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Yin JY, Lu XT, Hou ML, Cao T, Tian Z. Sirtuin1-p53: a potential axis for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115543. [PMID: 37037265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is a conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase that plays key roles in a range of cellular events, including the maintenance of genome stability, gene regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. P53 is one of the most studied tumor suppressors and the first identified non-histone target of SIRT1. SIRT1 deacetylates p53 in a NAD+-dependent manner and inhibits its transcriptional activity, thus exerting action on a series of pathways related to tissue homeostasis and various pathological states. The SIRT1-p53 axis is thought to play a central role in tumorigenesis. Although SIRT1 was initially identified as a tumor promoter, evidence now indicates that SIRT1 may also act as a tumor suppressor. This seemingly contradictory evidence indicates that the functionality of SIRT1 may be dictated by different cell types and intracellular localization patterns. In this review, we summarize recent evidence relating to the interactions between SIRT1 and p53 and discuss the relative roles of these two molecules with regards to cancer-associated cellular events. We also provide an overview of current knowledge of SIRT1-p53 signaling in tumorigenesis. Given the vital role of the SIRT1-p53 pathway, targeting this axis may provide promising strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Tong Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-Ling Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Yao S, Li L, Guan X, He Y, Jouaux A, Xu F, Guo X, Zhang G, Zhang L. Pooled resequencing of larvae and adults reveals genomic variations associated with Ostreid herpesvirus 1 resistance in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:928628. [PMID: 36059443 PMCID: PMC9437489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.928628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is a lethal pathogen of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), an important aquaculture species. To understand the genetic architecture of the defense against the pathogen, we studied genomic variations associated with herpesvirus-caused mortalities by pooled whole-genome resequencing of before and after-mortality larval samples as well as dead and surviving adults from a viral challenge. Analysis of the resequencing data identified 5,271 SNPs and 1,883 genomic regions covering 3,111 genes in larvae, and 18,692 SNPs and 28,314 regions covering 4,863 genes in adults that were significantly associated with herpesvirus-caused mortalities. Only 1,653 of the implicated genes were shared by larvae and adults, suggesting that the antiviral response or resistance in larvae and adults involves different sets of genes or differentiated members of expanded gene families. Combined analyses with previous transcriptomic data from challenge experiments revealed that transcription of many mortality-associated genes was also significantly upregulated by herpesvirus infection confirming their importance in antiviral response. Key immune response genes especially those encoding antiviral receptors such as TLRs and RLRs displayed strong association between variation in regulatory region and herpesvirus-caused mortality, suggesting they may confer resistance through transcriptional modulation. These results point to previously undescribed genetic mechanisms for disease resistance at different developmental stages and provide candidate polymorphisms and genes that are valuable for understanding antiviral immune responses and breeding for herpesvirus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Guan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Aude Jouaux
- UMR BOREA, “Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques”, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, CNRS-7208, IRD, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, Caen, France
| | - Fei Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ximing Guo
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Ximing Guo, ; Guofan Zhang, ; Linlin Zhang,
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ximing Guo, ; Guofan Zhang, ; Linlin Zhang,
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Marine Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ximing Guo, ; Guofan Zhang, ; Linlin Zhang,
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Babu S, Takeuchi Y, Masai I. Banp regulates DNA damage response and chromosome segregation during the cell cycle in zebrafish retina. eLife 2022; 11:74611. [PMID: 35942692 PMCID: PMC9363121 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Btg3-associated nuclear protein (Banp) was originally identified as a nuclear matrix-associated region (MAR)-binding protein and it functions as a tumor suppressor. At the molecular level, Banp regulates transcription of metabolic genes via a CGCG-containing motif called the Banp motif. However, its physiological roles in embryonic development are unknown. Here, we report that Banp is indispensable for the DNA damage response and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Zebrafish banp mutants show mitotic cell accumulation and apoptosis in developing retina. We found that DNA replication stress and tp53-dependent DNA damage responses were activated to induce apoptosis in banp mutants, suggesting that Banp is required for regulation of DNA replication and DNA damage repair. Furthermore, consistent with mitotic cell accumulation, chromosome segregation was not smoothly processed from prometaphase to anaphase in banp morphants, leading to a prolonged M-phase. Our RNA- and ATAC-sequencing identified 31 candidates for direct Banp target genes that carry the Banp motif. Interestingly, a DNA replication fork regulator, wrnip1, and two