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Fallet P, Bazagwira D, Ruzzante L, Ingabire G, Levivier S, Bustos-Segura C, Kajuga J, Toepfer S, Turlings TCJ. Entomopathogenic nematodes as an effective and sustainable alternative to control the fall armyworm in Africa. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae122. [PMID: 38628598 PMCID: PMC11020222 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The recent invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW), a voracious pest, into Africa and Asia has resulted in unprecedented increases in insecticide applications, especially in maize cultivation. The health and environmental hazards posed by these chemicals have prompted a call for alternative control practices. Entomopathogenic nematodes are highly lethal to the FAWs, but their application aboveground has been challenging. In this study, we report on season-long field trials with an innocuous biodegradable gel made from carboxymethyl cellulose containing local nematodes that we specifically developed to target the FAW. In several Rwandan maize fields with distinct climatic conditions and natural infestation rates, we compared armyworm presence and damage in control plots and plots that were treated with either our nematode gel formulation, a commercial liquid nematode formulation, or the commonly used contact insecticide cypermethrin. The treatments were applied to the whorl of each plant, which was repeated three to four times, at 2-week intervals, starting when the plants were still seedlings. Although all three treatments reduced leaf damage, only the gel formulation decreased caterpillar infestation by about 50% and yielded an additional ton of maize per hectare compared with untreated plots. Importantly, we believe that the use of nematodes can be cost-effective, since we used nematode doses across the whole season that were at least 3-fold lower than their normal application against belowground pests. The overall results imply that precisely formulated and easy-to-apply nematodes can be a highly effective, affordable, and sustainable alternative to insecticides for FAW control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fallet
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- CABI-Switzerland, c/o Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Directorate, HU-6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary
| | - Didace Bazagwira
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Livio Ruzzante
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Geraldine Ingabire
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Sacha Levivier
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Kajuga
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Entomopathogenic Nematodes Production Facility, 5016 Rubona, Rwanda
| | - Stefan Toepfer
- CABI-Switzerland, c/o Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Directorate, HU-6800 Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1008641 Beijing, China
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Mweke A, Rwomushana I, Okello A, Chacha D, Guo J, Luke B. Management of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith Using Recycled Virus Inoculum from Larvae Treated with Baculovirus under Field Conditions. INSECTS 2023; 14:686. [PMID: 37623396 PMCID: PMC10455994 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) is a major pest of maize and causes huge losses. Chemical pesticides are the commonly used control strategy among farmers. The efficacy of baculoviruses against FAW has been proven; however, farmers may not be able to afford the products. The use of farmer-produced baculovirus mixtures could provide an opportunity for a nature-based solution for FAW at a low cost. This study evaluated the potential of recycled virus inoculum from FAW larvae treated with a commercial baculovirus (Littovir) for the management of FAW under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, the virus from 25, 50, 75 and 100 FAW larvae caused variable mortality among FAW instars. The highest mortality (45%) among 1st-3rd instars was caused by Littovir followed by recycled virus inoculum from 100 FAW larvae (36%). Under field conditions, even though recycled virus inoculum did not offer adequate protection against FAW damage, the maize yield was comparable to that of commercial insecticide-treated plots and similar to that of control plots. This study has shown the potential use of recycled virus inoculum from infected larvae for the management of FAW. This would offer the farmers a sustainable and affordable option for the management of FAW as it would require the farmers to purchase the commercial baculovirus once and collect larvae from treated plots for repeat applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Mweke
- Department of Animal Health and Production, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika P.O. Box 342-01000, Kenya
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Ivan Rwomushana
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Arthur Okello
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Duncan Chacha
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI) Africa, Canary Bird, 673 Limuru Road, Muthaiga, Nairobi P.O. Box 633-00621, Kenya
| | - Jingfei Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IPP-CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Belinda Luke
- Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK;
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3
