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Blanchon C, Toulza E, Calvayrac C, Eichendorff S, Travers MA, Vidal-Dupiol J, Montagnani C, Escoubas JM, Stavrakakis C, Plantard G. Inactivation of two oyster pathogens by photocatalysis and monitoring of changes in the microbiota of seawater: A case study on Ostreid herpes virus 1 μVar and Vibrio harveyi. Chemosphere 2024; 346:140565. [PMID: 38303385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The pollution of seawater by both biotic (bacteria, viruses) and abiotic contaminants (biocides, pharmaceutical residues) frequently leads to economic losses in aquaculture activities mostly mortality events caused by microbial infection. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) such as heterogeneous photocatalysis allow the removal of all organic contaminants present in water and therefore could reduce production losses in land-based farms. Oysters in land-based farms such as hatcheries and nurseries suffer from a large number of mortality events, resulting in significant losses. If photocatalysis has been widely studied for the decontamination, its application for disinfection is still overlooked, especially on seawater for viruses. We therefore studied seawater disinfection using the photocatalysis (UV365/TiO2) method in the context of Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS). POMS has been defined as a polymicrobial disease involving an initial viral infection with Ostreid Herpes Virus 1, accompanied by multiple bacterial infections. We investigated the impact of treatment on Vibrio harveyi, a unique opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, and on a complex microbial community reflecting a natural POMS event. Viral inactivation was monitored using experimental infections to determine whether viral particles were still infectious after. Changes in the total bacterial community in seawater were studied by comparing UV365/TiO2 treatment with UV365-irradiated seawater and untreated seawater. In the case of OsHV-1, a 2-h photocatalytic treatment prevents POMS disease and oyster mortality. The same treatment also inactivates 80% of viable Vibrio harveyi culture (c.a. 1.5 log). Since OsHV-1 and Vibrio harveyi are effectively inactivated without long-term destabilization of the total bacterial microbiota in the seawater, photocatalysis appears to be a relevant alternative for disinfecting seawater in land-based oyster beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Blanchon
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France; Biocapteurs Analyses Environnement, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66000, Perpignan, France; Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France; PROMES-CNRS UPR 8521, Process Material and Solar Energy, Rambla de la Thermodynamique, 66100, Perpignan, France
| | - Eve Toulza
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
| | - Christophe Calvayrac
- Biocapteurs Analyses Environnement, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66000, Perpignan, France; Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 66650, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - Stanislawa Eichendorff
- PROMES-CNRS UPR 8521, Process Material and Solar Energy, Rambla de la Thermodynamique, 66100, Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Gaël Plantard
- PROMES-CNRS UPR 8521, Process Material and Solar Energy, Rambla de la Thermodynamique, 66100, Perpignan, France
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2
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Oyanedel D, Lagorce A, Bruto M, Haffner P, Morot A, Labreuche Y, Dorant Y, de La Forest Divonne S, Delavat F, Inguimbert N, Montagnani C, Morga B, Toulza E, Chaparro C, Escoubas JM, Gueguen Y, Vidal-Dupiol J, de Lorgeril J, Petton B, Degremont L, Tourbiez D, Pimparé LL, Leroy M, Romatif O, Pouzadoux J, Mitta G, Le Roux F, Charrière GM, Travers MA, Destoumieux-Garzón D. Cooperation and cheating orchestrate Vibrio assemblages and polymicrobial synergy in oysters infected with OsHV-1 virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305195120. [PMID: 37751557 PMCID: PMC10556616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305195120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial infections threaten the health of humans and animals but remain understudied in natural systems. We recently described the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial disease affecting oyster production worldwide. In the French Atlantic coast, the disease involves coinfection with ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and virulent Vibrio. However, it is unknown whether consistent Vibrio populations are associated with POMS in different regions, how Vibrio contribute to POMS, and how they interact with OsHV-1 during pathogenesis. By connecting field-based approaches in a Mediterranean ecosystem, laboratory infection assays and functional genomics, we uncovered a web of interdependencies that shape the structure and function of the POMS pathobiota. We show that Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio rotiferianus are predominant in OsHV-1-diseased oysters and that OsHV-1 drives the partition of the Vibrio community observed in the field. However only V. harveyi synergizes with OsHV-1 by promoting mutual growth and accelerating oyster death. V. harveyi shows high-virulence potential and dampens oyster cellular defenses through a type 3 secretion system, making oysters a more favorable niche for microbe colonization. In addition, V. harveyi produces a key siderophore called vibrioferrin. This important resource promotes the growth of V. rotiferianus, which cooccurs with V. harveyi in diseased oysters, and behaves as a cheater by benefiting from V. harveyi metabolite sharing. Our data show that cooperative behaviors contribute to synergy between bacterial and viral coinfecting partners. Additional cheating behaviors further shape the polymicrobial consortium. Controlling cooperative behaviors or countering their effects opens avenues for mitigating polymicrobial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oyanedel
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Arnaud Lagorce
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Maxime Bruto
- Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, PlouzanéF-29280, France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, RoscoffF-29680, France
| | - Philippe Haffner
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Amandine Morot
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Ifremer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR), Plouzané,F-29280, France
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université Bretagne Sud, EMR CNRS 6076, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, LorientF-56100, France
| | - Yannick Labreuche
- Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, PlouzanéF-29280, France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, RoscoffF-29680, France
| | - Yann Dorant
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Sébastien de La Forest Divonne
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - François Delavat
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Unité en Sciences Biologiques et Biotechnologies (US2B), UMR6286, Nantes,F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Inguimbert
- Centre de Recherches Insulaires et OBservatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), UAR3278, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, PerpignanF-66860, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, Adaptation Santé des invertébrés Marins (ASIM), La TrembladeF-17390, France
| | - Eve Toulza
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
- MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC) Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, SèteF-34200, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Julien de Lorgeril
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, ENTROPIE, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie,F-98800, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, PlouzanéF-29280, France
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Ifremer, Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR), Plouzané,F-29280, France
| | - Lionel Degremont
- Ifremer, Adaptation Santé des invertébrés Marins (ASIM), La TrembladeF-17390, France
| | - Delphine Tourbiez
- Ifremer, Adaptation Santé des invertébrés Marins (ASIM), La TrembladeF-17390, France
