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Jiawen W, Jinfu W, Jianyong L, Yaoguang Z, Jianye W. Comprehensive landscape of the miRNA-regulated prognostic marker LAYN with immune infiltration and stemness in pan-cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10989-11011. [PMID: 37335337 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has created a significant risk to worldwide public health. According to recent research, C-type lectins may be SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Layilin (LAYN), a broadly expressed integral membrane hyaluronan receptor with a C-type lectin structural domain, is a gene related to cell senescence. There are a few studies on C-type lectins in pan-cancer, and no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted for LAYN. METHODS The genotype tissue expression (GTEx) portal and the cancer genome map (TCGA) database were used to collect samples from healthy and cancer patients. Bioinformatics methods are used to construct immune landscape, mutation landscape, and stemness landscape of LAYN. The single-cell sequencing data were used from the CancerSEA website to analyze the functions of LAYN. The prognosis potential of LAYN was discussed based on machine learning. RESULTS LAYN is differentially expressed among cancers. Survival analysis indicated that LAYN was related to a poor overall survival (OS) rate in cancers, like HNSC, MESO, and OV. Mutational landscapes of LAYN in SKCM and STAD were constructed. LAYN was negatively related to Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) in THCA, PRAD, and UCEC, and with the Microsatellite Instability (MSI) in STAD, LUAD, and UCEC. The immune landscape in pan-cancer suggested that LAYN may be involved in tumor immune escape. LAYN plays a crucial role in the infiltration of immune cells in malignant tumors. LAYN participates in methylation modifications and affects tumor proliferation and metastasis by regulating stemness. Analysis of single-cell sequencing data suggests that LAYN may participate in several biological processes, like stemness, apoptosis, and DNA repair. LAYN transcript was predicted as a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-related RNA. The results of KIRC were verified in the GEO and ArrayExpress databases. Furthermore, prognostic models based on machine learning of LAYN-related genes were established. Hsa-miR-153-5p and hsa-miR-505-3p may be the upstream miRNAs of LAYN and have a high value for tumor prognosis. CONCLUSION This study elucidated the functional mechanisms of LAYN from a pan-cancer perspective and provided novel insights into cancer prognosis, metastasis, and immunotherapy. LAYN has the potential to become a new target of mRNA vaccines and molecular therapies in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jiawen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jinfu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Jianyong
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Yaoguang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jianye
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Liu F, Wu Q, Dong Z, Liu K. Integrins in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108458. [PMID: 37245545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are vital surface adhesion receptors that mediate the interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells and are essential for cell migration and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Aberrant integrin activation promotes initial tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. Recently, many lines of evidence have indicated that integrins are highly expressed in numerous cancer types and have documented many functions of integrins in tumorigenesis. Thus, integrins have emerged as attractive targets for the development of cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms by which integrins contribute to most of the hallmarks of cancer. We focus on recent progress on integrin regulators, binding proteins, and downstream effectors. We highlight the role of integrins in the regulation of tumor metastasis, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and other hallmarks of cancer. In addition, integrin-targeted immunotherapy and other integrin inhibitors that have been used in preclinical and clinical studies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Tianjian Advanced Biomedical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Tianjian Advanced Biomedical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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3
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Xin H, Huang J, Song Z, Mao J, Xi X, Shi X. Structure, signal transduction, activation, and inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3. Thromb J 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36782235 PMCID: PMC9923933 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric receptors comprising α and β subunits. They are expressed on the cell surface and play key roles in cell adhesion, migration, and growth. Several types of integrins are expressed on the platelets, including αvβ3, αIIbβ3, α2β1, α5β1, and α6β1. Among these, physically αIIbβ3 is exclusively expressed on the platelet surface and their precursor cells, megakaryocytes. αIIbβ3 adopts at least three conformations: i) bent-closed, ii) extended-closed, and iii) extended-open. The transition from conformation i) to iii) occurs when αIIbβ3 is activated by stimulants. Conformation iii) possesses a high ligand affinity, which triggers integrin clustering and platelet aggregation. Platelets are indispensable for maintaining vascular system integrity and preventing bleeding. However, excessive platelet activation can result in myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Therefore, finding a novel strategy to stop bleeding without accelerating the risk of thrombosis is important. Regulation of αIIbβ3 activation is vital for this strategy. There are a large number of molecules that facilitate or inhibit αIIbβ3 activation. The interference of these molecules can accurately control the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. This review describes the structure and signal transduction of αIIbβ3, summarizes the molecules that directly or indirectly affect integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and discusses some novel antiαIIbβ3 drugs. This will advance our understanding of the activation of αIIbβ3 and its essential role in platelet function and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xin
- grid.452511.6Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003 China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003 China ,grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhiqun Song
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Province People’s Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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4
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Ripamonti M, Wehrle-Haller B, de Curtis I. Paxillin: A Hub for Mechano-Transduction from the β3 Integrin-Talin-Kindlin Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852016. [PMID: 35450290 PMCID: PMC9016114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are specialized integrin-dependent adhesion complexes, which ensure cell anchoring to the extracellular matrix. Focal adhesions also function as mechano-signaling platforms by perceiving and integrating diverse physical and (bio)chemical cues of their microenvironment, and by transducing them into intracellular signaling for the control of cell behavior. The fundamental biological mechanism of creating intracellular signaling in response to changes in tensional forces appears to be tightly linked to paxillin recruitment and binding to focal adhesions. Interestingly, the tension-dependent nature of the paxillin binding to adhesions, combined with its scaffolding function, suggests a major role of this protein in integrating multiple signals from the microenvironment, and accordingly activating diverse molecular responses. This minireview offers an overview of the molecular bases of the mechano-sensitivity and mechano-signaling capacity of core focal adhesion proteins, and highlights the role of paxillin as a key component of the mechano-transducing machinery based on the interaction of cells to substrates activating the β3 integrin-talin1-kindlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ripamonti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ivan de Curtis,