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Idrees A, Afzal A, Qadir ZA, Li J. Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1107434. [PMID: 36969609 PMCID: PMC10031024 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1107434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize is an essential crop of China. The recent invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda, also known as fall armyworm (FAW), poses a danger to the country’s ability to maintain a sustainable level of productivity from this core crop. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae MA, Penicillium citrinum CTD-28 and CTD-2, Cladosporium sp. BM-8, Aspergillus sp. SE-25 and SE-5, Metarhizium sp. CA-7, and Syncephalastrum racemosum SR-23 were tested to determine their effectiveness in causing mortality in second instars, eggs, and neonate larvae. Metarhizium anisopliae MA, P. citrinum CTD-28, and Cladosporium sp. BM-8 caused the highest levels of egg mortality, with 86.0, 75.3, and 70.0%, respectively, followed by Penicillium sp. CTD-2 (60.0%). Additionally, M. anisopliae MA caused the highest neonatal mortality of 57.1%, followed by P. citrinum CTD-28 (40.7%). In addition, M. anisopliae MA, P. citrinum CTD-28, and Penicillium sp. CTD-2 decreased the feeding efficacy of second instar larvae of FAW by 77.8, 75.0, and 68.1%, respectively, followed by Cladosporium sp. BM-8 (59.7%). It is possible that EPF will play an important role as microbial agents against FAW after further research is conducted on the effectiveness of these EPF in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Idrees
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ayesha Afzal
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ziyad Abdul Qadir
- Honeybee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Li,
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4
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Bustillos-Rodríguez JC, Ordóñez-García M, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Sepúlveda-Ahumada DR, Zamudio-Flores PB, Acosta-Muñiz CH, Gallegos-Morales G, Berlanga-Reyes DI, Rios-Velasco C. Effect of High Temperature and UV Radiation on the Insecticidal Capacity of a Spodoptera frugiperda Nucleopolyhedrovirus Microencapsulated in a Matrix Based on Oxidized Corn Starch. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:104-113. [PMID: 36626092 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus native isolate (SfCH32) of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was encapsulated by spray-drying in a matrix based on oxidized corn starch without and with a fluorescent brightener. The microcapsules were exposed to UV radiation (365 nm) for 0, 2, 4, and 8 h at 25 °C or temperatures of 35, 40, and 45 °C for 8 h. The data obtained with temperatures 35, 40, and 45 °C were contrasted with those obtained at 25 °C. The microcapsules were evaluated for size, shape, and insecticidal capacity against third instar S. frugiperda larvae under laboratory conditions. The 82-84.2% of the encapsulating matrix, in a dry-weight basis, was recovered as NPV microcapsules of heterogeneous shape and size. The exposure to UV radiation and temperatures reduced significantly the insecticidal capacity of tested viruses; however, such capacity was higher for microencapsulated than for non-microencapsulated viruses. The non-encapsulated virus that had been exposed to 45 °C or maintained at UV radiation for 8 h showed the lowest insecticidal activity at 5th day post-inoculation, with a larvae mortality of 25.3 and 16%, respectively. The fluorescent brightener increased significantly the insecticidal capacity of encapsulated and non-encapsulated viruses, causing a mortality of 100% at that time point, and decreased the median lethal time independently of the incubation temperature and exposure time to radiation. The findings suggested that an encapsulating matrix based on oxidized corn starch might protect the insecticidal capacity of NPV under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magali Ordóñez-García
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación Y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabriel Gallegos-Morales
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | | | - Claudio Rios-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación Y Desarrollo, A.C., Campus Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico.
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5
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Shen Z, Zang ZY, Dai P, Xu W, Nkunika POY, Zang LS. Identification of Chelonus sp. from Zambia and Its Performance on Different Aged Eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2023; 14:61. [PMID: 36661989 PMCID: PMC9861358 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a migratory pest endemic, to tropical and subtropical regions of America. Biological control can effectively and sustainably control pests over a long period of time while reducing the frequency of pesticide use and ensuring the safety of agricultural produce. In our study, the egg-larval Chelonus species (Chelonus bifoveolatus) from parasitized eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda in Zambia were described and identified based on morphological and genetic characteristics. To evaluate the efficiency of C. bifoveolatus, their parasitism suitability on 0- to 2-day FAW eggs under laboratory conditions was compared. The results showed that C. bifoveolatus could accept all FAW eggs at 0-, 1- and 2-day-old age and complete development successfully. Significant differences were found among 0-, 1-, and 2-day-old host eggs with respect to egg-larva developmental duration of C. bifoveolatus, and the egg-larva developmental duration on 2-day-old eggs was significantly lower than those on 0- and 1-day-old eggs. No significant differences were observed in the parasitism, pupation, emergence, and female rates for C. bifoveolatus on various age eggs of FAW. Generally, the parasitism rate, pupal rate, and emergence rate at various ages of FAW eggs were higher than 90%, 75%, and 82%, respectively, and the longevity of female parasitoids was longer than male parasitoids, and the sex ratio of females to males was nearly 1:1. Our results indicate that C. bifoveolatus performed well on various ages of FAW eggs and is a potential biological control agent against FAW in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Peng Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Phillip O. Y. Nkunika
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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6