chromosome segregation regulators, cenpt and ncapg, are included in this list. Thus, Banp directly regulates transcription of wrnip1 for recovery from DNA replication stress, and cenpt and ncapg for chromosome segregation during mitosis. Our findings provide the first in vivo evidence that Banp is required for cell-cycle progression and cell survival by regulating DNA damage responses and chromosome segregation during mitosis. In order for a cell to divide, it must progress through a series of carefully controlled steps known as the cell cycle. First, the cell replicates its DNA and both copies get segregated to opposite ends. The cell then splits into two and each new cell receives a copy of the duplicated genetic material. If any of the stages in the cell cycle become disrupted or mis-regulated this can lead to uncontrolled divisions that may result in cancer. Researchers have often used a structure within the eye known as the retina to study the cell cycle in zebrafish and other animals as cells in the retina rapidly divide in a highly controlled manner. A protein called Banp is known to help stop tumors from growing in humans and mice, but its normal role in the body, particularly the cell cycle, has remained unclear. To investigate, Babu et al. studied the retina of mutant zebrafish that were unable to make the Banp protein. The experiments revealed that two stress responses indicating DNA damage or defects in copying DNA were active in the retinal cells of the mutant zebrafish. This suggested that Banp allows cell to progress through the cell cycle by repairing any DNA damage that may arise during replication. Banp does this by activating the gene for another protein called Wrnip1. Babu et al. also found that Banp helps segregate the two copies of DNA during cell division by promoting the activation of two other proteins called Cenpt and Ncapg. Further experiments identified 31 genes that were directly regulated by Banp. These findings demonstrate that Banp is required for zebrafish cells to be able to accurately copy their DNA and divide in to two new cells. In the future, the work of Babu et al. will provide a useful resource to investigate how tumors grow and spread around the body, and may contribute to the development of new treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Babu
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Ichiro Masai
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
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Chidamide augment sorafenib-derived anti-tumor activities in human osteosarcoma cells lines and xenograft mouse model. Med Oncol 2022; 39:87. [PMID: 35478053 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have showed promising but short-lived activity of sorafenib in osteosarcoma treatments. Researches have suggested ameliorated sensitivity to standard dose of conventional cancer therapies in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) through various mechanisms. Herein, for the first time, we exploited the synergism of combination therapies with sorafenib and chidamide, a member of HDACis, in the control of OS using human OS cell lines and OS xenograft mouse model and discussed interactive mechanisms between the two drugs. The combination therapy exerted a strong synergism in the inhibition of OS cell proliferation, meanwhile prominently induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in OS cells with increased expression of MCL-1, decreased expression of caspase-3 and P21, along with diminished level of the overlapped protein P-ERK1/2. Furthermore, oral administration of the combined treatment led to a more optical therapeutic outcome, including lower degrees of tumoral cell proliferation, greater extent of apoptosis, along with induction of cell cycle arrest in tumor tissues, while exhibiting minimal toxicity. This study shows that the combination of sorafenib and chidamide can combat OS in a synergistic fashion and prompts the promising development of innovative combined therapeutic strategies for OS.
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BEND3 safeguards pluripotency by repressing differentiation-associated genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2107406119. [PMID: 35217604 PMCID: PMC8892337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107406119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of how the BEN domain–containing gene family regulates chromatin function and transcription remains to be elucidated. We report that BEND3 is highly expressed in pluripotent cells and binds to promoters of genes involved in differentiation. BEND3 regulates the expression of differentiation-associated genes by modulating the chromatin architecture at promoters. We propose that transcription repression mediated by BEND3 is essential for normal development and maintenance of pluripotency. BEN domain–containing proteins are emerging rapidly as an important class of factors involved in modulating gene expression, yet the molecular basis of how they regulate chromatin function and transcription remains to be established. BEND3 is a quadruple BEN domain–containing protein that associates with heterochromatin and functions as a transcriptional repressor. We find that BEND3 is highly expressed in pluripotent cells, and the induction of differentiation results in the down-regulation of BEND3. The removal of BEND3 from pluripotent cells results in cells exhibiting upregulation of the differentiation-inducing gene expression signature. We find that BEND3 binds to the promoters of differentiation-associated factors and key cell cycle regulators, including CDKN1A, encoding the cell cycle inhibitor p21, and represses the expression of differentiation-associated genes by enhancing H3K27me3 decoration at these promoters. Our results support a model in which transcription repression mediated by BEND3 is essential for normal development and to prevent differentiation.