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5
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Glasgow JE, Byrnes JR, Barbee SD, Moreau JM, Rosenblum MD, Wells JA. Identifying and antagonizing the interactions between layilin and glycosylated collagens. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:597-604.e7. [PMID: 35104453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Layilin is a small type I transmembrane receptor thought to bridge extracellular ligands with the cytoskeleton through its intracellular interactions with the scaffolding protein talin. Recent bulk- and single-cell RNA sequencing experiments have repeatedly found layilin to be highly upregulated in key T cell sub-populations in multiple disease states, suggesting its importance to the adaptive immune response. Despite this prevalence, little is known about layilin's precise role in mediating extracellular interactions or how these interactions can be modulated in disease states. Here we take advantage of layilin's dependence on calcium ions to discover its interactions with highly glycosylated type II, IV, V, and VI collagens. Toward exploring layilin's role in disease, we exploited the Ca2+ dependence in a differential phage display strategy to engineer species cross-reactive antibodies that block this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff E Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James R Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Talins are cytoskeletal linker proteins that consist of an N-terminal head domain, a flexible neck region and a C-terminal rod domain made of 13 helical bundles. The head domain binds integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic tails, which triggers integrin conformational activation to increase affinity for extracellular matrix proteins. The rod domain links to actin filaments inside the cell to transmit mechanical loads and serves as a mechanosensitive signalling hub for the recruitment of many other proteins. The α-helical bundles function as force-dependent switches - proteins that interact with folded bundles are displaced when force induces unfolding, exposing previously cryptic binding sites for other ligands. This leads to the notion of a talin code. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we propose that the multiple switches within the talin rod function to process and store time- and force-dependent mechanical and chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Nicholas H. Brown
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 1DY, UK
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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7
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Mahuron KM, Moreau JM, Glasgow JE, Boda DP, Pauli ML, Gouirand V, Panjabi L, Grewal R, Luber JM, Mathur AN, Feldman RM, Shifrut E, Mehta P, Lowe MM, Alvarado MD, Marson A, Singer M, Wells J, Jupp R, Daud AI, Rosenblum MD. Layilin augments integrin activation to promote antitumor immunity. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151858. [PMID: 32539073 PMCID: PMC7478725 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells mediate antitumor immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which T cells remain poised to kill cancer cells despite expressing high levels of inhibitory receptors are unknown. Here, we report that layilin, a C-type lectin domain-containing membrane glycoprotein, is selectively expressed on highly activated, clonally expanded, but phenotypically exhausted CD8+ T cells in human melanoma. Lineage-specific deletion of layilin on murine CD8+ T cells reduced their accumulation in tumors and increased tumor growth in vivo. Congruently, gene editing of LAYN in human CD8+ T cells reduced direct tumor cell killing ex vivo. On a molecular level, layilin colocalized with integrin αLβ2 (LFA-1) on T cells, and cross-linking layilin promoted the activated state of this integrin. Accordingly, LAYN deletion resulted in attenuated LFA-1-dependent cellular adhesion. Collectively, our results identify layilin as part of a molecular pathway in which exhausted or "dysfunctional" CD8+ T cells enhance cellular adhesiveness to maintain their cytotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Mahuron
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joshua M Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeff E Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Devi P Boda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mariela L Pauli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Victoire Gouirand
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Luv Panjabi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robby Grewal
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jacob M Luber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Anubhav N Mathur
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,T-REX Bio, Burlingame, CA
| | | | - Eric Shifrut
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael D Alvarado
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Meromit Singer
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jim Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Adil I Daud
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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8
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The Architecture of Talin1 Reveals an Autoinhibition Mechanism. Cell 2020; 179:120-131.e13. [PMID: 31539492 PMCID: PMC6856716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are protein machineries essential for cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Talin is an integrin-activating and tension-sensing FA component directly connecting integrins in the plasma membrane with the actomyosin cytoskeleton. To understand how talin function is regulated, we determined a cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of full-length talin1 revealing a two-way mode of autoinhibition. The actin-binding rod domains fold into a 15-nm globular arrangement that is interlocked by the integrin-binding FERM head. In turn, the rod domains R9 and R12 shield access of the FERM domain to integrin and the phospholipid PIP2 at the membrane. This mechanism likely ensures synchronous inhibition of integrin, membrane, and cytoskeleton binding. We also demonstrate that compacted talin1 reversibly unfolds to an ∼60-nm string-like conformation, revealing interaction sites for vinculin and actin. Our data explain how fast switching between active and inactive conformations of talin could regulate FA turnover, a process critical for cell adhesion and signaling. The structure of the autoinhibited human full-length talin1 was analyzed by cryo-EM Talin1 reversibly changes between a 15-nm closed and a ∼60-nm open conformation Rod R9/R12 and FERM domains synchronously shield membrane and cytoskeleton binding F-Actin and vinculin binding to talin is regulated by the opening of talin
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9
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Kadry YA, Calderwood DA. Chapter 22: Structural and signaling functions of integrins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183206. [PMID: 31991120 PMCID: PMC7063833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family of transmembrane adhesion receptors is essential for sensing and adhering to the extracellular environment. Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated α and β subunits that engage extracellular matrix proteins and couple to intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal complexes. Humans have 24 different integrin heterodimers with differing ligand binding specificities and non-redundant functions. Complex structural rearrangements control the ability of integrins to engage ligands and to activate diverse downstream signaling networks, modulating cell adhesion and dynamics, processes which are crucial for metazoan life and development. Here we review the structural and signaling functions of integrins focusing on recent advances which have enhanced our understanding of how integrins are activated and regulated, and the cytoplasmic signaling networks downstream of integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Kadry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America..