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Donkersley P, Rice A, Graham RI, Wilson K. Gut microbial community supplementation and reduction modulates African armyworm susceptibility to a baculovirus. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 99:6880154. [PMID: 36473704 PMCID: PMC9764207 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota stimulates the immune system and inhibits pathogens, and thus, it is critical for disease prevention. Probiotics represent an effective alternative to antibiotics used for the therapy and prevention of bacterial diseases. Probiotic bacteria are commonly used in vertebrates, although their use in invertebrates is still rare. We manipulated the gut microbiome of the African Armyworm (Spodoptera exempta Walker) using antibiotics and field-collected frass, in an attempt to understand the interactions of the gut microbiome with the nucleopolyhedrovirus, SpexNPV. We found that S. exempta individuals with supplemented gut microbiome were significantly more resistant to SpexNPV, relative to those with a typical laboratory gut microbiome. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed the bacterial phyla in the S. exempta gut belonged to 28 different classes. Individuals with an increased abundance of Lactobacillales had a higher probability of surviving viral infection. In contrast, there was an increased abundance of Enterobacteriales and Pseudomonadales in individuals dying from viral infection, corresponding with decreased abundance of these two Orders in surviving caterpillars, suggesting a potential role for them in modulating the interaction between the host and its pathogen. These results have important implications for laboratory studies testing biopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Donkersley
- Corresponding author: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Annabel Rice
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I Graham
- Department of Rural Land Use, SRUC, Craibstone Campus, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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Idrees A, Afzal A, Qadir ZA, Li J. Bioassays of Beauveria bassiana Isolates against the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070717. [PMID: 35887472 PMCID: PMC9324617 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of Spodoptera frugiperda, the key invasive pest of maize, is a serious concern due to its biology and the current global restriction on applying synthetic pesticides. Entomopathogenic fungi are considered to be a potential biological control strategy. The pathogenicity of 12 isolates of Beauveria bassiana in the immature stages and feeding efficacy of S. frugiperda were evaluated. The B. bassiana isolates QB-3.45, QB-3.46 and QB-3.428 caused the highest egg mortality rates of 87.3, 82.7 and 79.3%, respectively, when applied at a concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/mL and measured at 7 days post-treatment. Neonate mortality rates of 45.6 to 53.6% were observed with the same isolates. The B. bassiana isolates caused significant cumulative mortality rates ranging from 71.3 to 93.3% at 14 days post-treatment and reduced larval feeding efficacy from 69.4 to 77.8% at 48 h post-treatment. This study supports using the effective B. bassiana isolates as a biological control agent against S. frugiperda. The significant mortality of the eggs and neonatal larvae and the reduction in the feeding efficacy of the second instar larvae of the S. frugiperda that were treated with isolates of B. bassiana supports the application of entomopathogenic fungi as a biocontrol agent for the effective control of the S. frugiperda population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Idrees
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (A.I.); (A.A.)
| | - Ayesha Afzal
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (A.I.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 1-Km Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ziyad Abdul Qadir
- Honeybee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (A.I.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Idrees A, Qadir ZA, Akutse KS, Afzal A, Hussain M, Islam W, Waqas MS, Bamisile BS, Li J. Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Fungi on Immature Stages and Feeding Performance of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae. INSECTS 2021; 12:1044. [PMID: 34821844 PMCID: PMC8624455 DOI: 10.3390/insects12111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maize is a major staple crop in China, and the sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, invasion. The five fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. BM-3 and SE-2-1, Cladosporium tenuissimum SE-10, Penicillium citrinum CTD-24, and Beauveria bassiana ZK-5 were assessed for their efficacy in causing mortality against first to sixth instar eggs and neonate larvae seven days post-treatment, and their effects on the feeding performance of sixth instar S. frugiperda larvae at 48 h post-treatment at three concentrations (1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL-1) were also assessed. The six instar S. frugiperda larvae were not susceptible to the five tested fungal isolates. However, B. bassiana ZK-5 caused the highest egg mortality of 40, 70, and 85.6% at 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia mL-1, respectively, followed by P. citrinum CTD-24 (30.6, 50, and 75.6%) and C. tenuissimum SE-10 (25.6, 40, and 55.6%). In addition, B. bassiana ZK-5 caused the highest neonate mortality of 54.3% at 1 × 108 conidia mL-1. B. bassiana ZK-5 and P. citrinum CTD-24 caused cumulative mortality, including 93.3 and 83.3% mortality of eggs and neonates, respectively, at 1 × 108 conidia mL-1. Furthermore, B. bassiana ZK-5 reduced the feeding efficacy of first to third instar S. frugiperda larvae by 66.7 to 78.6%, while P. citrinum CTD-24 and C. tenuissimum SE-10 reduced larval feeding by 48.3 to 57.1% at 1 × 108 conidia mL-1. However, these fungal isolates were less potent in reducing the feeding activity of fourth to sixth instar S. frugiperda larvae (>46% with B. bassiana at 48 h post-treatment). The tested fungal isolates could play an essential role as microbial biopesticides in suppressing the S. frugiperda population in China after further investigations on their efficacy are obtained in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Idrees
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Ziyad Abdul Qadir
- Honeybee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan;
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| | - Ayesha Afzal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 1-Km Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral oil pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Waqar Islam
