1
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Xu G, Guo H, Yu Z, Wang S, Shen D, Yang L, Wu J, Chen B, Yu H. Crystal structure of lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals an unusual catalytic triad conformation. Structure 2024; 32:1454-1464.e3. [PMID: 39025068 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase PaL catalyzes the stereoselective hydrolysis of menthyl propionate to produce L-menthol. The lack of a three-dimensional structure of PaL has so far prevented a detailed understanding of its stereoselective reaction mechanism. Here, the crystal structure of PaL was determined at a resolution of 1.80 Å by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction. In the apo-PaL structure, the catalytic His302 is located in a long loop on the surface that is solvent exposed. His302 is distant from the other two catalytic residues, Asp274 and Ser164. This configuration of catalytic residues is unusual for lipases. Using metadynamics simulations, we observed that the enzyme undergoes a significant conformational change upon ligand binding. We also explored the catalytic and stereoselectivity mechanisms of PaL by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. These findings could guide the engineering of PaL with an improved diastereoselectivity for L-menthol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhonglang Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shulin Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Shen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haoran Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Lee J, Lee J, Choi Y, Kim T, Chang PS. An sn-2 regioselective lipase with cis-fatty acid preference from Cordyceps militaris: Biochemical characterization and insights into its regioselective mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134013. [PMID: 39032883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipase with unique regioselectivity is an attractive biocatalyst for elaborate lipid modification. However, the excavation of novel sn-2 regioselective lipases is difficult due to their scarcity in nature, with Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA) being the pronouncedly reported one. Here, we identified a novel CALA-like lipase from Cordyceps militaris (CACML7) via in silico mining. Through chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we determined that CACML7 displays sn-2 regioselectivity (>68 %) as does CALA, but exhibits distinctive chain length selectivity and bias against unsaturated fats. Notably, the curvature of the acyl-binding tunnel was expected to contribute to the 2.2-fold higher preference for cis-fatty acid (C18:1, cis-Δ9) over trans-fatty acid (C18:1, trans-Δ9) unlike trans-active CALA. Random pose docking of trioleoylglycerol (TOG) into the active site of a lid-truncated mutant of CACML7 revealed that TOG accepts a tuning fork conformation, of which the precise positioning of the reactive ester group towards the catalytic center was only favorable via sn-2 binding mode. The unique active site morphology, which we refer to as an "acyl-binding tunnel with a narrow entrance," may contribute to the sn-2 regioselectivity of CACML7. Our data provide an attractive model to better understand the mechanism underlying sn-2 regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Juchan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseok Choi
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeong Kim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Tang C, Wang L, Sun J, Chen G, Shen J, Wang L, Han Y, Luo J, Li Z, Zhang P, Zeng S, Qi D, Geng J, Liu J, Dai Z. Degradable living plastics programmed by engineered spores. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01713-2. [PMID: 39169270 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Plastics are widely used materials that pose an ecological challenge because their wastes are difficult to degrade. Embedding enzymes and biomachinery within polymers could enable the biodegradation and disposal of plastics. However, enzymes rarely function under conditions suitable for polymer processing. Here, we report degradable living plastics by harnessing synthetic biology and polymer engineering. We engineered Bacillus subtilis spores harboring the gene circuit for the xylose-inducible secretory expression of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BC-lipase). The spores that were resilient to stresses during material processing were mixed with poly(caprolactone) to produce living plastics in various formats. Spore incorporation did not compromise the physical properties of the materials. Spore recovery was triggered by eroding the plastic surface, after which the BC-lipase released by the germinated cells caused near-complete depolymerization of the polymer matrix. This study showcases a method for fabricating green plastics that can function when the spores are latent and decay when the spores are activated and sheds light on the development of materials for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Center of Neural Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangda Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junfeng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Center for Polymers in Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiren Luo
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Center for Polymers in Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Simin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Geng
- Center for Polymers in Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Yang M, Su X, Yang J, Lu Z, Zhou J, Wang F, Liu Y, Ma L, Zhai C. A Whole-Process Visible Strategy for the Preparation of Rhizomucor miehei Lipase with Escherichia coli Secretion Expression System and the Immobilization. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:155. [PMID: 38802857 PMCID: PMC11129466 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizomucor miehei (RM) lipase is a regioselective lipase widely used in food, pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. However, the high cost and low purity of the commercial RM lipase limit its industrial applications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop cost-effective strategies for large-scale preparation of this lipase. The present study explored the high-level expression of RM lipase using superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP)-mediated Escherichia coli secretion system. RESULTS The sfGFP(-15) mutant was fused to the C-terminus of RM lipase to mediate its secretion expression. The yield of the fusion protein reached approximately 5.1 g/L with high-density fermentation in 5-L fermentors. Unlike conventional secretion expression methods, only a small portion of the target protein was secreted into the cell culture while majority of the fusion protein was still remained in the cytoplasm. However, in contrast to intracellular expression, the target protein in the cytoplasm could be transported efficiently to the supernatant through a simple washing step with equal volume of phosphate saline (PBS), without causing cell disruption. Hence, the approach facilitated the downstream purification step of the recombinant RM lipase. Moreover, contamination or decline of the engineered strain and degradation or deactivation of the target enzyme can be detected efficiently because they exhibited bright green fluorescence. Next, the target protein was immobilized with anion-exchange and macropore resins. Diethylaminoethyl sepharose (DEAE), a weak-basic anion-exchange resin, exhibited the highest bind capacity but inhibited the activity of RM lipase dramatically. On the contrary, RM lipase fixed with macropore resin D101 demonstrated the highest specific activity. Although immobilization with D101 didn't improve the activity of the enzyme, the thermostability of the immobilized enzyme elevated significantly. The immobilized RM lipase retained approximately 90% of its activity after 3-h incubation at 80 °C. Therefore, D101 was chosen as the supporting material of the target protein. CONCLUSION The present study established a highly efficient strategy for large-scale preparation of RM lipase. This innovative technique not only provides high-purity RM lipase at a low cost but also has great potential as a platform for the preparation of lipases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Li Y, Guo J, Sun S. Decreasing acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester products using complex enzymes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1355009. [PMID: 38390361 PMCID: PMC10882546 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1355009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, enzymatic method has been used to prepare biodiesel using various oils. But the high acid value of the biodiesel product using enzyme as a catalyst has been one issue. In this work, an attempt to reduce the acid value of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) product to satisfy the specified requirement (AV ≤ 0.5 mgKOH/g), a complex enzyme-catalyzed method was used for the ethanolysis of Semen Abutili seed oil (SASO) (AV = 5.5 ± 0.3 mgKOH/g). The effects of various variables (constituents of complex enzyme, type and addition of water removal agent, time, temperature, enzyme addition load, substrate ratio) on the enzymatic reaction were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were: 1% addition of liquid lipase Eversa® Transform 2.0% and 0.8% of enzyme dry powder CALB, reaction temperature 35°C, alcohol-oil ratio 9:1 (mol/mol), 0.8 g/g of 4A-MS and reaction time 24 h. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the FAEE yield was 90.8% ± 1.5% and its acid value was decreased from 12.0 ± 0.2 mgKOH/g to 0.39 ± 0.10 mgKOH/g. In further evaluating the feasibility of preparing FAEE from SASO, the FAEE products obtained under the optimal reaction conditions were purified and evaluated with reference to the ASTM D6751 standard for the main physicochemical indexes. The results obtained were in accordance with the requirements except for the oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangde Sun