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10
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Layilin enhances the invasive ability of malignant glioma cells via SNAI1 signaling. Brain Res 2019; 1719:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Huang J, Li X, Shi X, Zhu M, Wang J, Huang S, Huang X, Wang H, Li L, Deng H, Zhou Y, Mao J, Long Z, Ma Z, Ye W, Pan J, Xi X, Jin J. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3: signal transduction, regulation, and its therapeutic targeting. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 30845955 PMCID: PMC6407232 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a family of transmembrane glycoprotein signaling receptors that can transmit bioinformation bidirectionally across the plasma membrane. Integrin αIIbβ3 is expressed at a high level in platelets and their progenitors, where it plays a central role in platelet functions, hemostasis, and arterial thrombosis. Integrin αIIbβ3 also participates in cancer progression, such as tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In resting platelets, integrin αIIbβ3 adopts an inactive conformation. Upon agonist stimulation, the transduction of inside-out signals leads integrin αIIbβ3 to switch from a low- to high-affinity state for fibrinogen and other ligands. Ligand binding causes integrin clustering and subsequently promotes outside-in signaling, which initiates and amplifies a range of cellular events to drive essential platelet functions such as spreading, aggregation, clot retraction, and thrombus consolidation. Regulation of the bidirectional signaling of integrin αIIbβ3 requires the involvement of numerous interacting proteins, which associate with the cytoplasmic tails of αIIbβ3 in particular. Integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways are considered promising targets for antithrombotic therapy. This review describes the bidirectional signal transduction of integrin αIIbβ3 in platelets, as well as the proteins responsible for its regulation and therapeutic agents that target integrin αIIbβ3 and its signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mark Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangbiao Long
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Gough RE, Goult BT. The tale of two talins - two isoforms to fine-tune integrin signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2108-2125. [PMID: 29723415 PMCID: PMC6032930 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Talins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins essential for integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Talins control the activation state of integrins, link integrins to cytoskeletal actin, recruit numerous signalling molecules that mediate integrin signalling and coordinate recruitment of microtubules to adhesion sites via interaction with KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing) proteins. Vertebrates have two talin genes, TLN1 and TLN2. Although talin1 and talin2 share 76% protein sequence identity (88% similarity), they are not functionally redundant, and the differences between the two isoforms are not fully understood. In this Review, we focus on the similarities and differences between the two talins in terms of structure, biochemistry and function, which hint at subtle differences in fine-tuning adhesion signalling.
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13
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Vadillo E, Dorantes-Acosta E, Pelayo R, Schnoor M. T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): New insights into the cellular origins and infiltration mechanisms common and unique among hematologic malignancies. Blood Rev 2017; 32:36-51. [PMID: 28830639 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for 15% and 25% of total childhood and adult ALL cases, respectively. During T-ALL, patients are at risk of organ infiltration by leukemic T-cells. Infiltration is a major consequence of disease relapse and correlates with poor prognosis. Transendothelial migration of leukemic cells is required to exit the blood stream into target organs. While mechanisms of normal T-cell transmigration are well known, the mechanisms of leukemic T-cell extravasation remain elusive; but involvement of chemokines, integrins and Notch signaling play critical roles. Here, we summarize current knowledge about molecular mechanisms of leukemic T-cell infiltration with special emphasis on the newly identified subtype early T-cell-progenitor (ETP)-ALL. Furthermore, we compare the extravasation potential of T-ALL cells with that of other hematologic malignancies such as B-ALL and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vadillo
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Elisa Dorantes-Acosta
- Leukemia Clinic, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Shi X, Yang J, Cui X, Huang J, Long Z, Zhou Y, Liu P, Tao L, Ruan Z, Xiao B, Zhang W, Li D, Dai K, Mao J, Xi X. Functional Effect of the Mutations Similar to the Cleavage during Platelet Activation at Integrin β3 Cytoplasmic Tail when Expressed in Mouse Platelets. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166136. [PMID: 27851790 PMCID: PMC5112943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that truncational mutations of β3 at sites of F754 and Y759 mimicking calpain cleavage regulate integrin signaling. The roles of the sequence from F754 to C-terminus and the conservative N756ITY759 motif in platelet function have yet to be elaborated. Mice expressing β3 with F754 and Y759 truncations, or NITY deletion (β3-ΔTNITYRGT, β3-ΔRGT, or β3-ΔNITY) were established through transplanting the homozygous β3-deficient mouse bone marrow cells infected by the GFP tagged MSCV MigR1 retroviral vector encoding different β3 mutants into lethally radiated wild-type mice. The platelets were harvested for soluble fibrinogen binding and platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. Platelet adhesion on fibrinogen- and collagen-coated surface under flow was also tested to assess the ability of the platelets to resist hydrodynamic drag forces. Data showed a drastic inhibition of the β3-ΔTNITYRGT platelets to bind soluble fibrinogen and spread on immobilized fibrinogen in contrast to a partially impaired fibrinogen binding and an almost unaffected spreading exhibited in the β3-ΔNITY platelets. Behaviors of the β3-ΔRGT platelets were consistent with the previous observations in the β3-ΔRGT knock-in platelets. The adhesion impairment of platelets with the β3 mutants under flow was in different orders of magnitude shown as: β3-ΔTNITYRGT>β3-ΔRGT>β3-ΔNITY to fibrinogen-coated surface, and β3-ΔTNITYRGT>β3-ΔNITY>β3-ΔRGT to collagen-coated surface. To evaluate the interaction of the β3 mutants with signaling molecules, GST pull-down and immunofluorescent assays were performed. Results showed that β3-ΔRGT interacted with kindlin but not c-Src, β3-ΔNITY interacted with c-Src but not kindlin, while β3-ΔTNITYRGT did not interact with both proteins. This study provided evidence in platelets at both static and flow conditions that the calpain cleavage-related sequences of integrin β3, i.e. T755NITYRGT762, R760GT762, and N756ITY759 participate in bidirectional, outside-in, and inside-out signaling, respectively and the association of c-Src or kindlin with β3 integrin may regulate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiongying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangbiao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yulan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lanlan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dongya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- * E-mail: (JM); (XX)
