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Duarte F, Teçza M, Gedi V, McGourty K, Hudson SP. C5a peptidase (ScpA) activity towards human type II and type III interferons. Cytokine 2024; 180:156652. [PMID: 38759527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
C5a peptidase, also known as ScpA, is a surface associated serine protease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes and has been described as an important factor in streptococcus virulence, capable of cleaving complement components C5a, C3 and C3a. Although the interactions of ScpA with complement components is well studied, extensive screening of ScpA activity against other pro-inflammatory cytokines is lacking. Here, ScpA's ability to cleave human pro-inflammatory cytokines was tested, revealing its ability to cleave human IFNγ, IFNλ1, IFNλ2, C5, IL-37 but with significantly reduced activities. The functional consequence of ScpA's cleavage of IFNγ in its signalling through the Jak-Stat pathway has also been evaluated in an in vitro RPE1 cell model. These newly identified targets for ScpA highlight the complexity of streptococcus infections and indeed, the potential for ScpA to have a therapeutic role in the progression of inflammatory diseases involving these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Duarte
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Malgorzata Teçza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vinayakumar Gedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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2
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de Weerd NA, Kurowska A, Mendoza JL, Schreiber G. Structure-function of type I and III interferons. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102413. [PMID: 38608537 PMCID: PMC11057355 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are major components in activating the innate immune response. Common to both are two distinct receptor chains (IFNAR1/IFNAR2 and IFNLR1/IL10R2), which form ternary complexes upon binding their respective ligands. This results in close proximity of the intracellularly associated kinases JAK1 and TYK2, which cross phosphorylate each other, the associated receptor chains, and signal transducer and activator of transcriptions, with the latter activating IFN-stimulated genes. While there are clear similarities in the biological responses toward type I and type III IFNs, differences have been found in their tropism, tuning of activity, and induction of the immune response. Here, we focus on how these differences are embedded in the structure/function relations of these two systems in light of the recent progress that provides in-depth information on the structural assembly of these receptors and their functional implications and how these differ between the mouse and human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Kurowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Juan L. Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 76100
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3
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Chio CC, Chan HW, Chen SH, Huang HI. Enterovirus D68 vRNA induces type III IFN production via MDA5. Virus Res 2024; 339:199284. [PMID: 38040125 PMCID: PMC10704515 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) primarily spreads through the respiratory tract and causes respiratory symptoms in children and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Type III interferons (IFNs) play a critical role in inhibiting viral growth in respiratory epithelial cells. However, the mechanism by which EV-D68 induces type III IFN production is not yet fully understood. In this study, we show that EV-D68 infection stimulates Calu-3 cells to secrete IFN-λ. The transfection of EV-D68 viral RNA (vRNA) stimulated IFN-λ via MDA5. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence that EV-D68 infection also induces MDA5-IRF3/IRF7-mediated IFN-λ. In addition, we discovered that EV-D68 infection downregulated MDA5 expression. Knockdown of MDA5 increased EV-D68 replication in Calu-3 cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3 proteins effectively inhibit EV-D68 infection in respiratory epithelial cells. In summary, our study shows that EV-D68 induces type III IFN production via the activated MDA5-IRF3/IRF7 pathway and that type III IFNs inhibit EV-D68 replication in Calu-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chong Chio
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hio-Wai Chan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-I Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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4
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Samir N, Alieldin LG, Nour ZA, AlOrbani AM. Interleukin-29 level in psoriasis before and after narrow-band ultraviolet B and its relationship with metabolic syndrome. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 316:63. [PMID: 38157061 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Samir
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr AlAiny Street, Cario, 11562, Egypt
| | - Lobna Gamal Alieldin
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr AlAiny Street, Cario, 11562, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Nour
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Aya M AlOrbani
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr AlAiny Street, Cario, 11562, Egypt.