| | - Léa-Lou Pimparé
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Marc Leroy
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Océane Romatif
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Juliette Pouzadoux
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
- Ifremer, Université de Polynésie Française, IRD, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), VairaoF-98719, Polynésie Française
| | - Frédérique Le Roux
- Ifremer, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, PlouzanéF-29280, France
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, UMR8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, RoscoffF-29680, France
| | - Guillaume M. Charrière
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements (IHPE), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, MontpellierF-34090, France
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3
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Burioli EAV, Hammel M, Vignal E, Vidal-Dupiol J, Mitta G, Thomas F, Bierne N, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Charrière GM. Transcriptomics of mussel transmissible cancer MtrBTN2 suggests accumulation of multiple cancer traits and oncogenic pathways shared among bilaterians. Open Biol 2023; 13:230259. [PMID: 37816387 PMCID: PMC10564563 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible cancer cell lines are rare biological entities giving rise to diseases at the crossroads of cancer and parasitic diseases. These malignant cells have acquired the amazing capacity to spread from host to host. They have been described only in dogs, Tasmanian devils and marine bivalves. The Mytilus trossulus bivalve transmissible neoplasia 2 (MtrBTN2) lineage has even acquired the capacity to spread inter-specifically between marine mussels of the Mytilus edulis complex worldwide. To identify the oncogenic processes underpinning the biology of these atypical cancers we performed transcriptomics of MtrBTN2 cells. Differential expression, enrichment, protein-protein interaction network, and targeted analyses were used. Overall, our results suggest the accumulation of multiple cancerous traits that may be linked to the long-term evolution of MtrBTN2. We also highlight that vertebrate and lophotrochozoan cancers could share a large panel of common drivers, which supports the hypothesis of an ancient origin of oncogenic processes in bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A V Burioli
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - M Hammel
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - E Vignal
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - J Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - G Mitta
- IFREMER, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, Tahiti, Polynésie française
| | - F Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - D Destoumieux-Garzón
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - G M Charrière
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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4
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Gawra J, Valdivieso A, Roux F, Laporte M, de Lorgeril J, Gueguen Y, Saccas M, Escoubas JM, Montagnani C, Destoumieux-Garzόn D, Lagarde F, Leroy MA, Haffner P, Petton B, Cosseau C, Morga B, Dégremont L, Mitta G, Grunau C, Vidal-Dupiol J. Epigenetic variations are more substantial than genetic variations in rapid adaptation of oyster to Pacific oyster mortality syndrome. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh8990. [PMID: 37683000 PMCID: PMC10491289 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh8990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Disease emergence is accelerating with global changes. Understanding by which mechanisms host populations can rapidly adapt will be crucial for management practices. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS) imposes a substantial and recurrent selective pressure on oyster populations, and rapid adaptation may arise through genetics and epigenetics. In this study, we used (epi)genome-wide association mapping to show that oysters differentially exposed to POMS displayed genetic and epigenetic signatures of selection. Consistent with higher resistance to POMS, the genes targeted included many genes in several pathways related to immunity. By combining correlation, DNA methylation quantitative trait loci, and variance partitioning, we revealed that a third of phenotypic variation was explained by interactions between the genetic and epigenetic information, ~14% by the genome, and up to 25% by the epigenome alone. Similar to genetically based adaptation, epigenetic mechanisms notably governing immune responses can contribute substantially to the rapid adaptation of hosts to emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janan Gawra
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Alejandro Valdivieso
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Roux
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Martin Laporte
- Division de l'expertise sur la faune Aquatique, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP), 880 chemin Sainte-Foy, G1S 4X4 Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien de Lorgeril
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
- Ifremer, IRD, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Université de La Réunion, ENTROPIE, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Mathilde Saccas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Franck Lagarde
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Marc A. Leroy
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Haffner
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Université de Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, ASIM, Adaptation Santé des Invertébrés Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | - Lionel Dégremont
- Ifremer, ASIM, Adaptation Santé des Invertébrés Marins, La Tremblade, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
- Université de la Polynésie Française, ILM, IRD, Ifremer, F-98719 Tahiti, French Polynesia, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- IHPE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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5
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Vidal-Dupiol J, Harscouet E, Shefy D, Toulza E, Rey O, Allienne JF, Mitta G, Rinkevich B. Frontloading of stress response genes enhances robustness to environmental change in chimeric corals. BMC Biol 2022; 20:167. [PMID: 35879753 PMCID: PMC9316358 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeras are genetically mixed entities resulting from the fusion of two or more conspecifics. This phenomenon is widely distributed in nature and documented in a variety of animal and plant phyla. In corals, chimerism initiates at early ontogenic states (larvae to young spat) and results from the fusion between two or more closely settled conspecifics. When compared to genetically homogenous colonies (non-chimeras), the literature has listed ecological and evolutionary benefits for traits at the chimeric state, further positioning coral chimerism as an evolutionary rescue instrument. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this suggestion remain unknown. Results To address this question, we developed field monitoring and multi-omics approaches to compare the responses of chimeric and non-chimeric colonies acclimated for 1 year at 10-m depth or exposed to a stressful environmental change (translocation from 10- to 2-m depth for 48h). We showed that chimerism in the stony coral Stylophora pistillata is associated with higher survival over a 1-year period. Transcriptomic analyses showed that chimeras lose transcriptomic plasticity and constitutively express at higher level (frontload) genes responsive to stress. This frontloading may prepare the colony to face at any time environmental stresses which explain its higher robustness. Conclusions These results show that chimeras are environmentally robust entities with an enhanced ability to cope with environmental stress. Results further document the potential usefulness of chimeras as a novel reef restoration tool to enhance coral adaptability to environmental change, and confirm that coral chimerism can be an evolutionary rescue instrument. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01371-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France.