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- * E-mail: (JM); (XX)
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15
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Adachi T, Arito M, Suematsu N, Kamijo-Ikemori A, Omoteyama K, Sato T, Kurokawa MS, Okamoto K, Kimura K, Shibagaki Y, Kato T. Roles of layilin in TNF-α-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of renal tubular epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:63-9. [PMID: 26410531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is suggested to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells that possibly exacerbates renal interstitial fibrosis in glomerulonephritis (GN). We here investigated whether layilin (LAYN), a c-type lectin-homologous protein, was involved in the EMT process. METHODS Expression of LAYN was investigated in kidneys of mice administered with TNF-α and in a clear cell renal carcinoma cell line of KMRC-1 stimulated with TNF-α by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and/or western blotting. Expression of LAYN was assessed immunohistochemically in renal biopsy samples of patients with various types of GN. Changes of EMT markers and cell morphology by TNF-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in LAYN-knocked down KMRC-1 cells were investigated by qPCR and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Administration of TNF-α increased expression of LAYN in renal tubular epithelia in mice. TNF-α but not TGF-β increased expression of LAYN in KMRC-1 cells. Renal biopsy samples from the patients with GN showed high expression of LAYN in tubular epithelial cells. TNF-α induced up-regulation of vimentin, down-regulation of E-cadherin, and fibroblast-like morphological change in KMRC-1 cells, indicating occurrence of EMT. These changes were not observed in the LAYN-knocked down cells. In contrast, similarly occurred TGF-β-induced EMT was not affected by the LAYN knockdown. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that LAYN is involved in the TNF-α-induced EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells. LAYN may play roles in the generation of renal interstitial fibrosis in GN via TNF-α-induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Adachi
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsumi Arito
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Suematsu
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Omoteyama
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sato
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manae S Kurokawa
- Disease Biomarker Analysis and Molecular Regulation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Takanawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kato
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Integrated analyses of zebrafish miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identify miR-29b and miR-223 as potential regulators of optic nerve regeneration. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:591. [PMID: 26265132 PMCID: PMC4534052 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike mammals, zebrafish have the ability to regenerate damaged parts of their central nervous system (CNS) and regain functionality of the affected area. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish regeneration may therefore provide insight into how CNS repair might be induced in mammals. Although many studies have described differences in gene expression in zebrafish during CNS regeneration, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning the differential expression of these genes have not been examined. Results We used microarrays to analyse and integrate the mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of zebrafish retina after optic nerve crush to identify potential regulatory mechanisms that underpin central nerve regeneration. Bioinformatic analysis identified 3 miRNAs and 657 mRNAs that were differentially expressed after injury. We then combined inverse correlations between our miRNA expression and mRNA expression, and integrated these findings with target predictions from TargetScan Fish to identify putative miRNA-gene target pairs. We focused on two over-expressed miRNAs (miR-29b and miR-223), and functionally validated seven of their predicted gene targets using RT-qPCR and luciferase assays to confirm miRNA-mRNA binding. Gene ontology analysis placed the miRNA-regulated genes (eva1a, layna, nefmb, ina, si:ch211-51a6.2, smoc1, sb:cb252) in key biological processes that included cell survival/apoptosis, ECM-cytoskeleton signaling, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding, Conclusion Our results suggest a key role for miR-29b and miR-223 in zebrafish regeneration. The identification of miRNA regulation in a zebrafish injury model provides a framework for future studies in which to investigate not only the cellular processes required for CNS regeneration, but also how these mechanisms might be regulated to promote successful repair and return of function in the injured mammalian brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1772-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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17
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Secretion of inflammatory factors from chondrocytes by layilin signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:85-90. [PMID: 25150153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Layilin (LAYN) is thought to be involved in reorganization of cytoskeleton structures, interacting with merlin, radixin, and talin. Also, LAYN is known to be one of the receptors for hyaluronic acid (HA). In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) have been known to play pathological roles. HA with low molecular weight is speculated to exacerbate inflammation in RA. In this context, differences of quantity and functions of HA receptors would affect the severity of inflammation in RA. Chondrocytes, which play critical roles in maintaining articular cartilage and are affected in RA, express at least kinds of HA receptors like CD44 and LAYN. However, roles and regulation of LAYN in articular chondrocytes have been poorly understood. To clarify regulation of LAYN in chondrocytes, we here investigated whether TNF-α affected expression levels of LAYN in human articular chondrocytes. Next, to clarify LAYN-specific roles in chondrocytes, we investigated whether binding of antibodies to the extracellular domain of LAYN affected secretion of inflammatory cytokines using a chondrosarcoma cell line. As a result, we found that TNF-α up-regulated expression levels of LAYN in the chondrocytes. Further, the LAYN signaling was found to enhance secretion of inflammatory factors, IL-8 and complement5 (C5)/C5a, from the cells. Our results indicate that LAYN would be involved in the enhancement of inflammation and degradation of cartilage in joint diseases such as RA and OA.
