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Tian H, Liu SQ, Jing WH, Hao ZH, Li YH, Lu ZH, Ding ZK, Huang SL, Xu YS, Wang HB. Imaginal disc growth factor is involved in melanin synthesis and energy metabolism in Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21995. [PMID: 36575612 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 18 family, plays an important role in various physiological processes in insects. However, the detail physiological function of IDGF is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome analysis was performed on the fatbody isolated from staged control and BmIDGF mutant silkworm larvae. Transcriptional profiling revealed that the absence of BmIDGF significantly affected differentially expressed genes involved in tyrosine and purine metabolism, as well as multiple energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, galactose, starch, and sucrose metabolism. The interruption of BmIDGF caused similar and specific gene expression changes to male and female fatbody. Furthermore, a genome-scale metabolic network integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets revealed 11 pathways significantly altered at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, including amino acid, carbohydrate, uric acid metabolism pathways, insect hormone biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. In conclusion, this multiomics analysis suggests that IDGF is involved in gene-metabolism interactions, revealing its unique role in melanin synthesis and energy metabolism. This study provides new insights into the physiological function of IDGF in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tian
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Liu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Jing
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Hao
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Lu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Kai Ding
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Li Huang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Song Xu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Kawasaki H, Shahin R, Fujimoto S. Proliferative and preparative cell divisions in wing discs of the last larval instar are regulated by different hormones and determine the size and differentiation of the wing of Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 145:104476. [PMID: 36623750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Through investigating the two different enhanced cell division stages, we tried to clarify the switch from the growth to differentiation in the wing disc of the last larval instar of Bombyx mori. The response to insulin and 20E in vitro was stage specific. Bmmyc expression in V1 wing discs showed differences after being cultured with and without insulin. Bmmyc expression in V5 wing discs also showed differences after being cultured with and without 20E. Cell cycle-related genes, BmE2F1 and BmcycE, were upregulated with insulin or 20E in cultured wing discs of V1 or V5, respectively. Bmwnt1 and Bmras1 showed upregulation with 20E in cultured wing discs. Bmwnt1 showed upregulation with insulin in cultured wing discs, but Bmras1 did not show clear upregulation with insulin treatment. In contrast, Bmdpp showed upregulation with insulin, but did not show clear upregulation with 20E. The addition of PI3K or TOR inhibitors inhibited the upregulation of Bmmyc expression that was upregulated with insulin or 20E. The upregulation of Bmmyc and Bmwnt1 with insulin or 20E was inhibited with the addition of Myc or Wnt inhibitors, respectively. Genes related to matrix metalloprotease showed upregulation with 20E, and the upregulation was inhibited by the addition of Myc or Wnt inhibitors. From the present results, we concluded that cell division during the feeding stage occurred through PI3K/TOR cascade, and that at the wandering stage occurred through ecdysone and PI3K/TOR cascade; the former is for growth and the latter for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kawasaki
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan; Facultyof Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350, Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Rima Shahin
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Shota Fujimoto
- Department of Bioproductive Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 37-1 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
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3
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Gao Y, Liu YC, Jia SZ, Liang YT, Tang Y, Xu YS, Kawasaki H, Wang HB. Imaginal disc growth factor maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008980. [PMID: 32986708 PMCID: PMC7544146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex stripes and patterns of insects play key roles in behavior and ecology. However, the fine-scale regulation mechanisms underlying pigment formation and morphological divergence remain largely unelucidated. Here we demonstrated that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori. Moreover, our knockout experiments showed that IDGF is suggested to impact the expression levels of the ecdysone inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further control the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that BmIDGF significantly affected critical metabolites involved in phenylalanine, beta-alanine, purine, and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Our findings highlighted not only the universal function of IDGF to the maintenance of normal cuticle structure but also an underexplored space in the gene function affecting melanin formation. Therefore, this study furthers our understanding of insect pigment metabolism and melanin pattern polymorphisms. The diverse stripe patterns of animals are usually used for warning or camouflage. However, the actual mechanisms underlying diverse stripe pattern formation remains largely unknown. This study provides direct evidence that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation. Our exhaustive knockout experiments reveal that BmIDGF is involved in the melanin pigmentation of Bombyx mori. We demonstrate that IDGF impacts the expression levels of the 20E-inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further affect the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolome of BmIDGF gene deletion connects metabolism to gene function. Thus, this study shed light on not only the unique function of IDGF but also the molecular mechanism of spot pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Ze Jia
