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Rowley AF, Baker-Austin C, Boerlage AS, Caillon C, Davies CE, Duperret L, Martin SAM, Mitta G, Pernet F, Pratoomyot J, Shields JD, Shinn AP, Songsungthong W, Srijuntongsiri G, Sritunyalucksana K, Vidal-Dupiol J, Uren Webster TM, Taengchaiyaphum S, Wongwaradechkul R, Coates CJ. Diseases of marine fish and shellfish in an age of rapid climate change. iScience 2024; 27:110838. [PMID: 39318536 PMCID: PMC11420459 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A recurring trend in evidence scrutinized over the past few decades is that disease outbreaks will become more frequent, intense, and widespread on land and in water, due to climate change. Pathogens and the diseases they inflict represent a major constraint on seafood production and yield, and by extension, food security. The risk(s) for fish and shellfish from disease is a function of pathogen characteristics, biological species identity, and the ambient environmental conditions. A changing climate can adversely influence the host and environment, while augmenting pathogen characteristics simultaneously, thereby favoring disease outbreaks. Herein, we use a series of case studies covering some of the world's most cultured aquatic species (e.g., salmonids, penaeid shrimp, and oysters), and the pathogens (viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic) that afflict them, to illustrate the magnitude of disease-related problems linked to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Rowley
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | | | - Annette S Boerlage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Planetary Health (CEPH), SRUC School of Veterinary Medicine, Inverness, Scotland, UK
| | - Coline Caillon
- Université of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte E Davies
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Léo Duperret
- IHPE, Université of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- Ifremer, ILM, IRD, UPF, UMR 241 SECOPOL, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Université of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, Plouzané, France
| | - Jarunan Pratoomyot
- Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey D Shields
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- INVE Aquaculture (Thailand), 471 Bond Street, Bangpood, Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Warangkhana Songsungthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Gun Srijuntongsiri
- School of Information, Computer, and Communication Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Suparat Taengchaiyaphum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Christopher J Coates
- Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
- Zoology and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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2
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Ji R, Guan L, Hu Z, Cheng Y, Cai M, Zhao G, Zang J. A comprehensive review on hemocyanin from marine products: Structure, functions, its implications for the food industry and beyond. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132041. [PMID: 38705315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, an oxygen-transport protein, is widely distributed in the hemolymph of marine arthropods and mollusks, playing an important role in their physiological processes. Recently, hemocyanin has been recognized as a multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the immunological responses of aquatic invertebrates. Consequently, the link between hemocyanin functions and their potential applications has garnered increased attention. This review offers an integrated overview of hemocyanin's structure, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactivities to further promote the utilization of hemocyanin derived from marine products. Specifically, we review its implication in two aspects of food and aquaculture industries: quality and health. Hemocyanin's inducible phenoloxidase activity is thought to be an inducer of melanosis in crustaceans. New anti-melanosis agents targeted to hemocyanin need to be explored. The red-color change observed in shrimp shells is related to hemocyanin, affecting consumer preferences. Hemocyanin's adaptive modification in response to the aquatic environment is available as a biomarker. Additionally, hemocyanin is endowed with bioactivities encompassing anti-microbial, antiviral, and therapeutic activities. Hemocyanin is also a novel allergen and its allergenic features remain incompletely characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Ji
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Leying Guan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yishen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Queiroga FR, Hegaret H, Carvalho WF, Naveira C, Rodrigues N, Santos FSD, Nascimento SM, Neves RAF. In vitro effects of the harmful benthic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata on immune responses of the farmed oyster Crassostrea gasar. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106503. [PMID: 38640692 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Oyster culture is a sustainable solution to food production. However, this activity can be severely impacted by the presence and proliferation of harmful microalgae such as the benthic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum hoffmannianum and Ostreopsis cf. ovata. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of P. hoffmannianum and O. cf. ovata on immune system cells (hemocytes) of the native cultured oyster Crassostrea gasar. The direct toxicity of both dinoflagellates was first evaluated assessing hemocyte viability exposed to eight concentrations of each HAB species. No reduction in hemocyte viability was found with the exposure to cell culture or the crude extract of P. hoffmannianum, but O. cf. ovata culture induced hemocyte death in a concentration-dependent manner. Ostreopsis cf. ovata concentration that promoted half of maximal reduction in hemocyte viability (EC50) was 779 cells mL-1. Posteriorly, hemocytes were exposed to both dinoflagellate cells and crude extracts to investigate their effects on hemocyte functional parameters. Despite no direct toxicity of the dinoflagellate cells, P. hoffmannianum extract caused a threefold increase in ROS production and decreased the phagocytosis rate by less than half. Ostreopsis cf. ovata cells and crude extracts also triggered an increase in ROS production (two-fold), but the phagocytosis rate was reduced (by half) only in response to the two lower cell concentrations. These results indicate a harmful potential of both dinoflagellates through a direct toxicity (only for O. cf. ovata) and functional impairment of hemocytes (both species) which could expose C. gasar oyster to opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France; Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil.