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Roychowdhury T, Chattopadhyay S. Chemical Decorations of "MARs" Residents in Orchestrating Eukaryotic Gene Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602994. [PMID: 33409278 PMCID: PMC7779526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation, orchestrating multiple cellular functions. A meshwork of proteins constituting a three-dimensional (3D) matrix helps in maintaining the genomic architecture. Sequences of DNA that are involved in tethering the chromatin to the matrix are called scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), and the proteins that bind to these sequences and mediate tethering are termed S/MAR-binding proteins (S/MARBPs). The regulation of S/MARBPs is important for cellular functions and is altered under different conditions. Limited information is available presently to understand the structure–function relationship conclusively. Although all S/MARBPs bind to DNA, their context- and tissue-specific regulatory roles cannot be justified solely based on the available information on their structures. Conformational changes in a protein lead to changes in protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that essentially would regulate functional outcomes. A well-studied form of protein regulation is post-translational modification (PTM). It involves disulfide bond formation, cleavage of precursor proteins, and addition or removal of low-molecular-weight groups, leading to modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, PARylation, and ubiquitination. These chemical modifications lead to varied functional outcomes by mechanisms like modifying DNA–protein interactions and PPIs, altering protein function, stability, and crosstalk with other PTMs regulating subcellular localizations. S/MARBPs are reported to be regulated by PTMs, thereby contributing to gene regulation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding, scope, disease implications, and future perspectives of the diverse PTMs regulating functions of S/MARBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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He J, Chen Q, Gu H, Chen J, Zhang E, Guo X, Huang X, Yan H, He D, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Wang G, He H, Yi Q, Cai Z. Therapeutic effects of the novel subtype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide on myeloma-associated bone disease. Haematologica 2018; 103:1369-1379. [PMID: 29773595 PMCID: PMC6068041 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.181172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases are promising therapeutic targets in hematological malignancies. In the work herein, we investigated the effect of chidamide, a new subtype-selective histone deacetylase inhibitor that was independently produced in China, on multiple myeloma and its associated bone diseases using different models. The cytotoxicity of chidamide toward myeloma is due to its induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by increasing the levels of caspase family proteins p21 and p27, among others. Furthermore, chidamide exhibited significant cytotoxicity against myeloma cells co-cultured with bone mesenchymal stromal cells and chidamide-pretreated osteoclasts. Importantly, chidamide suppressed osteoclast differentiation and resorption in vitro by dephosphorylating p-ERK, p-p38, p-AKT and p-JNK and inhibiting the expression of Cathepsin K, NFATc1 and c-fos. Finally, chidamide not only prevented tumor-associated bone loss in a disseminated murine model by partially decreasing the tumor burden but also prevented rapid receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-β ligand (RANKL)-induced bone loss in a non-tumor-bearing mouse model. Based on our results, chidamide exerted dual anti-myeloma and bone-protective effects in vitro and in vivo. These findings strongly support the potential clinical use of this drug as a treatment for multiple myeloma in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingxiao Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyao Gu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haimeng Yan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - DongHua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Quzhou People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huang He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Malik MZ, Alam MJ, Ishrat R, Agarwal SM, Singh RKB. Control of apoptosis by SMAR1. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:350-362. [PMID: 27934984 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00525j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear matrix associated protein SMAR1 is sensitive to p53 and acts as a stress inducer as well as a regulator in the p53 regulatory network. Depending on the amount of stress SMAR1 stimulates, it can drive the p53 dynamics in the system to various dynamical states which correspond to various cellular states. The behavior of p53 in these dynamical states is found to be multifractal, due to the mostly long range correlations and large scale fluctuations imparted by stress. This fractal behavior is exhibited in the topological properties of the networks constructed from these dynamical states, and is a signature of self-organization to optimize information flow in the dynamics. The assortativity found in these networks is due to perturbation induced by stress, and indicates that the hubs in the time series play a significant role in stress management. SMAR1 can also regulate apoptosis in the presence of HDAC1, depending on the stress induced by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zubbair Malik
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India and School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Md Jahoor Alam