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ting Liang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Song Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hideki Kawasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Gu X, Su Y, Liu L. Imaginal Disc Growth Factor 6 (Idgf6) Is Involved in Larval and Adult Wing Development in Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Front Genet 2020; 11:451. [PMID: 32435262 PMCID: PMC7218075 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, imaginal disk growth factors (IDGFs), an important component of the glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) family of chitinases, have been reported to be associated with the maintenance of the cuticle and molting. However, there is little knowledge of their function. In this study, imaginal disk growth factor 6 (Idgf6), which is an Idgf, was first identified and cloned from the guava fruit fly Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), one of the most serious pest insects in South China and surrounding Southeast Asian countries. This gene encodes IDGF6 protein with a conserved domain similar to ChiA chitinases, the glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) family of chitinases, according to NCBI BLAST. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Idgf6s were highly conserved among similar species. Subsequent temporal expression profiling revealed that Idgf6 was highly expressed in both the late-pupal and mid-adult stages, suggesting that this gene plays a predominant role in pupal and adult development. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments against Idgf6 in B. correcta, which led to the specific decrease in Idgf6 expression, resulted in larval death as well as adult wing malformation. The direct effects of Idgf6 silencing on B. correcta indicated its important role in development, and Idgf6 might be further exploited as a novel insecticide target in the context of pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zurovcova M, Benes V, Zurovec M, Kucerova L. Expansion of Imaginal Disc Growth Factor Gene Family in Diptera Reflects the Evolution of Novel Functions. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100365. [PMID: 31635152 PMCID: PMC6835396 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaginal disc growth factors (IDGFs) are a small protein family found in insects. They are related to chitinases and implicated in multiple functions, including cell growth stimulation, antimicrobial activity, insect hemolymph clotting, and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. A number of new IDGFs have been found in several insect species and their detailed phylogenetic analysis provides a good basis for further functional studies. To achieve this goal, we sequenced Idgf cDNAs from several lepidopteran and trichopteran species and supplemented our data with sequences retrieved from public databases. A comparison of Idgf genes in different species showed that Diptera typically contain several Idgf paralogs with a simple exon-intron structure (2–3 exons), whereas lepidopteran Idgfs appear as a single copy per genome and contain a higher number of exons (around 9). Our results show that, while lepidopteran Idgfs, having single orthologs, are characterized by low divergence and stronger purifying selection over most of the molecule, the duplicated Idgf genes in Diptera, Idgf1 and Idgf4, exhibit signs of positive selection. This characterization of IDGF evolution provides, to our knowledge, the first information on the changes that formed these important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zurovcova
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Core Facilities and Services, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Kucerova
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Lamberti C, Gai F, Cirrincione S, Giribaldi M, Purrotti M, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Sicuro B, Saviane A, Cappellozza S, Giuffrida MG, Cavallarin L. Investigation of the protein profile of silkworm ( Bombyx mori) pupae reared on a well-calibrated artificial diet compared to mulberry leaf diet. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6723. [PMID: 31223520 PMCID: PMC6571003 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silkworm pupae is the main by-product of the sericulture industry with an interesting nutritional profile, especially in terms of proteins. In consideration of its possible use as a food or food ingredient in Western countries, a comparative proteomic experiment has been performed to investigate the differences of the protein profile of male and female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves or on an artificial diet. Methods The nutritional profile of lyophilized silkworm pupae in terms of dry matter and ash was evaluated according to the AOAC procedures, the total nitrogen content was determined by a nitrogen analyzer and the silkworm pupae gross energy value was measured using an adiabatic calorimetric bomb. The comparative proteomic analysis was performed on male and female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves or on the artificial diet. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and, after a multivariate statistical analysis, the differentially expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Results The comparative proteomic approach highlighted 47 silkworm pupae proteins differentially expressed comparing diet and gender. PCA analysis showed that seven proteins were more effective in discriminating the sex and five were more effective in discriminating the diet type. In spite of the above-mentioned differences in the silkworm pupae protein profile, no strong alteration of the pupa physiological traits have been demonstrated, suggesting a general silkworm pupae flexibility to adapt to a well-balanced artificial diet. Differences in lipid transport and metabolism were found among the experimental groups, that might have a relevant effect on the timing and on hormone secretion. This aspect may also affect silk production, as univoltine strains are the most productive. The proteomic data provided in this work, may offer a contribution in understanding also the influence of gender and farming strategy on the allergen profile of Bombyx mori, when used as food or as a food ingredient. Female silkworm pupae reared on mulberry leaves seemed to contain lower levels of known allergens than those reared in the other experimental conditions; these findings will have to be taken into account when farming B. mori for food production purposes. However, our results need to be supported by further characterization of the allergenic potential of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lamberti
