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Sedighi O, Bednarke B, Sherriff H, Doiron AL. Nanoparticle-Based Strategies for Managing Biofilm Infections in Wounds: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27853-27871. [PMID: 38973924 PMCID: PMC11223148 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds containing opportunistic bacterial pathogens are a growing problem, as they are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed nations. Bacteria can adhere to almost every surface, forming architecturally complex communities called biofilms that are tolerant to an individual's immune response and traditional treatments. Wound dressings are a primary source and potential treatment avenue for biofilm infections, and research has recently focused on using nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity for infection control. This Review categorizes nanoparticle-based approaches into four main types, each leveraging unique mechanisms against biofilms. Metallic nanoparticles, such as silver and copper, show promising data due to their ability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes and induce oxidative stress, although their effectiveness can vary based on particle size and composition. Phototherapy-based nanoparticles, utilizing either photodynamic or photothermal therapy, offer targeted microbial destruction by generating reactive oxygen species or localized heat, respectively. However, their efficacy depends on the presence of light and oxygen, potentially limiting their use in deeper or more shielded biofilms. Nanoparticles designed to disrupt extracellular polymeric substances directly target the biofilm structure, enhancing the penetration and efficacy of antimicrobial agents. Lastly, nanoparticles that induce biofilm dispersion represent a novel strategy, aiming to weaken the biofilm's defense and restore susceptibility to antimicrobials. While each method has its advantages, the selection of an appropriate nanoparticle-based treatment depends on the specific requirements of the wound environment and the type of biofilm involved. The integration of these nanoparticles into wound dressings not only promises enhanced treatment outcomes but also offers a reduction in the overall use of antibiotics, aligning with the urgent need for innovative solutions in the fight against antibiotic-tolerant infections. The overarching objective of employing these diverse nanoparticle strategies is to replace antibiotics or substantially reduce their required dosages, providing promising avenues for biofilm infection management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Sedighi
- Department
of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Brooke Bednarke
- Department
of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Hannah Sherriff
- Department
of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Amber L. Doiron
- Department
of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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2
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Tahseen H, Ul Huda N, Nawaz H, Majeed MI, Alwadie N, Rashid N, Aslam MA, Zafar N, Asghar M, Anwar A, Ashraf A, Umer R. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for comparison of biochemical profile of bacteriophage sensitive and resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123968. [PMID: 38330510 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is gram positive bacteria and leading cause of a wide variety of diseases. It is a common cause of hospitalized and community-acquired infections. Development of increasing antibiotic-resistance by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains demand to develop alternate novel therapies. Bacteriophages are now widely used as antibacterial therapies against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive pathogens. So, there is an urgent need to find fast detection techniques to point out phage susceptible and resistant strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteria. Samples of two separate strains of bacteria, S. aureus, in form of pellets and supernatant, were used for this purpose. Strain-I was resistant to phage, while the other (strain-II) was sensitive. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has detected significant biochemical changes in these bacterial strains of pellets and supernatants in the form of SERS spectral features. The protein portion of these two types of strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in their relevant pellets and supernatants is major distinguishing biomolecule as shown by their representative SERS spectral features. In addition, multivariate data analysis techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were found to be helpful in identifying and characterizing various strains of S. aureus which are sensitive and resistant to bacteriophage with 100% specificity, 100% accuracy, and 99.8% sensitivity in case of SERS spectral data sets of bacterial cell pellets. Moreover, in case of supernatant samples, the results of PLS-DA model including 95.5% specificity, 96% sensitivity, and 96.5% accuracy are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Tahseen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Noor Ul Huda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Najah Alwadie
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Aslam
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nishat Zafar
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabiea Umer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Yang Y, Huang J, Zeng A, Long X, Yu N, Wang X. The role of the skin microbiome in wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad059. [PMID: 38444635 PMCID: PMC10914219 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The efficient management of skin wounds for rapid and scarless healing represents a major clinical unmet need. Nonhealing skin wounds and undesired scar formation impair quality of life and result in high healthcare expenditure worldwide. The skin-colonizing microbiota contributes to maintaining an intact skin barrier in homeostasis, but it also participates in the pathogenesis of many skin disorders, including aberrant wound healing, in many respects. This review focuses on the composition of the skin microbiome in cutaneous wounds of different types (i.e. acute and chronic) and with different outcomes (i.e. nonhealing and hypertrophic scarring), mainly based on next-generation sequencing analyses; furthermore, we discuss the mechanistic insights into host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions during wound healing. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies that target the skin microbiome to improve healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100005, China
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Hussaini IM, Oyewole OA, Sulaiman MA, Dabban AI, Sulaiman AN, Tarek R. Microbial anti-biofilms: types and mechanism of action. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104111. [PMID: 37844786 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms have been recognized as a serious threat to public health as it protects microbes from antimicrobials, immune defence mechanisms, chemical treatments and nutritional stress. Biofilms are also a source of concern in industries and water treatment because their presence compromises the integrity of equipment. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to identify novel anti-biofilm compounds. Products of microorganisms have been identified as promising broad-spectrum anti-biofilm agents. These natural products include biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides, enzymes and bioactive compounds. Anti-biofilm products of microbial origin are chemically diverse and possess a broad spectrum of activities against biofilms. The objective of this review is to give an overview of the different types of microbial anti-biofilm products and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; African Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Asmau Nna Sulaiman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Reham Tarek
- Department of Biotechnology, Cairo University, Egypt
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5
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Eddenden A, Dooda MK, Morrison ZA, Subramanian AS, Howell PL, Troutman JM, Nitz M. Metabolic Usage and Glycan Destinations of GlcNAz in E. coli. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:69-80. [PMID: 38146215 PMCID: PMC11138243 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria use a diverse range of carbohydrates to generate a profusion of glycans, with amino sugars, such as N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), being prevalent in the cell wall and in many exopolysaccharides. The primary substrate for GlcNAc-containing glycans, UDP-GlcNAc, is the product of the bacterial hexosamine pathway and a key target for bacterial metabolic glycan engineering. Using the strategy of expressing NahK, to circumvent the hexosamine pathway, it is possible to directly feed the analogue of GlcNAc, N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz), for metabolic labeling in Escherichia coli. The cytosolic production of UDP-GlcNAz was confirmed by using fluorescence-assisted polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The key question of where GlcNAz is incorporated was interrogated by analyzing potential sites including peptidoglycan (PGN), the biofilm-related exopolysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). The highest levels of incorporation were observed in PGN with lower levels in PNAG and no observable incorporation in LPS or ECA. The promiscuity of the PNAG synthase (PgaCD) toward UDP-GlcNAz in vitro and the lack of undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-GlcNAz intermediates generated in vivo confirmed the incorporation preferences. The results of this work will guide the future development of carbohydrate-based probes and metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eddenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Manoj K. Dooda
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223-0001, United States
| | - Zachary A. Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Adithya Shankara Subramanian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - P. Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jerry M. Troutman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223-0001, United States
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Gheorghita AA, Wozniak DJ, Parsek MR, Howell PL. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm exopolysaccharides: assembly, function, and degradation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad060. [PMID: 37884397 PMCID: PMC10644985 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The biofilm matrix is a fortress; sheltering bacteria in a protective and nourishing barrier that allows for growth and adaptation to various surroundings. A variety of different components are found within the matrix including water, lipids, proteins, extracellular DNA, RNA, membrane vesicles, phages, and exopolysaccharides. As part of its biofilm matrix, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is genetically capable of producing three chemically distinct exopolysaccharides - alginate, Pel, and Psl - each of which has a distinct role in biofilm formation and immune evasion during infection. The polymers are produced by highly conserved mechanisms of secretion, involving many proteins that span both the inner and outer bacterial membranes. Experimentally determined structures, predictive modelling of proteins whose structures are yet to be solved, and structural homology comparisons give us insight into the molecular mechanisms of these secretion systems, from polymer synthesis to modification and export. Here, we review recent advances that enhance our understanding of P. aeruginosa multiprotein exopolysaccharide biosynthetic complexes, and how the glycoside hydrolases/lyases within these systems have been commandeered for antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea A Gheorghita
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 776 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University College, Biological Sciences Bldg, 105, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Matthew R Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg, 1705 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195-7735, United States
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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7