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Machado BR, Duarte SH, Santos LO. Extracellular lipase production by Yarrowia lipolytica under magnetic fields. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:290. [PMID: 37650985 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at estimating cultivation conditions to enable Yarrowia lipolytica NNRL Y-1095 to produce extracellular lipase and at evaluating the influence of magnetic fields (MF) on the lipase production and on its catalytic conditions. Culture conditions of carbon sources and surfactant defined to produce extracellular lipase were 10 g L-1 glucose, 15 g L-1 olive oil and 2 g L-1 Triton X-100. The highest lipase activity (34.8 U mL-1) was reached after 144 h when MFs were applied from 72 to 144 h of culture. It corresponds to an increase of 287.5% by comparison with the highest lipase activity in the control culture. MF application from 72 to 144 h did not change the optimal temperature of lipase, which was 37 °C, by comparison with the control. However, the optimal pH of the control was 7.0 while the one of lipase produced with MF was 8.0. Findings highlighted that the presence of MFs led to increase in synthesis of lipase by Y. lipolytica, with changes in the catalytic profile. This is one of the first studies of MF application to Y. lipolytica NRRL Y-1095 cultures to produce lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Roswag Machado
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Susan Hartwig Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Lucielen Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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7
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Fabbri F, Bischof S, Mayr S, Gritsch S, Jimenez Bartolome M, Schwaiger N, Guebitz GM, Weiss R. The Biomodified Lignin Platform: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071694. [PMID: 37050308 PMCID: PMC10096731 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliance on fossil fuel has led to the increased emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The excessive consumption of raw materials today makes the search for sustainable resources more pressing than ever. Technical lignins are mainly used in low-value applications such as heat and electricity generation. Green enzyme-based modifications of technical lignin have generated a number of functional lignin-based polymers, fillers, coatings, and many other applications and materials. These bio-modified technical lignins often display similar properties in terms of their durability and elasticity as fossil-based materials while also being biodegradable. Therefore, it is possible to replace a wide range of environmentally damaging materials with lignin-based ones. By researching publications from the last 20 years focusing on the latest findings utilizing databases, a comprehensive collection on this topic was crafted. This review summarizes the recent progress made in enzymatically modifying technical lignins utilizing laccases, peroxidases, and lipases. The underlying enzymatic reaction mechanisms and processes are being elucidated and the application possibilities discussed. In addition, the environmental assessment of novel technical lignin-based products as well as the developments, opportunities, and challenges are highlighted.
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8
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Alejaldre L, Lemay-St-Denis C, Pelletier JN, Quaglia D. Tuning Selectivity in CalA Lipase: Beyond Tunnel Engineering. Biochemistry 2023; 62:396-409. [PMID: 36580299 PMCID: PMC9851156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineering studies of Candida (Pseudozyma) antarctica lipase A (CalA) have demonstrated the potential of this enzyme in the selective hydrolysis of fatty acid esters of different chain lengths. CalA has been shown to bind substrates preferentially through an acyl-chain binding tunnel accessed via the hydrolytic active site; it has also been shown that selectivity for substrates of longer or shorter chain length can be tuned, for instance by modulating steric hindrance within the tunnel. Here we demonstrate that, whereas the tunnel region is certainly of paramount importance for substrate recognition, residues in distal regions of the enzyme can also modulate substrate selectivity. To this end, we investigate variants that carry one or more substitutions within the substrate tunnel as well as in distal regions. Combining experimental determination of the substrate selectivity using natural and synthetic substrates with computational characterization of protein dynamics and of tunnels, we deconvolute the effect of key substitutions and demonstrate that epistatic interactions contribute to procuring selectivity toward either long-chain or short/medium-chain fatty acid esters. We demonstrate that various mechanisms contribute to the diverse selectivity profiles, ranging from reshaping tunnel morphology and tunnel stabilization to obstructing the main substrate-binding tunnel, highlighting the dynamic nature of the substrate-binding region. This work provides important insights into the versatility of this robust lipase toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Alejaldre
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
| | - Claudèle Lemay-St-Denis
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH3T 1J4
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH2V 0B3
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- PROTEO,
The Québec Network for Research on Protein, Function, Engineering
and Applications, https://proteo.ca/en/
- CGCC, Center
in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, CanadaH2V 0B3
- Department
of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
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9
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Chen Y, Liu K, Yang Z, Chang M, Wang X, Wang X. Lipase-catalyzed two-step hydrolysis for concentration of acylglycerols rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Food Chem 2023; 400:134115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Plikat C, Drews A, Ansorge-Schumacher M. Effects of protein content on Pickering‐assisted interfacial enzyme catalysis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Plikat
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Chair of Molecular Biotechnology GERMANY
| | - Anja Drews
- HTW Berlin Process Engineering in Life Science Engineering GERMANY
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11
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Yagi Y, Kimura T, Kamezawa M. Biomolecular Chemical Simulations on Enantioselectivity and Reactivity of Lipase Enzymes to Azulene Derivatives. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular chemical simulations have recently become a useful research method in the fields of organic chemistry and bioscience. In the last few years, we have been focusing on the biomolecular computational simulation on lipase enzyme and ligand complexes to predict the enantioselectivity and reactivity of lipases toward non-natural organic compounds. In this paper, we describe the molecular simulations including molecular dynamics (MD) and fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations for the complexes of Candida antarctica lipase type A (CALA) and trifluoromethylazulene alcohol derivatives. From the MD calculations, we found that the fast-reacting enantiomer of esters with high enantioselectivity stays in the vicinity of the active site of CALA, while the slow-reacting enantiomer leaves the active site of CALA. On the other hand, both ( R)- and ( S)-enantiomers of ester with low ensntioselectivity were found to keep near to near the active site of CALA. Further, for the esters that do not react with lipase enzyme, we found that both ( R)- and ( S)-enantiomers move away from the active site of lipase enzyme. From the FMO calculations, we found that each fast-reacting enantiomer of esters with high enantioselectivity strongly interacts with certain particular amino acid residues in CALA containing Asp95, while both ( R)- and ( S)-enantiomers of ester with low enantioselectivity interact with same amino acid residues in CALA including Asp95. These results suggest that it is possible to predict not only the enantioselectivity but also the reactivity of CALA and to identify the amino acid residues important to the enzymatic reaction. Therefore, we consider that our computational simulations would be a useful method for predicting and understanding the reactivity and the enantioselectivity of lipase-catalyzed biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Yagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