| | - Erwan Harscouet
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Dor Shefy
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Eilat Campus, 84105, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Israel Oceanography & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Tel Shikmona, PO Box 9753, 3109701, Haifa, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute of Eilat, P.O.B 469, 88103, Eilat, Israel
| | - Eve Toulza
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Olivier Rey
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.,Univ Polynesie Francaise, ILM, IRD, Ifremer, Tahiti, F-98719, French Polynesia, France
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanography & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Tel Shikmona, PO Box 9753, 3109701, Haifa, Israel
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6
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Duboisset J, Ferrand P, Baroni A, Grünewald TA, Dicko H, Grauby O, Vidal-Dupiol J, Saulnier D, Gilles LM, Rosenthal M, Burghammer M, Nouet J, Chevallard C, Baronnet A, Chamard V. Amorphous-to-crystal transition in the layer-by-layer growth of bivalve shell prisms. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:194-207. [PMID: 35041900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization integrates complex physical and chemical processes bio-controlled by the living organisms through ionic concentration regulation and organic molecules production. It allows tuning the structural, optical and mechanical properties of hard tissues during ambient-condition crystallisation, motivating a deeper understanding of the underlying processes. By combining state-of-the-art optical and X-ray microscopy methods, we investigated early-mineralized calcareous units from two bivalve species, Pinctada margaritifera and Pinna nobilis, revealing chemical and crystallographic structural insights. In these calcite units, we observed ring-like structural features correlated with a lack of calcite and an increase of amorphous calcium carbonate and proteins contents. The rings also correspond to a larger crystalline disorder and a larger strain level. Based on these observations, we propose a temporal biomineralization cycle, initiated by the production of an amorphous precursor layer, which further crystallizes with a transition front progressing radially from the unit centre, while the organics are expelled towards the prism edge. Simultaneously, along the shell thickness, the growth occurs following a layer-by-layer mode. These findings open biomimetic perspectives for the design of refined crystalline materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Calcareous biominerals are amongst the most present forms of biominerals. They exhibit astonishing structural, optical and mechanical properties while being formed at ambient synthesis conditions from ubiquitous ions, motivating the deep understanding of biomineralization. Here, we unveil the first formation steps involved in the biomineralization cycle of prismatic units of two bivalve species by applying a new multi-modal non-destructive characterization approach, sensitive to chemical and crystalline properties. The observations of structural features in mineralized units of different ages allowed the derivation of a temporal sequence for prism biomineralization, involving an amorphous precursor, a radial crystallisation front and a layer-by-layer sequence. Beyond these chemical and physical findings, the herein introduced multi-modal approach is highly relevant to other biominerals and bio-inspired studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Duboisset
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Ferrand
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Arthur Baroni
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Tilman A Grünewald
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Hamadou Dicko
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Grauby
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Campus Luminy, Case 913, 13288-Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Environnement Insulaire Océanien (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 49, Vairao 98719, French Polynesia
| | - Le Moullac Gilles
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Environnement Insulaire Océanien (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 49, Vairao 98719, French Polynesia
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Julius Nouet
- GEOPS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Corinne Chevallard
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alain Baronnet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Campus Luminy, Case 913, 13288-Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Virginie Chamard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France.
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7
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Roquis D, Cosseau C, Brener Raffalli K, Romans P, Masanet P, Mitta G, Grunau C, Vidal-Dupiol J. The tropical coral Pocillopora acuta displays an unusual chromatin structure and shows histone H3 clipping plasticity upon bleaching. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:195. [PMID: 35252590 PMCID: PMC8889044 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17058.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Pocillopora acuta is a hermatypic coral with strong ecological importance. Anthropogenic disturbances and global warming are major threats that can induce coral bleaching, the disruption of the mutualistic symbiosis between the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae. Previous works have shown that somaclonal colonies display different levels of survival depending on the environmental conditions they previously faced. Epigenetic mechanisms are good candidates to explain this phenomenon. However, almost no work had been published on the
P. acuta epigenome, especially on histone modifications. In this study, we aim at providing the first insight into chromatin structure of this species. Methods: We aligned the amino acid sequence of
P. acuta core histones with histone sequences from various phyla. We developed a centri-filtration on sucrose gradient to separate chromatin from the host and the symbiont. The presence of histone H3 protein and specific histone modifications were then detected by western blot performed on histone extraction done from bleached and healthy corals. Finally, micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestions were undertaken to study nucleosomal organization. Results: The centri-filtration enabled coral chromatin isolation with less than 2% of contamination by endosymbiont material. Histone sequences alignments with other species show that
P. acuta displays on average ~90% of sequence similarities with mice and ~96% with other corals. H3 detection by western blot showed that H3 is clipped in healthy corals while it appeared to be intact in bleached corals. MNase treatment failed to provide the usual mononucleosomal digestion, a feature shared with some cnidarian, but not all; suggesting an unusual chromatin structure. Conclusions: These results provide a first insight into the chromatin, nucleosome and histone structure of
P. acuta. The unusual patterns highlighted in this study and partly shared with other cnidarian will need to be further studied to better understand its role in corals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Cosseau
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Kelly Brener Raffalli
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Romans
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Masanet
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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8
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Roquis D, Cosseau C, Brener Raffalli K, Romans P, Masanet P, Mitta G, Grunau C, Vidal-Dupiol J. The tropical coral Pocillopora acuta displays an unusual chromatin structure and shows histone H3 clipping plasticity upon bleaching. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:195. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pocillopora acuta is a hermatypic coral with strong ecological importance. Anthropogenic disturbances and global warming are major threats that can induce coral bleaching, the disruption of the mutualistic symbiosis between the coral host and its endosymbiotic algae. Previous works have shown that somaclonal colonies display different levels of survival depending on the environmental conditions they previously faced. Epigenetic mechanisms are good candidates to explain this phenomenon. However, almost no work had been published on the P. acuta epigenome, especially on histone modifications. In this study, we aim at providing the first insight into chromatin structure of this species. Methods: We aligned the amino acid sequence of P. acuta core histones with histone sequences from various phyla. We developed a centri-filtration on sucrose gradient to separate chromatin from the host and the symbiont. The presence of histone H3 protein and specific histone modifications were then detected by western blot performed on histone extraction done from bleached and healthy corals. Finally, micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestions were undertaken to study nucleosomal organization. Results: The centri-filtration enabled coral chromatin isolation with less than 2% of contamination by endosymbiont material. Histone sequences alignments with other species show that P. acuta displays on average ~90% of sequence similarities with mice and ~96% with other corals. H3 detection by western blot showed that H3 is clipped in healthy corals while it appeared to be intact in bleached corals. MNase treatment failed to provide the usual mononucleosomal digestion, a feature shared with some cnidarian, but not all; suggesting an unusual chromatin structure. Conclusions: These results provide a first insight into the chromatin, nucleosome and histone structure of P. acuta. The unusual patterns highlighted in this study and partly shared with other cnidarian will need to be further studied to better understand its role in corals.