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il-2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Romana Ishrat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Subhash M Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, 1-7, Sector - 39, Noida 201301, India
| | - R K Brojen Singh
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
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Mantsou A, Koutsogiannouli E, Haitoglou C, Papavassiliou AG, Papanikolaou NA. Regulation of expression of the p21 CIP1 gene by the transcription factor ZNF217 and MDM2. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:560-568. [PMID: 27792410 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Using mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) protein-specific affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, we have isolated the protein product of the oncogene znf217, which is a transcription factor and a component of a Hela-S-derived HDAC1 complex, as a novel MDM2-interacting protein. When co-expressed in cultured cancer cells, ZNF217 forms a complex with MDM2 and its ectopic over-expression reduces the steady-state levels of acetylated p53 in cell lines, suppressing its ability to activate the expression of a p21 promoter construct. In-silico analysis of the p21 promoter revealed the presence of several ZNF217-binding sites. These findings suggest that MDM2 controls p21 expression by at least 2 mechanisms: through ZNF217-mediated recruitment of HDAC1/MDM2 activity, which inhibits p53 acetylation; and through direct interaction with its binding site(s) on the p21 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Mantsou
- a Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biological Sciences and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus Bldg 16a, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Koutsogiannouli
- a Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biological Sciences and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus Bldg 16a, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Haitoglou
- a Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biological Sciences and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus Bldg 16a, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- b Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A Papanikolaou
- a Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Division of Biological Sciences and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus Bldg 16a, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Khan D, Chattopadhyay S, Das S. Influence of metabolic stress on translation of p53 isoforms. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1039689. [PMID: 27308557 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1039689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
p53 and its isoforms are integral in modulating transcriptional gene expression programs and maintaining cellular homeostasis. We recently reported that glucose deprivation/caloric restriction induced translational control of p53 mRNA by scaffold/matrix attachment region binding-protein 1 (SMAR1), adding a cytoplasmic role of SMAR1 to its traditional nuclear role as a transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Present address: Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L4 and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | | | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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11
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Reversible induction of translational isoforms of p53 in glucose deprivation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1203-18. [PMID: 25721046 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor protein p53 is a master transcription regulator, indispensable for controlling several cellular pathways. Earlier work in our laboratory led to the identification of dual internal ribosome entry site (IRES) structure of p53 mRNA that regulates translation of full-length p53 and Δ40p53. IRES-mediated translation of both isoforms is enhanced under different stress conditions that induce DNA damage, ionizing radiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, oncogene-induced senescence and cancer. In this study, we addressed nutrient-mediated translational regulation of p53 mRNA using glucose depletion. In cell lines, this nutrient-depletion stress relatively induced p53 IRES activities from bicistronic reporter constructs with concomitant increase in levels of p53 isoforms. Surprisingly, we found scaffold/matrix attachment region-binding protein 1 (SMAR1), a predominantly nuclear protein is abundant in the cytoplasm under glucose deprivation. Importantly under these conditions polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein, an established p53 ITAF did not show nuclear-cytoplasmic relocalization highlighting the novelty of SMAR1-mediated control in stress. In vivo studies in mice revealed starvation-induced increase in SMAR1, p53 and Δ40p53 levels that was reversible on dietary replenishment. SMAR1 associated with p53 IRES sequences ex vivo, with an increase in interaction on glucose starvation. RNAi-mediated-transient SMAR1 knockdown decreased p53 IRES activities in normal conditions and under glucose deprivation, this being reflected in changes in mRNAs in the p53 and Δ40p53 target genes involved in cell-cycle arrest, metabolism and apoptosis such as p21, TIGAR and Bax. This study provides a new physiological insight into the regulation of this critical tumor suppressor in nutrient starvation, also suggesting important functions of the p53 isoforms in these conditions as evident from the downstream transcriptional target activation.