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Saad Waqas
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, and Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- Laboratory of Quarantine and Invasive Pests, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China;
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Hussain AG, Wennmann JT, Goergen G, Bryon A, Ros VI. Viruses of the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: A Review with Prospects for Biological Control. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112220. [PMID: 34835026 PMCID: PMC8625175 DOI: 10.3390/v13112220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a native pest species in the Western hemisphere. Since it was first reported in Africa in 2016, FAW has spread throughout the African continent and is now also present in several countries in Asia as well as Australia. The invasion of FAW in these areas has led to a high yield reduction in crops, leading to huge economic losses. FAW management options in the newly invaded areas are limited and mainly rely on the use of synthetic pesticides. Since there is a risk of resistance development against pesticides in addition to the negative environmental and human health impacts, other effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient control alternatives are desired. Insect pathogenic viruses fulfil these criteria as they are usually effective and highly host-specific with no significant harmful effect on beneficial insects and non-target organisms. In this review, we discuss all viruses known from FAW and their potential to be used for biological control. We specifically focus on baculoviruses and describe the recent advancements in the use of baculoviruses for biological control in the native geographic origin of FAW, and their potential use in the newly invaded areas. Finally, we identify current knowledge gaps and suggest new avenues for productive research on the use of viruses as a biopesticide against FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Hussain
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Jörg T. Wennmann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Heinrichstr. 243, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Georg Goergen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Biological Control Centre for Africa, Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin;
| | - Astrid Bryon
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera I.D. Ros
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.G.H.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Guan F, Zhang J, Shen H, Wang X, Padovan A, Walsh TK, Tay WT, Gordon KHJ, James W, Czepak C, Otim MH, Kachigamba D, Wu Y. Whole-genome sequencing to detect mutations associated with resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:627-638. [PMID: 32558234 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major pest native to the Americas that has recently invaded the Old World. Point mutations in the target-site proteins acetylcholinesterase-1 (ace-1), voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) have been identified in S. frugiperda as major resistance mechanisms to organophosphate, pyrethroid and diamide insecticides respectively. Mutations in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter C2 gene (ABCC2) have also been identified to confer resistance to Cry1F protein. In this study, we applied a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approach to identify point mutations in the target-site genes in 150 FAW individuals collected from China, Malawi, Uganda and Brazil. This approach revealed three amino acid substitutions (A201S, G227A and F290V) of S. frugiperda ace-1, which are known to be associated with organophosphate resistance. The Brazilian population had all three ace-1 point mutations and the 227A allele (mean frequency = 0.54) was the most common. Populations from China, Malawi and Uganda harbored two of the three ace-1 point mutations (A201S and F290V) with the 290V allele (0.47-0.58) as the dominant allele. Point mutations in VGSC (T929I, L932F and L1014F) and RyR (I4790M and G4946E) were not detected in any of the 150 individuals. A novel 12-bp insertion mutation in exon 15 of the ABCC2 gene was identified in some of the Brazilian individuals but absent in the invasive populations. Our results not only demonstrate robustness of the WGS-based genomic approach for detection of resistance mutations, but also provide insights for improvement of resistance management tactics in S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiwen Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingliang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amanda Padovan
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tom K Walsh
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Karl H J Gordon
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - William James
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Cecilia Czepak
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Donald Kachigamba
- Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Popham HJR, Rowley DL, Harrison RL. Differential insecticidal properties of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates against corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm, and genomic analysis of three isolates. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107561. [PMID: 33639152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North, Central, and South America that recently has spread to Africa and Asia. Isolates of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) have the potential to be developed as low-risk biopesticides for management of fall armyworm, and a commercially available formulation has been developed for control of fall armyworm in North and South America. In this study, the virulence (LC50 and LT50) of several SfMNPV isolates towards larvae of both corn-strain and rice-strain fall armyworm was assessed. Bioassays with corn-strain larvae revealed that the isolates could be organized into fast-killing (LT50 < 56 h post-infection) and slow-killing (LT50 > 68 h post-infection) groups. Rice-strain larvae exhibited narrower ranges of susceptibility to baculovirus infection and of survival times in bioassays with different isolates. Two SfMNPV isolates with rapid speeds of kill (SfMNPV-459 from Colombia and SfMNPV-1197 from Georgia, USA) along with an isolate that killed corn-strain at relatively low concentrations (SfMNPV-281 from Georgia) were selected for the complete determination of their genome sequences. The SfMNPV-1197 genome sequence shared high sequence identity with genomes of a Nicaraguan isolate, while SfMNPV-281 formed a separate clade with a USA and a Brazilian isolate in phylogenetic trees. The SfMNPV-459 sequence was more divergent with the lowest genome sequence identities in pairwise alignments with other sequenced SfMNPV genomes, and was not grouped reliably with either the 1197 clade or the 281 clade. SfMNPV-459 contained homologs of two ORFs that were unique to another Colombian isolate, but these isolates were not placed in the same clade in phylogenetic trees. This study identifies isolates with superior properties for control of fall armyworm and adds to our knowledge of the genetics of SfMNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J R Popham
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1503 S. Providence Road, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
| | - Daniel L Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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12
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Tang Y, Li Q, Xiang L, Gu R, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Bai X, Niu X, Li T, Wei J, Pan G, Zhou Z. First Report on Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Infestation of the Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010065. [PMID: 33450946 PMCID: PMC7828442 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda first emerged in China in 2019, and therefore the information on indigenous natural enemies of S. frugiperda has been limited in China. In this study, we reported that a dipteran species was observed to infest S. frugiperda collected from maize fields in four different regions of China. Further morphological and molecular recognition identified all the flies as Megaselia scalaris. The findings of this study will improve our understanding on natural enemies to S. frugiperda and potentially provide new ideas for integrated pest management strategies in China. Abstract The invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda first emerged in China in January 2019 and has, to date, migrated to 29 provinces and municipalities in China, causing heavy crop damage in large areas. As a response to this invasive species from the environment, some indigenous natural enemies have been discovered and reported after S. frugiperda invasion. In this paper, parasitic flies were collected and identified from S. frugiperda collected in the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Henan provinces and the Chongqing municipality in China. By using both conventional and molecular approaches, we were able to show that all the parasitic flies of S. frugiperda identified in the four regions were Megaselia. scalaris, and that they attacked the pest larvae and pupae. This is the first report on an indigenous Chinese Megaselia species that has parasitic ability against the invasive pest S. frugiperda, potentially providing new ideas for pest control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruocheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China; (Y.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Xingrong Bai
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China; (Y.Z.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Crop Seed Management Station of Chongqing, Chongqing 401121, China;
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (G.P.)
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (G.P.)
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.T.); (Q.L.); (L.X.); (R.G.); (Y.W.); (T.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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13
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Lei C, Yang J, Wang J, Hu J, Sun X. Molecular and Biological Characterization of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Field Isolate and Genotypes from China. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110777. [PMID: 33182689 PMCID: PMC7697700 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The fall armyworm is a notorious lepidopteran pest that consumes many economically important crops. Its recent invasion into China threatens crops in over 19 provinces. This species is susceptible to its homologous nucleopolyhedrovirus (Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, or SfMNPV). Selection of indigenous isolates that are adaptable in each geographical region is important for developing a virus-based pesticide. In this study, an SfMNPV field isolate was obtained from a natural population of the fall armyworm in Hubei, China. Two genotypes were cloned from the field isolate, and one genotype, SfHub-A, which had similar activity to the field isolate and produced significantly more progeny viruses, was considered to be a suitable strain for the commercial production of SfMNPV. This information will be valuable for developing a virus-based pesticide against fall armyworm in China. Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a new invading pest in China. The baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a pathogenic agent of the fall armyworm and a potential agent for its control in integrated pest management strategies. In this work, we analyze the molecular and biological characteristics of an SfMNPV isolate collected from maize in China (SfMNPV-Hub). Two genotypes were further isolated from SfMNPV-Hub by an in vivo cloning method. The PstI profile of one genotype (SfHub-A) was similar to genotype A of the SfMNPV Colombian isolate, and the other (SfHub-E) was similar to genotype E of the Colombian isolate. The bioactivity of SfHub-A against second-instar S. frugiperda larvae was not significantly different from that of SfMNPV-Hub, whereas SfHub-E was 2.7–5.5 fold less potent than SfMNPV-Hub. The speed of kill of SfHub-E was quicker than SfMNPV-Hub, while SfHub-A acted slower than SfMNPV-Hub. Occlusion body (OB) production of SfHub-A in an S. frugiperda cadaver was significantly higher than that of SfMNPV-Hub, while SfHub-E yielded far fewer occlusion bodies (OBs) in the host larvae. These results provide basic information for developing a virus-based pesticide against the invading pest S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Lei
