1
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Li T, Zhang G, Zhang X, Lin H, Liu Q. The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome: Genotypic and phenotypic classification and targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015792. [PMID: 36408177 PMCID: PMC9669583 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
EMS(8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome, EMS) is an aggressive hematological neoplasm with/without eosinophilia caused by a rearrangement of the FGFR1 gene at 8p11-12. It was found that all cases carry chromosome abnormalities at the molecular level, not only the previously reported chromosome translocation and insertion but also a chromosome inversion. These abnormalities produced 17 FGFR1 fusion genes, of which the most common partner genes are ZNF198 on 13q11-12 and BCR of 22q11.2. The clinical manifestations can develop into AML (acute myeloid leukemia), T-LBL (T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma), CML (chronic myeloid leukemia), CMML (chronic monomyelocytic leukemia), or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). Most patients are resistant to traditional chemotherapy, and a minority of patients achieve long-term clinical remission after stem cell transplantation. Recently, the therapeutic effect of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as pemigatinib and infigratinib) in 8p11 has been confirmed in vitro and clinical trials. The TKIs may become an 8p11 treatment option as an alternative to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaoling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Nita A, Abraham SP, Krejci P, Bosakova M. Oncogenic FGFR Fusions Produce Centrosome and Cilia Defects by Ectopic Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1445. [PMID: 34207779 PMCID: PMC8227969 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single primary cilium projects from most vertebrate cells to guide cell fate decisions. A growing list of signaling molecules is found to function through cilia and control ciliogenesis, including the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). Aberrant FGFR activity produces abnormal cilia with deregulated signaling, which contributes to pathogenesis of the FGFR-mediated genetic disorders. FGFR lesions are also found in cancer, raising a possibility of cilia involvement in the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Here, we focus on FGFR gene fusions, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they function as oncogenic drivers. We show that a substantial portion of the FGFR fusion partners are proteins associated with the centrosome cycle, including organization of the mitotic spindle and ciliogenesis. The functions of centrosome proteins are often lost with the gene fusion, leading to haploinsufficiency that induces cilia loss and deregulated cell division. We speculate that this complements the ectopic FGFR activity and drives the FGFR fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Sara P. Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Ryu H, Lee H, Lee J, Noh H, Shin M, Kumar V, Hong S, Kim J, Park S. The molecular dynamics of subdistal appendages in multi-ciliated cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:612. [PMID: 33504787 PMCID: PMC7840914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The motile cilia of ependymal cells coordinate their beats to facilitate a forceful and directed flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Each cilium originates from a basal body with a basal foot protruding from one side. A uniform alignment of these basal feet is crucial for the coordination of ciliary beating. The process by which the basal foot originates from subdistal appendages of the basal body, however, is unresolved. Here, we show FGFR1 Oncogene Partner (FOP) is a useful marker for delineating the transformation of a circular, unpolarized subdistal appendage into a polarized structure with a basal foot. Ankyrin repeat and SAM domain-containing protein 1A (ANKS1A) interacts with FOP to assemble region I of the basal foot. Importantly, disruption of ANKS1A reduces the size of region I. This produces an unstable basal foot, which disrupts rotational polarity and the coordinated beating of cilia in young adult mice. ANKS1A deficiency also leads to severe degeneration of the basal foot in aged mice and the detachment of cilia from their basal bodies. This role of ANKS1A in the polarization of the basal foot is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates. Thus, ANKS1A regulates FOP to build and maintain the polarity of subdistal appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Hyuna Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Miram Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Sejeong Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea.
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4
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Joachimiak E, Waclawek E, Niziolek M, Osinka A, Fabczak H, Gaertig J, Wloga D. The LisH Domain-Containing N-Terminal Fragment is Important for the Localization, Dimerization, and Stability of Katnal2 in Tetrahymena. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020292. [PMID: 31991798 PMCID: PMC7072489 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Katanin-like 2 protein (Katnal2) orthologs have a tripartite domain organization. Two highly conserved regions, an N-terminal LisH (Lis-homology) domain and a C-terminal AAA catalytic domain, are separated by a less conserved linker. The AAA domain of Katnal2 shares the highest amino acid sequence homology with the AAA domain of the canonical katanin p60. Katnal2 orthologs are present in a wide range of eukaryotes, from protists to humans. In the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, a Katnal2 ortholog, Kat2, co-localizes with the microtubular structures, including basal bodies and ciliary outer doublets, and this co-localization is sensitive to levels of microtubule glutamylation. The functional analysis of Kat2 domains suggests that an N-terminal fragment containing a LisH domain plays a role in the subcellular localization, dimerization, and stability of Kat2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (E.W.); (M.N.); (A.O.); (H.F.)
| | - Ewa Waclawek
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (E.W.); (M.N.); (A.O.); (H.F.)
| | - Michal Niziolek
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (E.W.); (M.N.); (A.O.); (H.F.)
| | - Anna Osinka
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (E.W.); (M.N.); (A.O.); (H.F.)