| | - Hélène Hegaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Wanderson Fernandes Carvalho
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Naveira
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Nathália Rodrigues
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Dos Santos
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Silvia Mattos Nascimento
- Marine Microalgae Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
| | - Raquel A F Neves
- Research Group of Experimental and Applied Aquatic Ecology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur, 458 - 307, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.290-240, Brazil
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Vicentini M, Pessatti JBK, Perussolo MC, Lirola JR, Marcondes FR, Nascimento N, Mela M, Cestari MM, Prodocimo V, Simmons D, Silva de Assis HC. Different response of females and males Neotropical catfish (Rhamdia quelen) upon short-term temperature increase. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:477-494. [PMID: 38112904 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has been one of the most discussed topics in the world. Global warming is characterized by an increase in global temperature, also in aquatic environments. The increased temperature can affect aquatic organisms with lethal and sublethal effects. Thus, it is necessary to understand how different species respond to temperature. This study aimed to evaluate how the Neotropical catfish species Rhamdia quelen responds to temperature increases. The fish were exposed to temperatures of 25 °C (control) and 30 °C after gradual temperature increase for 7 days. After 96 h in each temperature, the fish were anesthetized, blood was collected, and after euthanasia, brain, liver, posterior kidney, gills, muscle, and gonads were collected. The gonads were used for sexing, while other tissues were used for the hematological, biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological biomarkers analysis. Hepatic proteomic analysis with a focus on energy production was also carried out. Blood parameter changes in both sexes, including an increase in glucose in males, leukopenia in females, and genotoxicity in both sexes. Hepatic proteins related to energy production were altered in both sexes, but mainly in males. Others biomarker alterations, such as histopathological, were not observed in other tissues; however, the antioxidant system was affected differently between sexes. These showed that R. quelen juveniles, at temperatures higher than its optimum temperature such as 30 °C, has several sublethal changes, such as hematological alterations, antioxidant system activation, and energetic metabolism alteration, especially in males. Thus, short-term temperature rise can affect females and males of R. quelen differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Vicentini
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara Carolina Perussolo
- Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
- Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR, 80250-200, Brazil
| | - Juliana Roratto Lirola
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Nascimento
- Physiology Department, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela
- Cell Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
| | - Viviane Prodocimo
- Physiology Department, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81530-980, Brazil
| | - Denina Simmons
- Faculty of Science, OntarioTech University, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada
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Mengal K, Kor G, Siino V, Buřič M, Kozák P, Levander F, Niksirat H. Quantification of proteomic profile changes in the hemolymph of crayfish during in vitro coagulation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104760. [PMID: 37331675 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Hemolymph is the circulatory fluid that fills the body cavity of crustaceans, analogous to blood in vertebrates. Hemolymph coagulation, similar to blood clotting in vertebrates, plays a crucial role in wound healing and innate immune responses. Despite extensive studies on the clotting process in crustaceans, no comparative quantitative analysis of the protein composition of non-clotted and clotted hemolymph in any decapod has been reported. In this study, we used label-free protein quantification with high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify the proteomic profile of hemolymph in crayfish and quantify significant changes in protein abundances between non-clotted and clotted hemolymph. Our analysis identified a total of two-hundred and nineteen proteins in both hemolymph groups. Furthermore, we discussed the potential functions of the top most high and low-abundant proteins in hemolymph proteomic profile. The quantity of most of the proteins was not significantly changed during coagulation between non-clotted and clotted hemolymph, which may indicate that clotting proteins are likely pre-synthesized, allowing for a swift coagulation response to injury. Four proteins still showed abundance differences (p < 0.05, fold change>2), including C-type lectin domain-containing proteins, Laminin A chain, Tropomyosin, and Reverse transcriptase domain-containing proteins. While the first three proteins were down-regulated, the last one was up-regulated. The down-regulation of structural and cytoskeletal proteins may affect the process of hemocyte degranulation needed for coagulation, while the up-regulation of an immune-related protein might be attributed to the phagocytosis ability of viable hemocytes during coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayatullah Mengal
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Golara Kor
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Siino
- Lund University, Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village, House 406, 22387, Lund, Sweden
| | - Miloš Buřič
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Lund University, Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village, House 406, 22387, Lund, Sweden; National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, 223 87, Sweden
| | - Hamid Niksirat
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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Jemec Kokalj A, Leonardi A, Perc V, Dolar A, Drobne D, Križaj I. Proteomics of the haemolymph of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber reveals components of its innate immunity under baseline conditions. Biochimie 2023; 213:12-21. [PMID: 37187404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber is an established test organism in environmental research. We analysed the haemolymph proteome of P. scaber using a classical proteomic approach based on one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. Using a publicly available protein database and our P. scaber transcriptome data, we have identified 76 proteins involved in cytoskeleton formation, protein degradation, vesicular transport, genetic information processing, detoxification, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism reflecting haemocyte metabolic activity, active intracellular transport, and intercellular communication. Compared with the data reported for other crustaceans, 28 of these P. scaber proteins have been linked to its immunity, among them hemocyanin, α-2-macroglobulin, phenoloxidase 3, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, haemolymph clottable protein, and histones H4 and H2B. Our results thus provide a firm base for studying the innate immune response of P. scaber at the level of the haemolymph proteome. This knowledge is of particular importance in ecotoxicity studies with various environmental stressors where understanding physiological changes is important to reveal possible modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Adrijana Leonardi
