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Sun L, Yuan C, An X, Kong L, Zhang D, Chen B, Lu Z, Liu J. Delta-like noncanonical notch ligand 2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of sheep myoblasts through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31385. [PMID: 39030845 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
This study delved into the role of delta-like noncanonical notch ligand 2 (DLK2) in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts, as well as its interaction with the classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in regulating myoblast function. The research revealed that upregulation of DLK2 in myoblasts during the proliferation phase enhanced myoblast proliferation, facilitated cell cycle progression, and reduced apoptosis. Conversely, downregulation of DLK2 expression using siRNA during the differentiation phase promoted myoblast hypertrophy and fusion, suppressed the expression of muscle fiber degradation factors, and expedited the differentiation process. DLK2 regulates myoblasts function by influencing the expression of various factors associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including CTNNB1, FZD1, FZD6, RSPO1, RSPO4, WNT4, WNT5A, and adenomatous polyposis coli. In essence, DLK2, with the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays a crucial regulatory role in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingying Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang R, Mao Y, He A, Liu W. Delta like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 2 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation and cell proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the Notch1 signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102220. [PMID: 37776784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is the candidate for the treatment of cartilage defects because of their directional induction potential and natural anti-inflammatory properties. As one of the non-canonical receptors of Notch1, Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 2 (DLK2) involves in stem cells' adipogenesis and chondrogenic differentiation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of DLK2 in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs is still unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of DLK2 was reduced and the expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, Sox9, and Notch1 was raised in the process of BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation. However, the expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9 reduced significantly, and the signal factor Notch1 and the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs turned down in the DLK2 overexpression group. Furthermore, the expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Sox9 significantly enhanced, Notch1 expression was also increased, and the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs turned up in the DLK2 suppression group. Concurrently, the proliferation of BMSCs was weakened after overexpression of DLK2, and there was no significant change in cell migration. However, the proliferation and migration of BMSCs were significantly enhanced after the inhibition of DLK2 expression. Therefore, these results suggest that DLK2 negatively regulates chondrogenic differentiation and cell proliferation in BMSCs by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- College of Food Sciences &Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- College of Food Sciences &Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbo Zhang
- College of Food Sciences &Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Axiang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wanjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Chen X, Chen X, Chao R, Wang Y, Mao Y, Fan B, Zhang Y, Xu W, Qin A, Zhang S. Dlk2 interacts with Syap1 to activate Akt signaling pathway during osteoclast formation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:589. [PMID: 37669921 PMCID: PMC10480461 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive osteoclast formation and bone resorption are related to osteolytic diseases. Delta drosophila homolog-like 2 (Dlk2), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like superfamily, reportedly regulates adipocyte differentiation, but its roles in bone homeostasis are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that Dlk2 deletion in osteoclasts significantly inhibited osteoclast formation in vitro and contributed to a high-bone-mass phenotype in vivo. Importantly, Dlk2 was shown to interact with synapse-associated protein 1 (Syap1), which regulates Akt phosphorylation at Ser473. Dlk2 deletion inhibited Syap1-mediated activation of the AktSer473, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling cascades. Additionally, Dlk2 deficiency exhibits increased bone mass in ovariectomized mice. Our results reveal the important roles of the Dlk2-Syap1 signaling pathway in osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-related bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoting Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaosheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Diaz C, de la Torre MM, Rubenstein JLR, Puelles L. Dorsoventral Arrangement of Lateral Hypothalamus Populations in the Mouse Hypothalamus: a Prosomeric Genoarchitectonic Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:687-731. [PMID: 36357614 PMCID: PMC9849321 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has a heterogeneous cytoarchitectonic organization that has not been elucidated in detail. In this work, we analyzed within the framework of the prosomeric model the differential expression pattern of 59 molecular markers along the ventrodorsal dimension of the medial forebrain bundle in the mouse, considering basal and alar plate subregions of the LH. We found five basal (LH1-LH5) and four alar (LH6-LH9) molecularly distinct sectors of the LH with neuronal cell groups that correlate in topography with previously postulated alar and basal hypothalamic progenitor domains. Most peptidergic populations were restricted to one of these LH sectors though some may have dispersed into a neighboring sector. For instance, histaminergic Hdc-positive neurons were mostly contained within the basal LH3, Nts (neurotensin)- and Tac2 (tachykinin 2)-expressing cells lie strictly within LH4, Hcrt (hypocretin/orexin)-positive and Pmch (pro-melanin-concentrating hormone)-positive neurons appeared within separate LH5 subdivisions, Pnoc (prepronociceptin)-expressing cells were mainly restricted to LH6, and Sst (somatostatin)-positive cells were identified within the LH7 sector. The alar LH9 sector, a component of the Foxg1-positive telencephalo-opto-hypothalamic border region, selectively contained Satb2-expressing cells. Published studies of rodent LH subdivisions have not described the observed pattern. Our genoarchitectonic map should aid in systematic approaches to elucidate LH connectivity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Diaz
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Margaret Martinez de la Torre
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - John L. R. Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Medical School, San Francisco, California USA
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Naranjo AI, González-Gómez MJ, Baladrón V, Laborda J, Nueda ML. Different Expression Levels of DLK2 Inhibit NOTCH Signaling and Inversely Modulate MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Tumor Growth In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1554. [PMID: 35163478 PMCID: PMC8836183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH signaling is implicated in the development of breast cancer tumors. DLK2, a non-canonical inhibitor of NOTCH signaling, was previously shown to be involved in skin and breast cancer. In this work, we studied whether different levels of DLK2 expression influenced the breast cancer characteristics of MDA-MB-231 cells. We found that DLK2 overexpression inhibited NOTCH activation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, depending on the level of inhibition of NOTCH1 activation generated by different levels of DLK2 expression, cell proliferation, cell cycle dynamics, cell apoptosis, cell migration, and tumor growth in vivo were affected in opposite directions. Low levels of DLK2 expression produced a slight inhibition of NOTCH1 activation, and enhanced MDA-MB-231 cell invasion in vitro and cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, MDA-MB-231 cells expressing elevated levels of DLK2 showed a strong inhibition of NOTCH1 activation, decreased cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and were unable to generate tumors in vivo. In addition, DLK2 expression levels also affected some members of other cell signaling pathways implicated in cancer, such as ERK1/2 MAPK, AKT, and rpS6 kinases. Our data support an important role of DLK2 as a protein that can finely regulate NOTCH signaling and affect the tumor properties and growth dynamics of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Isabel Naranjo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, Medical School/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)/CSIC, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.-I.N.); (V.B.)
| | - María-Julia González-Gómez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)/CSIC, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, Medical School/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)/CSIC, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (A.-I.N.); (V.B.)