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18
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Yu H, Zhou P, Deng M, Shang Z. Indirect Readout in Protein-Peptide Recognition: A Different Story from Classical Biomolecular Recognition. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2022-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ci5000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhou
- Center
of Bioinformatics (COBI), School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
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Pinon P, Pärssinen J, Vazquez P, Bachmann M, Rahikainen R, Jacquier MC, Azizi L, Määttä JA, Bastmeyer M, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. Talin-bound NPLY motif recruits integrin-signaling adapters to regulate cell spreading and mechanosensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:265-81. [PMID: 24778313 PMCID: PMC4003243 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201308136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
β3 integrin residue Y747 is required for cell spreading and paxillin adapter recruitment to substrate-bound integrins in response to substrate stiffness. Integrin-dependent cell adhesion and spreading are critical for morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and immune defense but also tumor growth. However, the mechanisms that induce integrin-mediated cell spreading and provide mechanosensing on different extracellular matrix conditions are not fully understood. By expressing β3-GFP-integrins with enhanced talin-binding affinity, we experimentally uncoupled integrin activation, clustering, and substrate binding from its function in cell spreading. Mutational analysis revealed Tyr747, located in the first cytoplasmic NPLY747 motif, to induce spreading and paxillin adapter recruitment to substrate- and talin-bound integrins. In addition, integrin-mediated spreading, but not focal adhesion localization, was affected by mutating adjacent sequence motifs known to be involved in kindlin binding. On soft, spreading-repellent fibronectin substrates, high-affinity talin-binding integrins formed adhesions, but normal spreading was only possible with integrins competent to recruit the signaling adapter protein paxillin. This proposes that integrin-dependent cell–matrix adhesion and cell spreading are independently controlled, offering new therapeutic strategies to modify cell behavior in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Pinon
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Li Y, Wei Z, Zhang J, Yang Z, Zhang M. Structural basis of the binding of Merlin FERM domain to the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor DCAF1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14674-81. [PMID: 24706749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.551184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene Nf2 product, Merlin, plays vital roles in controlling proper development of organ sizes by specifically binding to a large number of target proteins localized both in cytoplasm and nuclei. The FERM domain of Merlin is chiefly responsible for its binding to target proteins, although the molecular basis governing these interactions are poorly understood due to lack of structural information. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Merlin FERM domain in complex with its binding domain derived from the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor DCAF1 (also known as VPRBP). Unlike target binding modes found in ERM proteins, the Merlin-FERM binding domain of DCAF1 folds as a β-hairpin and binds to the α1/β5-groove of the F3 lobe of Merlin-FERM via extensive hydrophobic interactions. In addition to providing the first structural glimpse of a Merlin-FERM·target complex, the structure of the Merlin·DCAF1 complex is likely to be valuable for understanding the interactions of Merlin with its binding partners other than DCAF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Li
- From the Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- From the Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, the Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and the Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- From the Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- From the Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- From the Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, the Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China, and
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21
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Murata M, Yudoh K, Shimizu H, Beppu M, Nakamura H, Kato T, Masuko K. Layilin, a talin-binding hyaluronan receptor, is expressed in human articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes and is down-regulated by interleukin-1β. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-012-0686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Han KQ, Wu G, Lv F. Development of QSAR-Improved Statistical Potential for the Structure-Based Analysis of ProteinPeptide Binding Affinities. Mol Inform 2013; 32:783-92. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Calderwood DA, Campbell ID, Critchley DR. Talins and kindlins: partners in integrin-mediated adhesion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:503-17. [PMID: 23860236 PMCID: PMC4116690 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptors provide a dynamic, tightly-regulated link between the extracellular matrix (or cellular counter-receptors) and intracellular cytoskeletal and signalling networks, enabling cells to sense and respond to their chemical and physical environment. Talins and kindlins, two families of FERM-domain proteins, bind the cytoplasmic tail of integrins, recruit cytoskeletal and signalling proteins involved in mechanotransduction and synergize to activate integrin binding to extracellular ligands. New data reveal the domain structure of full-length talin, provide insights into talin-mediated integrin activation and show that RIAM recruits talin to the plasma membrane, whereas vinculin stabilizes talin in cell-matrix junctions. How kindlins act is less well-defined, but disease-causing mutations show that kindlins are also essential for integrin activation, adhesion, cell spreading and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iain D Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, S. Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH
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Alon R, Feigelson SW. Chemokine-triggered leukocyte arrest: force-regulated bi-directional integrin activation in quantal adhesive contacts. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:670-6. [PMID: 22770729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The arrest of rolling leukocytes on target vascular beds is mediated by specialized leukocyte integrins and their endothelial ligands. In the circulation, these integrins are generally maintained as inactive 'clasped' heterodimers. Encounter by leukocytes of specialized endothelial-presented chemoattractants termed arrest chemokines drive these integrins to undergo force-regulated biochemical conformational changes in response to signals from chemokine-stimulated Gi-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and actin remodeling Rho GTPases. To arrest rolling leukocytes, integrin:ligand bonds must undergo stabilization by several orders of magnitude within quantal submicron contacts that consist of discrete integrin:ligand bonds. We present a unifying three step model for rapid integrin activation by chemokines in the quantal arrest unit, the smallest firm adhesive contact formed by a rolling or a captured leukocyte: integrin extension triggered by talin, integrin headpiece opening driven by surface-immobilized ligand and stabilized by low force, and full heterodimer unclasping requiring integrin tail associations with actin-connected talin and Kindlin-3. Specialized GPCRs and their Gi-protein signaling assemblies drive these and other adaptors to specifically bind integrin cytoplasmic tails possibly in conjunction with de novo actin remodeling, thereby optimizing bi-directional activation of ligand-occupied integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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25
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Murata M, Yudoh K, Shimizu H, Beppu M, Nakamura H, Kato T, Masuko K. Layilin, a talin-binding hyaluronan receptor, is expressed in human articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes and is down-regulated by interleukin-1β. Mod Rheumatol 2012; 23:478-88. [PMID: 22722918 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Layilin (LAYN), a 55-kDa transmembrane protein with homology to C-type lectins, has been identified as a receptor of hyaluronan (HA). Interestingly, LAYN does not share any sequence homology with CD44, a primary HA receptor. The primary aim of our study was to examine the expression and potential function of LAYN in human articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes. METHODS Samples were obtained from patients undergoing joint arthroplasty. Cells were grown in vitro, then stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) for 24 h and the expression of LAYN was analyzed. To assess the function of LAYN, we transfected chondrocytes with siRNA against LAYN, treated them with HA and IL-1β, and then analyzed the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13 in the treated chrondrocytes. RESULTS The results showed that LAYN was constitutively expressed in human articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes and that IL-1β significantly suppressed the expression of LAYN in these cells. HA repressed IL-1β-induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 production in chondrocytes, but this was significantly abrogated in chondrocytes transfected with siRNA against LAYN. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that human chondrocytes express LAYN, a novel HA receptor, and that LAYN may contribute to the regulation of HA functions in the arthritic condition. Further investigation of the HA receptor may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to regulate HA signaling in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Murata
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
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FERM-dependent E3 ligase recognition is a conserved mechanism for targeted degradation of lipoprotein receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20107-12. [PMID: 22109552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1111589108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL (inducible degrader of the LDL receptor) regulates LDL receptor (LDLR)-dependent cholesterol uptake, but its mechanism of action, including the molecular basis for its stringent specificity, is poorly understood. Here we show that IDOL uses a singular strategy among E3 ligases for target recognition. The IDOL FERM domain binds directly to a recognition sequence in the cytoplasmic tails of lipoprotein receptors. This physical interaction is independent of IDOL's really interesting new gene (RING) domain E3 ligase activity and its capacity for autoubiquitination. Furthermore, IDOL controls its own stability through autoubiquitination of a unique FERM subdomain fold not present in other FERM proteins. Key residues defining the IDOL-LDLR interaction and IDOL autoubiquitination are functionally conserved in their insect homologs. Finally, we demonstrate that target recognition by IDOL involves a tripartite interaction between the FERM domain, membrane phospholipids, and the lipoprotein receptor tail. Our data identify the IDOL-LDLR interaction as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for the regulation of lipid uptake and suggest that this interaction could potentially be exploited for the pharmacologic modulation of lipid metabolism.
