1
|
Lhor M, Bernier SC, Horchani H, Bussières S, Cantin L, Desbat B, Salesse C. Comparison between the behavior of different hydrophobic peptides allowing membrane anchoring of proteins. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:223-39. [PMID: 24560216 PMCID: PMC4028306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane binding of proteins such as short chain dehydrogenase reductases or tail-anchored proteins relies on their N- and/or C-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane segment. In this review, we propose guidelines to characterize such hydrophobic peptide segments using spectroscopic and biophysical measurements. The secondary structure content of the C-terminal peptides of retinol dehydrogenase 8, RGS9-1 anchor protein, lecithin retinol acyl transferase, and of the N-terminal peptide of retinol dehydrogenase 11 has been deduced by prediction tools from their primary sequence as well as by using infrared or circular dichroism analyses. Depending on the solvent and the solubilization method, significant structural differences were observed, often involving α-helices. The helical structure of these peptides was found to be consistent with their presumed membrane binding. Langmuir monolayers have been used as membrane models to study lipid-peptide interactions. The values of maximum insertion pressure obtained for all peptides using a monolayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine (DOPE) are larger than the estimated lateral pressure of membranes, thus suggesting that they bind membranes. Polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy has been used to determine the structure and orientation of these peptides in the absence and in the presence of a DOPE monolayer. This lipid induced an increase or a decrease in the organization of the peptide secondary structure. Further measurements are necessary using other lipids to better understand the membrane interactions of these peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Lhor
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah C Bernier
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Habib Horchani
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain Bussières
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bernard Desbat
- CBMN-UMR 5248 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christian Salesse
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brasch J, Harrison OJ, Ahlsen G, Carnally SM, Henderson RM, Honig B, Shapiro L. Structure and binding mechanism of vascular endothelial cadherin: a divergent classical cadherin. J Mol Biol 2011; 408:57-73. [PMID: 21269602 PMCID: PMC3084036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), a divergent member of the type II classical cadherin family of cell adhesion proteins, mediates homophilic adhesion in the vascular endothelium. Previous investigations with a bacterially produced protein suggested that VE-cadherin forms cell surface trimers that bind between apposed cells to form hexamers. Here we report studies of mammalian-produced VE-cadherin ectodomains suggesting that, like other classical cadherins, VE-cadherin forms adhesive trans dimers between monomers located on opposing cell surfaces. Trimerization of the bacterially produced protein appears to be an artifact that arises from a lack of glycosylation. We also present the 2.1-Å-resolution crystal structure of the VE-cadherin EC1-2 adhesive region, which reveals homodimerization via the strand-swap mechanism common to classical cadherins. In common with type II cadherins, strand-swap binding involves two tryptophan anchor residues, but the adhesive interface resembles type I cadherins in that VE-cadherin does not form a large nonswapped hydrophobic surface. Thus, VE-cadherin is an outlier among classical cadherins, with characteristics of both type I and type II subfamilies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brasch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 635 West 165 Street, New York, NY 10033, USA
| | - Oliver J. Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 635 West 165 Street, New York, NY 10033, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Goran Ahlsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 635 West 165 Street, New York, NY 10033, USA
| | - Stewart M. Carnally
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Robert M. Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 635 West 165 Street, New York, NY 10033, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, 1130 St Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 635 West 165 Street, New York, NY 10033, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Lipid monolayers have traditionally been used in electron microscopy (EM) to form two-dimensional (2D) protein arrays for structural studies by electron crystallography. More recently, monolayers containing Nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) lipids have been used to combine the purification and preparation of single-particle EM specimens of His-tagged proteins into a single, convenient step. This monolayer purification technique was further simplified by introducing the Affinity Grid, an EM grid that features a predeposited Ni-NTA lipid-containing monolayer. In this contribution, we provide a detailed description for the use of monolayer purification and Affinity Grids, discuss their advantages and limitations, and present examples to illustrate specific applications of the methods.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ridsdale R, Tseu I, Wang J, Post M. Functions of membrane binding domain of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in alveolar type II cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 43:74-87. [PMID: 19684306 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0231oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCTalpha) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of surfactant phosphatidylcholine. In this study, we investigated the role of its membrane-binding (M) domain in modulating its structure, function, and cellular distribution. Multiple enhanced green fluorescent protein-CCTalpha constructs were generated to evaluate the subcellular distribution in A549 cells. The M domain targeted CCTalpha to the perinuclear (membrane-rich) region. Microinjections with glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein containing the M domain corroborated the perinuclear targeting. Deletion of the M domain or substitutions of the hydrophobic residues with arginine/serine in the VEEKS(267-277) motif of the M domain resulted in a nuclear appearance and indented nuclei. Membrane binding of CCTalpha decreased gradually as the number of positively charged arginine residues increased in the VEEKS motif. To identify whether membrane-protein interactions cause structural alterations in CCTalpha, we visualized the protein in the absence and presence of lipids by transmission electron microscopy. These studies revealed that CCTalpha forms a dimer-like complex that condenses upon binding to lipid vesicles, but not lipid monolayers. The influence of the M domain on CCTalpha activity was assessed in transgenic mice overexpressing the N-terminal catalytic domain (CCTalpha(1-239)), N-terminal catalytic plus M domain (CCTalpha(1-290)), or full-length CCTalpha(1-367) in fetal type II cells by using the surfactant protein C promoter. Only overexpression of CCTalpha(1-367) increased surfactant phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Thus, the M domain influences membrane binding, cellular distribution, and topology of CCTalpha, but the domain alone is not sufficient to confer CCT activity in alveolar type II cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Ridsdale