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, School of Pharmacy/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)/CSIC, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - María-Luisa Nueda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, School of Pharmacy/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)/CSIC, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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6
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Nueda ML, Baladrón V. Mammalian NOTCH Receptor Activation and Signaling Protocols. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2472:67-82. [PMID: 35674893 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2201-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The NOTCH signaling pathway is one of the highly conserved key pathways involved in most cell differentiation and proliferation processes during both developmental and adult stages in most animals. The NOTCH signaling pathway appears to be very simple but the existence of several receptors and ligands, their posttranslational modifications, their activation in the cell surface and its migration to the cell nucleus, as well as their interaction with multiple signaling pathways in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells, make the study of its function very complex.To determine the activation of NOTCH signaling in animal cells, several complementary approaches can be performed. One of them is the analysis of the transcription of NOTCH receptor target genes HES/HEY by qRT-PCR and Western blot. This approach would give us an idea of the global NOTCH activation and signaling. We can also analyze the NOTCH transcriptional activity by luciferase assays to determine the global or specific activation of NOTCH receptors under a given treatment or in response to the modification of gene expression. On the other hand, we can determine the specific activation of each NOTCH receptor by Western blot with antibodies that recognize the active forms of each NOTCH receptor. For this assay will be very important to collect the cells to be analyzed under the appropriate conditions. Finally, we can detect the intracellular domain of each NOTCH receptor into the cell nucleus by confocal microscopy using the appropriate antibodies that recognize the intracellular domain of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Luisa Nueda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, School of Pharmacy/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-LaMancha/CSIC, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, Albacete Medical School/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-LaMancha/CSIC, Albacete, Spain.
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7
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Marquez-Exposito L, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Rayego-Mateos S, Fierro-Fernandez M, Rodrigues-Diez R, Orejudo M, Santos-Sanchez L, Blanco EM, Laborda J, Mezzano S, Lamas S, Lavoz C, Ruiz-Ortega M. Deletion of delta-like 1 homologue accelerates renal inflammation by modulating the Th17 immune response. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21213. [PMID: 33368614 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that activation of the NOTCH pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of kidney damage. There is currently no information on the role of the Delta-like homologue 1 (DLK1), a NOTCH inhibitor, in the regulation of renal damage. Here, we investigated the contribution of DLK1 to experimental renal damage and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using a Dlk1-null mouse model in the experimental renal damage of unilateral ureteral obstruction, we found activation of NOTCH, as shown by increased nuclear translocation of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain, and upregulation of Dlk2/hey-1 expression compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. NOTCH1 over-activation in Dlk1-null injured kidneys was associated with a higher inflammatory response, characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, mainly CD4/IL17A + lymphocytes, and activation of the Th17 immune response. Furthermore, pharmacological NOTCH blockade inhibited the transcription factors controlling Th17 differentiation and gene expression of the Th17 effector cytokine IL-17A and other related-inflammatory factors, linked to a diminution of inflammation in the injured kidneys. We propose that the non-canonical NOTCH ligand DLK1 acts as a NOTCH antagonist in renal injury regulating the Th17-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul R Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Rodrigues-Diez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Blanco
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Albacete, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
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8
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. New insights of Krüppel-like transcription factors in adipogenesis and the role of their regulatory neighbors. Life Sci 2020; 265:118763. [PMID: 33189819 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health problem associated with predisposition to develop metabolic diseases. Over the past decade, several studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that the activity of Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) regulates adipogenesis, adipose tissue function and metabolism. Comprehension of both the origin and development of adipocytes and of adipose tissue could provide new insights into therapeutic strategies to contend against obesity and related metabolic diseases. This review focus on the transcriptional role that KLF family members play during adipocyte differentiation, describes their main interactions and the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. We also summarize new findings of the involvement of several effectors that modulate KLFs expression during adipogenesis, including growth factors, circadian clock proteins, interleukins, nuclear receptors, protein kinases and importantly, microRNAs. Thus, KLFs regulation by these factors and emerging molecules might constitute a potential therapeutic target for anti-obesity intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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9
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Rodríguez-Cano MM, González-Gómez MJ, Sánchez-Solana B, Monsalve EM, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Laborda J, Nueda ML, Baladrón V. NOTCH Receptors and DLK Proteins Enhance Brown Adipogenesis in Mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092032. [PMID: 32899774 PMCID: PMC7565505 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH family of receptors and ligands is involved in numerous cell differentiation processes, including adipogenesis. We recently showed that overexpression of each of the four NOTCH receptors in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes enhances adipogenesis and modulates the acquisition of the mature adipocyte phenotype. We also revealed that DLK proteins modulate the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells in an opposite way, despite their function as non-canonical inhibitory ligands of NOTCH receptors. In this work, we used multipotent C3H10T1/2 cells as an adipogenic model. We used standard adipogenic procedures and analyzed different parameters by using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), luciferase, Western blot, and metabolic assays. We revealed that C3H10T1/2 multipotent cells show higher levels of NOTCH receptors expression and activity and lower Dlk gene expression levels than 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We found that the overexpression of NOTCH receptors enhanced C3H10T1/2 adipogenesis levels, and the overexpression of NOTCH receptors and DLK (DELTA-like homolog) proteins modulated the conversion of cells towards a brown-like adipocyte phenotype. These and our prior results with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes strengthen the idea that, depending on the cellular context, a precise and highly regulated level of global NOTCH signaling is necessary to allow adipogenesis and determine the mature adipocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Milagros Rodríguez-Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
| | - María-Julia González-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Solana
- National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Eva-María Monsalve
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
| | - María-José M. Díaz-Guerra
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
| | - María-Luisa Nueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (M.-M.R.-C.); (M.-J.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain; (E.-M.M.); (M.-J.M.D.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (M.-L.N.); (V.B.); Tel.: +34-967-599-200 (ext. 2926) (V.B.); Fax: +34-967-599-327 (V.B.)