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27
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Chemokine triggered integrin activation and actin remodeling events guiding lymphocyte migration across vascular barriers. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:632-41. [PMID: 21376176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine signals activate leukocyte integrins and actin remodeling machineries critical for leukocyte adhesion and motility across vascular barriers. The arrest of leukocytes at target blood vessel sites depends on rapid conformational activation of their α4 and β2 integrins by the binding of endothelial-displayed chemokines to leukocyte Gi-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). A universal regulator of this event is the integrin-actin adaptor, talin1. Chemokine-stimulated GPCRs can transmit within fractions of seconds signals via multiple Rho GTPases, which locally raise plasma membrane levels of the talin activating phosphatidyl inositol, PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). Additional pools of GPCR stimulated Rac-1 and Rap-1 GTPases together with GPCR stimulated PLC and PI3K family members regulate the turnover of focal contacts of leukocyte integrins, induce the collapse of leukocyte microvilli, and promote polarized leukocyte crawling in search of exit cues. Concomitantly, other leukocyte GTPases trigger invasive protrusions into and between endothelial cells in search of basolateral chemokine exit cues. We will review here major findings and open questions related to these sequential guiding activities of endothelial presented chemokines, focusing mainly on lymphocyte-endothelial interactions as a paradigm for other leukocytes.
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Pines M, Fairchild MJ, Tanentzapf G. Distinct regulatory mechanisms control integrin adhesive processes during tissue morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:36-51. [PMID: 21089076 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion must be precisely regulated to enable both dynamic morphogenetic processes and the subsequent transition to stable tissue maintenance. Integrins link the intracellular cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, relaying bidirectional signals across the plasma membrane. In vitro studies have demonstrated that multiple mechanisms control integrin-mediated adhesion; however, their roles during development are poorly understood. We used mutations that activate or deactivate specific functions of vertebrate β-integrins in vitro to investigate how perturbing Drosophila βPS-integrin regulation in developing embryos regulation affects tissue morphogenesis and maintenance. We found that morphogenetic processes use various β-integrin regulatory mechanisms to differing degrees and that conformational changes associated with outside-in activation are essential for developmental integrin functions. Long-term adhesion is also sensitive to integrin dysregulation, suggesting integrins must be continuously regulated to support stable tissue maintenance. Altogether, in vivo phenotypic analyses allowed us to identify the importance of various β-integrin regulatory mechanisms during different morphogenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Pines
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Cargo recognition mechanism of myosin X revealed by the structure of its tail MyTH4-FERM tandem in complex with the DCC P3 domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:3572-7. [PMID: 21321230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016567108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin X (MyoX), encoded by Myo10, is a representative member of the MyTH4-FERM domain-containing myosins, and this family of unconventional myosins shares common functions in promoting formation of filopodia/stereocilia structures in many cell types with unknown mechanisms. Here, we present the structure of the MyoX MyTH4-FERM tandem in complex with the cytoplasmic tail P3 domain of the netrin receptor DCC. The structure, together with biochemical studies, reveals that the MyoX MyTH4 and FERM domains interact with each other, forming a structural and functional supramodule. Instead of forming an extended β-strand structure in other FERM binding targets, DCC_P3 forms a single α-helix and binds to the αβ-groove formed by β5 and α1 of the MyoX FERM F3 lobe. Structure-based amino acid sequence analysis reveals that the key polar residues forming the inter-MyTH4/FERM interface are absolutely conserved in all MyTH4-FERM tandem-containing proteins, suggesting that the supramodular nature of the MyTH4-FERM tandem is likely a general property for all MyTH4-FERM proteins.