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hussein WM, Ross BP, Landsberg MJ, Lévy D, Hankamer B, McGeary RP. Synthesis of Nickel-Chelating Fluorinated Lipids for Protein Monolayer Crystallizations. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1473-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802651p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M. Hussein
- The University of Queensland, School of Molecular & Microbial Sciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and School of Pharmacy QLD 4072, Australia, and Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 11 rue P.M.Curie, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin P. Ross
- The University of Queensland, School of Molecular & Microbial Sciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and School of Pharmacy QLD 4072, Australia, and Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 11 rue P.M.Curie, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Michael J. Landsberg
- The University of Queensland, School of Molecular & Microbial Sciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and School of Pharmacy QLD 4072, Australia, and Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 11 rue P.M.Curie, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy
- The University of Queensland, School of Molecular & Microbial Sciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and School of Pharmacy QLD 4072, Australia, and Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 11 rue P.M.Curie, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Ben Hankamer
- The University of Queensland, School of Molecular & Microbial Sciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and School of Pharmacy QLD 4072, Australia, and Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 11 rue P.M.Curie, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Ross P. McGeary
- The University of Queensland, School of Molecular & Microbial Sciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, and School of Pharmacy QLD 4072, Australia, and Institut Curie, UMR CNRS 168, 11 rue P.M.Curie, F-75231 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hewat EA, Durmort C, Jacquamet L, Concord E, Gulino-Debrac D. Architecture of the VE-cadherin Hexamer. J Mol Biol 2007; 365:744-51. [PMID: 17095015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is the major constituent of the adherens junctions of endothelial cells and plays a key role in angiogenesis and vascular permeability. The ectodomains EC1-4 of VE-cadherin are known to form hexamers in solution. To examine the mechanism of homotypic association of VE-cadherin, we have made a 3D reconstruction of the EC1-4 hexamer using electron microscopy and produced a homology model based on the known structure of C-cadherin EC1-5. The hexamer consists of a trimer of dimers with each N-terminal EC1 module making an antiparallel dimeric contact, and the EC4 modules forming extensive trimeric interactions. Each EC1-4 molecule makes a helical curve allowing some torsional flexibility to the edifice. While there is no direct evidence for the existence of hexamers of cadherin at adherens junctions, the model that we have produced provides indirect evidence since it can be used to explain some of the disparate results for adherens junctions. It is in accord with the X-ray and electron microscopy results, which demonstrate that the EC1 dimer is central to homotypic cadherin interaction. It provides an explanation for the force measurements of the interaction between opposing cadherin layers, which have previously been interpreted as resulting from three different interdigitating interactions. It is in accord with observations of native junctions by cryo-electron microscopy. The fact that this hexameric model of VE-cadherin can be used to explain more of the existing data on adherens junctions than any other model alone argues in favour of the existence of the hexamer at the adherens junction. In the context of the cell-cell junction these cis-trimers close to the membrane, and trans-dimers from opposing membranes, would increase the avidity of the bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hewat
- Laboratoire de Microscopie Electronique Structurale, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, UMR 5075, CEA-CNRS-UJF, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tzima E, Schimmel P. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by a natural fragment of a tRNA synthetase. Trends Biochem Sci 2005; 31:7-10. [PMID: 16297628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases (TyrRS and TrpRS, respectively) link protein synthesis to signal-transduction pathways, including angiogenesis. Fragments of TyrRS stimulate angiogenesis, whereas those of TrpRS (T2-TrpRS) inhibit angiogenesis. Thus, these two synthetases acquired opposing activities during evolution, possibly as a coordinated mechanism for regulating angiogenesis. The recent identification of the cellular target of T2-TrpRS sheds light into the mechanism of angiogenesis inhibition. This mechanism provides a molecular basis for the lack of effect of T2-TrpRS on the normal vasculature. With these features, we suggest that this fragment of a tRNA synthetase might safely be used to arrest neovascularization of tumors. In particular, an anti-angiogenesis agent that stops the growth of tumor vessels without affecting normal vessels might serve as an adjunct to cytotoxic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Tzima
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
While the critical function of classic cadherin in cell-cell junctions is well established, the molecular mechanism of cadherin-based adhesion remains unclear. The elusive but principal part of this adhesion process is the cadherin-cadherin interaction maintaining the intercellular contacts. This interaction is believed to be weak, suggesting that the adhesive contacts are strengthened by the cytoskeleton-dependent clustering of numerous cadherin molecules. An examination of cadherin homodimers in living cells has shown, however, that cadherin adhesive interaction is surprisingly strong. This observation implies that the strength of the adhesive contacts is regulated by the processes disintegrating cadherin dimers. The molecular structure of these dimers and mechanisms potentially responsible for their dynamics in living cells are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Troyanovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine (Dermatology), Washington University Medical School, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|