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valentina Perc
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhang N, Pan L, Liao Q, Tong R, Li Y. Potential molecular mechanism underlying the harmed haemopoiesis upon Benzo[a]pyrene exposure in Chlamys farreri. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109032. [PMID: 37640119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a ubiquitous contamination in the marine environments, has the potential to impact the immune response of bivalves by affecting the hemocyte parameters, especially total hemocyte count (THC). THC is mainly determined by haematopoietic mechanisms and apoptosis of hemocytes. Many studies have found that B[a]P can influence the proliferation and differentiation of hemocytes. However, the link between the toxic mechanisms of haematopoietic and environmental pollutants is not explicitly stated. This study is to investigate the toxic effects of B[a]P on haematopoietic mechanisms in C. farreri. Through the tissue expression distribution experiment and EDU assay, gill is identified as a potential haematopoietic tissue in C. farreri. Subsequently, the scallops were exposed to B[a]P (0.05, 0.5, 5 μg/L) for 1d, 3d, 6d, 10d and 15d. Then BPDE content, DNA damage, gene expression of haematopoietic factors and haematopoietic related pathways were determined in gill and hemocytes. The results showed that the expression of CDK2 was significantly decreased under B[a]P exposure through three pathways: RYR/IP3-calcium, BPDE-CHK1 and Notch pathway, resulting in cell cycle arrest. In addition, B[a]P also significantly reduced the number of proliferating hemocytes by affecting the Wnt pathway. Meanwhile, B[a]P can significantly increase the content of ROS, causing a downregulation of FOXO gene expression. The gene expression of Notch pathway and ERK pathway was also detected. The present study suggested that B[a]P disturbed differentiation by multiple pathways. Furthermore, the expression of SOX11 and CD9 were significantly decreased, which directly indicated that differentiation of hemocytes was disturbed. In addition, phagocytosis, phenoloxidase activity and THC were also significant decreased. In summary, the impairment of haematopoietic activity in C. farreri further causes immunotoxicity under B[a]P exposure. This study will improve our understanding of the immunotoxicity mechanism of bivalve under B[a]P exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Qilong Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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8
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Carella F, Palić D, Šarić T, Župan I, Gorgoglione B, Prado P, Andree KB, Giantsis IA, Michaelidis B, Lattos A, Theodorou JA, Luis Barja Perez J, Rodriguez S, Scarpa F, Casu M, Antuofermo E, Sanna D, Otranto D, Panarese R, Iaria C, Marino F, Vico GD. Multipathogen infections and multifactorial pathogenesis involved in noble pen shell ( Pinna nobilis) mass mortality events: Background and current pathologic approaches. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:560-577. [PMID: 37458195 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231186737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks in several ecologically or commercially important invertebrate marine species have been reported in recent years all over the world. Mass mortality events (MMEs) have affected the noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis), causing its near extinction. Our knowledge of the dynamics of diseases affecting this species is still unclear. Early studies investigating the causative etiological agent focused on a novel protozoan parasite, Haplosporidium pinnae, although further investigations suggested that concurrent polymicrobial infections could have been pivotal in some MMEs, even in the absence of H. pinnae. Indeed, moribund specimens collected during MMEs in Italy, Greece, and Spain demonstrated the presence of a bacteria from within the Mycobacterium simiae complex and, in some cases, species similar to Vibrio mediterranei. The diagnostic processes used for investigation of MMEs are still not standardized and require the expertise of veterinary and para-veterinary pathologists, who could simultaneously evaluate a variety of factors, from clinical signs to environmental conditions. Here, we review the available literature on mortality events in P. nobilis and discuss approaches to define MMEs in P. nobilis. The proposed consensus approach should form the basis for establishing a foundation for future studies aimed at preserving populations in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dušan Palić
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Rodriguez
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Otranto
- University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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9
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Guillén-Watson R, Arias-Andres M, Rojas-Jimenez K, Wehrtmann IS. Microplastics in feed cause sublethal changes in the intestinal microbiota and a non-specific immune response indicator of the freshwater crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197312. [PMID: 37533827 PMCID: PMC10390773 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are a hazardous pollutant of global concern that threatens aquatic ecosystems and public health. We used the invasive, cosmopolitan, and environmentally versatile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii as a model to study the effects of MP on the intestinal microbiome. Crayfish collected from the environment were compared with specimens exposed to recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) MP in feed (30%) for 96 h in the laboratory and a control group. We analyzed the 16S rRNA of the intestinal bacteria by PCR-DGGE and high-throughput sequencing. MP exposure caused dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, with an increase in Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. We detected higher abundance of opportunistic genera such as Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Hydromonas, Pseudomonas, Gemmobacter, and Enterobacter on MP fed organisms. Moreover, MP exposure reduced the abundance of Clostridia and Bateroidetes, which are important for immune system development and pathogen prevention. Furthermore, MP exposure decreased the phenoloxidase (PO) immune response in crayfish. There was a significant difference in the richness of intestinal bacterial communities after consumption of food contaminated with MP, likely increasing the abundance of opportunistic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota. Our results suggest that MP alter the gut microbial composition and impair the health of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossy Guillén-Watson
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Maria Arias-Andres
- Laboratorio ECOTOX, Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Ingo S. Wehrtmann
