhong J, Tang Y. Research progress on the role of reactive oxygen species in the initiation, development and treatment of breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:1-18. [PMID: 38387519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
According to international cancer data, breast cancer (BC) is the leading type of cancer in women. Although significant progress has been made in treating BC, metastasis and drug resistance continue to be the primary causes of mortality for many patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in vivo: normal levels can maintain the body's normal physiological function; however, high levels of ROS below the toxicity threshold can lead to mtDNA damage, activation of proto-oncogenes, and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, which are important causes of BC. Differences in the production and regulation of ROS in different BC subtypes have important implications for the development and treatment of BC. ROS can also serve as an important intracellular signal transduction factor by affecting the antioxidant system, activating MAPK and PI3K/AKT, and other signal pathways to regulate cell cycle and change the relationship between cells and the activity of metalloproteinases, which significantly impacts the metastasis of BC. Hypoxia in the BC microenvironment increases ROS production levels, thereby inducing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and forming "ROS- HIF-1α-ROS" cycle that exacerbates BC development. Many anti-BC therapies generate sufficient toxic ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis, but because the basal level of ROS in BC cells exceeds that of normal cells, this leads to up-regulation of the antioxidant system, drug efflux, and apoptosis inhibition, rendering BC cells resistant to the drug. ROS crosstalks with tumor vessels and stromal cells in the microenvironment, increasing invasiveness and drug resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China.
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Li X, Chen Y, Xie X, Li J, Wang J, Liu H. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Tandem γ-C(sp 2)-H Arylation and Cyclization for the Construction of Natural Product-Like Polycyclic Fused ortho-Quinone Scaffolds. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38607815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel strategy for the direct construction of polycyclic fused ortho-quinone scaffolds through palladium(II)-catalyzed tandem γ-C(sp2)-H arylation and cyclization of arylglyoxals with aryl iodides. This transformation features unique tandem transient directing of γ-C(sp2)-H arylation and cyclization reaction mode, broad substrate scope, especially for the aromatic substrates containing oxygen and sulfur atoms, and avoiding the common issue of aromatization due to the construction of the hexatomic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Bresciani G, Vančo J, Funaioli T, Zacchini S, Malina T, Pampaloni G, Dvořák Z, Trávníček Z, Marchetti F. Anticancer Potential of Diruthenium Complexes with Bridging Hydrocarbyl Ligands from Bioactive Alkynols. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15875-15890. [PMID: 37713240 PMCID: PMC10548421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Diruthenacyclopentenone complexes of the general composition [Ru2Cp2(CO)2{μ-η1:η3-CH═C(C(OH)(R))C(═O)}] (2a-c; Cp = η5-C5H5) were synthesized in 94-96% yields from the reactions of [Ru2Cp2(CO)2{μ-η1:η3-C(Ph)═C(Ph)C(═O)}] (1) with 1-ethynylcyclopentanol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, and 17-ethynyltestosterone, respectively, in toluene at reflux. Protonation of 2a-c by HBF4 afforded the corresponding allenyl derivatives [Ru2Cp2(CO)3{μ-η1:η2-CH═C═R}]BF4 (3a-c) in 85-93% yields. All products were thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR, UV-vis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, 2a and 3a were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, and the single-crystal diffraction method was employed to establish the X-ray structures of 2b and 3a. The cytotoxicity in vitro of 2b and 3a-c was evaluated against nine human cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780R, MCF-7, HOS, A549, PANC-1, Caco-2, PC-3, and HeLa), while the selectivity was assessed on normal human lung fibroblast (MRC-5). Overall, complexes exert stronger cytotoxicity than cisplatin, and 3b (comprising 17α-estradiol derived ligand) emerged as the best-performing complex. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry cellular uptake studies in A2780 cells revealed a higher level of internalization for 3b and 3c compared to 2b, 3a, and the reference compound RAPTA-C. Experiments conducted on A2780 cells demonstrated a noteworthy impact of 3a and 3b on the cell cycle, leading to the majority of the cells being arrested in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, 3a moderately induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, while 3b triggered autophagy and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica
Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi
13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ján Vančo
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica
Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi
13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University
of Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale
“Toso Montanari”, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tomáš Malina
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica
Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi
13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department
of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779
00 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology
and Research Institute, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica
Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi
13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Chen Y, Ke Z, Yuan L, Liang M, Zhang S. Hydrazylpyridine salicylaldehyde-copper(II)-1,10-phenanthroline complexes as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, characterization and anticancer evaluation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12318-12331. [PMID: 37591821 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized and analyzed nine unique copper(II) hydrazylpyridine salicylaldehyde and 1,10-phenanthroline complexes, [Cu(L1a)(phen)] (Cugdupt1), [Cu(L2a)(phen)]·(CH3CN) (Cugdupt2), [Cu(L3a)(phen)] (Cugdupt3), [Cu(L4a)(phen)]·(CH3CN) (Cugdupt4), [Cu(L5a)(phen)] (Cugdupt5), [Cu(L6a)(phen)] (Cugdupt6), [Cu(L7a)(phen)] (Cugdupt7) [Cu(L8a)(phen)] (Cugdupt8) and [Cu(L9a)(phen)]·0.5(H2O) (Cugdupt9). We were motivated by the intriguing properties of the coupled ligands of hydrazylpyridine, salicylaldehyde, and 1,10-phenanthroline. The MTT assay demonstrated that Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9 have higher anticancer activity than L1H2-L9H2, phen and cisplatin on A549/DDP cancer cells (A549cis). Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9 were superior to cisplatin with IC50 values of 1.6-100.0 fold on A549cis cells (IC50(Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9) = 0.5-30.5 μM, IC50(cisplatin) = 61.5 ± 1.0 μM). However, Cugdupt1-Cugdupt9 had lower cytotoxicity toward the HL-7702 normal cells. Cugdupt1 and Cugdupt8 can induce reduction of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/IV (MRCC-I/IV), mitophagy pathways, and eventually protein regulation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion in A549cis cells. The findings indicated that Cugdupt1 and Cugdupt8 caused cell death via both ATP diminution and mitophagy pathways. Finally, Cugdupt8 demonstrated high efficacy and no obvious cytotoxicity in A549 tumor-bearing mice. This study thus helps evaluate the potential of the hydrazylpyridine salicylaldehyde-copper(II)-1,10-phenanthroline compounds for cisplatin-resistant tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Ke
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Meixiang Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P. R. China
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Chen Y, Li W, Yang Y, Zhong R, Hu H, Huang C, Chen J, Liang L, Liu Y. Significant increase of anticancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo of liposome entrapped ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115541. [PMID: 37295162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(DIP)2(BIP)](PF6)2 (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolie, BIP = 2-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, Ru1) and [Ru(DIP)2(CBIP)](PF6)2 (CBIP = 2-(4'-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, Ru2) were synthesized. The cytotoxic activities in vitro of Ru1, Ru2 toward B16, A549, HepG2, SGC-7901, HeLa, BEL-7402, non-cancer LO2 were investigated using MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole)-2,5-diphenltetraazolium bromide). Unexpectedly, Ru1, Ru2 can't prevent these cancer cells proliferation. To improve the anti-cancer effect, we used liposomes to entrap the complexes Ru1, Ru2 to form Ru1lipo, Ru2lipo. As expectation, Ru1lipo and Ru2lipo exhibit high anti-cancer efficacy, especially, Ru1lipo (IC50 3.4 ± 0.1 μM), Ru2lipo (IC50 3.5 ± 0.1 μM) display strong ability to block the cell proliferation in SGC-7901. The cell colony, wound healing, and cell cycle distribution show that the complexes can validly inhibit the cell growth at G2/M phase. Apoptotic studied with Annex V/PI doubling method showed that Ru1lipo and Ru2lipo can effectively induce apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, glutathione and GPX4 demonstrate that Ru1lipo and Ru2lipo improve ROS and malondialdehyde levels, inhibit generation of glutathione, and finally result in a ferroptosis. Ru1lipo and Ru2lipo interact on the lysosomes and mitochondria and damage mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, Ru1lipo and Ru2lipo increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration and induce autophagy. The RNA-sequence and molecular docking were performed, the expression of Bcl-2 family was investigated by Western blot analysis. Antitumor in vivo experiments confirm that 1.23 mg/kg, 2.46 mg/kg of Ru1lipo possesses a high inhibitory rate of 53.53% and 72.90% to prevent tumor growth, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) results show that Ru1lipo doesn't cause chronic organ damage and strongly promotes the necrosis of solid tumor. Taken together, we conclude that Ru1lipo and Ru2lipo cause cell death through the following pathways: autophagy, ferroptosis, ROS-regulated mitochondrial dysfunction, and blocking the PI3K/AKT/mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenlong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317, PR China.