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Simona Cirrincione
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marzia Giribaldi
- Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Economics, Torino, Italy
| | - Micol Purrotti
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Novara, Italy
| | - Benedetto Sicuro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Centre of Research for Agriculture and Environment, Sericulture Laboratory, Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Economics, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Centre of Research for Agriculture and Environment, Sericulture Laboratory, Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Economics, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cavallarin
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
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7
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Gu X, Li Z, Su Y, Zhao Y, Liu L. Imaginal disc growth factor 4 regulates development and temperature adaptation in Bactrocera dorsalis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:931. [PMID: 30700762 PMCID: PMC6353879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important invasive pest with high reproductive capacity and invasiveness; it has shown remarkable range expansion and brings higher risk to the environment and agriculture. The insect cuticle serves as skin and skeleton, protecting insects against numerous harmful stresses. One gene named imaginal disc growth factor 4 (idgf4) which is involved in cuticle formation, plays an important role in organizing proteins in the chitin-matrix, as well as in adult molting. This gene in the poorly-described glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH 18) family was chosen to study the function of chitinases in insect defense barrier against heat and molting using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and RNA interference (RNAi). qRT- PCR showed that idgf4 was expressed in all nine developmental stages and was mainly expressed in the early and late pupal, as well as adult stages. Knocking down the idgf4 gene via RNAi in 3rd instar larvae led to the decreased survival of larvae under high temperatures and malformed individuals as adults. The results indicated the function of the idgf4 gene in the fruit fly’s defense barrier and development. It can provide new insights into understanding the function of one member in the GH 18 family, and may reveal a new potential gene for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Gu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Liao ZH, Kuo TC, Kao CH, Chou TM, Kao YH, Huang RN. Identification of the chitinase genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2016; 106:769-780. [PMID: 27417424 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitinases have an indispensable function in chitin metabolism and are well characterized in numerous insect species. Although the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella, which has a high reproductive potential, short generation time, and characteristic adaptation to adverse environments, has become one of the most serious pests of cruciferous plants worldwide, the information on the chitinases of the moth is presently limited. In the present study, using degenerated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR strategies, four chitinase genes of P. xylostella were cloned, and an exhaustive search was conducted for chitinase-like sequences from the P. xylostella genome and transcriptomic database. Based on the domain analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and the phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic domain sequences, we identified 15 chitinase genes from P. xylostella. Two of the gut-specific chitinases did not cluster with any of the known phylogenetic groups of chitinases and might be in a new group of the chitinase family. Moreover, in our study, group VIII chitinase was not identified. The structures, classifications and expression patterns of the chitinases of P. xylostella were further delineated, and with this information, further investigations on the functions of chitinase genes in DBM could be facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Liao
- Department of Life Science,National Central University,Chung-Li,Taoyuan,Taiwan 320,ROC
| | - T C Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry,Taipei Medical University,250 Wu-Hsing Street,Taipei 110,Taiwan
| | - C H Kao
- Applied Zoology Division,Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute,Council of Agriculture,Executive Yua,Wufeng,Taichung 41362,Taiwan
| | - T M Chou
- Applied Zoology Division,Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute,Council of Agriculture,Executive Yua,Wufeng,Taichung 41362,Taiwan
| | - Y H Kao
- Department of Life Science,National Central University,Chung-Li,Taoyuan,Taiwan 320,ROC
| | - R N Huang
- Department of Entomology,College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University,Taipei 106,Taiwan
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Moriyama M, Osanai K, Ohyoshi T, Wang HB, Iwanaga M, Kawasaki H. Ecdysteroid promotes cell cycle progression in the Bombyx wing disc through activation of c-Myc. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 70:1-9. [PMID: 26696544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Developmental switching from growth to metamorphosis in imaginal primordia is an essential process of adult body planning in holometabolous insects. Although it is disciplined by a sequential action of the ecdysteroid, molecular mechanisms linking to cell proliferation are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the expression control of cell cycle-related genes by the ecdysteroid using the wing disc of the final-instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We found that the expression level of c-myc was remarkably elevated in the post-feeding cell proliferation phase, which coincided with a small increase in ecdysteroid titer. An in vitro wing disc culture showed that supplementation of the moderate level of the ecdysteroid upregulated c-myc expression within an hour and subsequently increased the expression of cell cycle core regulators, including A-, B-, D-, and E-type cyclin genes, Cdc25 and E2F1. We demonstrated that c-myc upregulation by the ecdysteroid was not inhibited in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor, suggesting a possibility that the ecdysteroid directly stimulates c-myc expression. Finally, results from the administration of a c-Myc inhibitor demonstrated that c-Myc plays an essential role in 20E-inducible cell proliferation. These findings suggested a novel pathway for ecdysteroid-inducible cell proliferation in insects, and it is likely to be conserved between insects and mammals in terms of steroid hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Moriyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kohji Osanai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwanaga
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
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Feng F, Chen L, Lian C, Xia H, Zhou Y, Yao Q, Chen K. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the suppressive effects of dietary high glucose on the midgut growth of silkworm. J Proteomics 2014; 108:124-32. [PMID: 24878427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important model of lepidoptera insect, and it has been used for several models of human diseases. In human being, long-term high-sugar diet can induce the occurrence of diabetes and other related diseases. Interestingly, our experiments revealed the high glucose diet also has a suppressive effect on the development of silkworms. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which high-glucose diet inhibited the midgut growth in silkworms, we employed comparative proteomic analysis to globally identify proteins differentially expressed in normal and high-glucose diet group silkworms. In all, 28 differently proteins were suppressed and 5 proteins induced in high-glucose diet group. Gene ontology analysis showed that most of these differently proteins are mainly involved in metabolic process, catalytic and cellular process. A development related protein, imaginal disk growth factor (IDGF), was further confirmed by western blot exclusively expressing in the normal diet group silkworms. Taken together, our data suggests that IDGF plays a critical role in impairing the development of silkworms by a high-glucose diet. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glucose has been thought to play essential roles in growth and development of silkworm. In this paper, we certified firstly that high-glucose diet can suppress the growth of silkworm, and comparative proteomic was employed to reveal the inhibition mechanism. Moreover, an important regulation related protein (IDGF) was found to involve in this inhibition process. These results will help us get a deeper understanding of the relationship between diet and healthy. Furthermore, IDGF may be the critical protein for reducing the blood sugar in silkworm, and it may be used for screening human hypoglycemic drug. The work has not been submitted elsewhere for publication, in whole or in part, and all the authors have approved the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Lian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China.
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11
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Qu M, Ma L, Chen P, Yang Q. Proteomic Analysis of Insect Molting Fluid with a Focus on Enzymes Involved in Chitin Degradation. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2931-40. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Qu
- School
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute
of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School
of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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12
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Niemann–Pick disease type C2 protein induces triglyceride accumulation in silkworm and mammalian cell lines. Biochem J 2014; 459:137-47. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Niemann–Pick disease type C2 protein was identified as a triglyceride-accumulating factor in insect fluid.
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13
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Afshar K, Dube FF, Najafabadi HS, Bonneil E, Thibault P, Salavati R, Bede JC. Insights into the insect salivary gland proteome: diet-associated changes in caterpillar labial salivary proteins. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:351-366. [PMID: 23353727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary function of salivary glands is fluid and protein secretion during feeding. Compared to mammalian systems, little is known about salivary protein secretion processes and the effect of diet on the salivary proteome in insect models. Therefore, the effect of diet nutritional quality on caterpillar labial salivary gland proteins was investigated using an unbiased global proteomic approach by nanoLC/ESI/tandem MS. Caterpillars of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner, were fed one of three diets: an artificial diet containing their self-selected protein to carbohydrate (p:c) ratio (22p:20c), an artificial diet containing a higher nutritional content but the same p:c ratio (33p:30c) or the plant Medicago truncatula Gaertn. As expected, most identified proteins were associated with secretory processes and not influenced by diet. However, some diet-specific differences were observed. Nutrient stress-associated proteins, such as peptidyl-propyl cis-trans isomerase and glucose-regulated protein94/endoplasmin, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were identified in the labial salivary glands of caterpillars fed nutritionally poor diets, suggesting a link between nutritional status and vesicular exocytosis. Heat shock proteins and proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation were also abundant in the labial salivary glands of these caterpillars. In comparison, proteins associated with development, such as arylphorin, were found in labial salivary glands of caterpillars fed 33p:30c. These results suggest that caterpillars fed balanced or nutritionally-poor diets have accelerated secretion pathways compared to those fed a protein-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Afshar
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Qc, Canada H9X 3V9.