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jian Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiulian Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; (C.L.); (J.Y.); (J.W.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87198641
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14
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Wilson K, Grzywacz D, Curcic I, Scoates F, Harper K, Rice A, Paul N, Dillon A. A novel formulation technology for baculoviruses protects biopesticide from degradation by ultraviolet radiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13301. [PMID: 32764606 PMCID: PMC7411030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopesticides are biological pest control agents that are viewed as safer alternatives to the synthetic chemicals that dominate the global insecticide market. A major constraint on the wider adoption of biopesticides is their susceptibility to the ultraviolet (UV: 290-400 nm) radiation in sunlight, which limits their persistence and efficacy. Here, we describe a novel formulation technology for biopesticides in which the active ingredient (baculovirus) is micro-encapsulated in an ENTOSTAT wax combined with a UV absorbant (titanium dioxide, TiO2). Importantly, this capsule protects the sensitive viral DNA from degrading in sunlight, but dissolves in the alkaline insect gut to release the virus, which then infects and kills the pest. We show, using simulated sunlight, in both laboratory bioassays and trials on cabbage and tomato plants, that this can extend the efficacy of the biopesticide well beyond the few hours of existing virus formulations, potentially increasing the spray interval and/or reducing the need for high application rates. The new formulation has a shelf-life at 30 °C of at least 6 months, which is comparable to standard commercial biopesticides and has no phytotoxic effect on the host plants. Taken together, these findings suggest that the new formulation technology could reduce the costs and increase the efficacy of baculovirus biopesticides, with the potential to make them commercially competitive alternatives to synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - David Grzywacz
- Department of Agriculture Health and Environment, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Igor Curcic
- Exosect Limited, Leylands Business Park, Colden Common, Winchester, SO21 1TH, Hampshire, UK
| | - Freya Scoates
- Exosect Limited, Leylands Business Park, Colden Common, Winchester, SO21 1TH, Hampshire, UK
| | - Karen Harper
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Annabel Rice
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Nigel Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Aoife Dillon
- Exosect Limited, Leylands Business Park, Colden Common, Winchester, SO21 1TH, Hampshire, UK
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15
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Cuartas-Otálora PE, Gómez-Valderrama JA, Ramos AE, Barrera-Cubillos GP, Villamizar-Rivero LF. Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus Mixtures to Control the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Viruses 2019; 11:E684. [PMID: 31357428 PMCID: PMC6723348 DOI: 10.3390/v11080684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the isolate VG008 of S. frugiperda granulovirus (SpfrGV) to enhance the infectivity of the isolate SfCOL of S. frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpfrMNPV) was evaluated on S. frugiperda larvae. Bioassays were performed with mixtures by using different proportions 90%:10% (M1), 95%:5% (M2) and 97.5%:2.5% (M3) of SfCOL:VG008, respectively. All mixtures showed higher insecticidal activity that SfCOL. The mixture M3 showed the highest enhancement of SfCOL reducing 11.40 times the Mean Lethal Concentration and 96 h in the Mean Time to Death. The enhancer activity of proteins derived from VG008 (GVPs) were also evaluated in mixture with SfCOL. The GVPs increased 27% larval mortality caused by SfCOL and damaged the peritrophic membrane of S. litura larvae, suggesting that the key point in this enhancing activity is the initial step of the larva colonization, the midgut infection. M3 was formulated and evaluated under greenhouse conditions in maize plants using different doses. The highest efficacy was obtained with the highest dose of M3 (8 × 1011 OBs/ha), which was similar to that found when formulated SfCOL was applied using an approximately twofold higher dose. The viral mixture M3 was selected as the active ingredient for developing a new biopesticide for a more efficient management of the pest in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola E Cuartas-Otálora
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, kilómetro 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, 250047 Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Juliana A Gómez-Valderrama
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, kilómetro 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, 250047 Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Andrea E Ramos
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, kilómetro 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, 250047 Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Gloria P Barrera-Cubillos
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, kilómetro 14 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, 250047 Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Laura F Villamizar-Rivero