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Stallings JD, Ippolito DL, Rakesh V, Baer CE, Dennis WE, Helwig BG, Jackson DA, Leon LR, Lewis JA, Reifman J. Patterns of gene expression associated with recovery and injury in heat-stressed rats. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1058. [PMID: 25471284 PMCID: PMC4302131 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The in vivo gene response associated with hyperthermia is poorly understood. Here, we perform a global, multiorgan characterization of the gene response to heat stress using an in vivo conscious rat model. Results We heated rats until implanted thermal probes indicated a maximal core temperature of 41.8°C (Tc,Max). We then compared transcriptomic profiles of liver, lung, kidney, and heart tissues harvested from groups of experimental animals at Tc,Max, 24 hours, and 48 hours after heat stress to time-matched controls kept at an ambient temperature. Cardiac histopathology at 48 hours supported persistent cardiac injury in three out of six animals. Microarray analysis identified 78 differentially expressed genes common to all four organs at Tc,Max. Self-organizing maps identified gene-specific signatures corresponding to protein-folding disorders in heat-stressed rats with histopathological evidence of cardiac injury at 48 hours. Quantitative proteomics analysis by iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) demonstrated that differential protein expression most closely matched the transcriptomic profile in heat-injured animals at 48 hours. Calculation of protein supersaturation scores supported an increased propensity of proteins to aggregate for proteins that were found to be changing in abundance at 24 hours and in animals with cardiac injury at 48 hours, suggesting a mechanistic association between protein misfolding and the heat-stress response. Conclusions Pathway analyses at both the transcript and protein levels supported catastrophic deficits in energetics and cellular metabolism and activation of the unfolded protein response in heat-stressed rats with histopathological evidence of persistent heat injury, providing the basis for a systems-level physiological model of heat illness and recovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1058) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Stallings
- Environmental Health Program, U,S, Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Bldg, 568 Doughten Drive, MD 21702-5010 Fort Detrick, Maryland.
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13
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Chaudhary N, Nakka KK, Chavali PL, Bhat J, Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay S. SMAR1 coordinates HDAC6-induced deacetylation of Ku70 and dictates cell fate upon irradiation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1447. [PMID: 25299772 PMCID: PMC4237237 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation status of DNA end joining protein Ku70 dictates its function in DNA repair and Bax-mediated apoptosis. Despite the knowledge of HDACs and HATs that are reported to modulate the acetylation dynamics of Ku70, very little is known about proteins that critically coordinate these key modifications. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear matrix-associated protein scaffold/matrix-associated region-binding protein 1 (SMAR1) is a novel interacting partner of Ku70 and coordinates with HDAC6 to maintain Ku70 in a deacetylated state. Our studies revealed that knockdown of SMAR1 results in enhanced acetylation of Ku70, which leads to impaired recruitment of Ku70 in the chromatin fractions. Interestingly, ionizing radiation (IR) induces the expression of SMAR1 and its redistribution as distinct nuclear foci upon ATM-mediated phosphorylation at serine 370. Furthermore, SMAR1 regulates IR-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest by facilitating Chk2 phosphorylation. Alternatively, SMAR1 provides radioresistance by modulating the association of deacetylated Ku70 with Bax, abrogating the mitochondrial translocation of Bax. Thus, we provide mechanistic insights of SMAR1-mediated regulation of repair and apoptosis via a complex crosstalk involving Ku70, HDAC6 and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chaudhary
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - K K Nakka
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - P L Chavali
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - J Bhat
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Chromatin and Disease Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
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14
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Adhikary A, Chakraborty S, Mazumdar M, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Manna A, Mohanty S, Nakka KK, Joshi S, De A, Chattopadhyay S, Sa G, Das T. Inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition by E-cadherin up-regulation via repression of slug transcription and inhibition of E-cadherin degradation: dual role of scaffold/matrix attachment region-binding protein 1 (SMAR1) in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25431-44. [PMID: 25086032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the cancer cell into a metastatic entity is the major cause of death in patients with cancer. It has been acknowledged that aberrant activation of a latent embryonic program, known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), can endow cancer cells with the migratory and