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (E.W.); (M.N.); (A.O.); (H.F.)
| | - Jacek Gaertig
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Dorota Wloga
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (E.W.); (M.N.); (A.O.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(22)-5892338
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Ognibene M, Morini M, Garaventa A, Podestà M, Pezzolo A. Identification of a minimal region of loss on chromosome 6q27 associated with poor survival of high-risk neuroblastoma patients. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:391-399. [PMID: 31959052 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1704122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) often initially respond to therapy, but afterward they become resistant and disease recurred. Unfortunately, it does not exist one or more specific chromosome defects associated with relapse or refractory NB. Recently, genomic evidence from primary tumors indicated that the distal region of chromosome 6q is loss in HR-NB patients with fatal outcome. We identified a minimal common region of loss of chromosome 6q27 spanning an area of 2.09 Mb by high-resolution DNA copy number data of a small cohort of HR-NB samples carrying 6q loss. This region of loss harbored five genes T, SFT2D1, RPS6KA2, FGFR1OP, and UNC93A. We found that low SFT2D1, RPS6KA2, and FGFR1OP gene expression predicted poor outcome in HR-NB patients using public R2 Platform. Further functional studies will be essential to confirm the presumed tumor suppressor gene(s) located within 6q27 region. These results suggest that SFT2D1, RPS6KA2, and FGFR1OP genes may be responsible for poor prognosis of HR-NB tumors with 6q27 loss, and their haploinsufficiency may be crucial in accelerating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Ognibene
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Garaventa
- Dipartimento di Emato-oncologia, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pezzolo
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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6
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Wang H, Wang Z, Tang Q, Yan XX, Xu W. Crystal structure of the LUFS domain of human single-stranded DNA binding Protein 2 (SSBP2). Protein Sci 2019; 28:788-793. [PMID: 30676665 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human single-stranded DNA binding Protein 2 (SSBP2) is a tumor suppressor implicated in multiple cancer forms. The SSBP2 and related SSBP3/SSBP4 proteins are predicted to be intrinsically disordered excepted for their highly conserved N-terminal LUFS (LUG/LUH, Flo8, and SSBP/SSDP) domain. LUFS domains are found in a number of proteins including some transcriptional co-repressors. Although LUFS domains contain an N-terminal Lis homology (LisH) motif that typically forms a stable dimer, no 3D structure of any LUFS domain is available. Here, we report a crystal structure of the LUFS domain of human SSBP2 at 1.52 Å resolution. We show that the SSBP2 LUFS domain forms a homo-tetramer and reveal how an alpha-helix C-terminal to the LisH motif mediates SSBP2 tetramerization (dimerization of dimers). Conservation of the tetramerization interface among LUFS domains suggests that other LUFS domains may also form tetramers in similar manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195
| | - Qun Tang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xue Yan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, DC 98195
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7
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Xie S, Jin J, Xu Z, Huang Y, Zhang W, Zhao L, Lo LJ, Peng J, Liu W, Wang F, Shu Q, Zhou T. Centrosomal protein FOR20 is essential for cilia-dependent development in zebrafish embryos. FASEB J 2018; 33:3613-3622. [PMID: 30475641 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801235rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomal proteins play critical roles in ciliogenesis. Mutations in many centrosomal proteins have been documented to contribute to developmental defects and cilium-related diseases. Centrosomal protein fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 oncogene partner-related protein of 20 kDa (FOR20) is crucial for ciliogenesis in mammalian cells and the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium; however, the biologic significance of FOR20 in vertebrate development remains unclear. We cloned the zebrafish homolog of the for20 gene and found that for20 mRNA is enriched in ciliated tissues during early zebrafish development. Knockdown of for20 by morpholino oligonucleotides in zebrafish results in multiple ciliary phenotypes, including curved body, hydrocephaly, pericardial edema, kidney cysts, and left-right asymmetry defects. for20 morphants show reduced number and length of cilia in Kupffer's vesicle and pronephric ducts. High-speed video microscopy reveals that cilia in most for20 morphants are consistently paralyzed or beat arrhythmically. To confirm the ciliary phenotypes of for20 morphants, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt for20 gene in zebrafish. for20 mutants exhibit multiple ciliary phenotypes resembling the defects in for20 morphants. All of these phenotypes in for20 morphants and mutants are significantly reversed by exogenous expression of for20 mRNA. Taken together, these data suggest that FOR20 is required for cilium-mediated processes during zebrafish embryogenesis.-Xie, S., Jin, J., Xu, Z., Huang, Y., Zhang, W., Zhao, L., Lo, L. J., Peng, J., Liu, W., Wang, F., Shu, Q., Zhou, T. Centrosomal protein FOR20 is essential for cilia-dependent development in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jan Lo
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genomic Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Wilberger AC, McMahon B, Ewalt MD. The power of the partner: defying expectations in a case of a myeloproliferative neoplasm with FGFR1 rearrangement. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 60:1095-1097. [PMID: 30277124 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1516038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Wilberger
- a Division of Hematopathology , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Brandon McMahon
- b Division of Hematology , University of Colorado Cancer Center , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Mark D Ewalt
- a Division of Hematopathology , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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9
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de Araujo TS, Almeida MS. 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shift assignment of lissencephaly-1 homology (LisH) domain homodimer of human two-hybrid-associated protein 1 with RanBPM (Twa1). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2018; 12:99-102. [PMID: 29067546 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The CTLH complex is a large, highly conserved eukaryotic complex composed of eight proteins that has been associated to several cellular functions, more often described as an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in protein degradation through ubiquitination but also via vacuole-dependent degradation. A common feature observed in several components of this complex is the presence of the domains lissencephaly-1 homology (LisH) and C-terminal to LisH (CTLH). The LisH domain is found in several proteins involved in chromosome segregation, microtubule dynamics, and cell migration. Also, this domain participates in protein dimerization, besides affecting protein half-life, and influencing in specific cellular localization. Among the proteins found in the CTLH complex, Twa1 (Two-hybrid-associated protein 1 with RanBPM), also known as Gid8 (glucose-induced degradation protein 8 homolog) is the smallest, being a good model for structural studies by NMR. In this work we report the chemical shift assignments of the homodimeric LisH domain of Twa1, as a first step to determine its solution structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita S de Araujo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcius S Almeida
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Abstract
Obtaining diffracting quality crystals remains a major challenge in protein structure research. We summarize and compare methods for selecting the best protein targets for crystallization, construct optimization and crystallization condition design. Target selection methods are divided into algorithms predicting the chance of successful progression through all stages of structural determination (from cloning to solving the structure) and those focusing only on the crystallization step. We tried to highlight pros and cons of different approaches examining the following aspects: data size, redundancy and representativeness, overfitting during model construction, and results evaluation. In summary, although in recent years progress was made and several sequence properties were reported to be relevant for crystallization, the successful prediction of protein crystallization behavior and selection of corresponding crystallization conditions continue to challenge structural researchers.