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Pacheco-Liñán PJ, Bravo I, Nueda ML, Albaladejo J, Garzón-Ruiz A. Functionalized CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Intracellular pH Measurements by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2106-2117. [PMID: 32551511 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
pH is an important biomarker for many human diseases and great efforts are being made to develop new pH probes for bioimaging and biomedical applications. Here, the use of three different CdSe/ZnS QDs, functionalized with d-penicillamine and small peptides, as pH probes for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is investigated. The fluorescence pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles is analyzed in different experimental media: aqueous solution, synthetic intracellular medium, and mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and tumoral SK-MEL-2 cell lines. Different experiments along with theoretical calculations are conducted to unravel the mechanisms causing pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles and the effect of the length and composition of the peripheral branches on their photophysical properties. Absolute intracellular pH values measured in live cells with FLIM using a fluorescent probe based on a QD are reported here for the first time (intracellular pH values of 7.0 and 7.1 for C3H10T1/2 and SK-MEL-2 cells, respectively). These fluorescent nanoprobes can also be used to distinguish between different types of cells in cocultures on the basis of their different fluorescence lifetimes in dissimilar intracellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Pacheco-Liñán
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - María L. Nueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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11
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EGFL9 promotes breast cancer metastasis by inducing cMET activation and metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5033. [PMID: 31695034 PMCID: PMC6834558 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms driving metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor-like 9 (EGFL9) is significantly upregulated in basal-like breast cancer cells and associated with metastatic progression in breast tumor samples. Functionally, EGFL9 is both necessary and sufficient to enhance cancer cell migration and invasion, as well as distant metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that EGFL9 binds cMET, activating cMET-mediated downstream signaling. EGFL9 and cMET co-localize at both the cell membrane and within the mitochondria. We further identify an interaction between EGFL9 and the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly factor COA3. Consequently, EGFL9 regulates COX activity and modulates cell metabolism, promoting a Warburg-like metabolic phenotype. Finally, we show that combined pharmacological inhibition of cMET and glycolysis reverses EGFL9-driven stemness. Our results identify EGFL9 as a therapeutic target for combating metastatic progression in TNBC. Triple-negative breast cancer is an aggressive form of the disease. Here, the authors identify EGFL9 as a mediator of metastasis in TNBC through interactions with cMET.
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12
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Castillejo-Lopez C, Pjanic M, Pirona AC, Hetty S, Wabitsch M, Wadelius C, Quertermous T, Arner E, Ingelsson E. Detailed Functional Characterization of a Waist-Hip Ratio Locus in 7p15.2 Defines an Enhancer Controlling Adipocyte Differentiation. iScience 2019; 20:42-59. [PMID: 31557715 PMCID: PMC6817687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined CAGE sequencing in human adipocytes during differentiation with data from genome-wide association studies to identify an enhancer in the SNX10 locus on chromosome 7, presumably involved in body fat distribution. Using reporter assays and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in human cell lines, we characterized the role of the enhancer in adipogenesis. The enhancer was active during adipogenesis and responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline. The allele associated with increased waist-hip ratio in human genetic studies was associated with higher enhancer activity. Mutations of the enhancer resulted in less adipocyte differentiation. RNA sequencing of cells with disrupted enhancer showed reduced expression of established adipocyte markers, such as ADIPOQ and LPL, and identified CHI3L1 on chromosome 1 as a potential gene involved in adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we identified and characterized an enhancer in the SNX10 locus and outlined its plausible mechanisms of action and downstream targets. An enhancer active during adipogenesis is located in an obesity GWAS locus The enhancer responded strongly to insulin and isoprenaline Mutation of the enhancer by CRISPR-Cas9 decreased adipocyte differentiation Knockout of CHI3L1 decreased adipocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Castillejo-Lopez
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milos Pjanic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Chiara Pirona
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erik Arner
- Laboratory for Applied Regulatory Genomics Network Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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13
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Traustadóttir GÁ, Lagoni LV, Ankerstjerne LBS, Bisgaard HC, Jensen CH, Andersen DC. The imprinted gene Delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (Dlk1) is conserved in mammals, and serves a growth modulatory role during tissue development and regeneration through Notch dependent and independent mechanisms. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 46:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Garcia-Gallastegi P, Ruiz-García A, Ibarretxe G, Rivero-Hinojosa S, González-Siccha AD, Laborda J, Crende O, Unda F, García-Ramírez JJ. Similarities and differences in tissue distribution of DLK1 and DLK2 during E16.5 mouse embryogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:47-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Nueda ML, González-Gómez MJ, Rodríguez-Cano MM, Monsalve EM, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Sánchez-Solana B, Laborda J, Baladrón V. DLK proteins modulate NOTCH signaling to influence a brown or white 3T3-L1 adipocyte fate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16923. [PMID: 30446682 PMCID: PMC6240076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of NOTCH signaling in adipogenesis is highly controversial, with data indicating null, positive or negative effects on this differentiation process. We hypothesize that these contradictory results could be due to the different global NOTCH signaling levels obtained in different experimental settings, because of a specific modulation of NOTCH receptors’ activity by their ligands. We have previously demonstrated that DLK1 and DLK2, two non-canonical NOTCH1 ligands that inhibit NOTCH1 signaling in a dose-dependent manner, modulate the adipogenesis process of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In this work, we show that over-expression of any of the four NOTCH receptors enhanced adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We also determine that DLK proteins inhibit not only the activity of NOTCH1, but also the activity of NOTCH2, 3 and 4 receptors to different degrees. Interestingly, we have observed, by different approaches, that NOTCH1 over-expression seems to stimulate the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells towards a brown-like adipocyte phenotype, whereas cells over-expressing NOTCH2, 3 or 4 receptors or DLK proteins would rather differentiate towards a white-like adipocyte phenotype. Finally, our data also demonstrate a complex feed-back mechanism involving Notch and Dlk genes in the regulation of their expression, which suggest that a precise level of global NOTCH expression and NOTCH-dependent transcriptional activity of specific targets could be necessary to determine the final phenotype of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Luisa Nueda
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC. C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - María-Julia González-Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC. C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - María-Milagros Rodríguez-Cano
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC. C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva-María Monsalve
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - María José M Díaz-Guerra
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Solana
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto. Química Inorgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC. C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Dpto. Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete/CRIB/Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain.