| | - Ruitong Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Atom engineering-regulated in situ transition of Cu(I)-Cu(II) for efficient overcoming cancer drug resistance. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Zhou Z, Du LQ, Huang XM, Zhu LG, Wei QC, Qin QP, Bian H. Novel glycosylation zinc(II)-cryptolepine complexes perturb mitophagy pathways and trigger cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy in SK-OV-3/DDP cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114743. [PMID: 36116236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of shedding some light on the mechanism of action of zinc(II) complexes in antiproliferative processes and molecular signaling pathways, three novel glycosylated zinc(II)-cryptolepine complexes, i.e., [Zn(QA1)Cl2] (Zn(QA1)), [Zn(QA2)Cl2] (Zn(QA2)), and [Zn(QA3)Cl2] (Zn(QA3)), were prepared by conjugating a glucose moiety with cryptolepine, followed by complexation of the resulting glycosylated cryptolepine compounds N-((1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolin-11-amine (QA1), 2-(4-((benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolin-11-ylamino)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (QA2), and (2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-(4-((benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolin-11-ylamino)-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (QA3) with zinc(II), and their anticancer activity was evaluated. In MTT assays, Zn(QA1)-Zn(QA3) were more active against cisplatin-resistant ovarian SK-OV-3/DDP cancer cells (SK-OV-3cis) than ZnCl2 and the QA1-QA3 ligands, with IC50 values of 1.81 ± 0.50, 2.92 ± 0.32, and 1.01 ± 0.11 μM, respectively. Complexation of glycosylated cryptolepine QA3 with zinc(II) increased the antiproliferative activity of the ligand, suggesting that Zn(QA3) could act as a chaperone to deliver the active ligand intracellularly, in contrast with other cryptolepine metal complexes previously reported. In vivo and in vitro investigations suggested that Zn(QA3) exhibited enhanced anticancer activity with treatment effects comparable to those of the clinical drug cisplatin. Furthermore, Zn(QA1)-Zn(QA3) triggered SK-OV-3cis cell apoptosis through mitophagy pathways in the order Zn(QA1) > Zn(QA1) > Zn(QA2). These results demonstrate the potential of glycosylated zinc(II)-cryptolepine complexes for the development of chemotherapy drugs against cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3cis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities (Guangxi Minzu University), Nanning, 530006, China; Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Ling-Qi Du
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Li-Gang Zhu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China.
| | - Qiao-Chang Wei
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Hedong Bian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities (Guangxi Minzu University), Nanning, 530006, China.
