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Nandi S, Swain R, Habibullah S, Sahoo RN, Nayak AK, Mallick S. Lipid-Gelucire based rectal delivery of ramipril prodrug exhibits significant lowering of intra-ocular pressure in normotensive rabbit: sustained structural relaxation release kinetics and IVIVC. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:468-476. [PMID: 38662798 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2345807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase enzymes convert a prodrug ramipril into the biologically active metabolite ramiprilat. It is prescribed for controlling ocular hypertension after oral administration. High concentrations of carboxylesterase enzymes in rectal and colon tissue can transform ramipril significantly to ramiprilat. Sustained rectal delivery of ramipril has been developed for intra-ocular pressure lowering effect using a normotensive rabbit model. Rectal suppositories have been formulated using a matrix base of HPMC K100-PEG 400-PEG 6000, incorporating varying amounts of Gelucire by the fusion moulding method. The presence of Gelucire in the suppository exhibited sustained structural relaxation-based release kinetics of RM compared to its absence. Intravenous and oral administration of ramipril has decreased IOP in the treated rabbit up to 90 and 360 min, respectively. Treated rabbits with suppositories have revealed decreased IOP for an extended period compared to the above. Formulation containing GEL 3% reduced intra-ocular pressure to 540 min, with the highest area under the decreased IOP curve. Compared to oral, the pharmacodynamic bioavailability of ramipril has been improved significantly using a sustained-release rectal suppository. A rectal suppository for sustained delivery of ramipril could be used to lower IOP significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sk Habibullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rudra Narayan Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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2
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Nagaoka M, Sakai Y, Nakajima M, Fukami T. Role of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116128. [PMID: 38492781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CES1 and CES2) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC), which are expressed primarily in the liver and/or gastrointestinal tract, hydrolyze drugs containing ester and amide bonds in their chemical structure. These enzymes often catalyze the conversion of prodrugs, including the COVID-19 drugs remdesivir and molnupiravir, to their pharmacologically active forms. Information on the substrate specificity and inhibitory properties of these enzymes, which would be useful for drug development and toxicity avoidance, has accumulated. Recently,in vitroandin vivostudies have shown that these enzymes are involved not only in drug hydrolysis but also in lipid metabolism. CES1 and CES2 are capable of hydrolyzing triacylglycerol, and the deletion of their orthologous genes in mice has been associated with impaired lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Adeno-associated virus-mediated human CES overexpression decreases hepatic triacylglycerol levels and increases fatty acid oxidation in mice. It has also been shown that overexpression of CES enzymes or AADAC in cultured cells suppresses the intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol. Recent reports indicate that AADAC can be up- or downregulated in tumors of various organs, and its varied expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Thus, CES and AADAC not only determine drug efficacy and toxicity but are also involved in pathophysiology. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of CES and AADAC in drug metabolism, physiology, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagaoka
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakai
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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3
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Chen W, Hu J, Chen J, Guo Y, Hong Y, Xia H. Spatio-temporal analysis of toxigenic genes expression in the growing Bufo gargarizans based on RNA sequencing data. Genomics 2024; 116:110847. [PMID: 38685287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2024.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bufo gargarizans Cantor, a widely distributed amphibian species in Asia, produces and releases toxins through its retroauricular and granular glands. Although various tissues have been sequenced, the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxin production remain unclear. To elucidate these mechanisms, abdominal skin (non-toxic secretory glands) and retroauricular gland (toxic secreting glands) samples were collected at different time points (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months) for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and analysis. RESULTS In comparison to the S group during the same period, a total of 3053, 3026, 1516, 1028, and 2061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across five developmental stages. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily enriched in biological processes including cellular processes, single-organism processes, metabolic processes, and biological regulation. In terms of cellular components, the DEGs were predominantly localized in the cell and cell parts, whereas molecular function indicated significant enrichment in binding and catalytic activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the metabolism and synthesis of various substances, such as lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and primary bile acid biosynthesis, were accompanied by the development of toads. Additionally, using trend analysis, we discovered candidate genes that were upregulated in the retroauricular glands during development, and the abundance of these genes in the abdominal skin was extremely low. Finally, we identified 26 genes that are likely to be involved in toxin production and that are likely to be involved in toxin anabolism. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide new insights into the genes involved in toxin production in B. gargarizans, which will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying toxigenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jinghong Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yongjian Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Houkai Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Kang Yuan Tang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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4