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9
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Brahmi C, Chapron L, Le Moullac G, Soyez C, Beliaeff B, Lazareth CE, Gaertner-Mazouni N, Vidal-Dupiol J. Effects of elevated temperature and pCO 2 on the respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology of the giant clam Tridacna maxima. Conserv Physiol 2021; 9:coab041. [PMID: 34150209 PMCID: PMC8208665 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many reef organisms, such as the giant clams, are confronted with global change effects. Abnormally high seawater temperatures can lead to mass bleaching events and subsequent mortality, while ocean acidification may impact biomineralization processes. Despite its strong ecological and socio-economic importance, its responses to these threats still need to be explored. We investigated physiological responses of 4-year-old Tridacna maxima to realistic levels of temperature (+1.5°C) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (+800 μatm of CO2) predicted for 2100 in French Polynesian lagoons during the warmer season. During a 65-day crossed-factorial experiment, individuals were exposed to two temperatures (29.2°C, 30.7°C) and two pCO2 (430 μatm, 1212 μatm) conditions. The impact of each environmental parameter and their potential synergetic effect were evaluated based on respiration, biomineralization and photophysiology. Kinetics of thermal and/or acidification stress were evaluated by performing measurements at different times of exposure (29, 41, 53, 65 days). At 30.7°C, the holobiont O2 production, symbiont photosynthetic yield and density were negatively impacted. High pCO2 had a significant negative effect on shell growth rate, symbiont photosynthetic yield and density. No significant differences of the shell microstructure were observed between control and experimental conditions in the first 29 days; however, modifications (i.e. less-cohesive lamellae) appeared from 41 days in all temperature and pCO2 conditions. No significant synergetic effect was found. Present thermal conditions (29.2°C) appeared to be sufficiently stressful to induce a host acclimatization response. All these observations indicate that temperature and pCO2 are both forcing variables affecting T. maxima's physiology and jeopardize its survival under environmental conditions predicted for the end of this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Brahmi
- Univ. Polynésie française, IFREMER, ILM, IRD, EIO UMR 241, F-98702 Faa’a, Tahiti, Polynésie française
| | - Leila Chapron
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gilles Le Moullac
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Claude Soyez
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Benoît Beliaeff
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
| | - Claire E Lazareth
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 Rue Buffon, CP53, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni
- Univ. Polynésie française, IFREMER, ILM, IRD, EIO UMR 241, F-98702 Faa’a, Tahiti, Polynésie française
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IFREMER, IRD, Institut Louis-Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, F-98719 Taravao, Tahiti, Polynésie française, France
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier France
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10
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Stenger PL, Ky CL, Reisser CMO, Cosseau C, Grunau C, Mege M, Planes S, Vidal-Dupiol J. Environmentally Driven Color Variation in the Pearl Oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus, 1758) Is Associated With Differential Methylation of CpGs in Pigment- and Biomineralization-Related Genes. Front Genet 2021; 12:630290. [PMID: 33815466 PMCID: PMC8018223 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.630290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, it is common knowledge that environmental factors can change the color of many animals. Studies have shown that the molecular mechanisms underlying such modifications could involve epigenetic factors. Since 2013, the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii has become a biological model for questions on color expression and variation in Mollusca. A previous study reported color plasticity in response to water depth variation, specifically a general darkening of the nacre color at greater depth. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this plasticity are still unknown. In this paper, we investigate the possible implication of epigenetic factors controlling shell color variation through a depth variation experiment associated with a DNA methylation study performed at the whole genome level with a constant genetic background. Our results revealed six genes presenting differentially methylated CpGs in response to the environmental change, among which four are linked to pigmentation processes or regulations (GART, ABCC1, MAPKAP1, and GRL101), especially those leading to darker phenotypes. Interestingly, the genes perlucin and MGAT1, both involved in the biomineralization process (deposition of aragonite and calcite crystals), also showed differential methylation, suggesting that a possible difference in the physical/spatial organization of the crystals could cause darkening (iridescence or transparency modification of the biomineral). These findings are of great interest for the pearl production industry, since wholly black pearls and their opposite, the palest pearls, command a higher value on several markets. They also open the route of epigenetic improvement as a new means for pearl production improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Stenger
- IFREMER, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Chin-Long Ky
- IFREMER, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline M. O. Reisser
- IFREMER, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Mickaël Mege
- IFREMER, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- IFREMER, PDG-RBE-SGMM-LGPMM, La Tremblade, France
| | - Serge Planes
- EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Labex Corail, PSL Research University, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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11
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Delmotte J, Chaparro C, Galinier R, de Lorgeril J, Petton B, Stenger PL, Vidal-Dupiol J, Destoumieux-Garzon D, Gueguen Y, Montagnani C, Escoubas JM, Mitta G. Contribution of Viral Genomic Diversity to Oyster Susceptibility in the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1579. [PMID: 32754139 PMCID: PMC7381293 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are subjected to recurrent episodes of mass mortalities that constitute a threat for the oyster industry. This mortality syndrome named “Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome” (POMS) is a polymicrobial disease whose pathogenesis is initiated by a primary infection by a variant of an Ostreid herpes virus named OsHV-1 μVar. The characterization of the OsHV-1 genome during different disease outbreaks occurring in different geographic areas has revealed the existence of a genomic diversity for OsHV-1 μVar. However, the biological significance of this diversity is still poorly understood. To go further in understanding the consequences of OsHV-1 diversity on POMS, we challenged five biparental families of oysters to two different infectious environments on the French coasts (Atlantic and Mediterranean). We observed that the susceptibility to POMS can be different among families within the same environment but also for the same family between the two environments. Viral diversity analysis revealed that Atlantic and Mediterranean POMS are caused by two distinct viral populations. Moreover, we observed that different oyster families are infected by distinct viral populations within a same infectious environment. Altogether these results suggest that the co-evolutionary processes at play between OsHV-1 μVar and oyster populations have selected a viral diversity that could facilitate the infection process and the transmission in oyster populations. These new data must be taken into account in the development of novel selective breeding programs better adapted to the oyster culture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Delmotte
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Galinier
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien de Lorgeril
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- LEMAR UMR 6539, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Stenger
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yannick Gueguen
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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12
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Horwitz R, Norin T, Watson SA, Pistevos JCA, Beldade R, Hacquart S, Gattuso JP, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Vidal-Dupiol J, Killen SS, Mills SC. Near-future ocean warming and acidification alter foraging behaviour, locomotion, and metabolic rate in a keystone marine mollusc. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5461. [PMID: 32214174 PMCID: PMC7096400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-induced changes in fitness are mediated by direct effects on physiology and behaviour, which are tightly linked. We investigated how predicted ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) affect key ecological behaviours (locomotion speed and foraging success) and metabolic rate of a keystone marine mollusc, the sea hare Stylocheilus striatus, a specialist grazer of the toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. We acclimated sea hares to OW and/or OA across three developmental stages (metamorphic, juvenile, and adult) or as adults only, and compare these to sea hares maintained under current-day conditions. Generally, locomotion speed and time to locate food were reduced ~1.5- to 2-fold when the stressors (OW or OA) were experienced in isolation, but reduced ~3-fold when combined. Decision-making was also severely altered, with correct foraging choice nearly 40% lower under combined stressors. Metabolic rate appeared to acclimate to the stressors in isolation, but was significantly elevated under combined stressors. Overall, sea hares that developed under OW and/or OA exhibited a less severe impact, indicating beneficial phenotypic plasticity. Reduced foraging success coupled with increased metabolic demands may impact fitness in this species and highlight potentially large ecological consequences under unabated OW and OA, namely in regulating toxic cyanobacteria blooms on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rael Horwitz
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France.