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Navarrete F, García-Gutiérrez MS, Laborda J, Manzanares J. Deletion of Dlk2 increases the vulnerability to anxiety-like behaviors and impairs the anxiolytic action of alprazolam. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 85:134-141. [PMID: 28863347 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the non-canonical DLK2 NOTCH ligand in the regulation of emotional behavior. To this aim, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors were examined in Dlk2 knock-out (Dlk2-/-) and its corresponding wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, relative gene expression analyses of corticotropin releasing hormone (Crh) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in the hippocampus (HIPP), and the transcription factors Hes1, Hes5 and Hey1 in the PVN, HIPP and amygdala (AMY) were carried out in Dlk2-/- and WT mice under basal conditions and after exposure to restraint stress. The anxiolytic action of alprazolam and the relative gene expression levels of the GABA-A alpha 2 and gamma 2 receptor subunits (Gabra2 and Gabrg2) were also evaluated in the HIPP and AMY of WT and Dlk2-/- mice. The results reveal that deletion of Dlk2 increased anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and altered the vulnerability to restraint stress on Crh gene expression in the PVN, Nr3c1 and Fkbp5 gene expression in the HIPP, and Hes1, Hes5 and Hey1 gene expression in the PVN, HIPP and AMY. Interestingly, the administration of alprazolam failed to produce an anxiolytic action in Dlk2-/- mice. Indeed, Gabra2 and Gabrg2 gene expression levels were significantly affected under basal conditions and after stress exposure in Dlk2-/- mice compared with WT mice. In conclusion, the results suggest that DLK2 plays an important role in the regulation of emotional behaviors and relevant targets of the stress axis, NOTCH pathway and GABAergic neurotransmission. In addition, the deletion of Dlk2 blocked the anxiolytic response to alprazolam. Future studies are needed to determine the relevance of DLK2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders with anxiety or depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad de Biomedicina UCLM-CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS), Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Xu W, Wang Y, Zhao H, Fan B, Guo K, Cai M, Zhang S. Delta-like 2 negatively regulates chondrogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:6574-6582. [PMID: 29057471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Delta-like 2 (Dlk2), a glycoprotein highly homologous to Dlk1, belongs to the Notch/Delta/Serrata family. Dlk2 has been shown to be an important regulator of adipogenesis; however, its role in other cellular differentiation processes is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of Dlk2 in chondrogenic differentiation. We found that Dlk2 overexpression promoted the growth of ATDC5 cells but inhibited insulin-induced ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation, as supported by the reduction in cartilage matrix formation and gene expression of aggrecan (acan), collagentype II (col2a1) and X (col10a1). In contrast, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the proliferation of ATDC5 cells but enhanced their chondrogenic differentiation. We then evaluated the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are activated by insulin during the chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells. Overexpression of Dlk2 protein strongly promoted the activation of p38, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, as expected, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the activation of p38, but had no effect on the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Finally, we also detected the expression of Dlk2 in mouse epiphyseal cartilage during embryo development. The expression of the Dlk2 protein in the limb bud could be detected at embryonic day 11.5; additionally, it was found to decrease in the superficial zones, but remained unchanged in the deep/hypertrophic zones. In conclusion, our results suggested that Dlk2 acted as an important regulator of chondrogenesis through the p38 pathway. These findings may lead to strategies for the treatment of cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Baotin Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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18
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The adaptor SASH1 acts through NOTCH1 and its inhibitor DLK1 in a 3D model of lumenogenesis involving CEACAM1. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:384-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Fabian KPL, Chi-Sabins N, Taylor JL, Fecek R, Weinstein A, Storkus WJ. Therapeutic efficacy of combined vaccination against tumor pericyte-associated antigens DLK1 and DLK2 in mice. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1290035. [PMID: 28405524 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1290035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
When compared with vascular cells in normal tissues, pericytes and vascular endothelial cells (VEC) in tumor blood vessels exhibit altered morphology and epigenetic programming that leads to the expression of unique antigens that allow for differential recognition by CD8+ T cells. We have previously shown that the Notch antagonist delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) is a tumor pericyte-associated antigen expressed in setting of melanoma and a range of carcinomas. In this report, we show that therapeutic vaccination against DLK1 in murine models results in slowed tumor growth, but also to the compensatory expression of the DLK1 homolog, DLK2, by tumor-associated pericytes. Vaccines targeting both DLK1 and DLK2 resulted in superior antitumor benefits in association with improved activation and recruitment of antigen-specific Type 1 CD8+ T cells, reduced presence of myeloid-derived suppressive cells, T regulatory cell and tumor vascular normalization. The antitumor efficacy of vaccines coordinately targeting DLK1 and DLK2 was further improved by inclusion of PD-L1 blockade, thus defining a combination immunotherapy theoretically suitable for the treatment of a broad range of solid (vascularized) cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellsye Paula L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nina Chi-Sabins
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald Fecek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aliyah Weinstein
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Poly-L-lysine Prevents Senescence and Augments Growth in Culturing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ex Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8196078. [PMID: 27403437 PMCID: PMC4925960 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8196078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess great therapeutic potential. Efficient in vitro expansion of MSCs is however necessary for their clinical application. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells, and it has been used as a coating substrate for cell culture. In this study, we have aimed to improve the functionality and stemness of MSCs during culture using poly-L-lysine (PLL). Functionality of MSCs was analysed by cell cycle analysis, differentiation assay, β-galactosidase staining, and RT-PCR. Furthermore, we assessed the global gene expression profile of MSCs on uncoated and PLL-coated plates. MSCs on PLL-coated plates exhibited a faster growth rate with increased S-phase and upregulated expression of the stemness markers. In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. We also confirmed that MSCs on uncoated plates expressed higher β-galactosidase than the MSCs on PLL-coated plates. We demonstrate that PLL provides favourable microenvironment for MSC culture by reversing the replicative senescence. This method will significantly contribute to effective preparation of MSCs for cellular therapy.