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11
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Harmer J, Qi X, Toniolo G, Patel A, Shaw H, Benson FE, Ginger ML, McKean PG. Variation in Basal Body Localisation and Targeting of Trypanosome RP2 and FOR20 Proteins. Protist 2017; 168:452-466. [PMID: 28822909 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TOF-LisH-PLL motifs define FOP family proteins; some members are involved in flagellum assembly. The critical role of FOP family protein FOR20 is poorly understood. Here, we report relative localisations of the four FOP family proteins in parasitic Trypanosoma brucei: TbRP2, TbOFD1 and TbFOP/FOP1-like are mature basal body proteins whereas TbFOR20 is present on pro- and mature basal bodies - on the latter it localises distal to TbRP2. We discuss how the data, together with published work for another protist Giardia intestinalis, informs on likely FOR20 function. Moreover, our localisation study provides convincing evidence that the antigen recognised by monoclonal antibody YL1/2 at trypanosome mature basal bodies is FOP family protein TbRP2, not tyrosinated α-tubulin as widely stated in the literature. Curiously, FOR20 proteins from T. brucei and closely related African trypanosomes possess short, negatively-charged N-terminal extensions absent from FOR20 in other trypanosomatids and other eukaryotes. The extension is necessary for protein targeting, but insufficient to re-direct TbRP2 to probasal bodies. Yet, FOR20 from the American trypanosome T. cruzi, which lacks any extension, localises to pro- and mature basal bodies when expressed in T. brucei. This identifies unexpected variation in FOR20 architecture that is presently unique to one clade of trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Harmer
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Xin Qi
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Gabriella Toniolo
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Aysha Patel
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hannah Shaw
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Fiona E Benson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Michael L Ginger
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Paul G McKean
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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12
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A centrosomal protein FOR20 regulates microtubule assembly dynamics and plays a role in cell migration. Biochem J 2017; 474:2841-2859. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report that a centrosomal protein FOR20 [FOP (FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) oncogene protein)-like protein of molecular mass of 20 kDa; also named as C16orf63, FLJ31153 or PHSECRG2] can regulate the assembly and stability of microtubules. Both FOR20 IgG antibody and GST (glutathione S-transferase)-tagged FOR20 could precipitate tubulin from the HeLa cell extract, indicating a possible interaction between FOR20 and tubulin. FOR20 was also detected in goat brain tissue extract and it cycled with microtubule-associated proteins. Furthermore, FOR20 bound to purified tubulin and inhibited the assembly of tubulin in vitro. The overexpression of FOR20 depolymerized interphase microtubules and the depletion of FOR20 prevented nocodazole-induced depolymerization of microtubules in HeLa cells. In addition, the depletion of FOR20 suppressed the dynamics of individual microtubules in live HeLa cells. FOR20-depleted MDA-MB-231 cells displayed zigzag motion and migrated at a slower rate than the control cells, indicating that FOR20 plays a role in directed cell migration. The results suggested that the centrosomal protein FOR20 is a new member of the microtubule-associated protein family and that it regulates the assembly and dynamics of microtubules.
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13
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Nishijima Y, Hagiya Y, Kubo T, Takei R, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. RABL2 interacts with the intraflagellar transport-B complex and CEP19 and participates in ciliary assembly. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1652-1666. [PMID: 28428259 PMCID: PMC5469608 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RABL2 interacts with the intraflagellar transport-B (IFT-B) complex and CEP19 in a mutually exclusive manner. A point mutation of RABL2 found in sperm motility–defective mice abolishes its binding to IFT-B but not to CEP19. A RABL2-defective Chlamydomonas strain exhibits a nonflagellated phenotype, suggesting a crucial role of RABL2 in ciliary assembly. Proteins localized to the basal body and the centrosome play crucial roles in ciliary assembly and function. Although RABL2 and CEP19 are conserved in ciliated organisms and have been implicated in ciliary/flagellar functions, their roles are poorly understood. Here we show that RABL2 interacts with CEP19 and is recruited to the mother centriole and basal body in a CEP19-dependent manner and that CEP19 is recruited to the centriole probably via its binding to the centrosomal protein FGFR1OP. Disruption of the RABL2 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii results in the nonflagellated phenotype, suggesting a crucial role of RABL2 in ciliary/flagellar assembly. We also show that RABL2 interacts, in its GTP-bound state, with the intraflagellar transport (IFT)-B complex via the IFT74–IFT81 heterodimer and that the interaction is disrupted by a mutation found in male infertile mice (Mot mice) with a sperm flagella motility defect. Intriguingly, RABL2 binds to CEP19 and the IFT74–IFT81 heterodimer in a mutually exclusive manner. Furthermore, exogenous expression of the GDP-locked or Mot-type RABL2 mutant in human cells results in mild defects in ciliary assembly. These results indicate that RABL2 localized to the basal body plays crucial roles in ciliary/flagellar assembly via its interaction with the IFT-B complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nishijima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Hagiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ryota Takei
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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14
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Studies of recombinant TWA1 reveal constitutive dimerization. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160401. [PMID: 27920276 PMCID: PMC5234100 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian muskelin/RanBP9/C-terminal to LisH (CTLH) complex and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose-induced degradation (GID) complex are large, multi-protein complexes that each contain a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase. The yeast GID complex acts to degrade a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, under conditions of abundant fermentable carbon sources. However, the assembly and functions of the mammalian complex remain poorly understood. A striking feature of these complexes is the presence of multiple proteins that contain contiguous lissencephaly-1 homology (LisH), CTLH and C-terminal CT11-RanBP9 (CRA) domains. TWA1/Gid8, the smallest constituent protein of these complexes, consists only of LisH, CTLH and CRA domains and is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Towards better knowledge of the role of TWA1 in these multi-protein complexes, we established a method for bacterial expression and purification of mouse TWA1 that yields tag-free, recombinant TWA1 in quantities suitable for biophysical and biochemical studies. CD spectroscopy of recombinant TWA1 indicated a predominantly α-helical protein. Gel filtration chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) and native PAGE demonstrated a propensity of untagged TWA1 to form stable dimers and, to a lesser extent, higher order oligomers. TWA1 has a single cysteine residue, Cys139, yet the dimeric form was preserved when TWA1 was purified in the presence of the reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). These findings have implications for understanding the molecular role of TWA1 in the yeast GID complex and related multi-protein E3 ubiquitin ligases identified in other eukaryotes.