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12
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Xie D, Chen Y, Yu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Wang X. Progress in enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11310-11326. [PMID: 35699651 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has been widely used in foods, and pharmaceutical products due to its beneficial effects. The content of n-3 PUFA in natural oils is usually low, which decreases its added value. Thus, there is an increasing demand on the market for n-3 PUFA concentrates. This review firstly introduces the differences in bioavailability and oxidative stability between different types of PUFA concentrate (free fatty acid, ethyl ester and acylglycerol), and then provides a comprehensive discussion of different methods for enrichment of lipids with n-3 PUFA including physical-chemical methods and enzymatic methods. Lipases used for catalyzing esterification, transesterification and hydrolysis reactions play an important role in the production of highly enriched various types of n-3 PUFA concentrates. Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis or hydrolysis reactions are the mostly employed method to prepare high-quality n-3 PUFA of structural acylglycerols. Although many important advantages offered by lipases in enrichment of n-3 PUFA, the high cost of enzyme limits its industrial-scale production. Further research should focus on looking for biological enzymes with extraordinary catalytic ability and clear selectivity. Other novel technologies such as protein engineering and immobilization may be needed to modify lipases to improve its selectivity, catalytic ability and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junwen Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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13
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Chen G, Khan IM, He W, Li Y, Jin P, Campanella OH, Zhang H, Huo Y, Chen Y, Yang H, Miao M. Rebuilding the lid region from conformational and dynamic features to engineering applications of lipase in foods: Current status and future prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2688-2714. [PMID: 35470946 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The applications of lipases in esterification, amidation, and transesterification have broadened their potential in the production of fine compounds with high cumulative values. Mostly, the catalytic triad of lipases is covered by either one or two mobile peptides called the "lid" that control the substrate channel to the catalytic center. The lid holds unique conformational allostery via interfacial activation to regulate the dynamics and catalytic functions of lipases, thereby highlighting its importance in redesigning these enzymes for industrial applications. The structural characteristic of lipase, the dynamics of lids, and the roles of lid in lipase catalysis were summarized, providing opportunities for rebuilding lid region by biotechniques (e.g., metagenomic technology and protein engineering) and enzyme immobilization. The review focused on the advantages and disadvantages of strategies rebuilding the lid region. The main shortcomings of biotechnologies on lid rebuilding were discussed such as negative effects on lipase (e.g., a decrease of activity). Additionally, the main shortcomings (e.g., enzyme desorption at high temperatre) in immobilization on hydrophobic supports via interfacial action were presented. Solutions to the mentioned problems were proposed by combinations of computational design with biotechnologies, and improvements of lipase immobilization (e.g., immobilization protocols and support design). Finally, the review provides future perspectives about designing hyperfunctional lipases as biocatalysts in the food industry based on lid conformation and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Imran Mahmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wensen He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Haihua Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Huo
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Huqing Yang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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14
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Concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides by Candida antarctica lipase A-catalyzed selective methanolysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Carballares D, Rocha-Martin J, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Coimmobilization of lipases exhibiting three very different stability ranges. Reuse of the active enzymes and selective discarding of the inactivated ones. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:580-590. [PMID: 35218810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipases from Candida rugosa (CRL) and Rhizomucor miehei (RML) have been coimmobilized on octyl and octyl-Asp agarose beads. CALB was much more stable than CRL, that was significantly more stable than RML. This forces the user to discard immobilized CALB and CRL when only RML has been inactivated, or immobilized CALB when CRL have been inactivated. To solve this problem, a new strategy has been proposed using three different immobilization protocols. CALB was covalently immobilized on octyl-vinyl sulfone agarose and blocked with Asp. Then, CRL was immobilized via interfacial activation. After coating both immobilized enzymes with polyethylenimine, RML could be immobilized via ion exchange. That way, by incubating in ammonium sulfate solutions, inactivated RML could be released enabling the reuse of coimmobilized CRL and CALB to build a new combi-lipase. Incubating in triton and ammonium sulfate solutions, it was possible to release inactivated CRL and RML, enabling the reuse of immobilized CALB when CRL was inactivated. These cycles could be repeated for 3 full cycles, maintaining the activity of the active and immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Academic, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Adriaensen K, Vercammen J, Van Goethem C, Agrawal KV, De Vos D. In depth analysis of heterogeneous catalysts for the chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of β-amino esters. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of β-amino esters is established after detailed evaluation of metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for racemization and enzyme catalysts for kinetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Adriaensen
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Post Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jannick Vercammen
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Post Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Cédric Van Goethem
- Laboratory for Advanced Separations (LAS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory for Advanced Separations (LAS), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven Chem&Tech, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Post Box 2461, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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17
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Taguchi design-assisted co-immobilization of lipase A and B from Candida antarctica onto chitosan: Characterization, kinetic resolution application, and docking studies. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Temperature-resistant and solvent-tolerant lipases as industrial biocatalysts: Biotechnological approaches and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:127-142. [PMID: 34298046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new biocatalytic systems to replace the chemical catalysts, with suitable characteristics in terms of efficiency, stability under high temperature reactions and in the presence of organic solvents, reusability, and eco-friendliness is considered a very important step to move towards the green processes. From this basis, the use of lipase as a catalyst is highly desired for many industrial applications because it offers the reactions in which could be used, stability in harsh conditions, reusability and a greener process. Therefore, the introduction of temperature-resistant and solvent-tolerant lipases have become essential and ideal for industrial applications. Temperature-resistant and solvent-tolerant lipases have been involved in many large-scale applications including biodiesel, detergent, food, pharmaceutical, organic synthesis, biosensing, pulp and paper, textile, animal feed, cosmetics, and leather industry. So, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the industrial use of lipase. Moreover, special interest in biotechnological and biochemical techniques for enhancing temperature-resistance and solvent-tolerance of lipases to be suitable for the industrial uses.