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21
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Traustadóttir GÁ, Jensen CH, Thomassen M, Beck HC, Mortensen SB, Laborda J, Baladrón V, Sheikh SP, Andersen DC. Evidence of non-canonical NOTCH signaling: Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) directly interacts with the NOTCH1 receptor in mammals. Cell Signal 2016; 28:246-54. [PMID: 26791579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical NOTCH signaling, known to be essential for tissue development, requires the Delta-Serrate-LAG2 (DSL) domain for NOTCH to interact with its ligand. However, despite lacking DSL, Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a protein that plays a significant role in mammalian development, has been suggested to interact with NOTCH1 and act as an antagonist. This non-canonical interaction is, however controversial, and evidence for a direct interaction, still lacking in mammals. In this study, we elucidated the putative DLK1-NOTCH1 interaction in a mammalian context. Taking a global approach and using Dlk1(+/+) and Dlk1(-/-) mouse tissues at E16.5, we demonstrated that several NOTCH signaling pathways indeed are affected by DLK1 during tissue development, and this was supported by a lower activation of NOTCH1 protein in Dlk1(+/+) embryos. Likewise, but using a distinct Dlk1-manipulated (siRNA) setup in a mammalian cell line, NOTCH signaling was substantially inhibited by DLK1. Using a mammalian two-hybrid system, we firmly established that the effect of DLK1 on NOTCH signaling was due to a direct interaction between DLK1 and NOTCH1. By careful dissection of this mechanism, we found this interaction to occur between EGF domains 5 and 6 of DLK1 and EGF domains 10-15 of NOTCH1. Thus, our data provide the first evidence for a direct interaction between DLK1 and NOTCH1 in mammals, and substantiate that non-canonical NOTCH ligands exist, adding to the complexity of NOTCH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhildur Ásta Traustadóttir
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Cardiovascular and Renal Research (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark
| | - Charlotte H Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; The Danish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (danishcrm@com), OUH, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Dep. of Clinical Genetics (OUH), OUH, Denmark; Clinical Institute (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Clinical Institute (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark; Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology (OUH), OUH, Denmark
| | - Sussi B Mortensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Dep. of Clinical Immunology (OUH), Denmark
| | - Jorge Laborda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical School, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Søren P Sheikh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Cardiovascular and Renal Research (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark; The Danish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (danishcrm@com), OUH, Denmark
| | - Ditte C Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Dep. of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Winsloewparken 21 3rd, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Clinical Institute (University of Southern Denmark), OUH, Denmark; The Danish Centre for Regenerative Medicine (danishcrm@com), OUH, Denmark.
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22
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García-Gallastegui P, Luzuriaga J, Aurrekoetxea M, Baladrón V, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, García-Ramírez JJ, Laborda J, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Reduced salivary gland size and increased presence of epithelial progenitor cells in DLK1-deficient mice. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:513-525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Gil-García B, Baladrón V. The complex role of NOTCH receptors and their ligands in the development of hepatoblastoma, cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biol Cell 2015; 108:29-40. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borja Gil-García
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Medical School/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit; University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)/CSIC; 02008, Albacete Spain
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Medical School/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit; University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)/CSIC; 02008, Albacete Spain
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24
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Lebkuechner I, Wilhelmsson U, Möllerström E, Pekna M, Pekny M. Heterogeneity of Notch signaling in astrocytes and the effects of GFAP and vimentin deficiency. J Neurochem 2015; 135:234-48. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Lebkuechner
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wilhelmsson
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Elin Möllerström
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
- University of Newcastle; New South Wales Australia
| | - Milos Pekny
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Parkville Victoria Australia
- University of Newcastle; New South Wales Australia
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25
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The proteins DLK1 and DLK2 modulate NOTCH1-dependent proliferation and oncogenic potential of human SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2674-84. [PMID: 25093684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NOTCH receptors regulate cell proliferation and survival in several types of cancer cells. Depending on the cellular context, NOTCH1 can function as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor gene. DLK1 is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and cancer, but nothing is known about the role of DLK2 in these processes. Recently, the proteins DLK1 and DLK2 have been reported to interact with NOTCH1 and to inhibit NOTCH1 activation and signaling in different cell lines. In this work, we focused on the role of DLK proteins in the control of melanoma cell growth, where NOTCH1 is known to exert an oncogenic effect. We found that human DLK proteins inhibit NOTCH signaling in SK-MEL-2 metastatic melanoma cells. Moreover, the proliferation rate of these cells was dependent upon the level of NOTCH activation and signaling as regulated by DLK proteins. In particular, high levels of NOTCH inhibition resulted in a decrease, whereas lower levels of NOTCH inhibition led to an increase in melanoma cell proliferation rates, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our data revealed additive NOTCH-mediated effects of DLK proteins and the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT on cell proliferation. The data presented in this work suggest that a fine regulation of NOTCH signaling plays an important role in the control of metastatic melanoma cell proliferation. Our results open the way to new research on the role of DLK proteins as potential therapeutic tools for the treatment of human melanoma.