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Huang D, Guo Y, Li X, Pan M, Liu J, Zhang W, Mai K. Vitamin D 3/VDR inhibits inflammation through NF-κB pathway accompanied by resisting apoptosis and inducing autophagy in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:885-906. [PMID: 34637036 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is believed to be a contributing factor to innate immunity. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has a positive effect on inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, particularly in mollusks. Consequently, this study will investigate the process of vitamin D3/VDR regulating NF-κB pathway and further explore their functions on inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Results showed that knockdown of VDR by using siRNA and dsRNA of VDR in vitro and in vivo led to more intense response of NF-κB signaling to lipopolysaccharide and higher level of apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation after VDR silencing could partially alleviate apoptosis and induce autophagy. Overexpression of VDR restricted the K48-polyubiquitin chain-dependent inhibitor of κB (IκB) ubiquitination and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) oligomerization. Besides, VDR silencing resulted in increase of ASC speck formation. In further mechanistic studies, we showed that VDR can directly bind to IκB and IKK1 in vitro and in vivo. In the feeding trial, H&E staining, TUNEL, and electron microscope results showed that vitamin D3 deficiency (0 IU/kg) could recruit more basophilic cells and increase more TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells and lipid droplets (LDs) than vitamin D3 supplement (1000 IU/kg and 5000 IU/kg). In summary, abalone VDR plays a negative regulator role in NF-κB-mediated inflammation via interacting with IκB and inhibiting ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IκB. Vitamin D3 in combination with VDR is essential to establish a delicate balance between autophagy and apoptosis in response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiahuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
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11
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Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Shell disease syndromes of decapod crustaceans. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:931-947. [PMID: 36708190 PMCID: PMC10946978 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The term shell disease subsumes a number of debilitating conditions affecting the outer integument (the carapace) of decapod crustaceans, such as lobsters and crabs. Herein, we seek to find commonality in the aetiology and pathology of such conditions, and those cases that result in the progressive erosion of the cuticle through to the visceral tissues by a cocktail of microbial-derived enzymes including lipases, proteases and chitinases. Aquimarina spp. are involved in shell disease in many different crustaceans across a wide geographical area, but the overall view is that the condition is polymicrobial in nature leading to dysbiosis within the microbial consortium of the damaged cuticle. The role of environment, decapod behaviour and physiology in triggering this disease is also reviewed. Finally, we provide a conceptual model for disease aetiology and suggest several avenues for future research that could improve our understanding of how such factors trigger, or exacerbate, this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and EngineeringSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural SciencesZoology, Ryan InstituteSchool of Natural Sciences, University of GalwayGalwayIreland
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12
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Monteiro M, de Castro SLP, Marques SC, Freitas R, Azeiteiro UM. An emergent treat: Marine heatwaves - Implications for marine decapod crustacean species - An overview. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:116004. [PMID: 37116673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic-mediated climate change severely affects the oceans. The most common definition of a Marine heatwave (MHW) considers that water temperatures rise above the 90th percentile threshold values, based on the last 30 years' average of temperature records for a particular location, and remains this high for five or more days. The current review addresses the evolution of definitions used, as well as the current understanding of the driving mechanisms of MHWs. The collected information shows that the study of MHW is recent and there is a growing interest among the scientific community on this topic, motivated largely by the impacts that pose to marine ecosystems. Further, a more in-depth analysis was carried out, addressing the impacts of MHW events on marine decapod crustacean species. The investigation of such impacts has been carried out using three main methodological approaches: the analysis of in situ records, observed in 33 studies; simulating MHW events through mesocosm experiments, found in 6 studies; and using computational predictive models, detected in 1 study. From the literature available it has been demonstrated that consequences are serious for these species, from altered expansion ranges to alterations of assemblages' abundances. Still, studies addressing the impacts of these extreme events on the decapod communities are scarce, often only limited to adult life forms of commercially relevant species, neglecting non-commercial ones and meroplanktonic life stages. Despite the severe impacts on the health of ecosystems, repercussions on socioeconomic human activities, like fisheries and aquaculture, are also a reality. Overall, this review aims to raise scientific and public awareness of these marine events, which are projected to increase in intensity and frequency in the coming decades. Therefore, there is a growing need to better understand and predict the mechanisms responsible for these extreme events and the impacts on key species, like decapod crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Sónia Cotrim Marques
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ulisses M Azeiteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Non-Invasive Methods for Assessing the Welfare of Farmed White-Leg Shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050807. [PMID: 36899664 PMCID: PMC10000178 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradually, concern for the welfare of aquatic invertebrates produced on a commercial/industrial scale is crossing the boundaries of science and becoming a demand of other societal actors. The objective of this paper is to propose protocols for assessing the Penaeus vannamei welfare during the stages of reproduction, larval rearing, transport, and growing-out in earthen ponds and to discuss, based on a literature review, the processes and perspectives associated with the development and application of on-farm shrimp welfare protocols. Protocols were developed based on four of the five domains of animal welfare: nutrition, environment, health, and behaviour. The indicators related to the psychology domain were not considered a separate category, and the other proposed indicators indirectly assessed this domain. For each indicator, the corresponding reference values were defined based on literature and field experience, apart from the three possible scores related to animal experience on a continuum from positive (score 1) to very negative (score 3). It is very likely that non-invasive methods for measuring the farmed shrimp welfare, such as those proposed here, will become a standard tool for farms and laboratories and that it will become increasingly challenging to produce shrimp without considering their welfare throughout the production cycle.