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19
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Zhang Y, Eser BE, Guo Z. A Bi-Enzymatic Cascade Pathway towards Optically Pure FAHFAs*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2146-2153. [PMID: 33792147 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently discovered endogenous mammalian lipids, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), have been proved to have anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Due to their extremely low abundancies in vivo, forging a feasible scenario for FAHFA synthesis is critical for their use in uncovering biological mechanisms or in clinical trials. Here, we showcase a fully enzymatic approach, a novel in vitro bi-enzymatic cascade system, enabling an effective conversion of nature-abundant fatty acids into FAHFAs. Two hydratases from Lactobacillus acidophilus were used for converting unsaturated fatty acids to various enantiomeric hydroxy fatty acids, followed by esterification with another fatty acid catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase A (CALA). Various FAHFAs were synthesized in a semi-preparative scale using this bi-enzymatic approach in a one-pot two-step operation mode. In all, we demonstrate that the hydratase-CALA system offers a promising route for the synthesis of optically pure structure-diverse FAHFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Different strategies for the lipase immobilization on the chitosan based supports and their applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:170-195. [PMID: 33667561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have received incredible interests in industry, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and biochemistry sectors due to their various advantages such as ease of separation, multiple reusability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high activity and resistant to environmental changes. This review in between various immobilized enzymes focuses on lipase as one of the most practical enzyme and chitosan as a preferred biosupport for lipase immobilization and provides a broad range of studies of recent decade. We highlight several aspects of lipase immobilization on the surface of chitosan support containing various types of lipase and immobilization techniques from physical adsorption to covalent bonding and cross-linking with their benefits and drawbacks. The recent advances and future perspectives that can improve the present problems with lipase and chitosan such as high-price of lipase and low mechanical resistance of chitosan are also discussed. According to the literature, optimization of immobilization methods, combination of these methods with other techniques, physical and chemical modifications of chitosan, co-immobilization and protein engineering can be useful as a solution to overcome the mentioned limitations.
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21
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Braham SA, Siar EH, Arana-Peña S, Bavandi H, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, de Andrades D, Kornecki JF, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Positive effect of glycerol on the stability of immobilized enzymes: Is it a universal fact? Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Effect of Concentrated Salts Solutions on the Stability of Immobilized Enzymes: Influence of Inactivation Conditions and Immobilization Protocol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040968. [PMID: 33673063 PMCID: PMC7918437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the effects of some salts (NaCl, (NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4) at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 on the stability of 13 different immobilized enzymes: five lipases, three proteases, two glycosidases, and one laccase, penicillin G acylase and catalase. The enzymes were immobilized to prevent their aggregation. Lipases were immobilized via interfacial activation on octyl agarose or on glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads, proteases on glyoxyl agarose or glutaraldehyde-amino agarose beads. The use of high concentrations of salts usually has some effects on enzyme stability, but the intensity and nature of these effects depends on the inactivation pH, nature and concentration of the salt, enzyme and immobilization protocol. The same salt can be a stabilizing or a destabilizing agent for a specific enzyme depending on its concentration, inactivation pH and immobilization protocol. Using lipases, (NH4)2SO4 generally permits the highest stabilities (although this is not a universal rule), but using the other enzymes this salt is in many instances a destabilizing agent. At pH 9.0, it is more likely to find a salt destabilizing effect than at pH 7.0. Results confirm the difficulty of foreseeing the effect of high concentrations of salts in a specific immobilized enzyme.
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23
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Monteiro RR, Virgen-Ortiz JJ, Berenguer-Murcia Á, da Rocha TN, dos Santos JC, Alcántara AR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological relevance of the lipase A from Candida antarctica. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Carballares D, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of lipases via interfacial activation on hydrophobic supports: Production of biocatalysts libraries by altering the immobilization conditions. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Verma S, Meghwanshi GK, Kumar R. Current perspectives for microbial lipases from extremophiles and metagenomics. Biochimie 2021; 182:23-36. [PMID: 33421499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are most broadly used biocatalysts for environmental and industrial applications. Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of long acyl chain esters and have a characteristic folding pattern of α/β hydrolase with highly conserved catalytic triad (Serine, Aspartic/Glutamic acid and Histidine). Mesophilic lipases (optimal activity in neutral pH range, mesophilic temperature range, atmospheric pressure, normal salinity, non-radio-resistant, and instability in organic solvents) have been in use for many industrial biotransformation reactions. However, lipases from extremophiles can be used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, less byproducts or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. The extremophile lipase perform activity at extremes of temperature, pH, salinity, and pressure which can be screened from metagenome and de novo lipase design using computational approaches. Despite structural similarity, they exhibit great diversity at the sequence level. This diversity is broader when lipases from the bacterial, archaeal, plant, and animal domains/kingdoms are compared. Furthermore, a great diversity of novel lipases exists and can be discovered from the analysis of the dark matter - the unexplored nucleotide/metagenomic databases. This review is an update on extremophilic microbial lipases, their diversity, structure, and classification. An overview on novel lipases which have been detected through analysis of the genomic dark matter (metagenome) has also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, 334004, India
| | | | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden.