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5
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Grubbe WS, Byléhn F, Alvarado W, de Pablo JJ, Mendoza JL. Molecular analysis of the type III interferon complex and its applications in protein engineering. Biophys J 2023; 122:4254-4263. [PMID: 37794680 PMCID: PMC10645568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNλs) are cytokines with critical roles in the immune system and are attractive therapeutic candidates due to their tissue-specific activity. Despite entering several clinical trials, results have demonstrated limited efficacy and potency, partially attributed to low-affinity protein-protein interactions (PPIs) responsible for receptor complex formation. Subsequently, structural studies of the native IFNλ signaling complexes remain inaccessible. While protein engineering can overcome affinity limitations, tools to investigate low-affinity systems like these remain limited. To provide insights into previous efforts to strengthen the PPIs within this complex, we perform a molecular analysis of the extracellular ternary complexes of IFNλ3 using both computational and experimental approaches. We first use molecular simulations and modeling to quantify differences in PPIs and residue strain fluctuations, generate detailed free energy landscapes, and reveal structural differences between an engineered, high-affinity complex, and a model of the wild-type, low-affinity complex. This analysis illuminates distinct behaviors of these ligands, yielding mechanistic insights into IFNλ complex formation. We then apply these computational techniques in protein engineering and design by utilizing simulation data to identify hotspots of interaction to rationally engineer the native cytokine-receptor complex for increased stability. These simulations are then validated by experimental techniques, showing that a single mutation at a computationally predicted site of interaction between the two receptors increases PPIs and improves complex formation for all IFNλs. This study highlights the power of molecular dynamics simulations for protein engineering and design as applied to the IFNλ family but also presents a potential tool for analysis and engineering of other systems with low-affinity PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Grubbe
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fabian Byléhn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter Alvarado
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Yadav S, Varma A, Muralidharan AO, Bhowmick S, Mondal S, Mallick AI. The immune-adjunctive potential of recombinant LAB vector expressing murine IFNλ3 (MuIFNλ3) against Type A Influenza Virus (IAV) infection. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:53. [PMID: 37904242 PMCID: PMC10617148 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional means of controlling the recurring pandemics of Type A Influenza Virus (IAV) infections remain challenging primarily because of its high mutability and increasing drug resistance. As an alternative to control IAV infections, the prophylactic use of cytokines to drive immune activation of multiple antiviral host factors has been progressively recognized. Among them, Type III Interferons (IFNs) exhibit a pivotal role in inducing potent antiviral host responses by upregulating the expression of several antiviral genes, including the Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs) that specifically target the virus replication machinery. To harness the immuno-adjunctive potential, we examined whether pre-treatment of IFNλ3, a Type III IFN, can activate antiviral host responses against IAV infections. METHODS In the present study, we bioengineered a food-grade lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB), Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), to express and secrete functional murine IFNλ3 (MuIFNλ3) protein in the extracellular milieu. To test the immune-protective potential of MuIFNλ3 secreted by recombinant L. lactis (rL. lactis), we used murine B16F10 cells as an in vitro model while mice (BALB/c) were used for in vivo studies. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that priming with MuIFNλ3 secreted by rL. lactis could upregulate the expression of several antiviral genes, including Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs) and ISGs, without exacerbated pulmonary or intestinal inflammatory responses. Moreover, we also showed that pre-treatment of B16F10 cells with MuIFNλ3 can confer marked immune protection against mice-adapted influenza virus, A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) infection. CONCLUSION Since the primary target for IAV infections is the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, immune activation without affecting the tissue homeostasis suggests the immune-adjunctive potential of IFNλ3 against IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Aparna Varma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Aparna Odayil Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Sucharita Bhowmick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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7
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Lin JY, Huang HI. Respiratory viruses induce the expression of type I and III IFNs in MSCs through RLR/IRF3 signaling pathways. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105171. [PMID: 37321390 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) comprise a primitive cell population and reside in various tissues and organs. These cells exhibit immunomodulatory activity and are effective in treating respiratory viral infections. The activation of type I and III interferons, which protect cells against viral infections, can be induced after pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize viral nucleic acid species. Although certain viruses can upregulate IFN-β expression in MSCs, the underlying mechanisms and responsiveness to different IFNs are unclear. We found that foreskin-derived fibroblast-like stromal cells (FDSCs), a kind of functional MSC, were permissive to IAV PR8, HCoV-229E, and EV-D68. Infection by IAV PR8 and HCoV-229E increased the expression of IFN-β and IFN-λ species in FDSCs in an IRF-3-dependent manner. RIG-I was critical for detecting IAV PR8 in FDSCs, and IAV PR8 infection induced a significant increase in the expression of interferon signaling genes (ISGs). Interestingly, only IFN-β, but not IFN-λ species, could induce the expression of ISGs, a finding supported by our observation that only IFN-β induced STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation in FDSCs. We also proved that treatment with IFN-β suppressed the propagation of IAV PR8 and promoted the survival of virus-infected FDSCs. Respiratory viruses could infect FDSCs and induce the expression of IFN-β and IFN-λ1, but only IFN-β could protect FDSCs against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhao-Yin Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-I Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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8