invasive capabilities associated with metastatic competence for which E-cadherin switch is a well-established hallmark. Discerning the molecular mechanisms that regulate E-cadherin expression is therefore critical for understanding tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Here we report that SMAR1 overexpression inhibits EMT and decelerates the migratory potential of breast cancer cells by up-regulating E-cadherin in a bidirectional manner. While SMAR1-dependent transcriptional repression of Slug by direct recruitment of SMAR1/HDAC1 complex to the matrix attachment region site present in the Slug promoter restores E-cadherin expression, SMAR1 also hinders E-cadherin-MDM2 interaction thereby reducing ubiquitination and degradation of E-cadherin protein. Consistently, siRNA knockdown of SMAR1 expression in these breast cancer cells results in a coordinative action of Slug-mediated repression of E-cadherin transcription, as well as degradation of E-cadherin protein through MDM2, up-regulating breast cancer cell migration. These results indicate a crucial role for SMAR1 in restraining breast cancer cell migration and suggest the candidature of this scaffold matrix-associated region-binding protein as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Adhikary
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Minakshi Mazumdar
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Swatilekha Ghosh
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Shravanti Mukherjee
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Argha Manna
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Suchismita Mohanty
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Nakka
- the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India, and
| | - Shruti Joshi
- the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India, and
| | - Abhijit De
- the Molecular Functional Imaging Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, ACTREC, Navi, Mumbai, Maharastra 410210, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India, and
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Tanya Das
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, Calcutta Improvement Trust Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, India,
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15
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Bariar B, Vestal CG, Richardson C. Long-term effects of chromatin remodeling and DNA damage in stem cells induced by environmental and dietary agents. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2014; 32:307-27. [PMID: 24579784 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2013007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of histones acts as a barrier to protein access; thus chromatin remodeling must occur for essential processes such as transcription and replication. In conjunction with histone modifications, DNA methylation plays critical roles in gene silencing through chromatin remodeling. Chromatin remodeling is also interconnected with the DNA damage response, maintenance of stem cell properties, and cell differentiation programs. Chromatin modifications have increasingly been shown to produce long-lasting alterations in chromatin structure and transcription. Recent studies have shown environmental exposures in utero have the potential to alter normal developmental signaling networks, physiologic responses, and disease susceptibility later in life during a process known as developmental reprogramming. In this review we discuss the long-term impact of exposure to environmental compounds, the chromatin modifications that they induce, and the differentiation and developmental programs of multiple stem and progenitor cell types altered by exposure. The main focus is to highlight agents present in the human lifestyle that have the potential to promote epigenetic changes that impact developmental programs of specific cell types, may promote tumorigenesis through altering epigenetic marks, and may be transgenerational, for example, those able to be transmitted through multiple cell divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Bariar
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - C Greer Vestal
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
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16
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Dai Q, Andreu-Agullo C, Insolera R, Wong LC, Shi SH, Lai EC. BEND6 is a nuclear antagonist of Notch signaling during self-renewal of neural stem cells. Development 2013; 140:1892-902. [PMID: 23571214 DOI: 10.1242/dev.087502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the Notch pathway revolves around a CSL-class transcription factor, which recruits distinct complexes that activate or repress target gene expression. The co-activator complex is deeply conserved and includes the cleaved Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Mastermind. By contrast, numerous CSL co-repressor proteins have been identified, and these are mostly different between invertebrate and vertebrate systems. In this study, we demonstrate that mammalian BEND6 is a neural BEN-solo factor that shares many functional attributes with Drosophila Insensitive, a co-repressor for the Drosophila CSL factor. BEND6 binds the mammalian CSL protein CBF1 and antagonizes Notch-dependent target activation. In addition, its association with Notch- and CBF1-regulated enhancers is promoted by CBF1 and antagonized by activated Notch. In utero electroporation experiments showed