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30
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Anthis NJ, Campbell ID. The tail of integrin activation. Trends Biochem Sci 2011; 36:191-8. [PMID: 21216149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are essential adhesion receptors found on the surfaces of all metazoan cells. As regulators of cell migration and extracellular matrix assembly, these membrane-spanning heterodimers are critical for embryonic development, tissue repair and immune responses. Signals transmitted by integrins from outside to inside the cell promote cell survival and proliferation, but integrin affinity for extracellular ligands can also be controlled by intracellular cues. This bidirectional signaling is mediated by the short cytoplasmic tails of the two integrin subunits. Recent structural and functional studies of various integrin fragments and complexes between the cytoplasmic tails and intracellular proteins, such as talin, have provided new insight into the signaling processes centered around the tails, particularly inside-out integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Anthis
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA
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31
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Anthis NJ, Wegener KL, Critchley DR, Campbell ID. Structural diversity in integrin/talin interactions. Structure 2010; 18:1654-66. [PMID: 21134644 PMCID: PMC3157975 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of integrins to the extracellular matrix is regulated by binding of the cytoskeletal protein talin to the cytoplasmic tail of the β-integrin subunit. Structural studies of this interaction have hitherto largely focused on the β3-integrin, one member of the large and diverse integrin family. Here, we employ NMR to probe interactions and dynamics, revealing marked structural diversity in the contacts between β1A, β1D, and β3 tails and the Talin1 and Talin2 isoforms. Coupled with analysis of recent structures of talin/β tail complexes, these studies elucidate the thermodynamic determinants of this heterogeneity and explain why the Talin2/β1D isoforms, which are co-localized in striated muscle, form an unusually tight interaction. We also show that talin/integrin affinity can be enhanced 1000-fold by deleting two residues in the β tail. Together, these studies illustrate how the integrin/talin interaction has been fine-tuned to meet varying biological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Anthis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3DR, UK
| | - Kate L. Wegener
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3DR, UK
| | - David R. Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Iain D. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3DR, UK
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32
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Skandalis SS, Kozlova I, Engström U, Hellman U, Heldin P. Proteomic identification of CD44 interacting proteins. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:833-40. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Goult BT, Gingras AR, Bate N, Barsukov IL, Critchley DR, Roberts GC. The domain structure of talin: residues 1815-1973 form a five-helix bundle containing a cryptic vinculin-binding site. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2237-41. [PMID: 20399778 PMCID: PMC2887493 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Talin is a large flexible rod-shaped protein that activates the integrin family of cell adhesion molecules and couples them to cytoskeletal actin. Its rod region consists of a series of helical bundles. Here we show that residues 1815-1973 form a 5-helix bundle, with a topology unique to talin which is optimally suited for formation of a long rod such as talin. This is much more stable than the 4-helix (1843-1973) domain described earlier and as a result its vinculin binding sequence is inaccessible to vinculin at room temperature, with implications for the overall mechanism of the talin-vinculin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Alexandre R. Gingras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Neil Bate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Igor L. Barsukov
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David R. Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gordon C.K. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
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Alon R. Chemokine arrest signals to leukocyte integrins trigger bi-directional-occupancy of individual heterodimers by extracellular and cytoplasmic ligands. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:211-4. [PMID: 20372052 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.2.11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin heterodimers acquire high affinity to endothelial ligands by extensive conformational changes in both their alpha and beta subunits. These heterodimers are maintained in an inactive state by inter-subunit constraints. Changes in the cytoplasmic interface of the integrin heterodimer (referred to as inside-out integrin activation) can only partially remove these constraints. Full integrin activation is achieved when both inter-subunit constraints and proper rearrangements of the integrin headpiece by its extracellular ligand (outside-in activation) are temporally coupled. A universal regulator of these integrin rearrangements is talin1, a key integrin-actin adaptor that regulates integrin conformation and anchors ligand-occupied integrins to the cortical cytoskeleton. The arrest of rolling leukocytes at target vascular sites depends on rapid activation of their alpha4 and beta2 integrins at endothelial contacts by chemokines displayed on the endothelial surface. These chemotactic cytokines can signal within milliseconds through specialized Gi-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and Gi-triggered GTPases on the responding leukocytes. Some chemokine signals can alter integrin conformation by releasing constraints on integrin extension, while other chemokines activate integrins to undergo conformational activation mainly after ligand binding. Both of these modalities involve talin1 activation. In this opinion article, I propose that distinct chemokine signals induce variable strengths of associations between talin1 and different target integrins. Weak interactions of the integrin cytoplasmic tail with talin1 (the cytoplasmic integrin ligand) dissociate unless the extracellular ligand can simultaneously occupy the integrin headpiece and transmit, within milliseconds, proper allosteric changes across the integrin heterodimer back to the tail-talin1 complex. The fate of this bi-directional occupancy of integrins by both their extracellular and intracellular ligands is likely to benefit from immobilization of both ligands to cortical cytoskeletal elements. To properly anchor talin1 onto the integrin tail, a second integrin partner, Kindlin-3 may be also required, although an evidence that both partners can simultaneously bind the same integrin heterodimer is still missing. Once linked to the cortical actin cytoskeleton, the multi-occupied integrin complex can load weak forces, which deliver additional allosteric changes to the integrin headpiece resulting in further bond strengthening. Surface immobilized chemokines are superior to their soluble counterparts in driving this bi-directional occupancy process, presumably due to their ability to facilitate local co-occupancy of individual integrin heterodimers with talin1, Kindlin-3 and surface-bound extracellular ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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35
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Survey of the year 2008: applications of isothermal titration calorimetry. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:395-413. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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36
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Critchley DR. Biochemical and structural properties of the integrin-associated cytoskeletal protein talin. Annu Rev Biophys 2009; 38:235-54. [PMID: 19416068 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.050708.133744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix is fundamental to a wide variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, cell migration, embryogenesis, and organization of cells into tissues, and defects in cell-matrix interactions are an important element in many diseases. Cell-matrix interactions are frequently mediated by the integrin family of cell adhesion molecules, transmembrane alphabeta-heterodimers that are typically linked to the actin cytoskeleton by one of a number of adaptor proteins including talin, alpha-actinin, filamin, tensin, integrin-linked kinase, melusin, and skelemin. The focus of this review is talin, which appears unique among these proteins in that it also induces a conformational change in integrins that is propagated across the membrane, and increases the affinity of the extracellular domain for ligand. Particular emphasis is given to recent progress on the structure of talin, its interaction with binding partners, and its mode of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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37