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Eddenden A, Dooda MK, Morrison ZA, Subramanian AS, Howell PL, Troutman JM, Nitz M. The Metabolic Usage and Glycan Destinations of GlcNAz in E. coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553294. [PMID: 37645909 PMCID: PMC10462111 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria use a diverse range of carbohydrates to generate a profusion of glycans, with amino sugars such as N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) being prevalent in the cell wall and in many exopolysaccharides. The primary substrate for GlcNAc-containing glycans, UDP-GlcNAc, is the product of the bacterial hexosamine pathway, and a key target for bacterial metabolic glycan engineering. Using the strategy of expressing NahK, to circumvent the hexosamine pathway, it is possible to directly feed the analogue of GlcNAc, N-azidoacetylglucosamine (GlcNAz), for metabolic labelling in E. coli. The cytosolic production of UDP-GlcNAz was confirmed using fluorescence assisted polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The key question of where GlcNAz is incorporated, was interrogated by analyzing potential sites including: peptidoglycan (PGN), the biofilm-related exopolysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). The highest levels of incorporation were observed in PGN with lower levels in PNAG and no observable incorporation in LPS or ECA. The promiscuity of the PNAG synthase (PgaCD) towards UDP-GlcNAz in vitro and lack of undecaprenyl-pyrophosphoryl-GlcNAz intermediates generated in vivo confirmed the incorporation preferences. The results of this work will guide the future development of carbohydrate-based probes and metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eddenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manoj K Dooda
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
| | - Zachary A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adithya Shankara Subramanian
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry M Troutman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abdelkader J, Alelyani M, Alashban Y, Alghamdi SA, Bakkour Y. Modification of Dispersin B with Cyclodextrin-Ciprofloxacin Derivatives for Treating Staphylococcal. Molecules 2023; 28:5311. [PMID: 37513185 PMCID: PMC10386341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the high tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics, it is urgent to develop new strategies to fight against these bacterial consortia. An innovative antibiofilm nanovector drug delivery system, consisting of Dispersin B-permethylated-β-cyclodextrin/ciprofloxacin adamantyl (DspB-β-CD/CIP-Ad), is described here. For this purpose, complexation assays between CIP-Ad and (i) unmodified β-CD and (ii) different derivatives of β-CD, which are 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CD, 2,6-O-dimethyl-β-CD, and 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD, were tested. A stoichiometry of 1/1 was obtained for the β-CD/CIP-Ad complex by NMR analysis. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) experiments were carried out to determine Ka, ΔH, and ΔS thermodynamic parameters of the complex between β-CD and its different derivatives in the presence of CIP-Ad. A stoichiometry of 1/1 for β-CD/CIP-Ad complexes was confirmed with variable affinity according to the type of methylation. A phase solubility study showed increased CIP-Ad solubility with CD concentration, pointing out complex formation. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of CIP-Ad and the 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CD/CIP-Ad or 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD/CIP-Ad complexes was performed on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) strains. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) studies showed that the complex of CIP-Ad and 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CD exhibited a similar antimicrobial activity to CIP-Ad alone, while the interaction with 2,3,6-O-trimethyl-β-CD increased MIC values. Antimicrobial assays on S. epidermidis biofilms demonstrated that the synergistic effect observed with the DspB/CIP association was partly maintained with the 2,3-O-dimethyl-β-CDs/CIP-Ad complex. To obtain this "all-in-one" drug delivery system, able to destroy the biofilm matrix and release the antibiotic simultaneously, we covalently grafted DspB on three carboxylic permethylated CD derivatives with different-length spacer arms. The strategy was validated by demonstrating that a DspB-permethylated-β-CD/ciprofloxacin-Ad system exhibited efficient antibiofilm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Abdelkader
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry (LAC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University Mont Michel, El Koura 826, Lebanon
| | - Magbool Alelyani
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alashban
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Alghamdi
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Bakkour
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Rasul HO, Sabir DK, Aziz BK, Guillermo Salgado M, Mendoza-Huizar LH, Belhassan A, Candia LG, Villada WC, Thomas NV, Ghafour DD. Identification of natural diterpenes isolated from Azorella species targeting dispersin B using in silico approaches. J Mol Model 2023; 29:182. [PMID: 37209272 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A bacterial biofilm is a cluster of bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances such as DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several diseases have been reported to cause by bacterial biofilms, and difficulties in treating these infections are of concern. This work aimed to identify the inhibitor with the highest binding affinity for the receptor protein by screening various inhibitors obtained from Azorella species for a potential target to inhibit dispersin B. This work shows that azorellolide has the highest binding affinity (- 8.2 kcal/mol) among the compounds tested, followed by dyhydroazorellolide, mulinone A, and 7-acetoxy-mulin-9,12-diene which all had a binding affinity of - 8.0 kcal/mol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate and contrast several diterpene compounds as antibacterial biofilm chemicals. METHODS Here, molecular modelling techniques tested 49 diterpene compounds of Azorella and six FDA-approved antibiotics medicines for antibiofilm activity. Since protein-like interactions are crucial in drug discovery, AutoDock Vina was initially employed to carry out structure-based virtual screening. The drug-likeness and ADMET properties of the chosen compounds were examined to assess the antibiofilm activity further. Lipinski's rule of five was then applied to determine the antibiofilm activity. Then, molecular electrostatic potential was used to determine the relative polarity of a molecule using the Gaussian 09 package and GaussView 5.08. Following three replica molecular dynamic simulations (using the Schrodinger program, Desmond 2019-4 package) that each lasted 100 ns on the promising candidates, binding free energy was estimated using MM-GBSA. Structural visualisation was used to test the binding affinity of each compound to the crystal structure of dispersin B protein (PDB: 1YHT), a well-known antibiofilm compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezha O Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, 46023, Iraq.
| | - Dana Khdr Sabir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Science, Charmo University, 46023 Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Bakhtyar K Aziz
- Department of Nanoscience and Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University, Peshawa Street, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, 46023, Iraq
| | - M Guillermo Salgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Investigador Extramural, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - L H Mendoza-Huizar
- Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Academic Area of Chemistry, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Assia Belhassan
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Lorena Gerli Candia
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Wilson Cardona Villada
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Noel Vinay Thomas
- Department of BioMedical Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
| | - Dlzar D Ghafour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
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França A. The Role of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Biofilms on Late-Onset Sepsis: Current Challenges and Emerging Diagnostics and Therapies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030554. [PMID: 36978421 PMCID: PMC10044083 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are one of the most significant complications of neonates, especially those born preterm, with sepsis as one of the principal causes of mortality. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), a group of staphylococcal species that naturally inhabit healthy human skin and mucosa, are the most common cause of late-onset sepsis, especially in preterms. One of the risk factors for the development of CoNS infections is the presence of implanted biomedical devices, which are frequently used for medications and/or nutrient delivery, as they serve as a scaffold for biofilm formation. The major concerns related to CoNS infections have to do with the increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics observed among this bacterial group and biofilm cells’ increased tolerance to antibiotics. As such, the treatment of CoNS biofilm-associated infections with antibiotics is increasingly challenging and considering that antibiotics remain the primary form of treatment, this issue will likely persist in upcoming years. For that reason, the development of innovative and efficient therapeutic measures is of utmost importance. This narrative review assesses the current challenges and emerging diagnostic tools and therapies for the treatment of CoNS biofilm-associated infections, with a special focus on late-onset sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela França
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO—Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
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Kutsuno S, Hayashi I, Yu L, Yamada S, Hisatsune J, Sugai M. Non-deacetylated poly- N-acetylglucosamine-hyperproducing Staphylococcus aureus undergoes immediate autoaggregation upon vortexing. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1101545. [PMID: 36699608 PMCID: PMC9868172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial communities of cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances generated and adhering to each other or to a surface. Cell aggregates formed in the absence of a surface and floating pellicles that form biofilms at the air-liquid interface are also considered to be a type of biofilm. Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known cause of biofilm infections and high-molecular-weight polysaccharides, poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is a main constituent of the biofilm. An icaADBC operon comprises major machinery to synthesize and extracellularly secrete PNAG. Extracellular PNAG is partially deacetylated by IcaB deacetylase, and the positively charged PNAG hence interacts with negatively charged cell surface to form the major component of biofilm. We previously reported a new regulator of biofilm (Rob) and demonstrated that Rob binds to a unique 5-bp motif, TATTT, present in intergenic region between icaADBC operon and its repressor gene icaR in Yu et al. The deletion of the 5-bp motif induces excessive adherent biofilm formation. The real function of the 5-bp motif is still unknown. In an attempt to isolate the 5-bp motif deletion mutant, we isolated several non-adherent mutants. They grew normally in turbid broth shaking culture but immediately auto-aggregated upon weak vortexing and sedimented as a lump resulting in a clear supernatant. Whole genome sequencing of the mutants identified they all carried mutations in icaB in addition to deletion of the 5-bp motif. Purification and molecular characterization of auto-aggregating factor in the culture supernatant of the mutant identified that the factor was a massively produced non-deacetylated PNAG. Therefore, we created a double deficient strain of biofilm inhibitory factors (5-bp motif, icaR, rob) and icaB to confirm the aggregation phenomenon. This peculiar phenomenon was only observed in Δ5bpΔicaB double mutant but not in ΔicaR ΔicaB or ΔrobΔicaB mutant. This study explains large amount of extracellularly produced non-deacetylated PNAG by Δ5bpΔicaB double mutation induced rapid auto-aggregation of S. aureus cells by vortexing. This phenomenon indicated that Staphylococcus aureus may form biofilms that do not adhere to solid surfaces and we propose this as a new mechanism of non-adherent biofilm formation of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kutsuno
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ikue Hayashi