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García-Gallastegui P, Ibarretxe G, Garcia-Ramírez JJ, Baladrón V, Aurrekoetxea M, Nueda ML, Naranjo AI, Santaolalla F, Sánchez-del Rey A, Laborda J, Unda F. DLK1 regulates branching morphogenesis and parasympathetic innervation of salivary glands through inhibition of NOTCH signalling. Biol Cell 2014; 106:237-53. [PMID: 24828459 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201300086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Delta-like proteins 1 and 2 (DLK1, 2) are NOTCH receptor ligands containing epidermal growth factor-like repeats, which regulate NOTCH signalling. We investigated the role of DLK and the NOTCH pathway in the morphogenesis of the submandibular salivary glands (SMGs), using in vitro organotypic cultures. RESULTS DLK1 and 2 were present in all stages of SMG morphogenesis, where DLK1 inhibited both NOTCH activity and SMG branching. The addition of NOTCH inhibitory agents, either soluble DLK1 (sDLK1) or N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-buthyl ester (DAPT), to the SMG culture medium did not affect the rate of cell proliferation, but induced a strong reduction in SMG branching, increased epithelial apoptosis, and impaired innervation of the epithelial end buds by local parasympathetic ganglion neurons. SMG innervation could be restored by the acetylcholine analog carbachol (CCh), which also rescued cytokeratin 5 (CK5(+))-expressing epithelial progenitor cells. Despite this, CCh failed to restore normal branching morphogenesis in the presence of either sDLK1 or DAPT. However, it improved recovery of branching morphogenesis in SMGs, once DLK1 or DAPT were removed from the medium. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DLK1 regulates SMGs morphogenesis and parasympathetic nerve fibre outgrowth through inhibition of NOTCH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-Gallastegui
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
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27
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Zhang Q, Ramlee MK, Brunmeir R, Villanueva CJ, Halperin D, Xu F. Dynamic and distinct histone modifications modulate the expression of key adipogenesis regulatory genes. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4310-22. [PMID: 23085542 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications and their modifying enzymes are fundamentally involved in the epigenetic regulation of adipogenesis. This study aimed to define the roles of various histone modifications and their "division of labor" in fat cell differentiation. To achieve these goals, we examined the distribution patterns of eight core histone modifications at five key adipogenic regulatory genes, Pref-1, C/EBPβ, C/EBPα, PPARγ2 and aP2, during the adipogenesis of C3H 10T1/2 mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We found that the examined histone modifications are globally stable throughout adipogenesis but show distinct and highly dynamic distribution patterns at specific genes. For example, the Pref-1 gene has lower levels of active chromatin markers and significantly higher H3 K27 tri-methylation in MSCs compared with committed preadipocytes; the C/EBPβ gene is enriched in active chromatin markers at its 3'-UTR; the C/EBPα gene is predominantly marked by H3 K27 tri-methylation in adipogenic precursor cells, and this repressive marker decreases dramatically upon induction; the PPARγ2 and aP2 genes show increased histone acetylation on both H3 and H4 tails during adipogenesis. Further functional studies revealed that the decreased level of H3 K27 tri-methylation leads to de-repression of Pref-1 gene, while the increased level of histone acetylation activates the transcription of PPARγ2 and aP2 genes. Moreover, the active histone modification-marked 3'-UTR of C/EBPβ gene was demonstrated as a strong enhancer element by luciferase assay. Our results indicate that histone modifications are gene-specific at adipogenic regulator genes, and they play distinct roles in regulating the transcriptional network during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyi Zhang
- Growth, Development and Metabolism Programme; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences; A*STAR; Singapore
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28
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Bi P, Kuang S. Meat Science and Muscle Biology Symposium: stem cell niche and postnatal muscle growth. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:924-35. [PMID: 22100594 PMCID: PMC3437673 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell niche plays a critical role in regulating the behavior and function of adult stem cells that underlie tissue growth, maintenance, and regeneration. In the skeletal muscle, stem cells, called satellite cells, contribute to postnatal muscle growth and hypertrophy, and thus, meat production in agricultural animals. Satellite cells are located adjacent to mature muscle fibers underneath a sheath of basal lamina. Microenvironmental signals from extracellular matrix mediated by the basal lamina and from the host myofiber both impinge on satellite cells to regulate their activity. Furthermore, several types of muscle interstitial cells, including intramuscular preadipocytes and connective tissue fibroblasts, have recently been shown to interact with satellite cells and actively regulate the growth and regeneration of postnatal skeletal muscles. From this regard, interstitial adipogenic cells are not only important for marbling and meat quality, but also represent an additional cellular component of the satellite cell niche. At the molecular level, these interstitial cells may interact with satellite cells through cell surface ligands, such as delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) protein whose overexpression is thought to be responsible for muscle hypertrophy in callipyge sheep. In fact, extracellular Dlk1 protein has been shown to promote the myogenic differentiation of satellite cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms within the stem cell niche that regulate satellite cell differentiation and maintain muscle homeostasis may lead to promising approaches to optimizing muscle growth and composition, thus improving meat production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Bi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - S. Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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29
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Kilroy G, Kirk-Ballard H, Carter LE, Floyd ZE. The ubiquitin ligase Siah2 regulates PPARγ activity in adipocytes. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1206-18. [PMID: 22294748 PMCID: PMC3281538 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Moderate reductions in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ levels control insulin sensitivity as effectively as activation of PPARγ in adipocytes by the thiazolidinediones. That observation suggests that PPARγ activity can be regulated by modulating the amount of PPARγ protein in adipocytes. Activation of PPARγ in adipocytes is linked to changes in PPARγ protein levels via increased degradation of PPARγ proteins by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Identification of the ubiquitin ligase or ligases that recognize ligand bound PPARγ is an essential step in determining the physiological significance of the relationship between activation and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of PPARγ. Using an RNA interference-based screen, we identified five RING (really interesting new gene)-type ubiquitin ligases that alter PPARγ protein levels in adipocytes. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila seven-in-absentia homolog 2 (Siah2), a mammalian homolog of Drosophila seven-in-absentia, regulates PPARγ ubiquitylation and ligand-dependent activation of PPARγ in adipocytes. We also demonstrate that Siah2 expression is up-regulated during adipogenesis and that PPARγ interacts with Siah2 during adipogenesis. In addition, Siah2 is required for adipogenesis. These data suggest that modulation of PPARγ protein levels by the ubiquitin ligase Siah2 is essential in determining the physiological effects of PPARγ activation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Kilroy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
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30
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Falix FA, Aronson DC, Lamers WH, Gaemers IC. Possible roles of DLK1 in the Notch pathway during development and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:988-95. [PMID: 22353464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Delta-Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway which controls a broad range of developmental processes including cell fate determination, terminal differentiation and proliferation. In mammals, four Notch receptors (NOTCH1-4) and five activating canonical ligands (JAGGED1, JAGGED2, DLL1, DLL3 and DLL4) have been described. The precise function of noncanonical Notch ligands remains unclear. Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), the best studied noncanonical Notch ligand, has been shown to act as an inhibitor of Notch signaling in vitro, but its function in vivo is poorly understood. In this review we summarize Notch signaling during development and highlight recent studies in DLK1expression that reveal new insights into its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah A Falix