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Dolar A, Drobne D, Narat M, Jemec Kokalj A. Tire microplastics exposure in soil induces changes in expression profile of immune-related genes in terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120233. [PMID: 36152721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tire particles pose a potential threat to terrestrial organisms because they are deposited in large quantities in the soil by tire wear abrasion, and moreover their chemical complexity poses an additional risk. Microplastics can affect several physiological processes in organisms, including those related to immunity. Therefore, we investigated the expression profile of selected immune-related genes (MnSod, Manganese Superoxide dismutase; Cat, Catalase; CypG, Cyclophilin G; Nos, Nitric oxide synthase; Ppae2a, Prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme 2a; Dscam, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule; Myd88, Myeloid-differentiation factor 88; Toll4, Toll-like receptor 4; Mas-like, Masquerade-like protein) in haemocytes and the digestive gland hepatopancreas of terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber after two different time exposures (4 and 14 days) to tire particles in soil. Our results reveal for the first time the response of P. scaber after microplastic exposure at the transcriptome level. We observed time- and tissue-dependent changes in the expression of the analysed genes, with more pronounced alterations in haemocytes after 14 days of exposure. Some minor changes were also observed in hepatopancreas after 4 days. Changes in the expression profile of the analysed genes are a direct indication of a modulated immune status of the test organism, which, however, does not represent an adverse effect on the test organism under the given conditions. Nevertheless, the question remains whether the observed change in immune status affects the immunocompetence of the test organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Narat
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Bautista-Covarrubias JC, Valdez-Soto IE, Aguilar-Juárez M, Arreola-Hernández JO, Soto-Jiménez MF, Soto-Rodríguez SA, López-Sánchez JA, Osuna-Martínez CC, Frías-Espericueta MG. Cadmium and copper mixture effects on immunological response and susceptibility to Vibrio harveyi in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:145-151. [PMID: 36055556 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+) and copper (Cu2+) are considered immunotoxic metals and their presence in combination in the aquatic environment may cause effects on shrimp species as Litopenaeus vannamei. Thus, this research evaluates the combined effects of Cd2+ and Cu2+ on shrimp inoculated with Vibrio harveyi bacteria. The experiments were performed at 96-h of exposure to sublethal concentrations of both metals. No mortality was observed in organisms exposed to the sum of Criterion of Continuous Concentration (ΣCCC) in Cd + Cu mixture and those inoculated with V. harveyi. Higher clotting times were recorded in Cd + Cu + V. harveyi treatment at higher metal concentrations. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were recorded in hemocyanin content between shrimp exposed to metals and those experimentally infected. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) total hemocyte count (THC) was recorded at 96 h exposure in the ΣCCC and 10% treatments of Cd + Cu + V. harveyi experiment. Regarding Cd + Cu + V. harveyi bioassay, the highest phenoloxidase (PO) activity was recorded in shrimp inoculated with V. harveyi (0.326 ± 0.031 PO units/mg protein) at 96-h exposure. The lowest PO activity was observed in organisms exposed to Cd + Cu + V. harveyi. Regarding superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, shrimp exposed to higher metal concentrations at 96 h showed the lowest hemolymph activity (6.03 ± 0.62 SOD units/mL). Protein decrease was observed in organisms exposed to metal mixture. The results showed that L. vannamei could be more susceptible to V. harveyi when exposed to Cd + Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bautista-Covarrubias
- Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Bahía de Matanchén. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Tepic, Nayarit, C.P., 63740, Mexico
| | - Iriana Edith Valdez-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P., 82000, Mexico
| | - Marisela Aguilar-Juárez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P., 82000, Mexico
| | | | - Martín Federico Soto-Jiménez
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM. Mazatlán Sinaloa, C.P., 82047, Mexico
| | | | - José Armando López-Sánchez
- Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Bahía de Matanchén. Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. Tepic, Nayarit, C.P., 63740, Mexico
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16
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Burnett KG, Burnett LE. Immune Defense in Hypoxic Waters: Impacts of CO 2 Acidification. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:120-133. [PMID: 36548972 DOI: 10.1086/721322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPeriodic episodes of low oxygen (hypoxia) and elevated CO2 (hypercapnia) accompanied by low pH occur naturally in estuarine environments. Under the influence of climate change, the geographic range and intensity of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia are predicted to increase, potentially jeopardizing the survival of economically and ecologically important organisms that use estuaries as habitat and nursery grounds. In this review we synthesize data from published studies that evaluate the impact of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia on the ability of crustaceans and bivalve molluscs to defend themselves against potential microbial pathogens. Available data indicate that hypoxia generally has suppressive effects on host immunity against bacterial pathogens as measured by in vitro and in vivo assays. Few studies have documented the effects of hypercapnic hypoxia on crustaceans or bivalve immune defense, with a range of outcomes suggesting that added CO2 might have additive, negative, or no interactions with the effects of hypoxia alone. This synthesis points to the need for more partial pressure of O2 × low pH factorial design experiments and recommends the development of new host∶pathogen challenge models incorporating natural transmission of a wide range of viruses, bacteria, and parasites, along with novel in vivo tracking systems that better quantify how pathogens interact with their hosts in real time under laboratory and field conditions.