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26
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Darwish AMG, Abo Nahas HH, Korra YH, Osman AA, El-Kholy WM, Reyes-Córdova M, Saied EM, Abdel-Azeem AM. Fungal Lipases: Insights into Molecular Structures and Biotechnological Applications in Medicine and Dairy Industry. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Yang Z, Jin W, Cheng X, Dong Z, Chang M, Wang X. Enzymatic enrichment of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides by selective hydrolysis. Food Chem 2020; 346:128743. [PMID: 33419584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most natural oils are low in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) content, which limits their application in health products. In this study, n-3 PUFAs in glyceride form were selectively enriched by lipase-mediated hydrolysis of n-3 PUFA-containing oils. First, commercial lipases were screened, and the lipase AY "Amano" 400SD from Candida cylindracea was the best choice in producing n-3 PUFA glycerides from tuna oil. Subsequently, the hydrolysis conditions were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the highest n-3 PUFA content in the glyceride fraction was found to be 57.7% after enzymatic hydrolysis. Addition of Ca2+ to the system significantly shortened the reaction time from 10 to 4 h. When algal oil was used as substrate, total PUFA contents in the glyceride fraction were 89.9%. This study provides an efficient enzymatic process to produce n-3 PUFA-enriched glyceride concentrates and demonstrates that AY "Amano" 400SD can effectively discriminate against n-3 PUFAs during hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wenhua Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xinyi Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Ming Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaosan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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28
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Zou B, Yan Y, Xia J, Zhang L, Adesanya IO. Enhancing bio-catalytic activity and stability of lipase nanogel by functional ionic liquids modification. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111275. [PMID: 32739774 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel integrated lipase nanogel based on functional ionic liquid modification and polymerization immobilization with improved stability was designed. Characterization before and after modification and polymerization was conducted using infrared spectroscopy, Circular dichroism spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the modification of the ionic liquid influenced the catalytic behavior of lipase significantly due to the changed structure and surface properties of lipase. The enzymatic properties, including acid-base stability, thermal stability, organic solvents stability, and storage stability of CRL nanogel, were investigated in the p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis reaction (CRL, Lipase from Candida Rugosa). The results indicated that CRL nanogel has a better pH, heat, and organic solvent tolerance after immobilization. After seven weeks of storage, the natural CRL gradually lost its enzymatic activity, and only 17.5±1.7 % of the catalytic activity remained, the residual activity of CRL nanogel was 97.3±1.8 %. It was indicated that the novel CRL nanogel was an excellent biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, China
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29
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Kornecki JF, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Siar EH, Kashefi S, Chafiaa M, Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Influence of phosphate anions on the stability of immobilized enzymes. Effect of enzyme nature, immobilization protocol and inactivation conditions. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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Abstract
Microbial lipases represent one of the most important groups of biotechnological biocatalysts. However, the high-level production of lipases requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gene expression, folding, and secretion processes. Stable, selective, and productive lipase is essential for modern chemical industries, as most lipases cannot work in different process conditions. However, the screening and isolation of a new lipase with desired and specific properties would be time consuming, and costly, so researchers typically modify an available lipase with a certain potential for minimizing cost. Improving enzyme properties is associated with altering the enzymatic structure by changing one or several amino acids in the protein sequence. This review detailed the main sources, classification, structural properties, and mutagenic approaches, such as rational design (site direct mutagenesis, iterative saturation mutagenesis) and direct evolution (error prone PCR, DNA shuffling), for achieving modification goals. Here, both techniques were reviewed, with different results for lipase engineering, with a particular focus on improving or changing lipase specificity. Changing the amino acid sequences of the binding pocket or lid region of the lipase led to remarkable enzyme substrate specificity and enantioselectivity improvement. Site-directed mutagenesis is one of the appropriate methods to alter the enzyme sequence, as compared to random mutagenesis, such as error-prone PCR. This contribution has summarized and evaluated several experimental studies on modifying the substrate specificity of lipases.
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31
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Wahab RA, Elias N, Abdullah F, Ghoshal SK. On the taught new tricks of enzymes immobilization: An all-inclusive overview. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Tesei D, Quartinello F, Guebitz GM, Ribitsch D, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Sterflinger K. Shotgun proteomics reveals putative polyesterases in the secretome of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia chersonesos. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9770. [PMID: 32555357 PMCID: PMC7299934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Knufia chersonesos is an ascomycotal representative of black fungi, a morphological group of polyextremotolerant melanotic fungi, whose ability to resort to recalcitrant carbon sources makes it an interesting candidate for degradation purposes. A secretome screening towards polyesterases was carried out for the fungus and its non-melanized mutant, grown in presence of the synthetic copolyester Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) as additional or sole carbon source, and resulted in the identification of 37 esterolytic and lipolytic enzymes across the established cultivation conditions. Quantitative proteomics allowed to unveil 9 proteins being constitutively expressed at all conditions and 7 which were instead detected as up-regulated by PBAT exposure. Protein functional analysis and structure prediction indicated similarity of these enzymes to microbial polyesterases of known biotechnological use such as MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis and CalA from Candida albicans. For both strains, PBAT hydrolysis was recorded at all cultivation conditions and primarily the corresponding monomers were released, which suggests degradation to the polymer's smallest building block. The work presented here aims to demonstrate how investigations of the secretome can provide new insights into the eco-physiology of polymer degrading fungi and ultimately aid the identification of novel enzymes with potential application in polymer processing, recycling and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Tesei
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Felice Quartinello
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Sterflinger
- Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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A Series of Novel Esters of Capsaicin Analogues Catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipases. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sirén S, Dahlström KM, Puttreddy R, Rissanen K, Salminen TA, Scheinin M, Li XG, Liljeblad A. Candida antarctica Lipase A-Based Enantiorecognition of a Highly Strained 4-Dibenzocyclooctynol (DIBO) Used for PET Imaging. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040879. [PMID: 32079253 PMCID: PMC7070869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantiomers of aromatic 4-dibenzocyclooctynol (DIBO), used for radiolabeling and subsequent conjugation of biomolecules to form radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET), were separated by kinetic resolution using lipase A from Candida antarctica (CAL-A). In optimized conditions, (R)-DIBO [(R)-1, ee 95%] and its acetylated (S)-ester [(S)-2, ee 96%] were isolated. In silico docking results explained the ability of CAL-A to differentiate the enantiomers of DIBO and to accommodate various acyl donors. Anhydrous MgCl2 was used for binding water from the reaction medium and, thus, for obtaining higher conversion by preventing hydrolysis of the product (S)-2 into the starting material. Since the presence of hydrated MgCl2·6H2O also allowed high conversion or effect on enantioselectivity, Mg2+ ion was suspected to interact with the enzyme. Binding site predictions indicated at least two sites of interest; one in the lid domain at the bottom of the acyl binding pocket and another at the interface of the hydrolase and flap domains, just above the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Sirén
- Laboratory of Synthetic Drug Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Käthe M. Dahlström
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.D.); (T.A.S.)