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Rivero S, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Monsalve EM, Laborda J, García-Ramírez JJ. DLK2 is a transcriptional target of KLF4 in the early stages of adipogenesis. J Mol Biol 2012; 417:36-50. [PMID: 22306741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor-like protein DLK2, highly homologous to DLK1, has been identified as a modulator of adipogenesis in vitro. Knocking down Dlk2 expression prevents adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells but enhances that of the mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2. The expression of Dlk2 shows two peaks along this differentiation process: the first one, in response to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and dexamethasone (Dex), and the second, shortly after exposure to insulin. Nothing is known about the transcriptional regulation of Dlk2 during adipogenesis. Here, we report that, during early adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells, Dlk2 expression is controlled independently by IBMX and Dex. We also show that KLF4, a transcription factor critical for the control of early adipogenesis, binds directly to the Dlk2 promoter and increases Dlk2 expression in response to IBMX. Overexpression of KLF4 leads to an increase in DLK2 expression levels, whereas KLF4 knockdown downregulates the transcriptional activity of the Dlk2 promoter. Finally, we demonstrate that KLF4 regulates the basal expression of Dlk2 in C3H10T1/2 cells, and it is required for the adipogenic differentiation of those cells. These results indicate that KLF4 mediates the transcriptional regulation of Dlk2 in response to IBMX during the early stages of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rivero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina/Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
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Rivero S, Ruiz-García A, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Laborda J, García-Ramírez JJ. Characterization of a proximal Sp1 response element in the mouse Dlk2 gene promoter. BMC Mol Biol 2011; 12:52. [PMID: 22185379 PMCID: PMC3296630 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-12-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DLK2 is an EGF-like membrane protein, closely related to DLK1, which is involved in adipogenesis. Both proteins interact with the NOTCH1 receptor and are able to modulate its activation. The expression of the gene Dlk2 is coordinated with that of Dlk1 in several tissues and cell lines. Unlike Dlk1, the mouse Dlk2 gene and its locus at chromosome 17 are not fully characterized. RESULTS The goal of this work was the characterization of Dlk2 mRNA, as well as the analysis of the mechanisms that control its basal transcription. First, we analyzed the Dlk2 transcripts expressed by several mouse cells lines and tissues, and mapped the transcription start site by 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends. In silico analysis revealed that Dlk2 possesses a TATA-less promoter containing minimal promoter elements associated with a CpG island, and sequences for Inr and DPE elements. Besides, it possesses six GC-boxes, considered as consensus sites for the transcription factor Sp1. Indeed, we report that Sp1 directly binds to the Dlk2 promoter, activates its transcription, and regulates its level of expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first characterization of Dlk2 transcripts, map the location of the Dlk2 core promoter, and show the role of Sp1 as a key regulator of Dlk2 transcription, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the expression of the Dlk2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rivero
- Facultad de Medicina/Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain
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33
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Puertas-Avendaño RA, González-Gómez MJ, Ruvira MD, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Morales-Delgado N, Laborda J, Díaz C, Bello AR. Role of the non-canonical notch ligand delta-like protein 1 in hormone-producing cells of the adult male mouse pituitary. J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23:849-59. [PMID: 21756269 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the role of the non-canonical Notch ligand delta-like protein 1 (DLK1), in hormone-producing cells, we studied the cell distribution and subcellular localisation of DLK1 in the pituitary of male adult 129/SvJ mice, and analysed the variations in the hormone-producing cells associated with the lack of this gene in Dlk1 knockout mice. The results obtained showed the presence of DLK1-immunoreactive (ir) cells in all hormone-producing cells of the anterior pituitary. Immunoelectron microscopy showed DLK1-ir in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and inside secretory vesicles, suggesting that DLK1 is released together with pituitary hormones. Moreover, we found that prolactin (PRL)-DLK1-ir cells are in intimate contact with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-ir-DLK1-negative cells. In Dlk1 knockout mice, we detected a significantly lower number of gowth hormone (GH)-ir cells, a reduction in the FSH and PRL immunostaining intensity, and a significant decrease in FSH mRNA expression compared to wild-type mice. An increase in pituitary GH mRNA expression and serum leptin levels was also found. These findings provide evidence supporting several regulatory functions of DLK1 in the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Puertas-Avendaño
- Cell Biology Section, School of Biology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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34
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Sánchez-Solana B, Nueda ML, Ruvira MD, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Monsalve EM, Rivero S, García-Ramírez JJ, Díaz-Guerra MJM, Baladrón V, Laborda J. The EGF-like proteins DLK1 and DLK2 function as inhibitory non-canonical ligands of NOTCH1 receptor that modulate each other's activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1153-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Soluble components of Notch signalling can be applied to manipulate a central pathway essential for the development of metazoans and often deregulated in illnesses such as stroke, cancer or cardiovascular diseases. Commonly, the Notch cascade is inhibited by small compound inhibitors, which either block the proteolysis of Notch receptors by gamma-secretases or interfere with the transcriptional activity of the Notch intracellular domain. Specific antibodies can also be used to inhibit ligand-induced activation of Notch receptors. Alternatively, naturally occurring endogenous inhibitors of Notch signalling might offer a specific way to block receptor activation. Examples are the soluble variants of the canonical Notch ligand Jagged1 and the non-canonical Notch ligand Dlk1, both deprived of their transmembrane regions upon ectodomain shedding, or the bona fide secreted molecule EGFL7. We present frequently used methods to decrease Notch signalling, and we discuss how soluble Notch inhibitors may be used to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dikic
- Frankfurt Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (FMLS) and Institute of Biochemistry II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Molecular Signal Transduction, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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36
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Extending the knowledge in histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 133:1-40. [PMID: 19946696 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Central to modern Histochemistry and Cell Biology stands the need for visualization of cellular and molecular processes. In the past several years, a variety of techniques has been achieved bridging traditional light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy with powerful software-based post-processing and computer modeling. Researchers now have various tools available to investigate problems of interest from bird's- up to worm's-eye of view, focusing on tissues, cells, proteins or finally single molecules. Applications of new approaches in combination with well-established traditional techniques of mRNA, DNA or protein analysis have led to enlightening and prudent studies which have paved the way toward a better understanding of not only physiological but also pathological processes in the field of cell biology. This review is intended to summarize articles standing for the progress made in "histo-biochemical" techniques and their manifold applications.