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Wei W, Lyu X, Markhard AL, Fu S, Mardjuki RE, Cavanagh PE, Zeng X, Rajniak J, Lu N, Xiao S, Zhao M, Moya-Garzon MD, Truong SD, Chou JCC, Wat LW, Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty S, Coassolo L, Xu D, Shen F, Huang W, Ramirez CB, Jang C, Svensson KJ, Fischbach MA, Long JZ. A PTER-dependent pathway of taurine metabolism linked to energy balance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586194. [PMID: 38562797 PMCID: PMC10983888 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a conditionally essential micronutrient and one of the most abundant amino acids in humans1-3. In endogenous taurine metabolism, dedicated enzymes are involved in biosynthesis of taurine from cysteine as well as the downstream derivatization of taurine into secondary taurine metabolites4,5. One such taurine metabolite is N-acetyltaurine6. Levels of N-acetyltaurine are dynamically regulated by diverse physiologic perturbations that alter taurine and/or acetate flux, including endurance exercise7, nutritional taurine supplementation8, and alcohol consumption6,9. While taurine N-acetyltransferase activity has been previously detected in mammalian cells6,7, the molecular identity of this enzyme, and the physiologic relevance of N-acetyltaurine, have remained unknown. Here we show that the orphan body mass index-associated enzyme PTER (phosphotriesterase-related)10 is the principal mammalian taurine N-acetyltransferase/hydrolase. In vitro, recombinant PTER catalyzes bidirectional taurine N-acetylation with free acetate as well as the reverse N-acetyltaurine hydrolysis reaction. Genetic ablation of PTER in mice results in complete loss of tissue taurine N-acetyltransferase/hydrolysis activities and systemic elevation of N-acetyltaurine levels. Upon stimuli that increase taurine levels, PTER-KO mice exhibit lower body weight, reduced adiposity, and improved glucose homeostasis. These phenotypes are recapitulated by administration of N-acetyltaurine to wild-type mice. Lastly, the anorexigenic and anti-obesity effects of N-acetyltaurine require functional GFRAL receptors. Together, these data uncover enzymatic control of a previously enigmatic pathway of secondary taurine metabolism linked to energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L. Markhard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sipei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel E. Mardjuki
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jakub Rajniak
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nannan Lu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shuke Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven D. Truong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lianna W. Wat
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saranya Chidambaranathan-Reghupaty
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laetitia Coassolo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cuauhtemoc B. Ramirez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J. Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Phil & Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Xue L, Liu K, Yan C, Dun J, Xu Y, Wu L, Yang H, Liu H, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Schisandra lignans ameliorate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating aberrant metabolism of phosphatidylethanolamines. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3545-3560. [PMID: 37655337 PMCID: PMC10465965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a spectrum of chronic liver disease characterized by hepatic lipid metabolism disorder. Recent reports emphasized the contribution of triglyceride and diglyceride accumulation to NASH, while the other lipids associated with the NASH pathogenesis remained unexplored. The specific purpose of our study was to explore a novel pathogenesis and treatment strategy of NASH via profiling the metabolic characteristics of lipids. Herein, multi-omics techniques based on LC-Q-TOF/MS, LC-MS/MS and MS imaging were developed and used to screen the action targets related to NASH progress and treatment. A methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced mouse model of NASH was then constructed, and Schisandra lignans extract (SLE) was applied to alleviate hepatic damage by regulating the lipid metabolism-related enzymes CES2A and CYP4A14. Hepatic lipidomics indicated that MCD-diet led to aberrant accumulation of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), and SLE could significantly reduce the accumulation of intrahepatic PEs. Notably, exogenous PE (18:0/18:1) was proved to significantly aggravate the mitochondrial damage and hepatocyte apoptosis. Supplementing PE (18:0/18:1) also deteriorated the NASH progress by up regulating intrahepatic proinflammatory and fibrotic factors, while PE synthase inhibitor exerted a prominent hepatoprotective role. The current work provides new insights into the relationship between PE metabolism and the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xue
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Keanqi Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Junling Dun
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yexin Xu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huizhu Yang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huafang Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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6
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Zhou H, Niu B, Wu X, Chu W, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Mi Y, Liu Y, Li P. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the effect of ACT001 on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11336. [PMID: 37443174 PMCID: PMC10345009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ACT001 is a novel sesquiterpene lactone derivative that has been shown to have significant antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of ACT001 on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unknown. Methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet induced NASH model in C57BL/6J mice. Steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis-related indices of serum and liver tissues were detected by fully automated biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that ACT001 reduced serum lipid and inflammatory factor levels, attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibited hepatic oxidative stress and activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles in NASH mice. In addition, 381 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 162 up-regulated and 219 down-regulated proteins, were identified in the MCD group and ACT001 high-dose group using isotope labeling relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique analysis. Among these DEPs, five proteins associated with NAFLD were selected for real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation, and the results were consistent with proteomics. In conclusion, ACT001 has a therapeutic effect on NASH, and the results of proteomic analysis will provide new ideas for the mechanism study of ACT001 for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Niu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weike Chu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibing Zhou
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqiang Mi
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Diseases, Tianjin, China.