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10
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Zhang SH, Wang ZF, Tan H. Novel zinc(II)−curcumin molecular probes bearing berberine and jatrorrhizine derivatives as potential mitochondria-targeting anti-neoplastic drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Markova L, Novohradsky V, Kasparkova J, Ruiz J, Brabec V. Dipyridophenazine iridium(III) complex as a phototoxic cancer stem cell selective, mitochondria targeting agent. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109955. [PMID: 35447138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of a photoactivatable Ir(III) compound of the type [Ir(CˆN)2(dppz)][PF6] where CˆN = 1-methyl-2-(2'-thienyl)benzimidazole (complex 1) was investigated. Complex 1 photoactivated by visible light shows potent activity against highly aggressive and poorly treatable Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, the most frequent soft tissue sarcomas of children. This remarkable activity of 1 was observed not only in RD cells cultured in 2D monolayers but, more importantly, also in 3D spheroids, which resemble in many aspects solid tumors and serve as a promising model to mimic the in vivo situation. Importantly, photoactivated 1 kills not only differentiated RD cells but also even more effectively cancer stem cells (CSCs) of RD. One of the factors responsible for the activity of irradiated 1 in RD CSCs is its ability to produce ROS in these cells more effectively than in differentiated RD cells. Moreover, photoactivated 1 caused in RD differentiated cells and CSCs a significant decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores in these cells, a mechanism that has never been demonstrated for any other metal-based anticancer complex. The results of this work give evidence that 1 has a potential for further evaluation using in vivo models as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for photodynamic therapy of hardly treatable human Rhabdomyosarcoma, particularly for its activity in both stem and differentiated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Jose Ruiz
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio- Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic.
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Novel bifluorescent Zn(II)–cryptolepine–cyclen complexes trigger apoptosis induced by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in cisplatin-resistant lung tumor cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chen Q, Li N, Wang X, Yang Y, Xiang Y, Long X, Zhang J, Huang J, Chen L, Huang Q. Mitochondria-Targeting Chemodynamic Therapy Nanodrugs for Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847048. [PMID: 35222052 PMCID: PMC8866723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, as one of the most critical subcellular organelles of cancer cells, are very vulnerable and often on the verge of oxidative stress. The classic chemodynamic therapy (CDT) directly employs endogenous chemical energy to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and destroy tumor cells. However, the effectiveness of CDT is restricted by the limited diffusion distance and short half-life of ROS. From this perspective, the treatment method (mitochondria-targeting chemodynamic therapy nanodrugs, M-CDT nanodrugs) that can generate high levels of ROS at the mitochondrial site is extremely efficient and promising for cancer treatment. Currently, many emerging M-CDT nanodrugs have been demonstrated excellent spatial specificity and anti-cancer efficacy. In this minireview, we review various proof-of-concept researches based on different M-CDT nanodrugs designs to overcome the limits of the efficacy of CDT, mainly divided into four strategies: supplying H2O2, non-H2O2 dependent CDT, eliminating GSH and enhancing by hyperthermia therapy (HT). These well-designed M-CDT nanodrugs greatly increase the efficacy of CDT. Finally, the progress and potential of M-CDT nanodrugs are discussed, as well as their limitations and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Niansheng Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Long
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Benniston AC, Zeng L. Recent Advances in Photorelease Complexes for Therapeutic Applications”. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4202-4212. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00254j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photorelease complexes represent a class of agents for which UV-visible light triggers the expulsion of a specfic molecule that is intrinsically part of the inner coordination sphere or held in...