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland (K.R.)
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland (K.R.)
| | - Tiina A. Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (K.M.D.); (T.A.S.)
| | - Mika Scheinin
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: (X.-G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Arto Liljeblad
- Laboratory of Synthetic Drug Chemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: (X.-G.L.); (A.L.)
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Heyse A, Kraume M, Drews A. The impact of lipases on the rheological behavior of colloidal silica nanoparticle stabilized Pickering emulsions for biocatalytical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lv Y, Sun S, Liu J. Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by a Methanol-Tolerant Lipase A from Candida antarctica in the Presence of Excess Water. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20064-20071. [PMID: 31788641 PMCID: PMC6882127 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, biodiesel was prepared using a novel free liquid lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA) as a catalyst in the presence of excess water. The methanol tolerance of CALA was investigated. The effect of reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of soybean oil to methanol, water load, CALA load, reaction temperature, and reaction time, was evaluated. Reaction thermodynamics and kinetics were also analyzed. Results showed that free liquid lipase CALA showed excellent methanol tolerance in the reaction system using one-step addition of methanol and can be used to prepare biodiesel with water load of 12-14%. The influence of three transesterification variables on biodiesel yield was water load > temperature > time. The transesterification conditions were optimized by response surface methodology as follows: CALA load 5%, substrate molar ratio (soybean oil/methanol) 1:7, water load 14%, reaction time 26 h, and temperature 38 °C. The maximum biodiesel yield (92.4 ± 0.8%) was obtained under optimal conditions. The activation energy for biodiesel formation was 52.58 kJ/mol. Kinetic parameters K m ' and V max were 4.84 × 10-1 mol/L and 6.85 × 10-2 mol/(L·min), respectively. The mechanism of CALA-catalyzed transesterification was also proposed.
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Chen M, Gao X, Yang W, Sun C, Yang J, Zhang H, Song Y. Discovery and characterization of a stable lipase with preference toward long-chain fatty acids. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:171-180. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Monteiro RRC, Neto DMA, Fechine PBA, Lopes AAS, Gonçalves LRB, dos Santos JCS, de Souza MCM, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Ethyl Butyrate Synthesis Catalyzed by Lipases A and B from Candida antarctica Immobilized onto Magnetic Nanoparticles. Improvement of Biocatalysts' Performance under Ultrasonic Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225807. [PMID: 31752306 PMCID: PMC6888514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ethyl butyrate catalyzed by lipases A (CALA) or B (CALB) from Candida antarctica immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), CALA-MNP and CALB-MNP, respectively, is hereby reported. MNPs were prepared by co-precipitation, functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, activated with glutaraldehyde, and then used as support to immobilize either CALA or CALB (immobilization yield: 100 ± 1.2% and 57.6 ± 3.8%; biocatalysts activities: 198.3 ± 2.7 Up-NPB/g and 52.9 ± 1.7 Up-NPB/g for CALA-MNP and CALB-MNP, respectively). X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated the production of a magnetic nanomaterial with a diameter of 13.0 nm, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated functionalization, activation and enzyme immobilization. To determine the optimum conditions for the synthesis, a four-variable Central Composite Design (CCD) (biocatalyst content, molar ratio, temperature and time) was performed. Under optimized conditions (1:1, 45 °C and 6 h), it was possible to achieve 99.2 ± 0.3% of conversion for CALA-MNP (10 mg) and 97.5 ± 0.8% for CALB-MNP (12.5 mg), which retained approximately 80% of their activity after 10 consecutive cycles of esterification. Under ultrasonic irradiation, similar conversions were achieved but at 4 h of incubation, demonstrating the efficiency of ultrasound technology in the enzymatic synthesis of esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R. C. Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60455760, Fortaleza 60000-000, CE, Brazil; (R.R.C.M.); (L.R.B.G.)
| | - Davino M. Andrade Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760, Fortaleza 60000-000, CE, Brazil; (D.M.A.N.); (P.B.A.F.)
| | - Pierre B. A. Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, CEP 60455760, Fortaleza 60000-000, CE, Brazil; (D.M.A.N.); (P.B.A.F.)
| | - Ada A. S. Lopes
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, CEP 62790970, Redenção 68550-000, CE, Brazil;
| | - Luciana R. B. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60455760, Fortaleza 60000-000, CE, Brazil; (R.R.C.M.); (L.R.B.G.)
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, CEP 62790970, Redenção 68550-000, CE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.d.S.); (M.C.M.d.S.); (R.F.-L.); Tel.: +55-85-3332-6109 (J.C.S.d.S. & M.C.M.d.S.); +34-915-854-941 (R.F.-L.)
| | - Maria C. M. de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, CEP 62790970, Redenção 68550-000, CE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.d.S.); (M.C.M.d.S.); (R.F.-L.); Tel.: +55-85-3332-6109 (J.C.S.d.S. & M.C.M.d.S.); +34-915-854-941 (R.F.-L.)
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.d.S.); (M.C.M.d.S.); (R.F.-L.); Tel.: +55-85-3332-6109 (J.C.S.d.S. & M.C.M.d.S.); +34-915-854-941 (R.F.-L.)