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15
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Bayless BA, Galati DF, Junker AD, Backer CB, Gaertig J, Pearson CG. Asymmetrically localized proteins stabilize basal bodies against ciliary beating forces. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:457-466. [PMID: 27807131 PMCID: PMC5119938 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal bodies (BBs) organize and anchor motile cilia. This study uncovers components that asymmetrically localize to the rotationally symmetric BBs, where they fortify specific BB domains. Asymmetrically localized BB components are necessary to resist asymmetric ciliary forces. Basal bodies are radially symmetric, microtubule-rich structures that nucleate and anchor motile cilia. Ciliary beating produces asymmetric mechanical forces that are resisted by basal bodies. To resist these forces, distinct regions within the basal body ultrastructure and the microtubules themselves must be stable. However, the molecular components that stabilize basal bodies remain poorly defined. Here, we determine that Fop1 functionally interacts with the established basal body stability components Bld10 and Poc1. We find that Fop1 and microtubule glutamylation incorporate into basal bodies at distinct stages of assembly, culminating in their asymmetric enrichment at specific triplet microtubule regions that are predicted to experience the greatest mechanical force from ciliary beating. Both Fop1 and microtubule glutamylation are required to stabilize basal bodies against ciliary beating forces. Our studies reveal that microtubule glutamylation and Bld10, Poc1, and Fop1 stabilize basal bodies against the forces produced by ciliary beating via distinct yet interdependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Bayless
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Domenico F Galati
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Anthony D Junker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Chelsea B Backer
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Jacek Gaertig
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
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16
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Terzo EA, Lyons SM, Poulton JS, Temple BRS, Marzluff WF, Duronio RJ. Distinct self-interaction domains promote Multi Sex Combs accumulation in and formation of the Drosophila histone locus body. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1559-74. [PMID: 25694448 PMCID: PMC4395134 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila Multi Sex Combs (Mxc) protein is necessary for the recruitment of histone mRNA biosynthetic factors to the histone locus body (HLB). Mxc contains multiple domains required for HLB assembly and histone mRNA biosynthesis. Two N-terminal domains of Mxc are essential for promoting HLB assembly via a self-interaction. Nuclear bodies (NBs) are structures that concentrate proteins, RNAs, and ribonucleoproteins that perform functions essential to gene expression. How NBs assemble is not well understood. We studied the Drosophila histone locus body (HLB), a NB that concentrates factors required for histone mRNA biosynthesis at the replication-dependent histone gene locus. We coupled biochemical analysis with confocal imaging of both fixed and live tissues to demonstrate that the Drosophila Multi Sex Combs (Mxc) protein contains multiple domains necessary for HLB assembly. An important feature of this assembly process is the self-interaction of Mxc via two conserved N-terminal domains: a LisH domain and a novel self-interaction facilitator (SIF) domain immediately downstream of the LisH domain. Molecular modeling suggests that the LisH and SIF domains directly interact, and mutation of either the LisH or the SIF domain severely impairs Mxc function in vivo, resulting in reduced histone mRNA accumulation. A region of Mxc between amino acids 721 and 1481 is also necessary for HLB assembly independent of the LisH and SIF domains. Finally, the C-terminal 195 amino acids of Mxc are required for recruiting FLASH, an essential histone mRNA-processing factor, to the HLB. We conclude that multiple domains of the Mxc protein promote HLB assembly in order to concentrate factors required for histone mRNA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Terzo
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Shawn M Lyons
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - John S Poulton
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Brenda R S Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - William F Marzluff
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert J Duronio
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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17
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Delto CF, Heisler FF, Kuper J, Sander B, Kneussel M, Schindelin H. The LisH motif of muskelin is crucial for oligomerization and governs intracellular localization. Structure 2015; 23:364-73. [PMID: 25579817 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurons regulate the number of surface receptors by balancing the transport to and from the plasma membrane to adjust their signaling properties. The protein muskelin was recently identified as a key factor guiding the transport of α1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Here we present the crystal structure of muskelin, comprising its N-terminal discoidin domain and Lis1-homology (LisH) motif. The molecule crystallized as a dimer with the LisH motif exclusively mediating oligomerization. Our subsequent biochemical analyses confirmed that the LisH motif acts as a dimerization element in muskelin. Together with an intermolecular head-to-tail interaction, the LisH-dependent dimerization is required to assemble a muskelin tetramer. Intriguingly, our cellular studies revealed that the loss of this dimerization results in a complete redistribution of muskelin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and impairs muskelin's function in GABAA receptor transport. These studies demonstrate that the LisH-dependent dimerization is a crucial factor for muskelin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn F Delto
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank F Heisler
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Sander
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Schindelin
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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18