- Research Facility, Hiroshima University Faculty of Dentistry, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Liansheng Yu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sakuo Yamada
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Antimicrobial Resistance, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan,*Correspondence: Motoyuki Sugai,
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Li CC, Yi H, Wang YM, Tang XY, Zhu YB, Song YJ, Zhao NL, Huang Q, Mou XY, Luo GH, Liu TG, Yang GL, Zeng YJ, Wang LJ, Tang H, Fan G, Bao R. Nucleotide binding as an allosteric regulatory mechanism for Akkermansia muciniphila β- N-acetylhexosaminidase Am2136. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2143221. [PMID: 36394293 PMCID: PMC9673926 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2143221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (EC3.2.1.52), which belong to the glycosyl hydrolase family GH20, are important enzymes for oligosaccharides modification. Numerous microbial β-N-acetylhexosaminidases have been investigated for applications in biology, biomedicine and biotechnology. Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic intestinal commensal bacterium which possesses specific β-N-acetylhexosaminidases for gut mucosal layer colonization and mucin degradation. In this study, we assessed the in vitro mucin glycan cleavage activity of the A. muciniphila β-N-acetylhexosaminidase Am2136 and demonstrated its ability that hydrolyzing the β-linkages joining N-acetylglucosamine to a wide variety of aglycone residues, which indicated that Am2136 may be a generalist β-N-acetylhexosaminidase. Structural and enzyme activity assay experiments allowed us to probe the essential function of the inter-domain interactions in β23-β33. Importantly, we revealed that the hydrolysis activity of Am2136 was enhanced by nucleotides. We further speculated that this activation mechanism might be associated with the conformational motions between domain III and IV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nucleotide effector regulated β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, to reveal its novel biological functions. These findings contribute to understanding the distinct properties within the GH20 family and lay a certain foundation to develop controllable glycan hydrolyzing catalysts.Abbreviations: OD600 - optical cell densities at 600 nm; LB - Luria-Bertani; IPTG - isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside; PMSF - phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; rmsd - root mean square deviation; GlcNAc - N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine; GalNAc - N-acetyl-β-D-galactosamine; Gal - galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Cheng Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Sichuan College of traditional Chinese Medicine (Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM), Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Yue Tang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Bo Zhu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-Lin Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Yu Mou
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui-Hua Luo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong-Gen Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang-Long Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Hong Tang Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu. China
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,Gang Fan State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chengdu. China
| | - Rui Bao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,CONTACT Rui Bao
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13
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Bps polysaccharide of Bordetella pertussis resists antimicrobial peptides by functioning as a dual surface shield and decoy and converts Escherichia coli into a respiratory pathogen. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010764. [PMID: 35969621 PMCID: PMC9410548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections and disease caused by the obligate human pathogen Bordetella pertussis (Bp) are increasing, despite widespread vaccinations. The current acellular pertussis vaccines remain ineffective against nasopharyngeal colonization, carriage, and transmission. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Bordetella polysaccharide (Bps), a member of the poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG/PGA) family of polysaccharides promotes respiratory tract colonization of Bp by resisting killing by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Genetic deletion of the bpsA-D locus, as well as treatment with the specific glycoside hydrolase Dispersin B, increased susceptibility to AMP-mediated killing. Bps was found to be both cell surface-associated and released during laboratory growth and mouse infections. Addition of bacterial supernatants containing Bps and purified Bps increased B. pertussis resistance to AMPs. By utilizing ELISA, immunoblot and flow cytometry assays, we show that Bps functions as a dual surface shield and decoy. Co-inoculation of C57BL/6J mice with a Bps-proficient strain enhanced respiratory tract survival of the Bps-deficient strain. In combination, the presented results highlight the critical role of Bps as a central driver of B. pertussis pathogenesis. Heterologous production of Bps in a non-pathogenic E. coli K12 strain increased AMP resistance in vitro, and augmented bacterial survival and pathology in the mouse respiratory tract. These studies can serve as a foundation for other PNAG/PGA polysaccharides and for the development of an effective Bp vaccine that includes Bps.
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Ramakrishnan R, Singh AK, Singh S, Chakravortty D, Das D. Enzymatic Dispersion of Biofilms: An Emerging Biocatalytic Avenue to Combat Biofilm-Mediated Microbial Infections. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102352. [PMID: 35940306 PMCID: PMC9478923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance by pathogenic microbes has emerged as a matter of great concern to mankind. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi employ multiple defense mechanisms against drugs and the host immune system. A major line of microbial defense is the biofilm, which comprises extracellular polymeric substances that are produced by the population of microorganisms. Around 80% of chronic bacterial infections are associated with biofilms. The presence of biofilms can increase the necessity of doses of certain antibiotics up to 1000-fold to combat infection. Thus, there is an urgent need for strategies to eradicate biofilms. Although a few physicochemical methods have been developed to prevent and treat biofilms, these methods have poor efficacy and biocompatibility. In this review, we discuss the existing strategies to combat biofilms and their challenges. Subsequently, we spotlight the potential of enzymes, in particular, polysaccharide degrading enzymes, for biofilm dispersion, which might lead to facile antimicrobial treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Simran Singh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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15
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Small-Molecule-Induced Activation of Cellular Respiration Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Triggers Metabolic Remodeling in Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2022; 13:e0084522. [PMID: 35852317 PMCID: PMC9426486 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00845-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a major pathogen of community-acquired and nosocomial-associated infections, forms biofilms consisting of extracellular matrix-embedded cell aggregates. S. aureus biofilm formation on implanted medical devices can cause local and systemic infections due to the dispersion of cells from the biofilms. Usually, conventional antibiotic treatments are not effective against biofilm-related infections, and there is no effective treatment other than removing the contaminated devices. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents to combat biofilm-related infections is urgently needed. We conducted high-throughput screening of S. aureus biofilm inhibitors and obtained a small compound, JBD1. JBD1 strongly inhibits biofilm formation of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains. In addition, JBD1 activated the respiratory activity of S. aureus cells and increased the sensitivity to aminoglycosides. Furthermore, it was shown that the metabolic profile of S. aureus was significantly altered in the presence of JBD1 and that metabolic remodeling was induced. Surprisingly, these JBD1-induced phenotypes were blocked by adding an excess amount of the electron carrier menaquinone to suppress respiratory activation. These results indicate that JBD1 induces biofilm inhibition and metabolic remodeling through respiratory activation. This study demonstrates that compounds that enhance the respiratory activity of S. aureus may be potential leads in the development of therapeutic agents for chronic S. aureus-biofilm-related infections.
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Razdan K, Garcia-Lara J, Sinha VR, Singh KK. Pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2137-2150. [PMID: 35489675 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile communities of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, that grow on biotic and abiotic surfaces. These microorganisms are embedded within an extracellular polymeric substance that provides enhanced protection from antimicrobials. Chronic wounds provide an ideal habitat for biofilm formation. Bacteria can easily attach to wound debris and can infect the wound due to an impaired host immune response. This review highlights the mechanism of biofilm formation and the role of biofilms in the pathophysiology of chronic wounds. Our major focus is on various formulation strategies and delivery systems that are employed to eradicate or disperse biofilms, thereby effectively managing acute and chronic wounds. We also discuss clinical research that has studied or is studying the treatment of biofilm-infected chronic wounds. Teaser: Innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as hydrogels, nanofibers, films and various nanoscale materials can provide promising approaches for the treatment of biofilm-mediated chronic wound infections, offering the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Razdan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jorge Garcia-Lara
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Translational Biosciences and Behavior, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - V R Sinha
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Translational Biosciences and Behavior, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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17
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Bacterial biofilms and their resistance mechanisms: a brief look at treatment with natural agents. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:535-554. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mechanism of cooperative N-glycan processing by the multi-modular endoglycosidase EndoE. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1137. [PMID: 35241669 PMCID: PMC8894350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria produce a remarkably diverse range of glycoside hydrolases to metabolize glycans from the environment as a primary source of nutrients, and to promote the colonization and infection of a host. Here we focus on EndoE, a multi-modular glycoside hydrolase secreted by Enterococcus faecalis, one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections. We provide X-ray crystal structures of EndoE, which show an architecture composed of four domains, including GH18 and GH20 glycoside hydrolases connected by two consecutive three α-helical bundles. We determine that the GH20 domain is an exo-β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminidase, whereas the GH18 domain is an endo-β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase that exclusively processes the central core of complex-type or high-mannose-type N-glycans. Both glycoside hydrolase domains act in a concerted manner to process diverse N-glycans on glycoproteins, including therapeutic IgG antibodies. EndoE combines two enzyme domains with distinct functions and glycan specificities to play a dual role in glycan metabolism and immune evasion. EndoE is a multi-domain glycoside hydrolase of the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. Here, the authors present crystal structures of EndoE and provide biochemical insights into the molecular basis of EndoE’s substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism.