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14
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Shi XF, Bin Han, Li YN, Yi YZ, Li XM, Shen XJ, Zhang ZF. Proteomic analysis of the phenotype of the scaleless wings mutant in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. J Proteomics 2012; 78:15-25. [PMID: 23174119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A scaleless wing mutant of silkworm, Bombyx mori, has much fewer scales than wild type (WT). The scaleless phenotype was associated with tracheal system developmental deficiency and excessive apoptosis of scale cells. In this study, the wing discs proteins of WT and scaleless during pupation were studied using 2-DE and mass spectrometry. Of the 99 identified protein spots, four critical differentially expressed proteins between WT and scaleless were further verified using Q-PCR. At the first day of pupation (P0) in WT, imaginal disk growth factor (IDGF) was upregulated, whereas actin-depolymerizing factor 1 (ADF1) and profilin (PFN), which associated with cellular motility and cytoplasmic extension, were downregulated. We speculated their coaction counteracts the correct organization of the tracheal system in wing disc. Thiol peroxiredoxin (TPx) was upregulated in scaleless at P0, but its mRNA higher expression occurred in the day before pupation (S4). TPx could inhibit the formation of hydrogen peroxide, preventing the release of cytochrome C and activation of the caspase family protease. Its higher expression in scaleless was responsible for the apoptosis of scale cells delayed. The results provide further evidence that the scaleless phenotype was related to the tracheal system developmental deficiency and excessive apoptosis of scale cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Shi
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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15
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Wang HB, Ali SM, Moriyama M, Iwanaga M, Kawasaki H. 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone analog prevent precocious metamorphosis in recessive trimolter mutants of Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:102-108. [PMID: 22155635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The trimolter mutants of Bombyx mori have four instead of five larval instars of normal tetramolters. Here, we show that the tetramolter was induced in the recessive trimolter European No.7 mutant (rt-E7) by application of either the juvenile hormone analog (JHA) or 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). However, treatments with JHA or 20E did not change the number of larval instars of the dominant trimolter Si Chuan mutant (DT-SC). Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) is an early JH-response gene that mediates the anti-metamorphic action of JH. In the wing disc of tetramolter B. mori, Kr-h1 RNAs decreased shortly after ecdysis to the fifth instar, while pupal specifier gene, Broad Complex Z1 (BR-Z1) RNAs slightly increased and coincided with the onset of metamorphic competence of wing discs. Analysis of the developmental profile of Kr-h1 in the wing disc of rt-E7 showed that its transcript slightly increased from 12 to 24 h and gradually decreased between 24 and 72 h in the fourth (last) larval instar, while Kr-h1 mRNA decreased rapidly between 12 and 72 h in DT-SC. In addition, the expression of BR-Z1 in DT-SC during the early fourth (last) larval instar is relatively higher than that in rt-E7. These results indicated that the occurrence of pupal commitment of the wing disc in DT-SC was much earlier than that in rt-E7. In the early fourth larval instar of rt-E7, feeding on 20E or treatments with exogenous JHA caused up-regulation of Kr-h1, suppressed premature induction of BR-Z1, and then induced an additional larval instar. By contrast, in DT-SC mutant, since pupal commitment immediately occurred after third ecdysis, precocious metamorphosis was not successfully rescued. The results suggest that Kr-h1 and BR-Z1 involved in the prevention of precocious metamorphosis in recessive trimolter mutants by application of 20E and JHA. The result indicated that Kr-h1 and BR-Z1 expression reflected larval-pupal transition of the recessive trimolter of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Bing Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
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16
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Pan Y, Lü P, Wang Y, Yin L, Ma H, Ma G, Chen K, He Y. In silico identification of novel chitinase-like proteins in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, genome. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:150. [PMID: 23461297 PMCID: PMC3646613 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In insects, chitinases participate in the periodic shedding of old exoskeletons and the turnover of peritrophic membranes. Chitinase family members have been identified in dozens of species, including Tribolium castaneum, Drosophila melanogaster, and Anopheles gambiae. In this study, nine chitinases and three hypothetical chitinases have been identified in Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) through genome-wide searching. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that seven of them belong to the seven chitinase groups, respectively. BmCht25 and BmCht26 could not be grouped into the known chitinase groups, and might belong to two new groups of the chitinase family. BmCht10, BmCht25, and BmIDGF have glutamate amino acid substitutions in the active catalytic domain. Only BmCht5 and BmCht10 contain CBD domain and PEST sequences (rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine). BmCht5 and BmCht26 are located on chromosome 7, and others (BmCht6, BmCht7, BmCht10, BmCht11, BmCht20, BmIDGF) are located on separate chromosomes of Bombyx mori, respectively. The present study provides important background information for future studies using Bombyx mori as a model organism for insect development and virus and host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Pan
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R China
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Peng Lü
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 21201 3, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 21201 3, P. R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 21201 3, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Yin
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R China
| | - Hexiang Ma
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R China
| | - Guohong Ma
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 21201 3, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing He
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 21201 3, P. R. China
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