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Lee JY, Hong WJ, Majeti R, Stearns T. Centrosome-kinase fusions promote oncogenic signaling and disrupt centrosome function in myeloproliferative neoplasms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92641. [PMID: 24658090 PMCID: PMC3962438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations observed in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) frequently fuse genes that encode centrosome proteins and tyrosine kinases. This causes constitutive activation of the kinase resulting in aberrant, proliferative signaling. The function of centrosome proteins in these fusions is not well understood. Among others, kinase centrosome localization and constitutive kinase dimerization are possible consequences of centrosome protein-kinase fusions. To test the relative contributions of localization and dimerization on kinase signaling, we targeted inducibly dimerizable FGFR1 to the centrosome and other subcellular locations and generated a mutant of the FOP-FGFR1 MPN fusion defective in centrosome localization. Expression in mammalian cells followed by western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease in kinase signaling upon loss of FOP-FGFR1 centrosome localization. Kinase dimerization alone resulted in phosphorylation of the FGFR1 signaling target PLCγ, however levels comparable to FOP-FGFR1 required subcellular targeting in addition to kinase dimerization. Expression of MPN fusion proteins also resulted in centrosome disruption in epithelial cells and transformed patient cells. Primary human MPN cells showed masses of modified tubulin that colocalized with centrin, Smoothened (Smo), IFT88, and Arl13b. This is distinct from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, which are not associated with centrosome-kinase fusions and had normal centrosomes. Our results suggest that effective proliferative MPN signaling requires both subcellular localization and dimerization of MPN kinases, both of which may be provided by centrosome protein fusion partners. Furthermore, centrosome disruption may contribute to the MPN transformation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Wan-Jen Hong
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America; Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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19
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Andre J, Kerry L, Qi X, Hawkins E, Drizyte K, Ginger ML, McKean PG. An alternative model for the role of RP2 protein in flagellum assembly in the African trypanosome. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:464-75. [PMID: 24257747 PMCID: PMC3879569 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.509521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tubulin cofactor C domain-containing protein TbRP2 is a basal body (centriolar) protein essential for axoneme formation in the flagellate protist Trypanosoma brucei, the causal agent of African sleeping sickness. Here, we show how TbRP2 is targeted and tethered at mature basal bodies and provide novel insight into TbRP2 function. Regarding targeting, understanding how several hundred proteins combine to build a microtubule axoneme is a fundamental challenge in eukaryotic cell biology. We show that basal body localization of TbRP2 is mediated by twinned, N-terminal TOF (TON1, OFD1, and FOP) and LisH motifs, motifs that otherwise facilitate localization of only a few conserved proteins at microtubule-organizing centers in animals, plants, and flagellate protists. Regarding TbRP2 function, there is a debate as to whether the flagellar assembly function of specialized, centriolar tubulin cofactor C domain-containing proteins is processing tubulin, the major component of axonemes, or general vesicular trafficking in a flagellum assembly context. Here we report that TbRP2 is required for the recruitment of T. brucei orthologs of MKS1 and MKS6, proteins that, in animal cells, are part of a complex that assembles at the base of the flagellum to regulate protein composition and cilium function. We also identify that TbRP2 is detected by YL1/2, an antibody classically used to detect α-tubulin. Together, these data suggest a general processing role for TbRP2 in trypanosome flagellum assembly and challenge the notion that TbRP2 functions solely in assessing tubulin “quality” prior to tubulin incorporation into the elongating axoneme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Andre
- From the Faculty of Health and Medicine, Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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20
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Bossi D, Carlomagno F, Pallavicini I, Pruneri G, Trubia M, Raviele PR, Marinelli A, Anaganti S, Cox MC, Viale G, Santoro M, Di Fiore PP, Minucci S. Functional characterization of a novel FGFR1OP-RET rearrangement in hematopoietic malignancies. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:221-31. [PMID: 24315414 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The RET (REarranged during Transfection) receptor tyrosine kinase is targeted by oncogenic rearrangements in thyroid and lung adenocarcinoma. Recently, a RET (exon 12) rearrangement with FGFR1OP [fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) oncogene partner] (exon 12) was identified in one chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patient. We report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel FGFR1OP (exon 11)-RET (exon 11) gene fusion event (named FGFR1OP-RET), mediated by a reciprocal translocation t(6; 10)(q27; q11), in a patient affected by primary myelofibrosis (PMF) with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The FGFR1OP-RET fusion protein displayed constitutive tyrosine kinase and transforming activity in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and induced IL3-independent growth and activation of PI3K/STAT signaling in hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells. FGFR1OP-RET supported cytokine-independent growth, protection from stress and enhanced self-renewal of primary murine hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells in vitro. In vivo, FGFR1OP-RET caused a spectrum of disease phenotypes, with >50% of mice showing a fatal myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Other phenotypes were leukemia transplantable in secondary recipients, dramatic expansion of the mast cell lineage, and reduction of repopulating activity upon lethal irradiation. In conclusion, FGFR1OP-RET chimeric oncogenes are endowed with leukemogenic potential and associated to myeloid neoplasms (CMML and PMF/AML).