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7
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Cai J, Peng J, Feng J, Li R, Ren P, Zang X, Wu Z, Lu Y, Luo L, Hu Z, Wang J, Dai X, Zhao P, Wang J, Yan M, Liu J, Deng R, Wang D. Antioxidant hepatic lipid metabolism can be promoted by orally administered inorganic nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3643. [PMID: 37339977 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of inorganic nanoparticles in living organisms can cause an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. Low doses of nanoparticles have shown possibilities to induce moderate ROS increases and lead to adaptive responses of biological systems, but beneficial effects of such responses on metabolic health remain elusive. Here, we report that repeated oral administrations of various inorganic nanoparticles, including TiO2, Au, and NaYF4 nanoparticles at low doses, can promote lipid degradation and alleviate steatosis in the liver of male mice. We show that low-level uptake of nanoparticles evokes an unusual antioxidant response in hepatocytes by promoting Ces2h expression and consequently enhancing ester hydrolysis. This process can be implemented to treat specific hepatic metabolic disorders, such as fatty liver in both genetic and high-fat-diet obese mice without causing observed adverse effects. Our results demonstrate that low-dose nanoparticle administration may serve as a promising treatment for metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China.
| | - Jie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Juan Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Ruocheng Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Peng Ren
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Xinwei Zang
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Zezong Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Mi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China
| | - Renren Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Institute for Composites Science Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China.
| | - Diming Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Dairy Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, PR China.
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8
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Datta R, Gholampour MA, Yang CD, Volk R, Lin S, Podolsky MJ, Arnold T, Rieder F, Zaro BW, Verzi M, Lehner R, Abumrad N, Lizama CO, Atabai K. MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fatty acids with catabolism of enterocyte lipid stores through HNF4γ-dependent transcription of CES enzymes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112249. [PMID: 36924494 PMCID: PMC10138282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterocytes modulate the extent of postprandial lipemia by storing dietary fats in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (cLDs). We have previously shown that the integrin ligand MFGE8 links absorption of dietary fats with activation of triglyceride (TG) hydrolases that catabolize cLDs for chylomicron production. Here, we identify CES1D as the key hydrolase downstream of the MFGE8-αvβ5 integrin pathway that regulates catabolism of diet-derived cLDs. Mfge8 knockout (KO) enterocytes have reduced CES1D transcript and protein levels and reduced protein levels of the transcription factor HNF4γ. Both Ces1d and Hnf4γ KO mice have decreased enterocyte TG hydrolase activity coupled with retention of TG in cLDs. Mechanistically, MFGE8-dependent fatty acid uptake through CD36 stabilizes HNF4γ protein level; HNF4γ then increases Ces1d transcription. Our work identifies a regulatory network that regulates the severity of postprandial lipemia by linking dietary fat absorption with protein stabilization of a transcription factor that increases expression of hydrolases responsible for catabolizing diet-derived cLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Datta
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mohammad A Gholampour
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christopher D Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Regan Volk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael J Podolsky
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Balyn W Zaro
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Richard Lehner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Nada Abumrad
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kamran Atabai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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A Turn-On Lipid Droplet-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for Detection of Intracellular Carboxylesterases and Cell Viability Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052317. [PMID: 36903562 PMCID: PMC10005208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) play important physiological roles in the human body and are involved in numerous cellular processes. Monitoring CEs activity has great potential for the rapid diagnosis of malignant tumors and multiple diseases. Herein, we developed a new phenazine-based "turn-on" fluorescent probe DBPpys by introducing 4-bromomethyl-phenyl acetate to DBPpy, which can selectively detect CEs with a low detection limit (9.38 × 10-5 U/mL) and a large Stokes shift (more than 250 nm) in vitro. In addition, DBPpys can also be converted into DBPpy by carboxylesterase in HeLa cells and localized in lipid droplets (LDs), emitting bright near-infrared fluorescence under the irradiation of white light. Moreover, we achieved the detection of cell health status by measuring the intensity of NIR fluorescence after co-incubation of DBPpys with H2O2-pretreated HeLa cells, indicating that DBPpys has great potential applications for assessing CEs activity and cellular health.