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Roberts GCK, Critchley DR. Structural and biophysical properties of the integrin-associated cytoskeletal protein talin. Biophys Rev 2009; 1:61-69. [PMID: 19655048 PMCID: PMC2720171 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-009-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin is a large cytoskeletal protein (2541 amino acid residues) which plays a key role in integrin-mediated events that are crucial for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and survival. This review summarises recent work on the structure of talin and on some of the structurally better defined interactions with other proteins. The N-terminal talin head (approx. 50 kDa) consists of an atypical FERM domain linked to a long flexible rod (approx. 220 kDa) made up of a series of amphipathic helical bundle domains. The F3 FERM subdomain in the head binds the cytoplasmic tail of integrins, but this interaction can be inhibited by an interaction of F3 with a helical bundle in the talin rod, the so-called “autoinhibited form” of the molecule. The talin rod contains a second integrin-binding site, at least two actin-binding sites and a large number of binding sites for vinculin, which is important in reinforcing the initial integrin–actin link mediated by talin. The vinculin binding sites are defined by hydrophobic residues buried within helical bundles, and these must unfold to allow vinculin binding. Recent experiments suggest that this unfolding may be mediated by mechanical force exerted on the talin molecule by actomyosin contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C K Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, PO Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN UK
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Moser M, Legate KR, Zent R, Fässler R. The tail of integrins, talin, and kindlins. Science 2009; 324:895-9. [PMID: 19443776 DOI: 10.1126/science.1163865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane cell-adhesion molecules that carry signals from the outside to the inside of the cell and vice versa. Like other cell surface receptors, integrins signal in response to ligand binding; however, events within the cell can also regulate the affinity of integrins for ligands. This feature is important in physiological situations such as those in blood, in which cells are always in close proximity to their ligands, yet cell-ligand interactions occur only after integrin activation in response to specific external cues. This review focuses on the mechanisms whereby two key proteins, talin and the kindlins, regulate integrin activation by binding the tails of integrin-beta subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Moser
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Huang C, Rajfur Z, Yousefi N, Chen Z, Jacobson K, Ginsberg MH. Talin phosphorylation by Cdk5 regulates Smurf1-mediated talin head ubiquitylation and cell migration. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 11:624-30. [PMID: 19363486 PMCID: PMC2714540 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a dynamic process that requires temporal and spatial regulation of integrin activation and focal adhesion assembly/disassembly. Talin, an actin and beta-integrin tail-binding protein, is essential for integrin activation and focal adhesion formation. Calpain-mediated cleavage of talin has a key role in focal adhesion turnover; however, the talin head domain, one of the two cleavage products, stimulates integrin activation, localizes to focal adhesions and maintains cell edge protrusions, suggesting that other steps, downstream of talin proteolysis, are required for focal adhesion disassembly. Here we show that talin head binds Smurf1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in cell polarity and migration, more tightly than full-length talin does and that this interaction leads to talin head ubiquitylation and degradation. We found that talin head is a substrate for Cdk5, a cyclin-dependent protein kinase that is essential for cell migration, synaptic transmission and cancer metastasis. Cdk5 phosphorylated talin head at Ser 425, inhibiting its binding to Smurf1, thus preventing talin head ubiquitylation and degradation. Expression of the mutant tal(S425A), which resists Cdk5 phosphorylation thereby increasing its susceptibility to Smurf1-mediated ubiqitylation, resulted in extensive focal adhesion turnover and inhibited cell migration. Thus, talin head produced by calpain-induced cleavage of talin is degraded through Smurf1-mediated ubiquitylation; moreover, phosphorylation by Cdk5 regulates the binding of Smurf1 to talin head, controlling talin head turnover, adhesion stability and ultimately, cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nima Yousefi
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ken Jacobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark H. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Gingras AR, Ziegler WH, Bobkov AA, Joyce MG, Fasci D, Himmel M, Rothemund S, Ritter A, Grossmann JG, Patel B, Bate N, Goult BT, Emsley J, Barsukov IL, Roberts GCK, Liddington RC, Ginsberg MH, Critchley DR. Structural determinants of integrin binding to the talin rod. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:8866-76. [PMID: 19176533 PMCID: PMC2659244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805937200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein talin serves both to activate the integrin family of cell adhesion molecules and to couple integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Integrin activation has been shown to involve binding of the talin FERM domain to membrane proximal sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta-subunit. However, a second integrin-binding site (IBS2) has been identified near the C-terminal end of the talin rod. Here we report the crystal structure of IBS2 (residues 1974-2293), which comprises two five-helix bundles, "IBS2-A" (1974-2139) and "IBS2-B" (2140-2293), connected by a continuous helix with a distinct kink at its center that is stabilized by side-chain H-bonding. Solution studies using small angle x-ray scattering and NMR point to a fairly flexible quaternary organization. Using pull-down and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we demonstrate that integrin binding requires both IBS2 domains, as does binding to acidic phospholipids and robust targeting to focal adhesions. We have defined the membrane proximal region of the integrin cytoplasmic domain as the major binding region, although more membrane distal regions are also required for strong binding. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis points to an important electrostatic component to binding. Thermal unfolding experiments show that integrin binding induces conformational changes in the IBS2 module, which we speculate are linked to vinculin and membrane binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Gingras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
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Legate KR, Fässler R. Mechanisms that regulate adaptor binding to beta-integrin cytoplasmic tails. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:187-98. [PMID: 19118211 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells recognize and respond to their extracellular environment through transmembrane receptors such as integrins, which physically connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Integrins provide the basis for the assembly of intracellular signaling platforms that link to the cytoskeleton and influence nearly every aspect of cell physiology; however, integrins possess no enzymatic or actin-binding activity of their own and thus rely on adaptor molecules, which bind to the short cytoplasmic tails of integrins, to mediate and regulate these functions. Many adaptors compete for relatively few binding sites on integrin tails, so regulatory mechanisms have evolved to reversibly control the spatial and temporal binding of specific adaptors. This Commentary discusses the adaptor proteins that bind directly to the tails of beta integrins and, using talin, tensin, filamin, 14-3-3 and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as examples, describes the ways in which their binding is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Legate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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42
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Alon R. Chapter 6 Membrane–Cytoskeletal Platforms for Rapid Chemokine Signaling to Integrins. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5823(09)64006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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