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/metabolism
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
- Mice
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Carlomagno
- Department of Biology and Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Pallavicini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Trubia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Suresh Anaganti
- Department of Biology and Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Christina Cox
- Department of Hematology, A.O. Sant'Andrea, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Santoro
- Department of Biology and Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Scienze della Salute, University of Milan, Via di Rudinì 8, 20122 Milan, Italy; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Francis O, Han F, Adams JC. Molecular phylogeny of a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, conserved in eukaryotic cells and dominated by homologous components, the muskelin/RanBPM/CTLH complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75217. [PMID: 24143168 PMCID: PMC3797097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an essential post-translational modification that regulates signalling and protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. Specificity of ubiquitination is driven by ubiquitin E3 ligases, many of which remain poorly understood. One such is the mammalian muskelin/RanBP9/CTLH complex that includes eight proteins, five of which (RanBP9/RanBPM, TWA1, MAEA, Rmnd5 and muskelin), share striking similarities of domain architecture and have been implicated in regulation of cell organisation. In budding yeast, the homologous GID complex acts to down-regulate gluconeogenesis. In both complexes, Rmnd5/GID2 corresponds to a RING ubiquitin ligase. To better understand this E3 ligase system, we conducted molecular phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the related components. TWA1, Rmnd5, MAEA and WDR26 are conserved throughout all eukaryotic supergroups, albeit WDR26 was not identified in Rhizaria. RanBPM is absent from Excavates and from some sub-lineages. Armc8 and c17orf39 were represented across unikonts but in bikonts were identified only in Viridiplantae and in O. trifallax within alveolates. Muskelin is present only in Opisthokonts. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the shared LisH and CTLH domains of RanBPM, TWA1, MAEA and Rmnd5 revealed closer relationships and profiles of conserved residues between, respectively, Rmnd5 and MAEA, and RanBPM and TWA1. Rmnd5 and MAEA are also related by the presence of conserved, variant RING domains. Examination of how N- or C-terminal domain deletions alter the sub-cellular localisation of each protein in mammalian cells identified distinct contributions of the LisH domains to protein localisation or folding/stability. In conclusion, all components except muskelin are inferred to have been present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Diversification of this ligase complex in different eukaryotic lineages may result from the apparently fast evolution of RanBPM, differing requirements for WDR26, Armc8 or c17orf39, and the origin of muskelin in opisthokonts as a RanBPM-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ore Francis
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Fujun Han
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine C. Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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22
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Spinner L, Gadeyne A, Belcram K, Goussot M, Moison M, Duroc Y, Eeckhout D, De Winne N, Schaefer E, Van De Slijke E, Persiau G, Witters E, Gevaert K, De Jaeger G, Bouchez D, Van Damme D, Pastuglia M. A protein phosphatase 2A complex spatially controls plant cell division. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1863. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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23
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Lee JY, Stearns T. FOP is a centriolar satellite protein involved in ciliogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58589. [PMID: 23554904 PMCID: PMC3595297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriolar satellites are proteinaceous granules that are often clustered around the centrosome. Although centriolar satellites have been implicated in protein trafficking in relation to the centrosome and cilium, the details of their function and composition remain unknown. FOP (FGFR1 Oncogene Partner) is a known centrosome protein with homology to the centriolar satellite proteins FOR20 and OFD1. We find that FOP partially co-localizes with the satellite component PCM1 in a cell cycle-dependent manner, similarly to the satellite and cilium component BBS4. As for BBS4, FOP localization to satellites is cell cycle dependent, with few satellites labeled in G1, when FOP protein levels are lowest, and most labeled in G2. FOP-FGFR1, an oncogenic fusion that causes a form of leukemia called myeloproliferative neoplasm, also localizes to centriolar satellites where it increases tyrosine phosphorylation. Depletion of FOP strongly inhibits primary cilium formation in human RPE-1 cells. These results suggest that FOP is a centriolar satellite cargo protein and, as for several other satellite-associated proteins, is involved in ciliogenesis. Localization of the FOP-FGFR1 fusion kinase to centriolar satellites may be relevant to myeloproliferative neoplasm disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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24
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Medves S, Demoulin JB. Tyrosine kinase gene fusions in cancer: translating mechanisms into targeted therapies. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:237-48. [PMID: 21854543 PMCID: PMC3823288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase fusion genes represent an important class of oncogenes associated with leukaemia and solid tumours. They are produced by translocations and other chromosomal rearrangements of a subset of tyrosine kinase genes, including ABL, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, SYK, RET, JAK2 and ALK. Based on recent findings, this review discusses the common mechanisms of activation of these fusion genes. Enforced oligomerization and inactivation of inhibitory domains are the two key processes that switch on the kinase domain. Activated tyrosine kinase fusions then signal via an array of transduction cascades, which are largely shared. In addition, the fusion partner provides a scaffold for the recruitment of proteins that contribute to signalling, protein stability, cellular localization and oligomerization. The expression level of the fusion protein is another critical parameter. Its transcription is controlled by the partner gene promoter, while translation may be regulated by miRNA. Several mechanisms also prevent the degradation of the oncoprotein by proteasomes and lysosomes, leading to its accumulation in cells. The selective inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity by adenosine-5'-triphosphate competitors, such as imatinib, is a major therapeutic success. Imatinib induces remission in leukaemia patients that are positive for BCR-ABL or PDGFR fusions. Recently, crizotinib produced promising results in a subtype of lung cancers with ALK fusion. However, resistance was reported in both cases, partially due to mutations. To tackle this problem, additional levels of therapeutic interventions are suggested by the complex mechanisms of fusion tyrosine kinase activation. New approaches include allosteric inhibition and interfering with oligomerization or chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Medves
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Centrosomal targeting of tyrosine kinase activity does not enhance oncogenicity in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Leukemia 2011; 26:728-35. [PMID: 22015771 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive tyrosine kinase activation by reciprocal chromosomal translocation is a common pathogenetic mechanism in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Since centrosomal proteins have been recurrently identified as translocation partners of tyrosine kinases FGFR1, JAK2, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ in these diseases, a role for the centrosome in oncogenic transformation has been hypothesized. In this study, we addressed the functional role of centrosomally targeted tyrosine kinase activity. First, centrosomal localization was not routinely found for all chimeric fusion proteins tested. Second, targeting of tyrosine kinases to the centrosome by creating artificial chimeric fusion kinases with the centrosomal targeting domain of AKAP450 failed to enhance the oncogenic transforming potential in both Ba/F3 and U2OS cells, although phospho-tyrosine-mediated signal transduction pathways were initiated at the centrosome. We conclude that the centrosomal localization of constitutively activated tyrosine kinases does not contribute to disease pathogenesis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