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10
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Tannouri N, Simmons DBD. Characterizing the origin of blood plasma proteins from organ tissues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a comparative non-targeted proteomics approach. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101070. [PMID: 36871493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein expression patterns adapt to various cues to meet the needs of an organism. The dynamicity of an organism's proteome can therefore reveal information about an organism's health. Proteome databases contain limited information regarding organisms outside of medicinal biology. The UniProt human and mouse proteomes are extensively reviewed and ∼50 % of both proteomes include tissue specificity, while >99 % of the rainbow trout proteome lacks tissue specificity. This study aimed to expand knowledge on the rainbow trout proteome with a focus on understanding the origin of blood plasma proteins. Blood, brain, heart, liver, kidney, and gills were collected from adult rainbow trout, plasma and tissue proteins were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Over 10,000 proteins were identified across all groups. Our data indicated that the majority of the plasma proteome is shared amongst multiple tissue types, though 4-7 % of the plasma proteome is uniquely originated from each tissue (gill > heart > liver > kidney > brain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tannouri
- Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada. https://twitter.com/nancytannouri
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11
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Blot F, Marchix J, Ejarque M, Jimenez S, Meunier A, Keime C, Trottier C, Croyal M, Lapp C, Mahe MM, De Arcangelis A, Gradwohl G. Gut Microbiota Remodeling and Intestinal Adaptation to Lipid Malabsorption After Enteroendocrine Cell Loss in Adult Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1443-1461. [PMID: 36858136 PMCID: PMC10149283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and their hormones are essential regulators of whole-body energy homeostasis. EECs sense luminal nutrients and microbial metabolites and subsequently secrete various hormones acting locally or at a distance. Impaired development of EECs during embryogenesis is life-threatening in newborn mice and humans due to compromised nutrient absorption. However, the physiological importance of the EEC system in adult mice has yet to be directedly studied. Herein, we aimed to determine the long-term consequences of a total loss of EECs in healthy adults on energy metabolism, intestinal transcriptome, and microbiota. METHODS We depleted intestinal EECs by tamoxifen treatment of adult Neurog3fl/fl; Villin-CreERT2 male mice. We studied intestinal cell differentiation, food efficiency, lipid absorption, microbiota composition, fecal metabolites, and transcriptomic responses in the proximal and distal small intestines of mice lacking EECs. We also determined the high-fat diet-induced transcriptomic changes in sorted Neurog3eYFP/+ EECs. RESULTS Induction of EEC deficiency in adults is not life-threatening unless fed with a high-fat diet. Under a standard chow diet, mice lose 10% of weight due to impaired food efficiency. Blood concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids are reduced, and lipid absorption is impaired and delayed in the distal small intestine. Genes controlling lipogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and neoglucogenesis are upregulated. Microbiota composition is rapidly altered after EECs depletion and is characterized by decreased a-diversity. Bacteroides and Lactobacillus were progressively enriched, whereas Lachnospiraceae declined without impacting fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS EECs are dispensable for survival in adult male mice under a standard chow diet. The absence of EECs impairs intestinal lipid absorption, leading to transcriptomic and metabolic adaptations and remodeling of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Blot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Justine Marchix
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sara Jimenez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Aline Meunier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Céline Keime
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Trottier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM UMR_S1087, CNRS UMR_6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Lapp
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Maxime M Mahe
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France; Department of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adèle De Arcangelis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Gérard Gradwohl
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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12