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17
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Campos J, Ribas F, Bio A, Freitas V, Souza AT, van der Veer HW. Sacculina carcini impact on energy content of the shore crab Carcinus maenas L. Parasitology 2022; 149:1536-1545. [PMID: 35924593 PMCID: PMC11010527 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The impact of Sacculina carcini infection on the nutritional status of the shore crab Carcinus maenas was investigated in the western Dutch Wadden Sea for a period of 20 months. About 3.3% of the population was sacculinized, i.e. externally infected with S. carcini and only 0.7% presented scars of previous infection. The results of mixed linear models showed that sacculinized and non-sacculinized crabs had similar morphometric condition, while the energy density of parasitized crabs (externa excluded) was significantly reduced by about 4.3% overall, and by up to 5.8% in crabs under 40 mm carapace width. However, when Sacculina externa was included in the energy determinations, the difference in energy density decreased to 1.2%, while total energy content of the pair infected crab-parasite including externa was 30.8% higher than non-sacculinized crabs of similar size. The total energy content of ovigerous females (eggs included) was even higher, near doubling the energy of similar-sized crabs. The same way, total energy content of Sacculina externa was about 4 times lower than total energy of egg mass. The results suggest that the rhizocephalan parasite is efficient in consuming the energy that the host may allocate for growth and maintenance, but require future studies to disentangle the impact of the degree of internal infection and the implications for the dynamics of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR-UP), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Felipe Ribas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR-UP), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Bio
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR-UP), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vânia Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR-UP), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Allan T. Souza
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Henk W. van der Veer
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
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Woods HA, Moran AL, Atkinson D, Audzijonyte A, Berenbrink M, Borges FO, Burnett KG, Burnett LE, Coates CJ, Collin R, Costa-Paiva EM, Duncan MI, Ern R, Laetz EMJ, Levin LA, Lindmark M, Lucey NM, McCormick LR, Pierson JJ, Rosa R, Roman MR, Sampaio E, Schulte PM, Sperling EA, Walczyńska A, Verberk WCEP. Integrative Approaches to Understanding Organismal Responses to Aquatic Deoxygenation. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:85-103. [PMID: 36548975 DOI: 10.1086/722899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOxygen bioavailability is declining in aquatic systems worldwide as a result of climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. For aquatic organisms, the consequences are poorly known but are likely to reflect both direct effects of declining oxygen bioavailability and interactions between oxygen and other stressors, including two-warming and acidification-that have received substantial attention in recent decades and that typically accompany oxygen changes. Drawing on the collected papers in this symposium volume ("An Oxygen Perspective on Climate Change"), we outline the causes and consequences of declining oxygen bioavailability. First, we discuss the scope of natural and predicted anthropogenic changes in aquatic oxygen levels. Although modern organisms are the result of long evolutionary histories during which they were exposed to natural oxygen regimes, anthropogenic change is now exposing them to more extreme conditions and novel combinations of low oxygen with other stressors. Second, we identify behavioral and physiological mechanisms that underlie the interactive effects of oxygen with other stressors, and we assess the range of potential organismal responses to oxygen limitation that occur across levels of biological organization and over multiple timescales. We argue that metabolism and energetics provide a powerful and unifying framework for understanding organism-oxygen interactions. Third, we conclude by outlining a set of approaches for maximizing the effectiveness of future work, including focusing on long-term experiments using biologically realistic variation in experimental factors and taking truly cross-disciplinary and integrative approaches to understanding and predicting future effects.