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Fleming-Waddell JN, Olbricht GR, Taxis TM, White JD, Vuocolo T, Craig BA, Tellam RL, Neary MK, Cockett NE, Bidwell CA. Effect of DLK1 and RTL1 but not MEG3 or MEG8 on muscle gene expression in Callipyge lambs. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7399. [PMID: 19816583 PMCID: PMC2756960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Callipyge sheep exhibit extreme postnatal muscle hypertrophy in the loin and hindquarters as a result of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 domain on ovine chromosome 18. The callipyge SNP up-regulates the expression of surrounding transcripts when inherited in cis without altering their allele-specific imprinting status. The callipyge phenotype exhibits polar overdominant inheritance since only paternal heterozygous animals have muscle hypertrophy. Two studies were conducted profiling gene expression in lamb muscles to determine the down-stream effects of over-expression of paternal allele-specific DLK1 and RTL1 as well as maternal allele-specific MEG3, RTL1AS and MEG8, using Affymetrix bovine expression arrays. A total of 375 transcripts were differentially expressed in callipyge muscle and 25 transcripts were subsequently validated by quantitative PCR. The muscle-specific expression patterns of most genes were similar to DLK1 and included genes that are transcriptional repressors or affect feedback mechanisms in beta-adrenergic and growth factor signaling pathways. One gene, phosphodiesterase 7A had an expression pattern similar to RTL1 expression indicating a biological activity for RTL1 in muscle. Only transcripts that localize to the DLK1-DIO3 domain were affected by inheritance of a maternal callipyge allele. Callipyge sheep are a unique model to study over expression of both paternal allele-specific genes and maternal allele-specific non-coding RNA with an accessible and nonlethal phenotype. This study has identified a number of genes that are regulated by DLK1 and RTL1 expression and exert control on postnatal skeletal muscle growth. The genes identified in this model are primary candidates for naturally regulating postnatal muscle growth in all meat animal species, and may serve as targets to ameliorate muscle atrophy conditions including myopathic diseases and age-related sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayla R. Olbricht
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tasia M. Taxis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Animal Sciences Division, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jason D. White
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Vuocolo
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce A. Craig
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Ross L. Tellam
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mike K. Neary
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Noelle E. Cockett
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Bidwell
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Komatsu H, Chao MY, Larkins-Ford J, Corkins ME, Somers GA, Tucey T, Dionne HM, White JQ, Wani K, Boxem M, Hart AC. OSM-11 facilitates LIN-12 Notch signaling during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. PLoS Biol 2008; 6:e196. [PMID: 18700817 PMCID: PMC2504490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is critical for cell fate decisions during development. Caenorhabditis elegans and vertebrate Notch ligands are more diverse than classical Drosophila Notch ligands, suggesting possible functional complexities. Here, we describe a developmental role in Notch signaling for OSM-11, which has been previously implicated in defecation and osmotic resistance in C. elegans. We find that complete loss of OSM-11 causes defects in vulval precursor cell (VPC) fate specification during vulval development consistent with decreased Notch signaling. OSM-11 is a secreted, diffusible protein that, like previously described C. elegans Delta, Serrate, and LAG-2 (DSL) ligands, can interact with the lineage defective-12 (LIN-12) Notch receptor extracellular domain. Additionally, OSM-11 and similar C. elegans proteins share a common motif with Notch ligands from other species in a sequence defined here as the Delta and OSM-11 (DOS) motif. osm-11 loss-of-function defects in vulval development are exacerbated by loss of other DOS-motif genes or by loss of the Notch ligand DSL-1, suggesting that DOS-motif and DSL proteins act together to activate Notch signaling in vivo. The mammalian DOS-motif protein Deltalike1 (DLK1) can substitute for OSM-11 in C. elegans development, suggesting that DOS-motif function is conserved across species. We hypothesize that C. elegans OSM-11 and homologous proteins act as coactivators for Notch receptors, allowing precise regulation of Notch receptor signaling in developmental programs in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Komatsu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Y Chao
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California, United States of America
| | - Jonah Larkins-Ford
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark E Corkins
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gerard A Somers
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tim Tucey
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heather M Dionne
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jamie Q White
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khursheed Wani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mike Boxem
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne C Hart
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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dlk1 Specifically Interacts with Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 to Modulate Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells. J Mol Biol 2008; 379:428-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bingham A, Mamyrova G, Rother KI, Oral E, Cochran E, Premkumar A, Kleiner D, James-Newton L, Targoff IN, Pandey JP, Carrick DM, Sebring N, O’Hanlon TP, Ruiz-Hidalgo M, Turner M, Gordon LB, Laborda J, Bauer SR, Blackshear PJ, Imundo L, Miller FW, Rider LG. Predictors of acquired lipodystrophy in juvenile-onset dermatomyositis and a gradient of severity. Medicine (Baltimore) 2008; 87:70-86. [PMID: 18344805 PMCID: PMC2674585 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e31816bc604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the clinical features of 28 patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and 1 patient with adult-onset dermatomyositis (DM), all of whom developed lipodystrophy (LD) that could be categorized into 1 of 3 phenotypes, generalized, partial, or focal, based on the pattern of fat loss distribution. LD onset was often delayed, beginning a median of 4.6 years after diagnosis of DM. Calcinosis, muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and facial rash were DM disease features found to be associated with LD. Panniculitis was associated with focal lipoatrophy while the anti-p155 autoantibody, a newly described myositis-associated autoantibody, was more associated with generalized LD. Specific LD features such as acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, fat redistribution, and steatosis/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were frequent in patients with LD, in a gradient of frequency and severity among the 3 sub-phenotypes. Metabolic studies frequently revealed insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in patients with generalized and partial LD. Regional fat loss from the thighs, with relative sparing of fat loss from the medial thighs, was more frequent in generalized than in partial LD and absent from DM patients without LD. Cytokine polymorphisms, the C3 nephritic factor, insulin receptor antibodies, and lamin mutations did not appear to play a pathogenic role in the development of LD in our patients. LD is an under-recognized sequela of JDM, and certain DM patients with a severe, prolonged clinical course and a high frequency of calcinosis appear to be at greater risk for the development of this complication. High-risk JDM patients should be screened for metabolic abnormalities, which are common in generalized and partial LD and result in much of the LD-associated morbidity. Further study is warranted to investigate the pathogenesis of acquired LD in patients with DM.
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