that ectopic BEND6 inhibited Notch-mediated self-renewal of neocortical neural stem cells and promoted neurogenesis. Conversely, knockdown of BEND6 increased NSC self-renewal in wild-type neocortex, and exhibited genetic interactions with gain and loss of Notch pathway activity. We recapitulated all of these findings in cultured neurospheres, in which overexpression and depletion of BEND6 caused reciprocal effects on neural stem cell renewal and neurogenesis. These data reveal a novel mammalian CSL co-repressor in the nervous system, and show that the Notch-inhibitory activity of certain BEN-solo proteins is conserved between flies and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Arora A, Gera S, Maheshwari T, Raghav D, Alam MJ, Singh RKB, Agarwal SM. The dynamics of stress p53-Mdm2 network regulated by p300 and HDAC1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52736. [PMID: 23437037 PMCID: PMC3577848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We construct a stress p53-Mdm2-p300-HDAC1 regulatory network that is activated and stabilised by two regulatory proteins, p300 and HDAC1. Different activation levels of [Formula: see text] observed due to these regulators during stress condition have been investigated using a deterministic as well as a stochastic approach to understand how the cell responds during stress conditions. We found that these regulators help in adjusting p53 to different conditions as identified by various oscillatory states, namely fixed point oscillations, damped oscillations and sustain oscillations. On assessing the impact of p300 on p53-Mdm2 network we identified three states: first stabilised or normal condition where the impact of p300 is negligible, second an interim region where p53 is activated due to interaction between p53 and p300, and finally the third regime where excess of p300 leads to cell stress condition. Similarly evaluation of HDAC1 on our model led to identification of the above three distinct states. Also we observe that noise in stochastic cellular system helps to reach each oscillatory state quicker than those in deterministic case. The constructed model validated different experimental findings qualitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshit Arora
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
| | - Saurav Gera
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
| | - Tanuj Maheshwari
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
| | - Dhwani Raghav
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
| | - Md. Jahoor Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - R. K. Brojen Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash M. Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
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18
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Abstract
p53 is an important tumor suppressor, functioning as a transcriptional activator and repressor. Upon receiving signals from multiple stress related pathways, p53 regulates numerous activities such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and cell death. When p53 activities are not required, the protein is held in check by interacting with 2 key homologous regulators, Mdm2 and MdmX, and a search for inhibitors of these interactions is well underway. However, it is now recognized that Mdm2 and MdmX function beyond simple inhibition of p53, and a complete understanding of Mdm2 and MdmX functions is ever more important. Indeed, increasing evidence suggests that Mdm2 and MdmX affect p53 target gene specificity and influence the activity of other transcription factors, and Mdm2 itself may even function as a transcription co-factor through post-translational modification of chromatin. Additionally, Mdm2 affects post-transcriptional activities such as mRNA stability and translation of a variety of transcripts. Thus, Mdm2 and MdmX influence the expression of many genes through a wide variety of mechanisms, which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Biderman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Singh S, Raina V, Chavali PL, Dubash T, Kadreppa S, Parab P, Chattopadhyay S. Regulation of GAD65 expression by SMAR1 and p53 upon Streptozotocin treatment. BMC Mol Biol 2012; 13:28. [PMID: 22978699 PMCID: PMC3459802 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GAD65 (Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 KDa isoform) is one of the most important auto-antigens involved in Type 1 diabetes induction. Although it serves as one of the first injury markers of β-islets, the mechanisms governing GAD65 expression remain poorly understood. Since the regulation of GAD65 is crucial for the proper functioning of insulin secreting cells, we investigated the stress induced regulation of GAD65 transcription. Results The present study shows that SMAR1 regulates GAD65 expression at the transcription level. Using a novel protein-DNA pull-down assay, we show that SMAR1 binding is very specific to GAD65 promoter but not to the other isoform, GAD67. We show that Streptozotocin (STZ) mediated DNA damage leads to upregulation of SMAR1 and p53 expression, resulting in elevated levels of GAD65, in both cell lines as well as mouse β-islets. SMAR1 and p53 act synergistically to up-regulate GAD65 expression upon STZ treatment. Conclusion We propose a novel mechanism of GAD65 regulation by synergistic activities of SMAR1 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Centre for Human Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India.