- AgResearch, Forage Science, Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Bernal A, Simón O, Williams T, Muñoz D, Caballero P. Remarkably efficient production of a highly insecticidal Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChchNPV) isolate in its homologous host. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1586-1592. [PMID: 29297971 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus from the Canary Islands (ChchNPV-TF1) has proved to be effective for control of Chrysodeixis chalcites on banana crops. Commercialization of this virus as a bioinsecticide requires an efficient production system. RESULTS The sixth instar (L6 ) was the most suitable for virus production, producing 1.80 × 1011 occlusion bodies (OB)/larva and showed a lower prevalence of cannibalism (5.4%) than fourth (L4 ) or fifth (L5 ) instars. Inoculation of L6 at 24 h post molting produced six times more OB (5.72 × 1011 OB/larva) than recently molted L6 larvae (1.00 × 1011 OB/larva). No significant differences were recorded in mean time to death (165-175 h) or OB production per larva (3.75 × 1011 to 5.97 × 1011 ) or per mg larval weight (1.30 × 1011 to 2.11 × 109 ), in larvae inoculated with a range of inoculum concentrations (LC50 -LC90 ). Groups of infected L6 larvae reared at a density of 150 larvae/container produced a greater total number of OBs (8.07 × 1013 OB/container) than lower densities (25, 50 and 100 OB/container), and a similar number to containers with 200 inoculated larvae (8.43 × 1013 OB/container). CONCLUSION The processes described here allow efficient production of sufficient OBs to treat ∼ 40 ha of banana crops using the insects from a single container. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bernal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Oihane Simón
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | | | - Delia Muñoz
- Dpto. Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva Baja, Spain
- Dpto. Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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17
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Jeger M, Bragard C, Caffier D, Candresse T, Chatzivassiliou E, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Gilioli G, Gregoire JC, Jaques Miret JA, Navarro MN, Niere B, Parnell S, Potting R, Rafoss T, Rossi V, Urek G, Van Bruggen A, Van der Werf W, West J, Winter S, Gardi C, Aukhojee M, MacLeod A. Pest categorisation of Spodoptera frugiperda. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04927. [PMID: 32625583 PMCID: PMC7009894 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission requested EFSA to conduct a pest categorisation of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a pest with hosts in 27 plant families. Favoured hosts include maize, rice and sorghum (Poaceae). Hosts also include crops within the Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae and other families. S. frugiperda is a taxonomic entity with reliable methods for identification. It is regulated in the EU as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and migrates to temperate regions in North and South America during the summer. Establishment in temperate areas is prevented by its inability to overwinter. S. frugiperda has been intercepted on plant produce entering the EU. Phytosanitary measures are available to impede entry via traded commodities. In 2016, S. frugiperda was reported damaging maize in Africa. Subsequent reports indicate that it continues to spread severely damaging maize and other crops. If S. frugiperda spreads into north Africa, the likelihood of adults migrating into the temperate EU increases. Within the scope and level of analysis appropriate for pest categorisation, the EFSA Plant Health Panel concludes that S. frugiperda could establish in a small area of the southern EU from where it is likely to enter more northern regions forming transient summer populations, particularly in maize growing regions where impacts on yield could occur. However, uncertainties regarding establishment remain. Considering the criteria within the remit of EFSA to assess as regards status as a potential Union quarantine pest (QP) or as a potential regulated non‐quarantine pest (RNQP), S. frugiperda satisfies the criteria to be regarded a Union QP but does not meet the criteria of (i) occurring in the EU territory, and (ii) plants for planting being the principal means of spread, criteria required for RNQP status.
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Lacey L, Grzywacz D, Shapiro-Ilan D, Frutos R, Brownbridge M, Goettel M. Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Back to the future. J Invertebr Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Deletion genotypes reduce occlusion body potency but increase occlusion body production in a Colombian Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77271. [PMID: 24116220 PMCID: PMC3792916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A Colombian field isolate (SfCOL-wt) of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) is a mixture of different genotypes. To evaluate the insecticidal properties of the different genotypic variants, 83 plaque purified virus were characterized. Ten distinct genotypes were identified (named A through J). SfCOL-A was the most prevalent (71±2%; mean ± SE) showing a PstI restriction profile indistinguishable to that of SfCOL-wt. The remaining nine genotypes presented genomic deletions of 3.8 - 21.8 Kb located mainly between nucleotides 11,436 and 33,883 in the reference genome SfMNPV-B, affecting the region between open reading frames (ORFs) sf20 and sf33. The insecticidal activity of each genotype from SfCOL-wt and several mixtures of genotypes was compared to that of SfCOL-wt. The potency of SfCOL-A occlusion bodies (OBs) was 4.4-fold higher than SfCOL-wt OBs, whereas the speed of kill of SfCOL-A was similar to that of SfCOL-wt. Deletion genotype OBs were similarly or less potent than SfCOL-wt but six deletion genotypes were faster killing than SfCOL-wt. The potency of genotype mixtures co-occluded within OBs were consistently reduced in two-genotype mixtures involving equal proportions of SfCOL-A and one of three deletion genotypes (SfCOL-C, -D or -F). Speed of kill and OB production were improved only when the certain genotype mixtures were co-occluded, although OB production was higher in the SfCOL-wt isolate than in any of the component genotypes, or mixtures thereof. Deleted genotypes reduced OB potency but increased OB production of the SfCOL-wt population, which is structured to maximize the production of OBs in each infected host.