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Monteiro RRC, Lima PJM, Pinheiro BB, Freire TM, Dutra LMU, Fechine PBA, Gonçalves LRB, de Souza MCM, Dos Santos JCS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of Lipase A from Candida antarctica onto Chitosan-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4018. [PMID: 31426510 PMCID: PMC6720176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this communication, lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA) was immobilized by covalent bonding on magnetic nanoparticles coated with chitosan and activated with glutaraldehyde, labelled CALA-MNP, (immobilization parameters: 84.1% ± 1.0 for immobilization yield and 208.0 ± 3.0 U/g ± 1.1 for derivative activity). CALA-MNP biocatalyst was characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetry (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), proving the incorporation of magnetite and the immobilization of CALA in the chitosan matrix. Besides, the immobilized biocatalyst showed a half-life 8-11 times higher than that of the soluble enzyme at pH 5-9. CALA showed the highest activity at pH 7, while CALA-MNP presented the highest activity at pH 10. The immobilized enzyme was more active than the free enzyme at all studied pH values, except pH 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Paula J M Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Pinheiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Freire
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Lillian M U Dutra
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre B A Fechine
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza CEP 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza 60455760, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria C M de Souza
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil.
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Zhang P, Cheng Q, Xu W, Tang K. Modeling and optimization of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis for production of (S)-2-phenylbutyric acid enhanced by hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Löfgren J, Görbe T, Oschmann M, Svedendahl Humble M, Bäckvall J. Transesterification of a Tertiary Alcohol by Engineered
Candida antarctica
Lipase A. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1438-1443. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Löfgren
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tamás Görbe
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Oschmann
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Svedendahl Humble
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health (CBH)Department of Industrial Biotechnology AlbaNova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Pharem Biotech ABBiovation Park Forskargatan 20 J 151 36 Södertälje Sweden
| | - Jan‐E. Bäckvall
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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Huang W, Lan D, Popowicz GM, Zak KM, Zhao Z, Yuan H, Yang B, Wang Y. Structure and characterization of
Aspergillus fumigatus
lipase B with a unique, oversized regulatory subdomain. FEBS J 2019; 286:2366-2380. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Huang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | | | - Krzysztof M. Zak
- Institute of Structural Biology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Hong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center) Guangzhou China
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He Y, Wang X, Wei H, Zhang J, Chen B, Chen F. Direct enzymatic ethanolysis of potential Nannochloropsis biomass for co-production of sustainable biodiesel and nutraceutical eicosapentaenoic acid. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:78. [PMID: 30992715 PMCID: PMC6449970 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine microalga Nannochloropsis is a promising source for the production of renewable and sustainable biodiesel in replacement of depleting petroleum. Other than biodiesel, Nannochloropsis is a green and potential resource for the commercial production of nutraceutical eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5). In recent studies, low-value biodiesel can be achieved by transesterification of Nannochloropsis biomass. However, it is undoubtedly wasteful to produce microalgal biodiesel containing EPA from nutritional and economical aspects. A new strategy was addressed and exploited to produce low-value bulky biodiesel along with EPA enrichment via enzymatic ethanolysis of Nannochloropsis biomass with a specific lipase. RESULTS Cellulase pretreatment on Nannochloropsis sp. biomass significantly improved the biodiesel conversion by direct ethanolysis with five enzymes from Candida antarctica (CALA and CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL), Rhizomucor miehei (RM), and Aspergillus oryzae (PLA). Among these five biocatalysts, CALA was the best suitable enzyme to yield high biodiesel conversion and effectively enrich EPA. After optimization, the maximum biodiesel conversion (46.53-48.57%) was attained by CALA at 8:1 ethanol/biomass ratio (v/w) in 10-15% water content with 10% lipase weight at 35 °C for 72 h. Meanwhile, EPA (60.81%) was highly enriched in microalgae NPLs (neutral lipids and polar lipids), increasing original EPA levels by 1.51-fold. Moreover, this process was re-evaluated with two Nannochloropsis species (IMET1 and Salina 537). Under the optimized conditions, the biodiesel conversions of IMET1 and Salina 537 by CALA were 63.41% and 54.33%, respectively. EPA contents of microalgal NPLs were 50.06% for IMET1 and 53.73% for Salina 537. CONCLUSION CALA was the potential biocatalyst to discriminate against EPA in the ethanolysis of Nannochloropsis biomass. The biodiesel conversion and EPA enrich efficiency of CALA were greatly dependent on lipidic class and fatty acid compositions of Nannochloropsis biomass. CALA-catalyzed ethanolysis with Nannochloropsis biomass was a promising approach for co-production of low-value biodiesel and high-value microalgae products rich in EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin He
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, The Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117 China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Hehong Wei
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jianzhi Zhang
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Bilian Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117 China
| | - Feng Chen
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000 China
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Versatility of Candida antarctica lipase in the amide bond formation applied in organic synthesis and biotechnological processes. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Quaglia D, Alejaldre L, Ouadhi S, Rousseau O, Pelletier JN. Holistic engineering of Cal-A lipase chain-length selectivity identifies triglyceride binding hot-spot. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210100. [PMID: 30640952 PMCID: PMC6331120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the application of a region-focused saturation mutagenesis and randomization approach, protein engineering of the Cal-A enzyme was undertaken with the goal of conferring new triglyceride selectivity. Little is known about the mode of triglyceride binding to Cal-A. Engineering Cal-A thus requires a systemic approach. Targeted and randomized Cal-A libraries were created, recombined using the Golden Gate approach and screened to detect variants able to discriminate between long-chain (olive oil) and short-chain (tributyrin) triglyceride substrates using a high-throughput in vivo method to visualize hydrolytic activity. Discriminative variants were analyzed using an in-house script to identify predominant substitutions. This approach allowed identification of variants that exhibit strong discrimination for the hydrolysis of short-chain triglycerides and others that discriminate towards hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides. A clear pattern emerged from the discriminative variants, identifying the 217–245 helix-loop-helix motif as being a hot-spot for triglyceride recognition. This was the consequence of introducing the entire mutational load in selected regions, without putting a strain on distal parts of the protein. Our results improve our understanding of the Cal-A lipase mode of action and selectivity. This holistic perspective to protein engineering, where parts of the gene are individually mutated and the impact evaluated in the context of the whole protein, can be applied to any protein scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quaglia