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Abstract
Biofilms are recalcitrant to antimicrobials, partly due to the barrier effect of their matrix. The use of hydrolytic enzymes capable to degrade matrix constituents has been proposed as an alternative strategy against biofilm-related infections. This study aimed to determine whether hydrolytic enzymes could potentiate the activity of antimicrobials against hard-to-treat interkingdom biofilms comprising two bacteria and one fungus. We studied the activity of a series of enzymes alone or in combination, followed or not by antimicrobial treatment, against single-, dual- or three-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, by measuring their residual biomass or culturable cells. Two hydrolytic enzymes, subtilisin A and lyticase, were identified as the most effective to reduce the biomass of C. albicans biofilm. When targeting interkingdom biofilms, subtilisin A alone was the most effective enzyme to reduce biomass of all biofilms, followed by lyticase combined with an enzymatic cocktail composed of cellulase, denarase, and dispersin B that proved previously active against bacterial biofilms. The subsequent incubation with antimicrobials further reduced the biomass. Enzymes alone did not reduce culturable cells in most cases and did not interfere with the cidal effects of antimicrobials. Therefore, this work highlights the potential interest of pre-exposing interkingdom biofilms to hydrolytic enzymes to reduce their biomass besides the number of culturable cells, which was not achieved when using antimicrobials alone. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are recalcitrant to antimicrobial treatments. This problem is even more critical when dealing with polymicrobial, interkingdom biofilms, including both bacteria and fungi, as these microorganisms cooperate to strengthen the biofilm and produce a complex matrix. Here, we demonstrate that the protease subtilisin A used alone, or a cocktail containing lyticase, cellulase, denarase, and dispersin B markedly reduce the biomass of interkingdom biofilms and cooperate with antimicrobials to act upon these recalcitrant forms of infection. This work may open perspectives for the development of novel adjuvant therapies against biofilm-related infections.
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20
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Applications of an inactive Dispersin B probe to monitor biofilm polysaccharide production. Methods Enzymol 2022; 665:209-231. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Lahiri D, Nag M, Dey A, Sarkar T, Ray RR, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal‐Gandara J. Immobilized enzymes as potent antibiofilm agent. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3281. [PMID: 35690881 PMCID: PMC9786792 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm has been a point of concern in hospitals and various industries. They not only cause various chronic infections but are also responsible for the degradation of various medical appliances. Since the last decade, various alternate strategies are being adopted to combat the biofilm formed on various biotic and abiotic surfaces. The use of enzymes as a potent anti-fouling agent is proved to be of utmost importance as the enzymes can inhibit biofilm formation in an eco-friendly and cost-effective way. The physical and chemical immobilization of the enzyme not only leads to the improvement of thermostability and reusability of the enzyme, but also gains better efficiency of biofilm removal. Immobilization of amylase, cellobiohydrolase, pectinase, subtilisin A and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (DspB) are proved to be most effective in inhibition of biofilm formation and removal of matured biofilm than their free forms. Hence, these immobilized enzymes provide greater eradication of biofilm formed on various surfaces and are coming up to be the potent antibiofilm agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajit Lahiri
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Engineering & ManagementKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Engineering & ManagementKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Ankita Dey
- Department of MicrobiologyBelle Vue ClinicsKolkataWest BengalIndia
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda PolytechnicWest Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Govtment of West BengalMalda732102India
| | - Rina Rani Ray
- Department of BiotechnologyMaulana Abul Kalam Azad University of TechnologyHaringhataWest BengalIndia
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food SystemsMoscowRussian Federation,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation,Liaocheng UniversityLiaochengShandongChina
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Liaocheng UniversityLiaochengShandongChina,Department of Scientific ResearchK. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University)MoscowRussian Federation
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop ScienceCollege of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jesus Simal‐Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology GroupAnalytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of ScienceOurenseSpain
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22
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Thorn CR, Howell PL, Wozniak DJ, Prestidge CA, Thomas N. Enhancing the therapeutic use of biofilm-dispersing enzymes with smart drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113916. [PMID: 34371086 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-dispersing enzymes degrade the extracellular polymeric matrix surrounding bacterial biofilms, disperse the microbial community and increase their susceptibility to antibiotics and immune cells. Challenges for the clinical translation of biofilm-dispersing enzymes involve their susceptibility to denaturation, degradation, and clearance upon administration in vivo. Drug delivery systems aim to overcome these limitations through encapsulation, stabilization and protection from the exterior environment, thereby maintaining the enzymatic activity. Smart drug delivery systems offer target specificity, releasing payloads at the site of infection while minimizing unnecessary systemic exposure. This review highlights critical advances of biofilm-dispersing enzymes as a novel therapeutic approach for biofilm-associated infections. We explore how smart, bio-responsive delivery systems overcome the limiting factors of biofilm-dispersing enzymes and summarize the key systems designed. This review will guide future developments, focusing on utilizing selective and specific therapies in a targeted fashion to meet the unmet therapeutic needs of biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Thorn
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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23
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Activity of CcpA-Regulated GH18 Family Glycosyl Hydrolases That Contributes to Nutrient Acquisition and Fitness in Enterococcus faecalis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0034321. [PMID: 34424752 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00343-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of Enterococcus faecalis to colonize host anatomical sites is dependent on its adaptive response to host conditions. Three glycosyl hydrolase gene clusters, each belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18) (ef0114, ef0361, and ef2863), in E. faecalis were previously found to be upregulated under glucose-limiting conditions. The GH18 catalytic domain is present in proteins that are classified as either chitinases or β-1,4 endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) based on their β-1,4 endo-N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity, and ENGase activity is commonly associated with cleaving N-linked glycoprotein, an abundant glycan structure on host epithelial surfaces. Here, we show that all three hydrolases are negatively regulated by the transcriptional regulator carbon catabolite protein A (CcpA). Additionally, we demonstrate that a constitutively active CcpA variant represses the expression of CcpA-regulated genes irrespective of glucose availability. Previous studies showed that the GH18 catalytic domains of EndoE (EF0114) and EfEndo18A (EF2863) were capable of deglycosylating RNase B, a model high-mannose-type glycoprotein. However, it remained uncertain which glycosidase is primarily responsible for the deglycosylation of high-mannose-type glycoproteins. In this study, we show by mutation analysis as well as a dose-dependent analysis of recombinant protein expression that EfEndo18A is primarily responsible for deglycosylating high-mannose glycoproteins and that the glycans removed by EfEndo18A support growth under nutrient-limiting conditions in vitro. In contrast, IgG is representative of a complex-type glycoprotein, and we demonstrate that the GH18 domain of EndoE is primarily responsible for the removal of this glycan decoration. Finally, our data highlight the combined contribution of glycosidases to the virulence of E. faecalis in vivo.
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Metabolism of Poly-β1,4- N-Acetylglucosamine Substrates and Importation of N-Acetylglucosamine and Glucosamine by Enterococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0037121. [PMID: 34424034 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00371-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Enterococcus faecalis to use a variety of carbon sources enables colonization at various anatomic sites within a mammalian host. N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is one of the most abundant natural sugars and provides bacteria with a source of carbon and nitrogen when metabolized. N-Acetylglucosamine is also a component of bacterial peptidoglycan, further highlighting the significance of N-acetylglucosamine utilization. In this study, we show that CcpA-regulated enzymes are required for growth on the poly-β1,4-linked GlcNAc substrate, chitopentaose (β1,4-linked GlcNAc5). We also show that EF0114 (EndoE) is required for growth on chitobiose (β1,4-linked GlcNAc2) and that the GH20 domain of EndoE is required for the conversion of GlcNAc2 to N-acetylglucosamine. GlcNAc is transported into the cell via two separate phosphotransferase system (PTS) complexes, either the PTS IICBA encoded by ef1516 (nagE) or the Mpt glucose/mannose permease complex (MptBACD). The Mpt PTS is also the primary glucosamine transporter. In order for N-acetylglucosamine to be utilized as a carbon source, phosphorylated N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc-6-P) must be deacetylated, and here, we show that this activity is mediated by EF1317 (an N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase; NagA homolog), as a deletion of ef1317 is unable to grow on GlcNAc as the carbon source. Deamination of glucosamine to fructose-6-phosphate is required for entry into glycolysis, and we show that growth on glucosamine is dependent on EF0466 (a glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase; NagB homolog). Collectively, our data highlight the chitinolytic machinery required for breaking down exogenous chitinous substrates, as well as the uptake and cytosolic enzymes needed for metabolizing N-acetylglucosamine. IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecalis causes life-threatening health care-associated infections in part due to its intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, its ability to form biofilms, and its nutrient versatility. Alternative nutrient acquisition systems are key factors that contribute to enterococcal colonization at biologically unique host anatomic sites. Although E. faecalis can metabolize an array of carbon sources, little is known of how this bacterium acquires these secondary nutrient sources in mammalian hosts. Our research identifies the glycosidase machinery required for degrading exogenous chitinous substrates into N-acetylglucosamine monomers for transport and metabolism of one of the most abundant naturally occurring sugars, N-acetylglucosamine. Disrupting the function of this N-acetylglucosamine acquisition pathway may lead to new treatments against multidrug-resistant enterococcal infections.