| | - Tommy Norin
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sue-Ann Watson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Jennifer C A Pistevos
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Ricardo Beldade
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simon Hacquart
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 chemin du Lazaret, F-06230, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Sciences Po, 27 rue Saint Guillaume, F-75007, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
- ENTROPIE IRD - Université de La Réunion - CNRS, Nouméa, 98848, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
- IFREMER, UMR 241 EIO, BP 7004, 98719, Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia
- IHPE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Shaun S Killen
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne C Mills
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
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13
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Delisle L, Pauletto M, Vidal-Dupiol J, Petton B, Bargelloni L, Montagnani C, Pernet F, Corporeau C, Fleury E. High temperature induces transcriptomic changes in Crassostrea gigas that hinders progress of Ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) and promotes survival. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb.226233. [PMID: 34005719 PMCID: PMC7578350 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Among all the environmental factors, seawater temperature plays a decisive role in triggering marine diseases. Like fever in vertebrates, high seawater temperature could modulate the host response to the pathogens in ectothermic animals. In France, massive mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas caused by the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is markedly reduced when temperatures exceed 24°C in the field. In the present study we assess how high temperature influences the host response to the pathogen by comparing transcriptomes (RNA-sequencing) during the course of experimental infection at 21°C (reference) and 29°C. We show that high temperature induced host physiological processes that are unfavorable to the viral infection. Temperature influenced the expression of transcripts related to the immune process and increased the transcription of genes related to apoptotic process, synaptic signaling, and protein processes at 29°C. Concomitantly, the expression of genes associated to catabolism, metabolites transport, macromolecules synthesis and cell growth remained low since the first stage of infection at 29°C. Moreover, viral entry into the host might have been limited at 29°C by changes in extracellular matrix composition and protein abundance. Overall, these results provide new insights into how environmental factors modulate the host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizenn Delisle
- Ifremer, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan, Via Domitia, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- Ifremer, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan, Via Domitia, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Ifremer, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Elodie Fleury
- Ifremer, Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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14
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Le Luyer J, Auffret P, Quillien V, Leclerc N, Reisser C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Ky CL. Whole transcriptome sequencing and biomineralization gene architecture associated with cultured pearl quality traits in the pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:111. [PMID: 30727965 PMCID: PMC6366105 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cultured pearls are unique gems produced by living organisms, mainly molluscs of the Pinctada genus, through the biomineralization properties of pearl sac tissue. Improvement of P. margaritifera pearl quality is one of the biggest challenges that Polynesian research has faced to date. To achieve this goal, a better understanding of the complex mechanisms related to nacre and pearl formation is essential and can now be approached through the use of massive parallel sequencing technologies. The aim of this study was to use RNA-seq to compare whole transcriptome expression of pearl sacs that had producing pearls with high and low quality. For this purpose, a comprehensive reference transcriptome of P. margaritifera was built based on multi-tissue sampling (mantle, gonad, whole animal), including different living stages (juvenile, adults) and phenotypes (colour morphotypes, sex). Results Strikingly, few genes were found to be up-regulated for high quality pearls (n = 16) compared to the up-regulated genes in low quality pearls (n = 246). Biomineralization genes up-regulated in low quality pearls were specific to prismatic and prism-nacre layers. Alternative splicing was further identified in several key biomineralization genes based on a recent P. margaritifera draft genome. Conclusion This study lifts the veil on the multi-level regulation of biomineralization genes associated with pearl quality determination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5443-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le Luyer
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - P Auffret
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - V Quillien
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - N Leclerc
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - C Reisser
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - J Vidal-Dupiol
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia.,Ifremer, UMR 5244 Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon CC 80, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - C-L Ky
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, BP 49, 98719, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
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15
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de Lorgeril J, Lucasson A, Petton B, Toulza E, Montagnani C, Clerissi C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Chaparro C, Galinier R, Escoubas JM, Haffner P, Dégremont L, Charrière GM, Lafont M, Delort A, Vergnes A, Chiarello M, Faury N, Rubio T, Leroy MA, Pérignon A, Régler D, Morga B, Alunno-Bruscia M, Boudry P, Le Roux F, Destoumieux-Garzόn D, Gueguen Y, Mitta G. Immune-suppression by OsHV-1 viral infection causes fatal bacteraemia in Pacific oysters. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4215. [PMID: 30310074 PMCID: PMC6182001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are mostly explored using reductionist approaches despite repeated evidence showing them to be strongly influenced by numerous interacting host and environmental factors. Many diseases with a complex aetiology therefore remain misunderstood. By developing a holistic approach to tackle the complexity of interactions, we decipher the complex intra-host interactions underlying Pacific oyster mortality syndrome affecting juveniles of Crassostrea gigas, the main oyster species exploited worldwide. Using experimental infections reproducing the natural route of infection and combining thorough molecular analyses of oyster families with contrasted susceptibilities, we demonstrate that the disease is caused by multiple infection with an initial and necessary step of infection of oyster haemocytes by the Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 µVar. Viral replication leads to the host entering an immune-compromised state, evolving towards subsequent bacteraemia by opportunistic bacteria. We propose the application of our integrative approach to decipher other multifactorial diseases that affect non-model species worldwide. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome is a poorly understood cause of mortality in commercially important oyster species. Here, the authors use multiple infection experiments to show that the syndrome is caused by sequential infection by herpesvirus and opportunistic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien de Lorgeril
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Aude Lucasson
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Petton