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Oberoi J, Fairall L, Watson PJ, Yang JC, Czimmerer Z, Kampmann T, Goult BT, Greenwood JA, Gooch JT, Kallenberger BC, Nagy L, Neuhaus D, Schwabe JW. Structural basis for the assembly of the SMRT/NCoR core transcriptional repression machinery. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:177-84. [PMID: 21240272 PMCID: PMC3232451 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic transcriptional repressors function by recruiting large coregulatory complexes that target histone deacetylase enzymes to gene promoters and enhancers. Transcriptional repression complexes, assembled by the corepressor NCoR and its homolog SMRT, are crucial in many processes, including development and metabolic physiology. The core repression complex involves the recruitment of three proteins, HDAC3, GPS2 and TBL1, to a highly conserved repression domain within SMRT and NCoR. We have used structural and functional approaches to gain insight into the architecture and biological role of this complex. We report the crystal structure of the tetrameric oligomerization domain of TBL1, which interacts with both SMRT and GPS2, and the NMR structure of the interface complex between GPS2 and SMRT. These structures, together with computational docking, mutagenesis and functional assays, reveal the assembly mechanism and stoichiometry of the corepressor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeen Oberoi
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester. LE1 9HN
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge. CB2 0QH
| | - Louise Fairall
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester. LE1 9HN
| | - Peter J. Watson
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester. LE1 9HN
| | - Ji-Chun Yang
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge. CB2 0QH
| | - Zsolt Czimmerer
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Building, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1. H-4032 Hungary
| | - Thorsten Kampmann
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester. LE1 9HN
| | - Benjamin T. Goult
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester. LE1 9HN
| | - Jacquie A. Greenwood
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester. LE1 9HN
| | - John T. Gooch
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge. CB2 0QH
| | | | - Laszlo Nagy
- Apoptosis and Genomics Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Building, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1. H-4032 Hungary
| | - David Neuhaus
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge. CB2 0QH
| | - John W.R. Schwabe
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester. LE1 9HN
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Fritz-Laylin LK, Cande WZ. Ancestral centriole and flagella proteins identified by analysis of Naegleria differentiation. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:4024-31. [PMID: 21045110 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.077453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Naegleria gruberi is a single-celled eukaryote best known for its remarkable ability to form an entire microtubule cytoskeleton de novo during its metamorphosis from an amoeba into a flagellate, including basal bodies (equivalent to centrioles), flagella and a cytoplasmic microtubule array. Our publicly available full-genome transcriptional analysis, performed at 20-minute intervals throughout Naegleria differentiation, reveals vast transcriptional changes, including the differential expression of genes involved in metabolism, signaling and the stress response. Cluster analysis of the transcriptional profiles of predicted cytoskeletal genes reveals a set of 55 genes enriched in centriole components (induced early) and a set of 82 genes enriched in flagella proteins (induced late). The early set includes genes encoding nearly every known conserved centriole component, as well as eight previously uncharacterized, highly conserved genes. The human orthologs of at least five genes localize to the centrosomes of human cells, one of which (here named Friggin) localizes specifically to mother centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian K Fritz-Laylin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Sedjaï F, Acquaviva C, Chevrier V, Chauvin JP, Coppin E, Aouane A, Coulier F, Tolun A, Pierres M, Birnbaum D, Rosnet O. Control of ciliogenesis by FOR20, a novel centrosome and pericentriolar satellite protein. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:2391-401. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.065045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are evolutionary conserved organelles that generate fluid movement and locomotion, and play roles in chemosensation, mechanosensation and intracellular signalling. In complex organisms, cilia are highly diversified, which allows them to perform various functions; however, they retain a 9+0 or 9+2 microtubules structure connected to a basal body. Here, we describe FOR20 (FOP-related protein of 20 kDa), a previously uncharacterized and highly conserved protein that is required for normal formation of a primary cilium. FOR20 is found in PCM1-enriched pericentriolar satellites and centrosomes. FOR20 contains a Lis1-homology domain that promotes self-interaction and is required for its satellite localization. Inhibition of FOR20 expression in RPE1 cells decreases the percentage of ciliated cells and the length of the cilium on ciliated cells. It also modifies satellite distribution, as judged by PCM1 staining, and displaces PCM1 from a detergent-insoluble to a detergent-soluble fraction. The subcellular distribution of satellites is dependent on both microtubule integrity and molecular motor activities. Our results suggest that FOR20 could be involved in regulating the interaction of PCM1 satellites with microtubules and motors. The role of FOR20 in primary cilium formation could therefore be linked to its function in regulating pericentriolar satellites. A role for FOR20 at the basal body itself is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Sedjaï
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 891 INSERM, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Claire Acquaviva
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 891 INSERM, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Chevrier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 891 INSERM, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Chauvin
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, UMR 6216 CNRS, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Coppin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 891 INSERM, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Aicha Aouane
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy, UMR 6216 CNRS, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - François Coulier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 891 INSERM, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Aslihan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boǧaziçi University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Michel Pierres
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UMR 6102 INSERM/CNRS, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 891 INSERM, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Rosnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR 891 INSERM, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, F-13007 Marseille, France
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Genome-wide association study for vitiligo identifies susceptibility loci at 6q27 and the MHC. Nat Genet 2010; 42:614-8. [PMID: 20526339 DOI: 10.1038/ng.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study of generalized vitiligo in the Chinese Han population by genotyping 1,117 cases and 1,429 controls. The 34 most promising SNPs were carried forward for replication in samples from individuals of the Chinese Han (5,910 cases and 9,916 controls) and Chinese Uygur (713 cases and 824 controls) populations. We identified two independent association signals within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (rs11966200, Pcombined=1.48x10(-48), OR=1.90; rs9468925, Pcombined=2.21x10(-33), OR=0.74). Further analyses suggested that the strong association at rs11966200 might reflect the reported association of the HLA-A*3001, HLA-B*1302, HLA-C*0602 and HLA-DRB1*0701 alleles and that the association at rs9468925 might represent a previously unknown HLA susceptibility allele. We also identified one previously undescribed risk locus at 6q27 (rs2236313, Pcombined=9.72x10(-17), OR=1.20), which contains three genes: RNASET2, FGFR1OP and CCR6. Our study provides new insights into the genetic basis of vitiligo.