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Thorn CR, Raju D, Lacdao I, Gilbert S, Sivarajah P, Howell PL, Prestidge CA, Thomas N. Protective Liquid Crystal Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of PslG: A Biofilm Dispersing Enzyme. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2102-2115. [PMID: 33908759 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase, PslG, attacks and degrades the dominant Psl polysaccharide in the exopolymeric substance (EPS) matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and is a promising therapy to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. However, the need for coadministration with an antibiotic and the potential susceptibility of PslG to proteolysis highlights the need for an effective delivery system. Here, we compared liposomes versus lipid liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs) loaded with PslG and tobramycin as potential formulation approaches to (1) protect PslG from proteolysis, (2) trigger the enzyme's release in the presence of bacteria, and (3) improve the total antimicrobial effect in vitro and in vivo in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model. LCNPs were an effective formulation strategy for PslG and tobramycin that better protected the enzyme against proteolysis, triggered and sustained the release of PslG, improved the antimicrobial effect by 10-100-fold, and increased the survival of C. elegans infected with P. aeruginosa. Digestible LCNPs had the advantage of triggering the enzyme's release in the presence of bacteria. However, compared to nondigestible LCNPs, negligible differences arose between the LCNPs' ability to protect PslG from proteolysis and potentiate the antimicrobial activity in combination with tobramycin. In C. elegans, the improved antimicrobial efficacy was comparable to tobramycin-LCNPs, although the PslG + tobramycin-LCNPs achieved a greater than 10-fold reduction in bacteria compared to the unformulated combination. Herewith, LCNPs are showcased as a promising protective delivery system for novel biofilm dispersing enzymes combined with antibiotics, enabling infection-directed therapy and improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R. Thorn
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Deepa Raju
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ira Lacdao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Gilbert
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Piyanka Sivarajah
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - P. Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Clive A. Prestidge
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, South Australia 5011, Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Biofilm Test Facility, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Blackman LD, Qu Y, Cass P, Locock KES. Approaches for the inhibition and elimination of microbial biofilms using macromolecular agents. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1587-1616. [PMID: 33403373 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures formed at interfaces by the vast majority of bacteria and fungi. These robust communities have an important detrimental impact on a wide range of industries and other facets of our daily lives, yet their removal is challenging owing to the high tolerance of biofilms towards conventional antimicrobial agents. This key issue has driven an urgent search for new innovative antibiofilm materials. Amongst these emerging approaches are highly promising materials that employ aqueous-soluble macromolecules, including peptides, proteins, synthetic polymers, and nanomaterials thereof, which exhibit a range of functionalities that can inhibit biofilm formation or detach and destroy organisms residing within established biofilms. In this Review, we outline the progress made in inhibiting and removing biofilms using macromolecular approaches, including a spotlight on cutting-edge materials that respond to environmental stimuli for "on-demand" antibiofilm activity, as well as synergistic multi-action antibiofilm materials. We also highlight materials that imitate and harness naturally derived species to achieve new and improved biomimetic and biohybrid antibiofilm materials. Finally, we share some speculative insights into possible future directions for this exciting and highly significant field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis D Blackman
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Yue Qu
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia and Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Cass
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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Breslawec AP, Wang S, Li C, Poulin MB. Anionic amino acids support hydrolysis of poly-β-(1,6)-N-acetylglucosamine exopolysaccharides by the biofilm dispersing glycosidase Dispersin B. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100203. [PMID: 33334876 PMCID: PMC7949127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide poly-β-(1→6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is a major structural determinant of bacterial biofilms responsible for persistent and nosocomial infections. The enzymatic dispersal of biofilms by PNAG-hydrolyzing glycosidase enzymes, such as Dispersin B (DspB), is a possible approach to treat biofilm-dependent bacterial infections. The cationic charge resulting from partial de-N-acetylation of native PNAG is critical for PNAG-dependent biofilm formation. We recently demonstrated that DspB has increased catalytic activity on de-N-acetylated PNAG oligosaccharides, but the molecular basis for this increased activity is not known. Here, we analyze the role of anionic amino acids surrounding the catalytic pocket of DspB in PNAG substrate recognition and hydrolysis using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, activity measurements using synthetic PNAG oligosaccharide analogs, and in vitro biofilm dispersal assays. The results of these studies support a model in which bound PNAG is weakly associated with a shallow anionic groove on the DspB protein surface with recognition driven by interactions with the -1 GlcNAc residue in the catalytic pocket. An increased rate of hydrolysis for cationic PNAG was driven, in part, by interaction with D147 on the anionic surface. Moreover, we identified that a DspB mutant with improved hydrolysis of fully acetylated PNAG oligosaccharides correlates with improved in vitro dispersal of PNAG-dependent Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. These results provide insight into the mechanism of substrate recognition by DspB and suggest a method to improve DspB biofilm dispersal activity by mutation of the amino acids within the anionic binding surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Breslawec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Shaochi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Myles B Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
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Ricardo SIC, Anjos IIL, Monge N, Faustino CMC, Ribeiro IAC. A Glance at Antimicrobial Strategies to Prevent Catheter-Associated Medical Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3109-3130. [PMID: 33245664 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urinary and intravascular catheters are two of the most used invasive medical devices; however, microbial colonization of catheter surfaces is responsible for most healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Several antimicrobial-coated catheters are available, but recurrent antibiotic therapy can decrease their potential activity against resistant bacterial strains. The aim of this Review is to question the actual effectiveness of currently used (coated) catheters and describe the progress and promise of alternative antimicrobial coatings. Different strategies have been reviewed with the common goal of preventing biofilm formation on catheters, including release-based approaches using antibiotics, antiseptics, nitric oxide, 5-fluorouracil, and silver as well as contact-killing approaches employing quaternary ammonium compounds, chitosan, antimicrobial peptides, and enzymes. All of these strategies have given proof of antimicrobial efficacy by modifying the physiology of pathogens or disrupting their structural integrity. The aim for synergistic approaches using multitarget processes and the combination of both antifouling and bactericidal properties holds potential for the near future. Despite intensive research in biofilm preventive strategies, laboratorial studies still present some limitations since experimental conditions usually are not the same and also differ from biological conditions encountered when the catheter is inserted in the human body. Consequently, in most cases, the efficacy data obtained from in vitro studies is not properly reflected in the clinical setting. Thus, further well-designed clinical trials and additional cytotoxicity studies are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of the developed antimicrobial strategies in the prevention of biofilm formation at catheter surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I. C. Ricardo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês I. L. Anjos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Monge
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais (CIED), Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Campus de Benfica do IPL, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia M. C. Faustino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel A. C. Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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29
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Wang S, Breslawec AP, Li C, Poulin MB. A Colorimetric Assay to Enable High-Throughput Identification of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide-Hydrolyzing Enzymes. Chemistry 2020; 26:10719-10723. [PMID: 32589289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidase enzymes that hydrolyze the biofilm exopolysaccharide poly-β-(1→6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) are critical tools to study biofilm and potential therapeutic biofilm dispersal agents. Function-driven metagenomic screening is a powerful approach for the discovery of new glycosidase but requires sensitive assays capable of distinguishing between the desired enzyme and functionally related enzymes. Herein, we report the synthesis of a colorimetric PNAG disaccharide analogue whose hydrolysis by PNAG glycosidases results in production of para-nitroaniline that can be continuously monitored at 410 nm. The assay is specific for enzymes capable of hydrolyzing PNAG and not related β-hexosaminidase enzymes with alternative glycosidic linkage specificities. This analogue enabled development of a continuous colorimetric assay for detection of PNAG hydrolyzing enzyme activity in crude E. coli cell lysates and suggests that this disaccharide probe will be critical for establishing the functional screening of metagenomic DNA libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexandra P Breslawec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Myles B Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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30
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Liu Z, Hong CJ, Yang Y, Dai L, Ho CL. Advances in Bacterial Biofilm Management for Maintaining Microbiome Homeostasis. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900320. [PMID: 32510869 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Certain microbial biofilm in the human-microbiota community can negatively impact the host microbiome. This gives rise to various methods to prevent the formation of biofilms or to facilitate biofilm dispersal from surfaces and tissues in the host. Despite all these efforts, these persistent microbial biofilms on surfaces and in the host tissue can result in health problems to the host and its microbiome. It is the adaptive behavior of microbes within the biofilm that confers on these tenacious microbes the resistance to harsh environments, antibiotic treatments, and the ability to evade the host immune system. In this review, the approaches to combat microbial biofilm in the last decade are discussed. The biochemical pathway regulating biofilm formation is first discussed, followed by the discussion of the three approaches to combat biofilm formation: physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The advances in these approaches have given rise to methods of effectively dispersing the microbial biofilm and preventing the adherence of these microbial communities altogether. As there are numerous approaches to target biofilm, in this review the attempt is to provide insights on how these approaches have been used to modulate the host-microbiome by looking at the individual strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Can-Jian Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongshuai Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chun Loong Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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31