- LEMAR UMR 6539, UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, 11 presqu'île du vivier, 29840, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France
| | - Eve Toulza
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Clerissi
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Galinier
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Haffner
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Dégremont
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, Avenue du Mus de Loup, 17930, La Tremblade, France
| | - Guillaume M Charrière
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Lafont
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Abigaïl Delort
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Vergnes
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Marlène Chiarello
- Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Faury
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, Avenue du Mus de Loup, 17930, La Tremblade, France
| | - Tristan Rubio
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc A Leroy
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Adeline Pérignon
- CRCM, Comité de la Conchyliculture de Méditerranée, Quai Baptiste Guitard, 34140, Mèze, France
| | - Denis Régler
- CRCM, Comité de la Conchyliculture de Méditerranée, Quai Baptiste Guitard, 34140, Mèze, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer, Avenue du Mus de Loup, 17930, La Tremblade, France
| | - Marianne Alunno-Bruscia
- LEMAR UMR 6539, UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, 11 presqu'île du vivier, 29840, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France
| | - Pierre Boudry
- LEMAR UMR6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, ZI pointe du diable, CS 10070, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Frédérique Le Roux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, LBI2M, Ifremer, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzόn
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
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Clerissi C, Brunet S, Vidal-Dupiol J, Adjeroud M, Lepage P, Guillou L, Escoubas JM, Toulza E. Protists Within Corals: The Hidden Diversity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2043. [PMID: 30233528 PMCID: PMC6127297 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous observations suggested that microbial communities contribute to coral health and the ecological resilience of coral reefs. However, most studies of coral microbiology focused on prokaryotes and the endosymbiotic algae Symbiodinium. In contrast, knowledge concerning diversity of other protists is still lacking, possibly due to methodological constraints. As most eukaryotic DNA in coral samples was derived from hosts, protist diversity was missed in metagenome analyses. To tackle this issue, we designed blocking primers for Scleractinia sequences amplified with two primer sets that targeted variable loops of the 18S rRNA gene (18SV1V2 and 18SV4). These blocking primers were used on environmental colonies of Pocillopora damicornis sensu lato from two regions with contrasting thermal regimes (Djibouti and New Caledonia). In addition to Symbiodinium clades A/C/D, Licnophora and unidentified coccidia genera were found in many samples. In particular, coccidian sequences formed a robust monophyletic clade with other protists identified in Agaricia, Favia, Montastraea, Mycetophyllia, Porites, and Siderastrea coral colonies. Moreover, Licnophora and coccidians had different distributions between the two geographic regions. A similar pattern was observed between Symbiodinium clades C and A/D. Although we were unable to identify factors responsible for this pattern, nor were we able to confirm that these taxa were closely associated with corals, we believe that these primer sets and the associated blocking primers offer new possibilities to describe the hidden diversity of protists within different coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Clerissi
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Sébastien Brunet
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IFREMER, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE & Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Pierre Lepage
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laure Guillou
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoubas
- CNRS, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Eve Toulza
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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17
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Brener-Raffalli K, Clerissi C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Adjeroud M, Bonhomme F, Pratlong M, Aurelle D, Mitta G, Toulza E. Thermal regime and host clade, rather than geography, drive Symbiodinium and bacterial assemblages in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis sensu lato. Microbiome 2018; 6:39. [PMID: 29463295 PMCID: PMC5819220 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the term holobiont has been popularized in corals with the advent of the hologenome theory of evolution, the underlying concepts are still a matter of debate. Indeed, the relative contribution of host and environment and especially thermal regime in shaping the microbial communities should be examined carefully to evaluate the potential role of symbionts for holobiont adaptation in the context of global changes. We used the sessile, long-lived, symbiotic and environmentally sensitive reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis to address these issues. RESULTS We sampled Pocillopora damicornis colonies corresponding to two different mitochondrial lineages in different geographic areas displaying different thermal regimes: Djibouti, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Taiwan. The community composition of bacteria and the algal endosymbiont Symbiodinium were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer, ITS2, respectively. Bacterial microbiota was very diverse with high prevalence of Endozoicomonas, Arcobacter, and Acinetobacter in all samples. While Symbiodinium sub-clade C1 was dominant in Taiwan and New Caledonia, D1 was dominant in Djibouti and French Polynesia. Moreover, we also identified a high background diversity (i.e., with proportions < 1%) of A1, C3, C15, and G Symbiodinum sub-clades. Using redundancy analyses, we found that the effect of geography was very low for both communities and that host genotypes and temperatures differently influenced Symbiodinium and bacterial microbiota. Indeed, while the constraint of host haplotype was higher than temperatures on bacterial composition, we showed for the first time a strong relationship between the composition of Symbiodinium communities and minimal sea surface temperatures. CONCLUSION Because Symbiodinium assemblages are more constrained by the thermal regime than bacterial communities, we propose that their contribution to adaptive capacities of the holobiont to temperature changes might be higher than the influence of bacterial microbiota. Moreover, the link between Symbiodinium community composition and minimal temperatures suggests low relative fitness of clade D at lower temperatures. This observation is particularly relevant in the context of climate change, since corals will face increasing temperatures as well as much frequent abnormal cold episodes in some areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Brener-Raffalli
- IHPE, UMR 5244, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Camille Clerissi
- IHPE, UMR 5244, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, UMR 5244, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- ENTROPIE, UMR 9220 & Laboratoire d’Excellence CORAIL, IRD, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - François Bonhomme
- ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS, University of Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Sète, France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- IMBE, UMR 7263, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Aurelle
- IMBE, UMR 7263, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- IHPE, UMR 5244, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Eve Toulza
- IHPE, UMR 5244, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, Perpignan, France