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Wei Y, Xu Z, Hu M, Wu Z, Liu A, Czajkowsky DM, Guo Y, Shao Z. Time-resolved transcriptomics of mouse gastric pit cells during postnatal development reveals features distinct from whole stomach development. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:418-426. [PMID: 36285639 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Whole-organ transcriptomic analyses have emerged as a common method for characterizing developmental transitions in mammalian organs. However, it is unclear if all cell types in an organ follow the whole-organ defined developmental trajectory. Recently, a postnatal two-stage developmental process was described for the mouse stomach. Here, using laser capture microdissection to obtain in situ transcriptomic data, we show that mouse gastric pit cells exhibit four postnatal developmental stages. Interestingly, early stages are characterized by the up-regulation of genes associated with metabolism, a functionality not typically associated with pit cells. Hence, beyond revealing that not all constituent cells develop according to the whole-organ determined pathway, these results broaden our understanding of the pit cell phenotypic landscape during stomach development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zeqian Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Miaomiao Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhongqin Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Axian Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Daniel M Czajkowsky
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhifeng Shao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Bio-ID Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Jäntti MH, Jackson SN, Kuhn J, Parkkinen I, Sree S, Hinkle JJ, Jokitalo E, Deterding LJ, Harvey BK. Palmitate and thapsigargin have contrasting effects on ER membrane lipid composition and ER proteostasis in neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159219. [PMID: 35981704 PMCID: PMC9452468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that performs several key functions such as protein synthesis and folding, lipid metabolism and calcium homeostasis. When these functions are disrupted, such as upon protein misfolding, ER stress occurs. ER stress can trigger adaptive responses to restore proper functioning such as activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In certain cells, the free fatty acid palmitate has been shown to induce the UPR. Here, we examined the effects of palmitate on UPR gene expression in a human neuronal cell line and compared it with thapsigargin, a known depletor of ER calcium and trigger of the UPR. We used a Gaussia luciferase-based reporter to assess how palmitate treatment affects ER proteostasis and calcium homeostasis in the cells. We also investigated how ER calcium depletion by thapsigargin affects lipid membrane composition by performing mass spectrometry on subcellular fractions and compared this to palmitate. Surprisingly, palmitate treatment did not activate UPR despite prominent changes to membrane phospholipids. Conversely, thapsigargin induced a strong UPR, but did not significantly change the membrane lipid composition in subcellular fractions. In summary, our data demonstrate that changes in membrane lipid composition and disturbances in ER calcium homeostasis have a minimal influence on each other in neuronal cells. These data provide new insight into the adaptive interplay of lipid homeostasis and proteostasis in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Jäntti
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Shelley N Jackson
- Translational Analytical Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kuhn
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ilmari Parkkinen
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sreesha Sree
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Programme, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joshua J Hinkle
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Programme, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leesa J Deterding
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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The Crystal Structure of Mouse Ces2c, a Potential Ortholog of Human CES2, Shows Structural Similarities in Substrate Regulation and Product Release to Human CES1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113101. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the carboxylesterase 2 (Ces2/CES2) family have been studied intensively with respect to their hydrolytic function on (pro)drugs, whereas their physiological role in lipid and energy metabolism has been realized only within the last few years. Humans have one CES2 gene which is highly expressed in liver, intestine, and kidney. Interestingly, eight homologous Ces2 (Ces2a to Ces2h) genes exist in mice and the individual roles of the corresponding proteins are incompletely understood. Mouse Ces2c (mCes2c) is suggested as potential ortholog of human CES2. Therefore, we aimed at its structural and biophysical characterization. Here, we present the first crystal structure of mCes2c to 2.12 Å resolution. The overall structure of mCes2c resembles that of the human CES1 (hCES1). The core domain adopts an α/β hydrolase-fold with S230, E347, and H459 forming a catalytic triad. Access to the active site is restricted by the cap, the flexible lid, and the regulatory domain. The conserved gate (M417) and switch (F418) residues might have a function in product release similar as suggested for hCES1. Biophysical characterization confirms that mCes2c is a monomer in solution. Thus, this study broadens our understanding of the mammalian carboxylesterase family and assists in delineating the similarities and differences of the different family members.