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El-Mowafy M, Elgaml A, Shaaban M. New Approaches for Competing Microbial Resistance and Virulence. Microorganisms 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Szymańska M, Karakulska J, Sobolewski P, Kowalska U, Grygorcewicz B, Böttcher D, Bornscheuer UT, Drozd R. Glycoside hydrolase (PelA h) immobilization prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on cellulose-based wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116625. [PMID: 32747262 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is recognized as a wound dressing material well-suited for chronic wounds; however, it has no intrinsic antimicrobial activity. Further, the formation of biofilms can limit the effectiveness of the pre-saturation of BC with antimicrobial agents. Here, to hinder biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, we immobilized the hydrolytic domain of PelA (a glycohydrolase involved in the synthesis of biofilm polysaccharide Pel) on the surface of BC. The immobilization of 32.35 ± 1.05 mg PelAh per g BC membrane resulted in an eight-fold higher P. aeruginosa cell detachment from BC membrane, indicating reduced biofilm matrix stability. Further, 1D and 2D infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated systematic reduction of polysaccharide biofilm elements, confirming the specificity of immobilized PelAh. Importantly, BC-PelAh was not cytotoxic towards L929 fibroblast cells. Thus, we conclude that PelAh can be used in BC wound dressings for safe and specific protection against biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szymańska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 45 Piastow Avenue, 71-311, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Karakulska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 45 Piastow Avenue, 71-311, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Peter Sobolewski
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 45 Piastów Avenue, 71-311, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Urszula Kowalska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 35 Klemensa Janickiego Str., 71-270, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wielkopolskich Str., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominique Böttcher
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Radosław Drozd
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 45 Piastow Avenue, 71-311, Szczecin, Poland.
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Abstract
Despite efforts to develop new antibiotics, antibacterial resistance still develops too fast for drug discovery to keep pace. Often, resistance against a new drug develops even before it reaches the market. This continued resistance crisis has demonstrated that resistance to antibiotics with single protein targets develops too rapidly to be sustainable. Most successful long-established antibiotics target more than one molecule or possess targets, which are encoded by multiple genes. This realization has motivated a change in antibiotic development toward drug candidates with multiple targets. Some mechanisms of action presuppose multiple targets or at least multiple effects, such as targeting the cytoplasmic membrane or the carrier molecule bactoprenol phosphate and are therefore particularly promising. Moreover, combination therapy approaches are being developed to break antibiotic resistance or to sensitize bacteria to antibiotic action. In this Review, we provide an overview of antibacterial multitarget approaches and the mechanisms behind them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Alan Gray
- Newcastle University
Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH Newcastle
upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Division of Chemical
Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Eddenden A, Kitova EN, Klassen JS, Nitz M. An Inactive Dispersin B Probe for Monitoring PNAG Production in Biofilm Formation. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1204-1211. [PMID: 31917539 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial exopolysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine is a major extracellular matrix component in biofilms of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. We have leveraged the specificity of the biofilm-dispersing glycoside hydrolase Dispersin B (DspB) to generate a probe (Dispersin B PNAG probe, DiPP) for monitoring PNAG production and localization during biofilm formation. Mutation of the active site of Dispersin B gave DiPP, which was an effective probe despite its low affinity for PNAG oligosaccharides (KD ∼ 1-10 mM). Imaging of PNAG-dependent and -independent biofilms stained with a fluorescent-protein fusion of DiPP (GFP-DiPP) demonstrated the specificity of the probe for the structure of PNAG on both single-cell and biofilm levels, indicating a high local concentration of PNAG at the bacterial cell surface. Through quantitative bacterial cell binding assays and confocal microscopy analysis using GFP-DiPP, discrete areas of local high concentrations of PNAG were detected on the surface of early log phase cells. These distinct areas were seen to grow, slough from cells, and accumulate in interbacterial regions over the course of several cell divisions, showing the development of a PNAG-dependent biofilm. A potential helical distribution of staining was also noted, suggesting some degree of organization of PNAG production at the cell surface prior to cell aggregation. Together, these experiments shed light on the early stages of PNAG-dependent biofilm formation and demonstrate the value of a low-affinity-high-specificity probe for monitoring the production of bacterial exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eddenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Elena N. Kitova
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John S. Klassen
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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35
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Hagen CRM, Singh A, Weese JS, Marshall Q, Zur Linden A, Gibson TWG. In vitro elution of amikacin and Dispersin B from a polymer hydrogel. Vet Surg 2020; 49:1035-1042. [PMID: 32311144 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the in vitro elution of amikacin and Dispersin B (β-N-acetylglucosaminidase) in a degradable hydrogel. STUDY DESIGN In vitro, prospective study. METHODS Amikacin (group A; 40 mg/mL), Dispersin B (group D; 70 μg/mL), or combined amikacin and Dispersin B (group AD; 40 mg/mL and 70 μg/mL, respectively) were added to a hydrogel. Ten aliquots per group were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline that was exchanged at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours and then once daily for 10 days. Eluted amikacin and Dispersin B were quantitated by using an amikacin reagent kit and a Dispersin B enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, respectively. Time point drug concentrations were compared between groups by using repeated-measures analysis of variance, and total drug elution was compared by using an area under the curve calculation. RESULTS Amikacin alone, Dispersin B alone, and amikacin and Dispersin B combined together underwent rapid elution in the first 24 hours, followed by a gradual decrease over 10 days. The concentration of Dispersin B eluted in group D was higher at 1 day and lower from day 5 to day 10 compared with that in group AD. The concentration of amikacin eluted in group A was higher at 1, 4, and 8 hours and on day 10 and lower on day 1 compared with that in group AD. The total elution of amikacin was greater from group AD compared with that from group A (P = .02). CONCLUSION Combining amikacin and Dispersin B had an affect on the total elution of amikacin but not Dispersin B. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The combination of amikacin and Dispersin B in a degradable hydrogel could allow local treatment of complex infections without the requirement for multiple invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R M Hagen
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quinn Marshall
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Zur Linden
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas W G Gibson
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Venugopal A, Mondal S, Ranganatha KS, Datta D, Kumar NS, Swamy MJ. Purification and biochemical/biophysical characterization of two hexosaminidases from the fresh water mussel, Lamellidens corrianus. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:754-766. [PMID: 31987953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two thermostable isoforms of a hexosaminidase were purified to homogeneity from the soluble extract of fresh water mussel Lamellidens corrianus, employing a variety of chromatographic techniques. Hexosaminidase A (HexA) is a heterodimer with subunit masses of ~80 and 55 kDa. Hexosaminidase B (HexB) is a homodimer with a subunit mass of 55-60 kDa. Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies indicated that both HexA and HexB contain β-sheet as the major secondary structural component with considerably lower content of α-helix. The temperature and pH optima of both the isoforms were found to be 60 °C and 4.0, respectively. The IC50 values for HexA with N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-galactosamine, d-glucosamine, methyl α-d-mannopyranoside and d-mannose are 3.7, 72.8, 307, 216, 244 and 128 mM, respectively, whereas the corresponding IC50 values for HexB were estimated as 5.1, 61, 68, 190, 92 and 133 mM, respectively. Kinetic parameters KM and Vmax for HexA and B with p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide are 4 mM, 0.23 μmol·min-1·mL-1 and 2.86 mM, 0.29 μmol·min-1·mL-1, respectively, and with p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminide are 4.5 mM, 0.054 μmol·min-1·mL-1 and 1.4 mM, 0.14 μmol·min-1·mL-1, respectively. GalNAc inhibited both isoforms in a non-competitive manner, whereas a mixed mode of inhibition was observed with GlcNAc with both forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saradamoni Mondal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | | | - Debparna Datta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Nadimpalli Siva Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Musti J Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Chen C, Feng P, Slots J. Herpesvirus-bacteria synergistic interaction in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:42-64. [PMID: 31850623 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of severe periodontitis includes herpesvirus-bacteria coinfection. This article evaluates the pathogenicity of herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus) and periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis) and coinfection of these infectious agents in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Cytomegalovirus and A. actinomycetemcomitans/P. gingivalis exercise synergistic pathogenicity in the development of localized ("aggressive") juvenile periodontitis. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus are associated with P. gingivalis in adult types of periodontitis. Periodontal herpesviruses that enter the general circulation may also contribute to disease development in various organ systems. A 2-way interaction is likely to occur between periodontal herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria, with herpesviruses promoting bacterial upgrowth, and bacterial factors reactivating latent herpesviruses. Bacterial-induced gingivitis may facilitate herpesvirus colonization of the periodontium, and herpesvirus infections may impede the antibacterial host defense and alter periodontal cells to predispose for bacterial adherence and invasion. Herpesvirus-bacteria synergistic interactions, are likely to comprise an important pathogenic determinant of aggressive periodontitis. However, mechanistic investigations into the molecular and cellular interaction between periodontal herpesviruses and bacteria are still scarce. Herpesvirus-bacteria coinfection studies may yield significant new discoveries of pathogenic determinants, and drug and vaccine targets to minimize or prevent periodontitis and periodontitis-related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zeng K, Sun EJ, Liu ZW, Guo J, Yuan C, Yang Y, Xie H. Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with an IDA or TED modified surface for purification and immobilization of poly-histidine tagged proteins. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11524-11534. [PMID: 35495316 PMCID: PMC9050487 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) chelating with metal ions can specifically interact with poly-histidine peptides and facilitate immobilization and purification of proteins with poly-histidine tags. Fabrication of MNPs is generally complicated and time consuming. In this paper, we report the preparation of Ni(ii) ion chelated MNPs (Ni-MNPs) in two stages for protein immobilization and purification. In the first stage, organic ligands including pentadentate tris (carboxymethyl) ethylenediamine (TED) and tridentate iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and inorganic Fe3O4–SiO2 MNPs were synthesized separately. In the next stage, ligands were grafted to the surface of MNPs and MNPs with a TED or IDA modified surface were acquired, followed by chelating with Ni(ii) ions. The Ni(ii) ion chelated forms of MNPs (Ni-MNPs) were characterized including morphology, surface charge, structure, size distribution and magnetic response. Taking a his-tagged glycoside hydrolase DspB (Dispersin B) as the protein representative, specific interactions were confirmed between DspB and Ni-MNPs. Purification of his-tagged DspB was achieved with Ni-MNPs that exhibited better performance in terms of purity and activity of DspB than commercial Ni-NTA. Ni-MNPs as enzyme carriers for DspB also exhibited good compatibility and reasonable reusability as well as improved performance in various conditions. This article reports a novel approach for synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with a modified surface for purification and immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - En-Jie Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Ze-Wen Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Junhui Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Chengqing Yuan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Staffordshire ST4 7QB UK
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
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Abstract
Aim To demonstrate that myrrh oil preferentially kills nongrowing bacteria and causes no resistance development. Method Growth inhibition was determined on regular plates or plates without nutrients, which were later overlaid with soft agar containing nutrients to continue growth. Killing experiments were done in broth and in buffer without nutrients. Results Bacterial cells were inhibited preferentially in the absence of nutrients or when growth was halted by a bacteriostatic antibiotic. After five passages in myrrh oil, surviving colonies showed no resistance to the antibiotic. Conclusion Myrrh oil has the potential to be a commercially viable antibiotic that kills persister cells and causes no resistance development. This is a rare example of an antibiotic that can preferentially kill nongrowing bacteria.
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Yu M, Chua SL. Demolishing the great wall of biofilms in Gram‐negative bacteria: To disrupt or disperse? Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1103-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
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Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Claesson R, Jensen AB, Åberg CH, Haubek D. Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans: Clinical Significance of a Pathobiont Subjected to Ample Changes in Classification and Nomenclature. Pathogens 2019; 8:E243. [PMID: 31752205 PMCID: PMC6963667 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is part of the oral microbiota. The aggregative nature of this pathogen or pathobiont is crucial to its involvement in human disease. It has been cultured from non-oral infections for more than a century, while its portrayal as an aetiological agent in periodontitis has emerged more recently. A. actinomycetemcomitans is one species among a plethora of microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiota. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans encodes several putative toxins, the complex interplay with other partners of the oral microbiota and the suppression of host response may be central for inflammation and infection in the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical significance, classification, and characterisation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, which has exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rolf Claesson
- Department of Odontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Anne Birkeholm Jensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Carola Höglund Åberg
- Department of Odontology, Division of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorte Haubek
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
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D'Gama JD, Ma Z, Zhang H, Liu X, Fan H, Morris ERA, Cohen ND, Cywes-Bentley C, Pier GB, Waldor MK. A Conserved Streptococcal Virulence Regulator Controls the Expression of a Distinct Class of M-Like Proteins. mBio 2019; 10:e02500-19. [PMID: 31641092 PMCID: PMC6805998 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02500-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) are group C streptococci that are important pathogens of economically valuable animals such as horses and pigs. Here, we found that many SEZ isolates bind to a monoclonal antibody that recognizes poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), a polymer that is found as a surface capsule-like structure on diverse microbes. A fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based transposon insertion sequencing (Tn-seq) screen, coupled with whole-genome sequencing, was used to search for genes for PNAG biosynthesis. Surprisingly, mutations in a gene encoding an M-like protein, szM, and the adjacent transcription factor, designated sezV, rendered strains PNAG negative. SezV was required for szM expression and transcriptome analysis showed that SezV has a small regulon. SEZ strains with inactivating mutations in either sezV or szM were highly attenuated in a mouse model of infection. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that linked sezV and szM homologues are present in all SEZ, S. equi subspecies equi (SEE), and M18 group A streptococcal (GAS) genomes in the database, but not in other streptococci. The antibody to PNAG bound to a wide range of SEZ, SEE, and M18 GAS strains. Immunochemical studies suggest that the SzM protein may be decorated with a PNAG-like oligosaccharide although an intact oligosaccharide substituent could not be isolated. Collectively, our findings suggest that the szM and sezV loci define a subtype of virulent streptococci and that an antibody to PNAG may have therapeutic applications in animal and human diseases caused by streptococci bearing SzM-like proteins.IMPORTANCE M proteins are surface-anchored virulence factors in group A streptococci, human pathogens. Here, we identified an M-like protein, SzM, and its positive regulator, SezV, in Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ), an important group of pathogens for domesticated animals, including horses and pigs. SzM and SezV homologues were found in the genomes of all SEZ and S. equi subspecies equi and M18 group A streptococcal strains analyzed but not in other streptococci. Mutant SEZ strains lacking either sezV or szM were highly attenuated in a mouse model of infection. Collectively, our findings suggest that SezV-related regulators and the linked SzM family of M-like proteins define a new subset of virulent streptococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D D'Gama
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhe Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ellen Ruth A Morris
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Noah D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Colette Cywes-Bentley
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald B Pier
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang S, Breslawec AP, Alvarez E, Tyrlik M, Li C, Poulin MB. Differential Recognition of Deacetylated PNAG Oligosaccharides by a Biofilm Degrading Glycosidase. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1998-2005. [PMID: 31430121 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides consisting of partially de-N-acetylated poly-β-d-(1→6)-N-acetyl-glucosamine (dPNAG) are key structural components of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens. De-N-acetylation is required for the proper assembly and function of dPNAG in biofilm development suggesting that different patterns of deacetylation may be preferentially recognized by proteins that interact with dPNAG, such as Dispersin B (DspB). The enzymatic degradation of dPNAG by the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans native β-hexosaminidase enzyme DspB plays a role in biofilm dispersal. To test the role of substrate de-N-acetylation on substrate recognition by DspB, we applied an efficient preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation approach to prepare a panel of dPNAG trisaccharide analogs with defined acetylation patterns. These analogs served as effective DspB substrates, and the rate of hydrolysis was dependent on the specific substrate de-N-acetylation pattern, with glucosamine (GlcN) located +2 from the site of cleavage being preferentially hydrolyzed. The product distributions support a primarily exoglycosidic cleavage activity following a substrate assisted cleavage mechanism, with the exception of substrates containing a nonreducing GlcN that were cleaved endo leading to the exclusive formation of a nonreducing disaccharide product. These observations provide critical insight into the substrate specificity of dPNAG specific glycosidase that can help guide their design as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexandra P. Breslawec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Elaine Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Michal Tyrlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Myles B. Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Visvalingam J, Zhang P, Ells TC, Yang X. Dynamics of Biofilm Formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Beef Processing Plant Bacteria in Mono- and Dual-Species Cultures. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:375-387. [PMID: 30547194 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of bacteria from a beef plant conveyor belt on the biofilm formation of Salmonella in dual-species cultures. Beef plant isolates (50) including 18 Gram-negative aerobes (GNA), 8 Gram-positive aerobes (GPA), 5 lactic acid bacteria (LAB), 9 Enterobacteriaceae (EB), and 10 generic Escherichia coli (GEC) were included for developing biofilms in mono- and co-culture with S. Typhimurium at 15 °C for 6 days. Five selected cultures in planktonic form and in biofilms were tested for susceptibility to two commonly used sanitizers (i.e. E-San and Perox-E Plus). In mono-cultures, ≥ 80, 67, 61, 20, and 13% of GEC, EB, GNA, LAB, and GPA, respectively, developed measurable biofilms after 2 days, while all co-culture pairings with S. Typhimurium achieved some level of biofilm production. The predominant effect of EB and only effect of GEC strains on the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium was antagonistic, while that of Gram-positive bacteria was synergistic, with the effect being more prominent on day 6. The effect was highly variable for the GNA isolates. Six aerobic isolates that formed moderate/strong biofilms by day 2 greatly boosted the co-culture biofilm formation. Seven Gram-negative bacteria were antagonistic against the biofilm formation of the co-cultures. Both sanitizers completely inactivated the selected planktonic cultures, but were largely ineffective against biofilms. In conclusion, all beef plant isolates assessed formed biofilms when paired with S. Typhimurium. Aerobic biofilm formers may create a more favorable condition for Salmonella biofilm formation, while some beef plant isolates have potential as a biocontrol strategy for Salmonella biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyachchandran Visvalingam
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
- Kane Biotech Inc, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Timothy C Ells
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia, B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Xianqin Yang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada.