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Development of a viral biopesticide for the control of the Guatemala potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 112:184-91. [PMID: 23232473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Guatemala potato tuber moth Tecia solanivora (Povolny) (Lep. Gelechiidae) is an invasive species from Mesoamerica that has considerably extended its distribution area in recent decades. While this species is considered to be a major potato pest in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, currently no specific control methods are available for farmers. To address this issue we developed a biopesticide formulation to be used in integrated pest management of T. solanivora, following three steps. First, search for entomopathogenic viruses were carried out through extensive bioprospections in 12 countries worldwide. As a result, new Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) isolates were found in T. solanivora and five other gelechid species. Second, twenty PhopGV isolates, including both previously known and newly found isolates, were genetically and/or biologically characterized in order to choose the best candidate for a biopesticide formulation. Sequence data were obtained for the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene, a single copy gene known to play a role in pathogenicity. Three different sizes (1086, 1305 and 1353 bp) of egt were found among the virus isolates analyzed. Unexpectedly, no obvious correlation between egt size and pathogenicity was found. Bioassays on T. solanivora neonates showed a maximum of a 14-fold difference in pathogenicity among the eight PhopGV isolates tested. The most pathogenic PhopGV isolate, JLZ9f, had a medium lethal concentration (LC(50)) of 10 viral occlusion bodies per square mm of consumed tuber skin. Third, we tested biopesticide dust formulations by mixing a dry carrier (calcium carbonate) with different adjuvants (magnesium chloride or an optical brightener or soya lecithin) and different specific amounts of JLZ9f. During laboratory experiments, satisfactory control of the pest (>98% larva mortality compared to untreated control) was achieved with a formulation containing 10 macerated JLZ9f-dead T. solanivora larvae per kg of calcium carbonate mixed with 50 mL/kg of soya lecithin. The final product provides an interesting alternative to chemical pesticides for Andean farmers affected by this potato pest.
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Functional analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus late expression factors in Sf9 cells. Virus Genes 2012; 46:152-61. [PMID: 23124597 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We used transient expression assays to assess the function of the baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda M nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) homologs of Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) factors involved in late gene expression (lefs), in the Sf9 insect cell-line, which is permissive for both viruses. It is well-established that nineteen AcMNPV lefs support optimal levels of activity from a late promoter-reporter gene cassette in this assay. A subgroup of SfMNPV lefs predicted to function in transcription-specific events substituted the corresponding AcMNPV lefs very efficiently. When all SfMNPV lefs were assayed, including replication lefs, activity was low, but addition of two AcMNPV lefs not encoded in SfMNPV genome, resulted in augmented reporter activity. SfMNPV IE-1 was able to activate an early promoter cis-linked to an hr-derived element from SfMNPV but not from AcMNPV. However, the level of early promoter activation with SfMNPV IE-1 was lower compared to AcMNPV IE-1.
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NeuroBactrus, a novel, highly effective, and environmentally friendly recombinant baculovirus insecticide. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:141-9. [PMID: 23064343 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02781-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel recombinant baculovirus, NeuroBactrus, was constructed to develop an improved baculovirus insecticide with additional beneficial properties, such as a higher insecticidal activity and improved recovery, compared to wild-type baculovirus. For the construction of NeuroBactrus, the Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene (here termed cry1-5) was introduced into the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) genome by fusion of the polyhedrin-cry1-5-polyhedrin genes under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. In the opposite direction, an insect-specific neurotoxin gene, AaIT, from Androctonus australis was introduced under the control of an early promoter from Cotesia plutellae bracovirus by fusion of a partial fragment of orf603. The polyhedrin-Cry1-5-polyhedrin fusion protein expressed by the NeuroBactrus was not only occluded into the polyhedra, but it was also activated by treatment with trypsin, resulting in an ∼65-kDa active toxin. In addition, quantitative PCR revealed that the neurotoxin was expressed from the early phase of infection. NeuroBactrus showed a high level of insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae and a significant reduction in the median lethal time against Spodoptera exigua larvae compared to those of wild-type AcMNPV. Rerecombinant mutants derived from NeuroBactrus in which AaIT and/or cry1-5 were deleted were generated by serial passages in vitro. Expression of the foreign proteins (B. thuringiensis toxin and AaIT) was continuously reduced during the serial passage of the NeuroBactrus. Moreover, polyhedra collected from S. exigua larvae infected with the serially passaged NeuroBactrus showed insecticidal activity similar to that of wild-type AcMNPV. These results suggested that NeuroBactrus could be recovered to wild-type AcMNPV through serial passaging.
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Vieira CM, Tuelher ES, Valicente FH, Wolff JLC. Characterization of a Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate that does not liquefy the integument of infected larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 111:189-92. [PMID: 22884675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the characterization of a Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate, named SfMNPV-6nd, that does not cause the liquefaction of the host integument. The sequencing of the chitinase A (v-chiA) gene from SfMNPV-6nd revealed that it had a frameshift mutation that greatly reduced size of the putative enzyme. In order to evaluate the suitability of SfMPNV-6nd as a biopesticide, this isolate was compared with the highly virulent SfMNPV-19. Our results showed that the LC(50) of the two isolates were not significantly different, but that SfMNPV-6nd took a longer period of time to kill second instar S. frugiperda than SfMNPV-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M Vieira
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
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