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19
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Yang W, Jannatun N, Zeng Y, Liu T, Zhang G, Chen C, Li Y. Impacts of microplastics on immunity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:956885. [PMID: 36238600 PMCID: PMC9552327 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.956885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most disposable plastic products are degraded slowly in the natural environment and continually turned to microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), posing additional environmental hazards. The toxicological assessment of MPs for marine organisms and mammals has been reported. Thus, there is an urgent need to be aware of the harm of MPs to the human immune system and more studies about immunological assessments. This review focuses on how MPs are produced and how they may interact with the environment and our body, particularly their immune responses and immunotoxicity. MPs can be taken up by cells, thus disrupting the intracellular signaling pathways, altering the immune homeostasis and finally causing damage to tissues and organs. The generation of reactive oxygen species is the mainly toxicological mechanisms after MP exposure, which may further induce the production of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and associate with the processes of toll-like receptors (TLRs) disruption, cytokine production, and inflammatory responses in immune cells. MPs effectively interact with cell membranes or intracellular proteins to form a protein-corona, and combine with external pollutants, chemicals, and pathogens to induce greater toxicity and strong adverse effects. A comprehensive research on the immunotoxicity effects and mechanisms of MPs, including various chemical compositions, shapes, sizes, combined exposure and concentrations, is worth to be studied. Therefore, it is urgently needed to further elucidate the immunological hazards and risks of humans that exposed to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nahar Jannatun
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqiao Zeng
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nano Safety, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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20
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An J, Cao X, Feng M, Hu B, Wu J, Gang Y, Jian S, Wen C. MAPK/MAK/MRK overlapping kinase mediated apoptosis through caspase signaling pathway from Cristaria plicata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104427. [PMID: 35460761 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MAPK/MAK/MRK Overlapping Kinase (MOK) belongs to MAP kinase superfamily, which plays an important role in regulating cell growth, division, and differentiation. Caspase-3, as the final executor of apoptosis, has an important position in the caspase-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. The full-length cDNA of MOK and caspase-3 were cloned from Cristaria plicata (designated CpMOK and CpCaspase-3). The CpMOK gene was sequence with a full-length of 1413 bp, encoding a total of 470 amino acids, and containing an S_TKc structural domain. CpCaspase-3 has a sequence of 2425 bp, encoding 322 amino acids, containing a CASc domain. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that CpMOK and CpCaspase-3 distributed in various tissues of C. plicata, and the highest expression of CpMOK and CpCaspase-3 mRNA was in hepatopancreas. The expression of CpMOK was significantly changed in hepatopancreas, gills, and kidneys by the construction of wound model as well as stimulation of LPS, PGN, Poly I: C and Aeromonas hydrophila. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that CpMOK was localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of CpMOK was constructed for interference experiment, and the results showed that the mRNA expression of apoptotic gene signals caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were increased. The expression of caspase-1, -3, -7, -9, cytochrome C (Cyt-c) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected by ELISA. Fluorescent staining of apoptotic cells using the Tunnel method revealed an increase in the number of apoptotic cells after interference. These results suggested that CpMOK knockdown could induce caspase-mediated apoptosis in C. plicata, and the phosphorylation of the kinase was disrupted during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua An
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Xinying Cao
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Maolin Feng
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Jielian Wu
- Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 11318, China
| | - Yang Gang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330031, China.
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Dolar A, Jemec Kokalj A, Drobne D. Time-Course of the Innate Immune Response of the Terrestrial Crustacean Porcellio scaber After Injection of a Single Dose of Lipopolysaccharide. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867077. [PMID: 35592321 PMCID: PMC9110979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates, including crustaceans, rely on cellular and humoral immune responses to protect against extrinsic and intrinsic factors that threaten their integrity. Recently, different immune parameters have been increasingly used as biomarkers of effects of pollutants and environmental change. Here, we describe the dynamics of the innate immune response of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber to injection of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important molecular surface component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim was to provide a basis for interpretation of change in immune parameters as a result of different challenges, including microplastics and nanoplastics exposure. Changes in total and differential numbers of hemocytes, hemocyte viability, and humoral immune parameters (i.e., phenoloxidase-like activity, nitric oxide levels) were assessed at different times (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h). An injection of 0.5 μg/μL LPS into the body of P. scaber resulted in a rapid decrease (3 h after LPS injection) in the total number of hemocytes and reduced viability of the hemocytes. This was accompanied by changed proportions of the different hemocyte types, as a decrease in the numbers of semigranulocytes and granulocytes, and a marked increase in the numbers of hyalinocytes. In addition, phenoloxidase-like activity and nitric oxide levels in the hemolymph were increased at 3 h and 6 h, respectively, after the LPS challenge. Forty-eight hours after LPS injection, the immune parameters in the hemolymph of P. scaber had returned to those before the LPS challenge. This suggests that the innate immune system successfully protected P. scaber from the deleterious effects of the LPS challenge. These data indicate the need to consider the dynamics of innate immune responses of P. scaber when effects of infections, pollutants, or environmental changes are studied. We also propose an approach to test the immunocompetence of organisms after different challenges in ecotoxicity studies, based on the dynamics of their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Subash P, Uma A, Ahilan B. Early responses in Penaeus vannamei during experimental infection with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) spores by injection and oral routes. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107740. [PMID: 35257718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis caused by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is associated with severe production losses in Penaeus vannamei farming. Early responses in P. vannamei experimentally infected with EHP was assessed in this study by feeding infected hepatopancreatic tissue and by injecting purified EHP spores (∼1 × 105 Spores/shrimp). Immune responses to EHP infection were assessed in the haemolymph by analysing the total haemocyte count (THC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, prophenoloxidase activity (proPO), respiratory burst activity (RBA), catalase activity (CAT), lysozyme activity (LYS) and Toll gene expression in hepatopancreas at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post-infection (hpi). Experimental infection with EHP resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the immune parameters such THC, CAT and LYS at 6, 24 and 24 hpi respectively while there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of SOD, proPO and RBA at 6 hpi. The expression of the Toll gene was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) after experimental infection with EHP from 6 hpi. These findings on immune responses in P. vannamei during EHP infection will assist in the development of suitable management measures to reduce the negative impacts of EHP in P. vannamei farming. This is the first report on early responses in P. vannamei during EHP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Subash
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri 601204, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Uma
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri 601204, Tamil Nadu, India; State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Madhavaram milk colony 600051, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Baboonsundaram Ahilan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri 601204, Tamil Nadu, India
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Davies CE, Thomas JE, Malkin SH, Batista FM, Rowley AF, Coates CJ. Hematodinium sp. infection does not drive collateral disease contraction in a crustacean host. eLife 2022; 11:70356. [PMID: 35179494 PMCID: PMC8856654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Host, pathogen, and environment are determinants of the disease triangle, the latter being a key driver of disease outcomes and persistence within a community. The dinoflagellate genus Hematodinium is detrimental to crustaceans globally - considered to suppress the innate defences of hosts, making them more susceptible to co-infections. Evidence supporting immune suppression is largely anecdotal and sourced from diffuse accounts of compromised decapods. We used a population of shore crabs (Carcinus maenas), where Hematodinium sp. is endemic, to determine the extent of collateral infections across two distinct environments (open-water, semi-closed dock). Using a multi-resource approach (PCR, histology, haematology, population genetics, eDNA), we identified 162 Hematodinium-positive crabs and size/sex-matched these to 162 Hematodinium-free crabs out of 1191 analysed. Crabs were interrogated for known additional disease-causing agents; haplosporidians, microsporidians, mikrocytids, Vibrio spp., fungi, Sacculina, trematodes, and haemolymph bacterial loads. We found no significant differences in occurrence, severity, or composition of collateral infections between Hematodinium-positive and Hematodinium-free crabs at either site, but crucially, we recorded site-restricted blends of pathogens. We found no gross signs of host cell immune reactivity towards Hematodinium in the presence or absence of other pathogens. We contend Hematodinium sp. is not the proximal driver of co-infections in shore crabs, which suggests an evolutionary drive towards latency in this environmentally plastic host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Davies
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica E Thomas
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie H Malkin
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Frederico M Batista
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom.,Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew F Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Emery H, Traves W, Rowley AF, Coates CJ. The diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning toxin, okadaic acid, provokes gastropathy, dysbiosis and susceptibility to bacterial infection in a non-rodent bioassay, Galleria mellonella. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3361-3376. [PMID: 34374792 PMCID: PMC8448676 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning (DSP) toxins such as okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins harm the human gastrointestinal tract, and therefore, their levels are regulated to an upper limit of 160 μg per kg tissue to protect consumers. Rodents are used routinely for risk assessment and studies concerning mechanisms of toxicity, but there is a general move toward reducing and replacing vertebrates for these bioassays. We have adopted insect larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as a surrogate toxicology model. We treated larvae with environmentally relevant doses of okadaic acid (80–400 μg/kg) via intrahaemocoelic injection or gavage to determine marine toxin-related health decline: (1) whether pre-exposure to a sub-lethal dose of toxin (80 μg/kg) enhances susceptibility to bacterial infection, or (2) alters tissue pathology and bacterial community (microbiome) composition of the midgut. A sub-lethal dose of okadaic acid (80 μg/kg) followed 24 h later by bacterial inoculation (2 × 105Escherichia coli) reduced larval survival levels to 47%, when compared to toxin (90%) or microbial challenge (73%) alone. Histological analysis of the midgut depicted varying levels of tissue disruption, including nuclear aberrations associated with cell death (karyorrhexis, pyknosis), loss of organ architecture, and gross epithelial displacement into the lumen. Moreover, okadaic acid presence in the midgut coincided with a shift in the resident bacterial population over time in that substantial reductions in diversity (Shannon) and richness (Chao-1) indices were observed at 240 μg toxin per kg. Okadaic acid-induced deterioration of the insect alimentary canal resembles those changes reported for rodent bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Emery
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - William Traves
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Andrew F Rowley
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
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