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Fine DH, Patil AG, Velusamy SK. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( Aa) Under the Radar: Myths and Misunderstandings of Aa and Its Role in Aggressive Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31040843 PMCID: PMC6476972 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a low-abundance Gram-negative oral pathobiont that is highly associated with a silent but aggressive orphan disease that results in periodontitis and tooth loss in adolescents of African heritage. For the most part Aa conducts its business by utilizing strategies allowing it to conceal itself below the radar of the host mucosal immune defense system. A great deal of misinformation has been conveyed with respect to Aa biology in health and disease. The purpose of this review is to present misconceptions about Aa and the strategies that it uses to colonize, survive, and evade the host. In the process Aa manages to undermine host mucosal defenses and contribute to disease initiation. This review will present clinical observational, molecular, and interventional studies that illustrate genetic, phenotypic, and biogeographical tactics that have been recently clarified and demonstrate how Aa survives and suppresses host mucosal defenses to take part in disease pathogenesis. At one point in time Aa was considered to be the causative agent of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. Currently, it is most accurate to look at Aa as a community activist and necessary partner of a pathogenic consortium that suppresses the initial host response so as to encourage overgrowth of its partners. The data for Aa's activist role stems from molecular genetic studies complemented by experimental animal investigations that demonstrate how Aa establishes a habitat (housing), nutritional sustenance in that habitat (food), and biogeographical mobilization and/or relocation from its initial habitat (transportation). In this manner Aa can transfer to a protected but vulnerable domain (pocket or sulcus) where its community activism is most useful. Aa's “strategy” includes obtaining housing, food, and transportation at no cost to its partners challenging the economic theory that “there ain't no such thing as a free lunch.” This “strategy” illustrates how co-evolution can promote Aa's survival, on one hand, and overgrowth of community members, on the other, which can result in local host dysbiosis and susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Amey G Patil
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Senthil K Velusamy
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
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Wang M, Zheng F, Wang T, Lyu YM, Alteen MG, Cai ZP, Cui ZL, Liu L, Voglmeir J. Characterization of Stackebrandtia nassauensis GH 20 Beta-Hexosaminidase, a Versatile Biocatalyst for Chitobiose Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051243. [PMID: 30871033 PMCID: PMC6429369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An unstudied β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (SnHex) from the soil bacterium Stackebrandtia nassauensis was successfully cloned and subsequently expressed as a soluble protein in Escherichia coli. Activity tests and the biochemical characterization of the purified protein revealed an optimum pH of 6.0 and a robust thermal stability at 50 °C within 24 h. The addition of urea (1 M) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (1% w/v) reduced the activity of the enzyme by 44% and 58%, respectively, whereas the addition of divalent metal ions had no effect on the enzymatic activity. PUGNAc (O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate) strongly inhibited the enzyme in sub-micromolar concentrations. The β-N-acetylhexosaminidase was able to hydrolyze β1,2-linked, β1,3-linked, β1,4-linked, and β1,6-linked GlcNAc residues from the non-reducing end of various tested glycan standards, including bisecting GlcNAc from one of the tested hybrid-type N-glycan substrates. A mutational study revealed that the amino acids D306 and E307 bear the catalytically relevant side acid/base side chains. When coupled with a chitinase, the β-N-acetylhexosaminidase was able to generate GlcNAc directly from colloidal chitin, which showed the potential of this enzyme for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yong-Mei Lyu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Matthew G Alteen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Zhi-Peng Cai
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhong-Li Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Abstract
Staphylococci, with the leading species Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, are the most frequent causes of infections on indwelling medical devices. The biofilm phenotype that those bacteria adopt during device-associated infection facilitates increased resistance to antibiotics and host immune defenses. This review presents and discusses the molecular mechanisms contributing to staphylococcal biofilm development and their in-vivo importance. Furthermore, it summarizes current strategies for the development of therapeutics against staphylococcal biofilm-associated infection.
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49
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Kaplan JB, Mlynek KD, Hettiarachchi H, Alamneh YA, Biggemann L, Zurawski DV, Black CC, Bane CE, Kim RK, Granick MS. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-degrading enzymes reduce staphylococcal surface attachment and biocide resistance on pig skin in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205526. [PMID: 30304066 PMCID: PMC6179274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as extracellular DNA (eDNA) and poly-N-acetylglucosamine surface polysaccharide (PNAG) mediate numerous virulence traits including host colonization and antimicrobial resistance. Previous studies showed that EPS-degrading enzymes increase staphylococcal biocide susceptibility in vitro and in vivo, and decrease virulence in animal models. In the present study we tested the effect of EPS-degrading enzymes on staphylococcal skin colonization and povidone iodine susceptibility using a novel in vivo pig model that enabled us to colonize and treat 96 isolated areas of skin on a single animal in vivo. To quantitate skin colonization, punch biopsies of colonized areas were homogenized, diluted, and plated on agar for colony forming unit enumeration. Skin was colonized with either Staphylococcus epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus. Two EPS-degrading enzymes, DNase I and the PNAG-degrading enzyme dispersin B, were employed. Enzymes were tested for their ability to inhibit skin colonization and detach preattached bacteria. The effect of enzymes on the susceptibility of preattached S. aureus to killing by povidone iodine was also measured. We found that dispersin B significantly inhibited skin colonization by S. epidermidis and detached preattached S. epidermidis cells from skin. A cocktail of dispersin B and DNase I detached preattached S. aureus cells from skin and increased their susceptibility to killing by povidone iodine. These findings suggest that staphylococcal EPS components such as eDNA and PNAG contribute to skin colonization and biocide resistance in vivo. EPS-degrading enzymes may be a useful adjunct to conventional skin antisepsis procedures in order to further reduce skin bioburden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin D. Mlynek
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Hashani Hettiarachchi
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Yonas A. Alamneh
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lionel Biggemann
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel V. Zurawski
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chad C. Black
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Bane
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Kim
- Wound Infections Department, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Granick
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
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Control of Biofilm Formation in Healthcare: Recent Advances Exploiting Quorum-Sensing Interference Strategies and Multidrug Efflux Pump Inhibitors. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091676. [PMID: 30201944 PMCID: PMC6163278 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation in healthcare is an issue of considerable concern, as it results in increased morbidity and mortality, imposing a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Biofilms are highly resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapies and lead to persistent infections. Hence, there is a high demand for novel strategies other than conventional antibiotic therapies to control biofilm-based infections. There are two approaches which have been employed so far to control biofilm formation in healthcare settings: one is the development of biofilm inhibitors based on the understanding of the molecular mechanism of biofilm formation, and the other is to modify the biomaterials which are used in medical devices to prevent biofilm formation. This review will focus on the recent advances in anti-biofilm approaches by interrupting the quorum-sensing cellular communication system and the multidrug efflux pumps which play an important role in biofilm formation. Research efforts directed towards these promising strategies could eventually lead to the development of better anti-biofilm therapies than the conventional treatments.
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