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Destoumieux-Garzón D, Rosa RD, Schmitt P, Barreto C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Mitta G, Gueguen Y, Bachère E. Antimicrobial peptides in marine invertebrate health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0300. [PMID: 27160602 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture contributes more than one-third of the animal protein from marine sources worldwide. A significant proportion of aquaculture products are derived from marine protostomes that are commonly referred to as 'marine invertebrates'. Among them, penaeid shrimp (Ecdysozosoa, Arthropoda) and bivalve molluscs (Lophotrochozoa, Mollusca) are economically important. Mass rearing of arthropods and molluscs causes problems with pathogens in aquatic ecosystems that are exploited by humans. Remarkably, species of corals (Cnidaria) living in non-exploited ecosystems also suffer from devastating infectious diseases that display intriguing similarities with those affecting farmed animals. Infectious diseases affecting wild and farmed animals that are present in marine environments are predicted to increase in the future. This paper summarizes the role of the main pathogens and their interaction with host immunity, with a specific focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and pathogen resistance against AMPs. We provide a detailed review of penaeid shrimp AMPs and their role at the interface between the host and its resident/pathogenic microbiota. We also briefly describe the relevance of marine invertebrate AMPs in an applied context.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cairé Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- Ifremer, UMR 241 EIO, LabexCorail, BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
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Vidal-Dupiol J, Dheilly NM, Rondon R, Grunau C, Cosseau C, Smith KM, Freitag M, Adjeroud M, Mitta G. Thermal stress triggers broad Pocillopora damicornis transcriptomic remodeling, while Vibrio coralliilyticus infection induces a more targeted immuno-suppression response. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107672. [PMID: 25259845 PMCID: PMC4178034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change and its associated temperature increase has directly or indirectly changed the distributions of hosts and pathogens, and has affected host immunity, pathogen virulence and growth rates. This has resulted in increased disease in natural plant and animal populations worldwide, including scleractinian corals. While the effects of temperature increase on immunity and pathogen virulence have been clearly identified, their interaction, synergy and relative weight during pathogenesis remain poorly documented. We investigated these phenomena in the interaction between the coral Pocillopora damicornis and the bacterium Vibrio coralliilyticus, for which the infection process is temperature-dependent. We developed an experimental model that enabled unraveling the effects of thermal stress, and virulence vs. non-virulence of the bacterium. The physiological impacts of various treatments were quantified at the transcriptome level using a combination of RNA sequencing and targeted approaches. The results showed that thermal stress triggered a general weakening of the coral, making it more prone to infection, non-virulent bacterium induced an ‘efficient’ immune response, whereas virulent bacterium caused immuno-suppression in its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
| | - Rodolfo Rondon
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Reponse Immunitaire des Macroorganismes et Environnement, Ecologie des Systèmes Marins côtiers, UMR 5119 CNRS-Ifremer-UM2, Montpellier, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
| | - Kristina M. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité 227 CoRéUs2 “Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l’Indo-Pacifique”, Laboratoire d’excellence CORAIL, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- CNRS, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France
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Penin L, Vidal-Dupiol J, Adjeroud M. Response of coral assemblages to thermal stress: are bleaching intensity and spatial patterns consistent between events? Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:5031-5042. [PMID: 23054287 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mass bleaching events resulting in coral mortality are among the greatest threats to coral reefs, and are projected to increase in frequency and intensity with global warming. Achieving a better understanding of the consistency of the response of coral assemblages to thermal stress, both spatially and temporally, is essential to determine which reefs are more able to tolerate climate change. We compared variations in spatial and taxonomic patterns between two bleaching events at the scale of an island (Moorea Island, French Polynesia). Despite similar thermal stress and light conditions, bleaching intensity was significantly lower in 2007 (approximately 37 % of colonies showed signs of bleaching) than in 2002, when 55 % of the colonies bleached. Variations in the spatial patterns of bleaching intensity were consistent between the two events. Among nine sampling stations at three locations and three depths, the stations at which the bleaching response was lowest in 2002 were those that showed the lowest levels of bleaching in 2007. The taxonomic patterns of susceptibility to bleaching were also consistent between the two events. These findings have important implications for conservation because they indicate that corals are capable of acclimatization and/or adaptation and that, even at small spatial scales, some areas are consistently more susceptible to bleaching than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Penin
- Laboratoire ECOMAR, Faculté des Sciences, Université de La Réunion, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis Cedex 09, Reunion Island, France.
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Vidal-Dupiol J, Zoccola D, Tambutté E, Grunau C, Cosseau C, Smith KM, Freitag M, Dheilly NM, Allemand D, Tambutté S. Genes related to ion-transport and energy production are upregulated in response to CO2-driven pH decrease in corals: new insights from transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58652. [PMID: 23544045 PMCID: PMC3609761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the preindustrial era, the average surface ocean pH has declined by 0.1 pH units and is predicted to decline by an additional 0.3 units by the year 2100. Although subtle, this decreasing pH has profound effects on the seawater saturation state of carbonate minerals and is thus predicted to impact on calcifying organisms. Among these are the scleractinian corals, which are the main builders of tropical coral reefs. Several recent studies have evaluated the physiological impact of low pH, particularly in relation to coral growth and calcification. However, very few studies have focused on the impact of low pH at the global molecular level. In this context we investigated global transcriptomic modifications in a scleractinian coral (Pocillopora damicornis) exposed to pH 7.4 compared to pH 8.1 during a 3-week period. The RNAseq approach shows that 16% of our transcriptome was affected by the treatment with 6% of upregulations and 10% of downregulations. A more detailed analysis suggests that the downregulations are less coordinated than the upregulations and allowed the identification of several biological functions of interest. In order to better understand the links between these functions and the pH, transcript abundance of 48 candidate genes was quantified by q-RT-PCR (corals exposed at pH 7.2 and 7.8 for 3 weeks). The combined results of these two approaches suggest that pH≥7.4 induces an upregulation of genes coding for proteins involved in calcium and carbonate transport, conversion of CO2 into HCO3(-) and organic matrix that may sustain calcification. Concomitantly, genes coding for heterotrophic and autotrophic related proteins are upregulated. This can reflect that low pH may increase the coral energy requirements, leading to an increase of energetic metabolism with the mobilization of energy reserves. In addition, the uncoordinated downregulations measured can reflect a general trade-off mechanism that may enable energy reallocation.