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20
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Jenkins LMM, Durell SR, Mazur SJ, Appella E. p53 N-terminal phosphorylation: a defining layer of complex regulation. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1441-9. [PMID: 22505655 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a critical component of the cellular response to stress. As it can inhibit cell growth, p53 is mutated or functionally inactivated in most tumors. A multitude of protein-protein interactions with transcriptional cofactors are central to p53-dependent responses. In its activated state, p53 is extensively modified in both the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. These modifications, especially phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in the N-terminal transactivation domain, affect p53 stability and activity by modulating the affinity of protein-protein interactions. Here, we review recent findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of p53 N-terminal phosphorylation. These modifications can either positively or negatively affect p53 and add a second layer of complex regulation to the divergent interactions of the p53 transactivation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Room 2140, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Peidis P, Voukkalis N, Aggelidou E, Georgatsou E, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M, Scott RE, Nikolakaki E, Giannakouros T. SAFB1 interacts with and suppresses the transcriptional activity of p53. FEBS Lett 2010; 585:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Malonia SK, Sinha S, Lakshminarasimhan P, Singh K, Jalota-Badhwar A, Rampalli S, Kaul-Ghanekar R, Chattopadhyay S. Gene regulation by SMAR1: Role in cellular homeostasis and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1815:1-12. [PMID: 20709157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the composition of nuclear matrix associated proteins contribute to alterations in nuclear structure, one of the major phenotypes of malignant cancer cells. The malignancy-induced changes in this structure lead to alterations in chromatin folding, the fidelity of genome replication and gene expression programs. The nuclear matrix forms a scaffold upon which the chromatin is organized into periodic loop domains called matrix attachment regions (MAR) by binding to various MAR binding proteins (MARBPs). Aberrant expression of MARBPs modulates the chromatin organization and disrupt transcriptional network that leads to oncogenesis. Dysregulation of nuclear matrix associated MARBPs has been reported in different types of cancers. Some of these proteins have tumor specific expression and are therefore considered as promising diagnostic or prognostic markers in few cancers. SMAR1 (scaffold/matrix attachment region binding protein 1), is one such nuclear matrix associated protein whose expression is drastically reduced in higher grades of breast cancer. SMAR1 gene is located on human chromosome 16q24.3 locus, the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of which has been reported in several types of cancers. This review elaborates on the multiple roles of nuclear matrix associated protein SMAR1 in regulating various cellular target genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis and tumorigenesis.
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Wang TY, Han ZM, Chai YR, Zhang JH. A mini review of MAR-binding proteins. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3553-60. [PMID: 20174991 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic DNA encompasses several levels of organization, the nuclear matrix mediates the formation of DNA loop domains that are anchored to matrix attachment regions (MARs). By means of specific interaction with MAR binding proteins (MARBPs), MAR plays an important regulation role in enhancing transgene expression, decreasing expression variation among individuals of different transformants and serving as the replication origin. Through these years, some MARBPs have been identified and characterized from humans, plants, animals and algae so far and the list is growing. Most of MARBPs exist in a co-repressor/co-activator complex and involve in chromosome folding, regulation of gene expression, influencing cell development and inducing cell apoptosis. This review covers recent advances that have contributed to our understanding of MARBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, People's Republic of China.
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Posttranslational modification of p53: cooperative integrators of function. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2009; 1:a000950. [PMID: 20457558 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The p53 protein is modified by as many as 50 individual posttranslational modifications. Many of these occur in response to genotoxic or nongenotoxic stresses and show interdependence, such that one or more modifications can nucleate subsequent events. This interdependent nature suggests a pathway that operates through multiple cooperative events as opposed to distinct functions for individual, isolated modifications. This concept, supported by recent investigations, which provide exquisite detail as to how various modifications mediate precise protein-protein interactions in a cooperative manner, may explain why knockin mice expressing p53 proteins substituted at one or just a few sites of modification typically show only subtle effects on p53 function. The present article focuses on recent, exciting progress and develops the idea that the impact of modification on p53 function is achieved through collective and integrated events.
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