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Jiang GB, Zhang WY, He M, Gu YY, Bai L, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Du F. Systematic evaluation of the antitumor activity of three ruthenium polypyridyl complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111616. [PMID: 34555601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-containing complexes have emerged as good alternative to the currently used platinum-containing drugs for malignant tumor therapy. In this work, cytotoxic effects of recently synthesized ruthenium polypyridyl complexes [Ru(bpy)2(CFPIP)](ClO4)2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, CFPIP = (E)-2-(4-fluorostyryl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, Ru(II)-1), [Ru(phen)2(CFPIP)](ClO4)2 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(II)-2) and [Ru(dmb)2(CFPIP)](ClO4)2 (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Ru(II)-3) toward different tumor cells were investigated in vitro and compared with cisplatin, the most widely used chemotherapeutic drug against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2). The results demonstrate that target complexes show excellent cytotoxicity against HepG-2 cells with low IC50 value of 21.4 ± 1.5, 18.0 ± 2.1 and 22.3 ± 1.7 μM, respectively. It was important noting that target Ru(II) complexes exhibited better antitumor activity than cisplatin (IC50 = 28.5 ± 2.4 μM) against HepG-2 cells, and has no obvious toxicity to normal cell LO2. DNA binding results suggest that Ru(II)-1, Ru(II)-2 and Ru(II)-3 interact with CT DNA (calf thymus DNA) through intercalative mode. Complexes exerted its antitumor activity through increasing anti-migration and inducing cell cycle arrest at the S phase. In addition, the apoptosis was tested by AO (acridine orange)/EB (ethidium bromide) staining and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and colocalization tests were also evaluated by ImageXpress Micro XLS system. Overall, the results show that the ruthenium polypyridyl complexes induce apoptosis in HepG-2 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondria dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Chen BC, Lu JJ, Jiang N, Ma XR, Li RT, Ye RR. Synthesis, characterization and antitumor mechanism investigation of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with artesunate moiety. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:909-918. [PMID: 34545414 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Six artesunate (ART) conjugated ruthenium(II) complexes (Ru(II)-ART conjugates) with the formula [Ru(N^N)2bpy(4-CH3-4'-CH2OART)](PF6)2 (Ru-ART-1-3) and [Ru(N^N)2bpy(4-CH2OART-4'-CH2OART)](PF6)2 (Ru-ART-4-6) (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in Ru-ART-1 and Ru-ART-4), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru-ART-2 and Ru-ART-5) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6)), were synthesized and characterized. Among them, Ru-ART-1-3 and Ru-ART-4-6 carry one and two ART moieties, respectively. Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6 exhibit better cytotoxicity among six Ru(II)-ART conjugates. These two complexes can be effectively taken up by human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. In addition, they selectively kill cancer cell lines while mildly affect normal cells. Mechanism studies have shown that HeLa cells treated with Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6 show typical apoptotic characteristics (morphology changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase cascade, etc.). On the other hand, the up regulation of Beclin-1 and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II note the appearance of autophagy. As a result, Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6 induce autophagy-dependent cell apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In this work, six artesunate (ART) conjugated ruthenium(II) complexes (Ru(II)-ART conjugates) have been synthesized and characterized. Among them, Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6 exhibit better cytotoxicity. Mechanism studies have shown that HeLa cells treated with Ru-ART-3 and Ru-ART-6 show typical apoptotic characteristics (morphology changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase cascade, etc.). On the other hand, the up regulation of Beclin-1 and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II note the appearance of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Chun Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Xiong K, Zhou Y, Karges J, Du K, Shen J, Lin M, Wei F, Kou J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis Induced by Apoferritin-Cu(II) Nanoparticles in Multidrug-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38959-38968. [PMID: 34379404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy continues to be the most commonly applied strategy for cancer. Despite the impressive clinical success obtained with several drugs, increasing numbers of (multi)drug-resistant tumors are reported. To overcome this shortcoming, novel drug candidates and delivery systems are urgently needed. Herein, a therapeutic copper polypyridine complex encapsulated in natural nanocarrier apoferritin is reported. The generated nanoparticles showed higher cytotoxicity toward various (drug-resistant) cancer cell lines than noncancerous cells. The study of the mechanism revealed that the compound triggers cell autophagy-dependent apoptosis. Promisingly, upon injection of the nanodrug conjugate into the bloodstream of a mouse model bearing a multidrug-resistant colon tumor, a strong tumor growth inhibition effect was observed. To date, this is the first study describing the encapsulation of a copper complex in apoferritin that acts by autophagy-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kejie Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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