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Vidal-Dupiol J, Ladrière O, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Sautière PE, Meistertzheim AL, Tambutté E, Tambutté S, Duval D, Fouré L, Adjeroud M, Mitta G. Innate immune responses of a scleractinian coral to vibriosis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22688-98. [PMID: 21536670 PMCID: PMC3121412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.216358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleractinian corals are the most basal eumetazoan taxon and provide the biological and physical framework for coral reefs, which are among the most diverse of all ecosystems. Over the past three decades and coincident with climate change, these phototrophic symbiotic organisms have been subject to increasingly frequent and severe diseases, which are now geographically widespread and a major threat to these ecosystems. Although coral immunity has been the subject of increasing study, the available information remains fragmentary, especially with respect to coral antimicrobial responses. In this study, we characterized damicornin from Pocillopora damicornis, the first scleractinian antimicrobial peptide (AMP) to be reported. We found that its precursor has a segmented organization comprising a signal peptide, an acidic proregion, and the C-terminal AMP. The 40-residue AMP is cationic, C-terminally amidated, and characterized by the presence of six cysteine molecules joined by three intramolecular disulfide bridges. Its cysteine array is common to another AMP and toxins from cnidarians; this suggests a common ancestor, as has been proposed for AMPs and toxins from arthropods. Damicornin was active in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Damicornin expression was studied using a combination of immunohistochemistry, reverse phase HPLC, and quantitative RT-PCR. Our data show that damicornin is constitutively transcribed in ectodermal granular cells, where it is stored, and further released in response to nonpathogenic immune challenge. Damicornin gene expression was repressed by the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. This is the first evidence of AMP gene repression in a host-Vibrio interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- From the UMR 5244, CNRS UPVD EPHE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66000 Perpignan, France
| | - Ophélie Ladrière
- the Unité d'Ecologie Marine, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et Ecotoxicologie, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre-Eric Sautière
- the Université Lille Nord de France, Université Lille 1, Sciences et Technologies, CNRS FRE 3249, IFR 147, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Eric Tambutté
- the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- the Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - David Duval
- From the UMR 5244, CNRS UPVD EPHE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66000 Perpignan, France
| | - Laurent Fouré
- the Aquarium du Cap d'Agde, 34300 Cap d'Agde, France, and
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- From the UMR 5244, CNRS UPVD EPHE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66000 Perpignan, France
- the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité 227 CoRéUs2, “Biocomplexité des Ecosystèmes Coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique,” 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- From the UMR 5244, CNRS UPVD EPHE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66000 Perpignan, France
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Vidal-Dupiol J, Ladrière O, Meistertzheim AL, Fouré L, Adjeroud M, Mitta G. Physiological responses of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis to bacterial stress from Vibrio coralliilyticus. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:1533-45. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.053165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
As the effects of climate change have become increasingly visible over the past three decades, coral reefs have suffered from a number of natural and anthropogenic disturbances that have caused a critical decline in coral populations. Among these disturbances are coral diseases, which have appeared with increasing frequency and severity, often in correlation with increases in water temperature. Although the crucial role played by Vibrio species in coral disease has been widely documented, the scientific community does not yet fully understand the infection process of Vibrio or its impact on coral physiology and immunology. Here, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic responses of a major reef-building coral, Pocillopora damicornis, when exposed to a specific pathogen (Vibrio coralliilyticus) under virulent (increasing water temperature) and non-virulent (constant low temperature) conditions. The infection process was examined by electron microscopy and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and coral health was monitored by visual observations and measurements of zooxanthellar density. The results obtained suggest that coral tissue invasion occurs upon increasing water temperature only. Transcriptomic variations were investigated using a suppression–subtractive–hybridization approach, and the expression levels of six candidate immune-related genes were examined during bacterial exposure. These genes correspond to three lectin-like molecules putatively involved in the recognition of pathogens, two metal-binding proteins putatively involved in antibacterial response and one cystein protease inhibitor. The transcription patterns of these selected genes provide new insights into the responses of coral colonies to virulent versus non-virulent bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- UMR 5244, CNRS UPVD EPHE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Ophélie Ladrière
- Unité d'écologie marine, Laboratoire d'écologie animale et écotoxicologie, Université de Liège, 15 Allée du 6 août, Bat. B6C, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne-Leila Meistertzheim
- UMR 5244, CNRS UPVD EPHE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Fouré
- Aquarium du Cap d'Agde, 11 rue des 2 frères, 34300 Cap d'Agde, France
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité 227 CoRéUs2 “Biocomplexité des écosystèmes coralliens de l'Indo-Pacifique”, bp A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- UMR 5244, CNRS UPVD EPHE, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
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Vidal-Dupiol J, Adjeroud M, Roger E, Foure L, Duval D, Mone Y, Ferrier-Pages C, Tambutte E, Tambutte S, Zoccola D, Allemand D, Mitta G. Coral bleaching under thermal stress: putative involvement of host/symbiont recognition mechanisms. BMC Physiol 2009; 9:14. [PMID: 19653882 PMCID: PMC2728513 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coral bleaching can be defined as the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae and/or their photosynthetic pigments from their cnidarian host. This major disturbance of reef ecosystems is principally induced by increases in water temperature. Since the beginning of the 1980s and the onset of global climate change, this phenomenon has been occurring at increasing rates and scales, and with increasing severity. Several studies have been undertaken in the last few years to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of coral bleaching but the jigsaw puzzle is far from being complete, especially concerning the early events leading to symbiosis breakdown. The aim of the present study was to find molecular actors involved early in the mechanism leading to symbiosis collapse. RESULTS In our experimental procedure, one set of Pocillopora damicornis nubbins was subjected to a gradual increase of water temperature from 28 degrees C to 32 degrees C over 15 days. A second control set kept at constant temperature (28 degrees C). The differentially expressed mRNA between the stressed states (sampled just before the onset of bleaching) and the non stressed states (control) were isolated by Suppression Subtractive Hybridization. Transcription rates of the most interesting genes (considering their putative function) were quantified by Q-RT-PCR, which revealed a significant decrease in transcription of two candidates six days before bleaching. RACE-PCR experiments showed that one of them (PdC-Lectin) contained a C-Type-Lectin domain specific for mannose. Immunolocalisation demonstrated that this host gene mediates molecular interactions between the host and the symbionts suggesting a putative role in zooxanthellae acquisition and/or sequestration. The second gene corresponds to a gene putatively involved in calcification processes (Pdcyst-rich). Its down-regulation could reflect a trade-off mechanism leading to the arrest of the mineralization process under stress. CONCLUSION Under thermal stress zooxanthellae photosynthesis leads to intense oxidative stress in the two partners. This endogenous stress can lead to the perception of the symbiont as a toxic partner for the host. Consequently, we propose that the bleaching process is due in part to a decrease in zooxanthellae acquisition and/or sequestration. In addition to a new hypothesis in coral bleaching mechanisms, this study provides promising biomarkers for monitoring coral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- UMR 5244, CNRS EPHE UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- UMR 5244, CNRS EPHE UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Roger
- UMR 5244, CNRS EPHE UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Foure
- Aquarium du Cap d'Agde, 11 rue des 2 freres, 34300 Cap d'Agde, France
| | - David Duval
- UMR 5244, CNRS EPHE UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Yves Mone
- UMR 5244, CNRS EPHE UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Christine Ferrier-Pages
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint Martin, MC-98000 Monaco-Ville, Principality of Monaco
| | - Eric Tambutte
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint Martin, MC-98000 Monaco-Ville, Principality of Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutte
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint Martin, MC-98000 Monaco-Ville, Principality of Monaco
| | - Didier Zoccola
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint Martin, MC-98000 Monaco-Ville, Principality of Monaco
| | - Denis Allemand
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Avenue Saint Martin, MC-98000 Monaco-Ville, Principality of Monaco
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- UMR 5244, CNRS EPHE UPVD, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
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