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15
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Simard M, Archambault AS, Lavoie JPC, Dumais É, Di Marzo V, Flamand N. Biosynthesis and metabolism of endocannabinoids and their congeners from the monoacylglycerol andN-acyl-ethanolamine families. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115261. [PMID: 36152677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (AEA) are eicosanoids implicated in numerous physiological processes like appetite, adipogenesis, inflammatory pain and inflammation. They mediate most of their physiological effect by activating the cannabinoid (CB) receptors 1 and 2. Other than directly binding to the CB receptors, 2-AG and AEA are also metabolized by most eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes, yielding many metabolites that are part of the oxyendocannabinoidome. Some of these metabolites have been found in vivo, have the ability to modulate specific receptors and thus potentially influence physiological processes. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis and metabolism of 2-AG and AEA, as well as their congeners from the monoacyl-glycerol and N-acyl-ethanolamine families, with a special focus on the metabolism by oxygenases involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. We highlight the knowledge gaps in our understanding of the regulation and roles the oxyendocannabinoidome mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département of médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Archambault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département of médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Present address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia / BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe C Lavoie
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département of médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élizabeth Dumais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département of médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département of médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Joint International Unit between the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) and Université Laval (Canada) on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu)
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Département of médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada; Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Liu J, Yao B, Gao L, Zhang Y, Huang S, Wang X. Emerging role of carboxylesterases in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115250. [PMID: 36130649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. Carboxylesterases (CESs), as potential influencing factors of NAFLD, are very important to improve clinical outcomes. This review aims to deeply understand the role of CESs in the progression of NAFLD and proposes that CESs can be used as potential targets for NAFLD treatment. We first introduced CESs and analyzed the relationship between CESs and hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. Then, we further reviewed the regulation of nuclear receptors on CESs, including PXR, CAR, PPARα, HNF4α and FXR, which may influence the progression of NAFLD. Finally, we evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of existing NAFLD animal models and summarized the application of CES-related animal models in NAFLD research. In general, this review provides an overview of the relationship between CESs and NAFLD and discusses the role and potential value of CESs in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyi Yao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangcai Gao
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengbo Huang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Carboxylesterase 2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction via disrupting lipid homeostasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Metab 2022; 65:101600. [PMID: 36113774 PMCID: PMC9508558 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by high recurrence and metastasis and places a heavy burden on societies worldwide. Cancer cells thrive in a changing microenvironment by reprogramming lipidomic metabolic processes to provide nutrients and energy, activate oncogenic signaling pathways, and manage redox homeostasis to avoid lipotoxicity. The mechanism by which OSCC cells maintain lipid homeostasis during malignant progression is unclear. METHODS The altered expression of fatty acid (FA) metabolism genes in OSCC, compared with that in normal tissues, and in OSCC patients with or without recurrence or metastasis were determined using public data from the TCGA and GEO databases. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) protein level in our own cohort. CCK-8 and Transwell assays and an in vivo xenograft model were used to evaluate the biological functions of CES2. Mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing were performed to determine the lipidome and transcriptome alterations induced by CES2. Mitochondrial mass, mtDNA content, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS levels, and oxygen consumption and apoptosis rates were evaluated to determine the effects of CES2 on mitochondrial function in OSCC. RESULTS CES2 was downregulated in OSCC patients, especially those with recurrence or metastasis. CES2high OSCC patients showed better overall survival than CES2low OSCC patients. Restoring CES2 expression reduced OSCC cell viability and suppressed their migration and invasion in vitro, and it inhibited OSCC tumor growth in vivo. CES2 reprogrammed lipid metabolism in OSCC cells by hydrolyzing neutral lipid diacylglycerols (DGs) to release free fatty acids and reduce the membrane structure lipid phospholipids (PLs) synthesis. Free FAs were converted to acyl-carnitines (CARs) and transferred to mitochondria for oxidation, which induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis activation. Furthermore, the reduction in signaling lipids, e.g., DGs, PLs and substrates, suppressed PI3K/AKT/MYC signaling pathways. Restoring MYC rescued the diminished cell viability, suppressed migratory and invasive abilities, damaged mitochondria and reduced apoptosis rate induced by CES2. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that CES2 downregulation plays an important role in OSCC by maintaining lipid homeostasis and reducing lipotoxicity during tumor progression and may provide a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Zhang J, Hu B, Chen X, Zhang H, Sun S. One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of Hydrophilicity and Lipophilicity Caffeoyl Structured Lipids using Diacylglycerols as Acceptor in Solvent-free System. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wit M, Trujillo-Viera J, Strohmeyer A, Klingenspor M, Hankir M, Sumara G. When fat meets the gut-focus on intestinal lipid handling in metabolic health and disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14742. [PMID: 35437952 PMCID: PMC9081902 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regular overconsumption of energy‐dense foods (rich in lipids and sugars) results in elevated intestinal nutrient absorption and consequently excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and other organs. This can eventually lead to obesity and obesity‐associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer, as well as aggravate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, targeting the pathways that regulate intestinal nutrient absorption holds significant therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling intestinal lipid handling, their relevance to the development of metabolic diseases, and emerging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jonathan Trujillo-Viera
- Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Akim Strohmeyer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany.,EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Inducible Systemic Gcn1 Deletion in Mice Leads to Transient Body Weight Loss upon Tamoxifen Treatment Associated with Decrease of Fat and Liver Glycogen Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063201. [PMID: 35328622 PMCID: PMC8949040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GCN1 is an evolutionarily-conserved ribosome-binding protein that mediates the amino acid starvation response as well as the ribotoxic stress response. We previously demonstrated that Gcn1 mutant mice lacking the GCN2-binding domain suffer from growth retardation and postnatal lethality via GCN2-independent mechanisms, while Gcn1-null mice die early in embryonic development. In this study, we explored the role of GCN1 in adult mice by generating tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Unexpectedly, the Gcn1 CKO mice showed body weight loss during tamoxifen treatment, which gradually recovered following its cessation. They also showed decreases in liver weight, hepatic glycogen and lipid contents, blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acids, and visceral white adipose tissue weight with no changes in food intake and viability. A decrease of serum VLDL suggested that hepatic lipid supply to the peripheral tissues was primarily impaired. Liver proteomic analysis revealed the downregulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation that accompanied increases of peroxisomal β-oxidation and aerobic glucose catabolism that maintain ATP levels. These findings show the involvement of GCN1 in hepatic lipid metabolism during tamoxifen treatment in adult mice.
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Li H, Liu NN, Li JR, Dong B, Wang MX, Tan JL, Wang XK, Jiang J, Lei L, Li HY, Sun H, Jiang JD, Peng ZG. Combined Use of Bicyclol and Berberine Alleviates Mouse Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843872. [PMID: 35250593 PMCID: PMC8889073 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a liver disease worldwide without approved therapeutic drugs. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective drug bicyclol and multi-pharmacological active drug berberine, respectively, have shown beneficial effects on NAFLD in murine nutritional models and patients, though the therapeutic mechanisms remain to be illustrated. Here, we investigated the combined effects of bicyclol and berberine on mouse steatosis induced by Western diet (WD), and NASH induced by WD/CCl4. The combined use of these was rather safe and better reduced the levels of transaminase in serum and triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver than their respective monotherapy, accompanied with more significantly attenuating hepatic inflammation, steatosis, and ballooning in mice with steatosis and NASH. The combined therapy also significantly inhibited fibrogenesis, characterized by the decreased hepatic collagen deposition and fibrotic surface. As per mechanism, bicyclol enhanced lipolysis and β-oxidation through restoring the p62-Nrf2-CES2 signaling axis and p62-Nrf2-PPARα signaling axis, respectively, while berberine suppressed de novo lipogenesis through downregulating the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase, along with enrichment of lipid metabolism-related Bacteroidaceae (family) and Bacteroides (genus). Of note, the combined use of bicyclol and berberine did not influence each other but enhanced the overall therapeutic role in the amelioration of NAFLD. Conclusion: Combined use of bicyclol and berberine might be a new available strategy to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Rui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Xi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Li Tan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Kai Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, The National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1445-1465. [PMID: 34799702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perception that intracellular lipolysis is a straightforward process that releases fatty acids from fat stores in adipose tissue to generate energy has experienced major revisions over the last two decades. The discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators, the demonstration that lipophagy and lysosomal lipolysis contribute to the degradation of cellular lipid stores and the characterization of numerous factors and signalling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have revolutionized our understanding of lipolysis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular lipolysis affects lipid-mediated signalling, metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis in multiple organs. Finally, we examine how these processes affect pathogenesis and how lipolysis may be targeted to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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