- Département de Chimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lorea Alejaldre
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Ouadhi
- Département de Chimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Rousseau
- Département de Chimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Département de Chimie and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Robles-Machuca M, del Campo MM, Camacho-Ruiz MÁ, Ordaz E, Zamora-González EO, Müller-Santos M, Rodríguez JA. Comparative features between recombinant lipases CALA-like from U. maydis and CALA from C. antarctica in thermal stability and selectivity. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 41:241-252. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arana-Peña S, Lokha Y, Fernández-Lafuente R. Immobilization on octyl-agarose beads and some catalytic features of commercial preparations of lipase a from Candida antarctica (Novocor ADL): Comparison with immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2735. [PMID: 30341806 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipase A from Candida antarctica (CALA, commercialized as Novocor ADL) was immobilized on octyl-agarose, which is a very useful support for lipase immobilization, and coated with polyethylenimine to improve the stability. The performance was compared to that of the form B of the enzyme (CALB) immobilized on the same support, as both enzymes are among the most popular ones used in biocatalysis. CALA immobilization produced a significant increase in enzyme activity vs. p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB) (by a factor of seven), and the coating with PEI did not have a significant effect on enzyme activity. CALB reduced its activity slightly after enzyme immobilization. Octyl-CALA was less stable than octyl-CALB at pH 9 and more stable at pH 5 and, more clearly, at pH 7. PEI coating only increased octyl-CALA stability at pH 9. In organic solvents, CALB had much better stability in methanol and was similarly stable in acetonitrile or dioxane. In these systems, the PEI coating of octyl-CALA permitted some stabilization. While octyl-CALA was more active vs. pNPB, octyl-CALB was much more active vs. mandelic esters or triacetin. Thus, depending on the specific reaction and the conditions, CALA or CALB may offer different advantages and drawbacks. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2735, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arana-Peña
- Dept. de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuliya Lokha
- Dept. de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Dimitriou PS, Denesyuk AI, Nakayama T, Johnson MS, Denessiouk K. Distinctive structural motifs co-ordinate the catalytic nucleophile and the residues of the oxyanion hole in the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes. Protein Sci 2018; 28:344-364. [PMID: 30311984 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The alpha/beta-hydrolases (ABH) are among the largest structural families of proteins that are found in nature. Although they vary in their sequence and function, the ABH enzymes use a similar acid-base-nucleophile catalytic mechanism to catalyze reactions on different substrates. Because ABH enzymes are biocatalysts with a wide range of potential applications, protein engineering has taken advantage of their catalytic versatility to develop enzymes with industrial applications. This study is a comprehensive analysis of 40 ABH enzyme families focusing on two identified substructures: the nucleophile zone and the oxyanion zone, which co-ordinate the catalytic nucleophile and the residues of the oxyanion hole, and independently reported as critical for the enzymatic activity. We also frequently observed an aromatic cluster near the nucleophile and oxyanion zones, and opposite the ligand-binding site. The nucleophile zone, the oxyanion zone and the residue cluster enriched in aromatic side chains comprise a three-dimensional structural organization that shapes the active site of ABH enzymes and plays an important role in the enzymatic function by structurally stabilizing the catalytic nucleophile and the residues of the oxyanion hole. The structural data support the notion that the aromatic cluster can participate in co-ordination of the catalytic histidine loop, and properly place the catalytic histidine next to the catalytic nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polytimi S Dimitriou
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alexander I Denesyuk
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Tohoku University, Biomolecular Engineering, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mark S Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Konstantin Denessiouk
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
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49
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Zorn K, Oroz‐Guinea I, Brundiek H, Dörr M, Bornscheuer UT. Alteration of Chain Length Selectivity of Candida antarctica Lipase A by Semi-Rational Design for the Enrichment of Erucic and Gondoic Fatty Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2018; 360:4115-4131. [PMID: 30555288 PMCID: PMC6283244 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnological strategies using renewable materials as starting substrates are a promising alternative to traditional oleochemical processes for the isolation of different fatty acids. Among them, long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids are especially interesting in industrial lipid modification, since they are precursors of several economically relevant products, including detergents, plastics and lubricants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an enzymatic method in order to increase the percentage of long chain mono-unsaturated fatty acids from Camelina and Crambe oil ethyl ester derivatives, by using selective lipases. Specifically, the focus was on the enrichment of gondoic (C20:1 cisΔ11) and erucic acid (C22:1 cisΔ13) from Camelina and Crambe oil derivatives, respectively. The pursuit of this goal entailed several steps, including: (i) the choice of a suitable lipase scaffold to serve as a protein engineering template (Candida antarctica lipase A); (ii) the identification of potential amino acid targets to disrupt the binding tunnel at the adequate location; (iii) the design, creation and high-throughput screening of lipase mutant libraries; (iv) the study of the selectivity towards different chain length p-nitrophenyl fatty acid esters of the best hits found, as well as the analysis of the contribution of each amino acid change and the outcome of combining several of the aforementioned residue alterations and, finally, (v) the selection and application of the most promising candidates for the fatty acid enrichment biocatalysis. As a result, enrichment of C22:1 from Crambe ethyl esters was achieved either, in the free fatty acid fraction (wt, 78%) or in the esterified fraction (variants V1, 77%; V9, 78% and V19, 74%). Concerning the enrichment of C20:1 when Camelina oil ethyl esters were used as substrate, the best variant was the single mutant V290W, which doubled its content in the esterified fraction from approximately 15% to 34%. A moderately lower increase was achieved by V9 and its two derived triple mutant variants V19 and V20 (27%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zorn
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Isabel Oroz‐Guinea
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Mark Dörr
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- University of Greifswald, Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisFelix-Hausdorff-Str. 417487GreifswaldGermany
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50
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Impact of enzyme properties on drop size distribution and filtration of water-in-oil Pickering emulsions for application in continuous biocatalysis. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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