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Abstract
Obtaining well-diffracting crystals remains a major challenge in protein structure research. In this chapter, we review currently available computational methods to estimate the crystallization potential of a protein, to optimize amino acid sequences toward improved crystallization likelihood, and to design optimal crystal screen conditions.
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Goudreault M, D'Ambrosio LM, Kean MJ, Mullin MJ, Larsen BG, Sanchez A, Chaudhry S, Chen GI, Sicheri F, Nesvizhskii AI, Aebersold R, Raught B, Gingras AC. A PP2A phosphatase high density interaction network identifies a novel striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase complex linked to the cerebral cavernous malformation 3 (CCM3) protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:157-71. [PMID: 18782753 PMCID: PMC2621004 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800266-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein phosphatases are targeted to specific subcellular locations and substrates in part via interactions with a wide variety of regulatory proteins. Understanding these interactions is thus critical to understanding phosphatase function. Using an iterative affinity purification/mass spectrometry approach, we generated a high density interaction map surrounding the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit. This approach recapitulated the assembly of the PP2A catalytic subunit into many different trimeric complexes but also revealed several new protein-protein interactions. Here we define a novel large multiprotein assembly, referred to as the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex. STRIPAK contains the PP2A catalytic (PP2Ac) and scaffolding (PP2A A) subunits, the striatins (PP2A regulatory B''' subunits), the striatin-associated protein Mob3, the novel proteins STRIP1 and STRIP2 (formerly FAM40A and FAM40B), the cerebral cavernous malformation 3 (CCM3) protein, and members of the germinal center kinase III family of Ste20 kinases. Although the function of the CCM3 protein is unknown, the CCM3 gene is mutated in familial cerebral cavernous malformations, a condition associated with seizures and strokes. Our proteomics survey indicates that a large portion of the CCM3 protein resides within the STRIPAK complex, opening the way for further studies of CCM3 biology. The STRIPAK assembly establishes mutually exclusive interactions with either the CTTNBP2 proteins (which interact with the cytoskeletal protein cortactin) or a second subcomplex consisting of the sarcolemmal membrane-associated protein (SLMAP) and the related coiled-coil proteins suppressor of IKKepsilon (SIKE) and FGFR1OP2. We have thus identified several novel PP2A-containing protein complexes, including a large assembly linking kinases and phosphatases to a gene mutated in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Goudreault
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
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Valiyaveettil M, Bentley AA, Gursahaney P, Hussien R, Chakravarti R, Kureishy N, Prag S, Adams JC. Novel role of the muskelin-RanBP9 complex as a nucleocytoplasmic mediator of cell morphology regulation. J Cell Biol 2008; 182:727-39. [PMID: 18710924 PMCID: PMC2518711 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200801133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved kelch-repeat protein muskelin was identified as an intracellular mediator of cell spreading. We discovered that its morphological activity is controlled by association with RanBP9/RanBPM, a protein involved in transmembrane signaling and a conserved intracellular protein complex. By subcellular fractionation, endogenous muskelin is present in both the nucleus and the cytosol. Muskelin subcellular localization is coregulated by its C terminus, which provides a cytoplasmic restraint and also controls the interaction of muskelin with RanBP9, and its atypical lissencephaly-1 homology motif, which has a nuclear localization activity which is regulated by the status of the C terminus. Transient or stable short interfering RNA-based knockdown of muskelin resulted in protrusive cell morphologies with enlarged cell perimeters. Morphology was specifically restored by complementary DNAs encoding forms of muskelin with full activity of the C terminus for cytoplasmic localization and RanBP9 binding. Knockdown of RanBP9 resulted in equivalent morphological alterations. These novel findings identify a role for muskelin-RanBP9 complex in pathways that integrate cell morphology regulation and nucleocytoplasmic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Valiyaveettil
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Azimzadeh J, Nacry P, Christodoulidou A, Drevensek S, Camilleri C, Amiour N, Parcy F, Pastuglia M, Bouchez D. Arabidopsis TONNEAU1 proteins are essential for preprophase band formation and interact with centrin. THE PLANT CELL 2008; 20:2146-59. [PMID: 18757558 PMCID: PMC2553619 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.056812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells have specific microtubule structures involved in cell division and elongation. The tonneau1 (ton1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana displays drastic defects in morphogenesis, positioning of division planes, and cellular organization. These are primarily caused by dysfunction of the cortical cytoskeleton and absence of the preprophase band of microtubules. Characterization of the ton1 insertional mutant reveals complex chromosomal rearrangements leading to simultaneous disruption of two highly similar genes in tandem, TON1a and TON1b. TON1 proteins are conserved in land plants and share sequence motifs with human centrosomal proteins. The TON1 protein associates with soluble and microsomal fractions of Arabidopsis cells, and a green fluorescent protein-TON1 fusion labels cortical cytoskeletal structures, including the preprophase band and the interphase cortical array. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified Arabidopsis centrin as a potential TON1 partner. This interaction was confirmed both in vitro and in plant cells. The similarity of TON1 with centrosomal proteins and its interaction with centrin, another key component of microtubule organizing centers, suggests that functions involved in the organization of microtubule arrays by the centrosome were conserved across the evolutionary divergence between plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Azimzadeh
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Station de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Plantes UR254, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Versailles, F-78000 Versailles, France
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