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Antos D, Alcorn JF. IFNλ: balancing the light and dark side in pulmonary infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0285022. [PMID: 37278532 PMCID: PMC10470512 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02850-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) represents a well-known component of antiviral immunity that has been studied extensively for its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential when antiviral treatment options are limited. Specifically in the respiratory tract, IFNs are induced directly on viral recognition to limit the spread and transmission of the virus. Recent focus has been on the IFNλ family, which has become an exciting focus in recent years for its potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities against viruses infecting barrier sites, including the respiratory tract. However, insights into the interplay between IFNλs and other pulmonary infections are more limited and suggest a more complex role, potentially detrimental, than what was seen during viral infections. Here, we review the role of IFNλs in pulmonary infections, including viral, bacterial, fungal, and multi-pathogen super-infections, and how this may impact future work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Antos
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Huang B, Liu Q, Bai C, Li C, Wang C, Xin L. A Putative Receptor for Ferritin in Mollusks: Characterization of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Type 1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076175. [PMID: 37047145 PMCID: PMC10094261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferritin secreted by mammals has been well documented, with the protein capable of localizing to cell membranes and facilitating the delivery of iron to cells through endocytosis. However, the presence of ferritin in the circulatory fluid of mollusks and its functions remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential interacting proteins of ferritin in the ark clam (SbFn) through the use of a pull-down assay. Our findings revealed the presence of an insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in ark clams, which was capable of binding to SbFn and was named SbIGF-1R. SbIGF-1R was found to be composed of two leucine-rich repeat domains (L domain), a cysteine-rich domain, three fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane domain, and a tyrosine kinase domain. The ectodomain of SbIGF-1R was observed to form a symmetrical antiparallel homodimer in the shape of the letter 'A', with the fibronectin type III domains serving as its 'legs'. The mRNA expression of SbIGF-1R gene was detected ubiquitously in various tissues of the ark clam, with the highest expression levels found in hemocytes, as determined by qRT-PCR. Using a confocal microscopic and yeast two-hybrid assays, the interaction between SbIGF-1R and SbFn was further verified. The results showed that SbFn co-localized with SbIGF-1R on the cell membrane, and their interaction was expected to occur on the FNIII domains of the SbIGF-1R. In conclusion, our findings highlight the identification of a putative receptor, SbIGF-1R, for SbFn, demonstrating the versatility of IGF-1R in ark clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Huang
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Changming Bai
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chen Li
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chongming Wang
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lusheng Xin
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
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10
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Role of Interferons in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Clin Pract 2022; 12:788-796. [PMID: 36286068 PMCID: PMC9600403 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12050082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable measures have been implemented in healthcare institutions to screen for and treat tuberculosis (TB) in developed countries; however, in low- and middle-income countries, many individuals still suffer from TB’s deleterious effects. TB is caused by an infection from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) bacteria. Symptoms of TB may range from an asymptomatic latent-phase affecting the pulmonary tract to a devastating active and disseminated stage that can cause central nervous system demise, musculoskeletal impairments, and genitourinary compromise. Following M. tb infection, cytokines such as interferons (IFNs) are released as part of the host immune response. Three main classes of IFNs prevalent during the immune defense include: type I IFN (α and β), type II IFN (IFN-γ), and type III IFN (IFN-λ). The current literature reports that type I IFN plays a role in diminishing the host defense against M. tb by attenuating T-cell activation. In opposition, T-cell activation drives type II IFN release, which is the primary cytokine mediating protection from M. tb by stimulating macrophages and their oxidative defense mechanisms. Type III IFN has a subsidiary part in improving the Th1 response for host cell protection against M. tb. Based on the current evidence available, our group aims to summarize the role that each IFN serves in TB within this literature review.
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Chen J, Guan Y, Guan H, Mu Y, Ding Y, Zou J, Ouyang S, Chen X. Molecular and Structural Basis of Receptor Binding and Signaling of a Fish Type I IFN with Three Disulfide Bonds. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:806-819. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In mammals, type I IFNs, which commonly contain one or two disulfide bonds, activate the JAK-STAT signaling pathway through binding to the common cell surface receptor formed by IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR)1 and IFNAR2 subunits. Although type I IFNs are also known to be essential for antiviral defense in teleost fish, very little is known about mechanisms underlying the recognition of fish type I IFNs by associated receptors. In this study, we demonstrate that a type I IFN of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (LcIFNi), belonging to a new subgroup of fish type I IFNs, triggers antiviral response via the conserved JAK-STAT pathway through stable binding with a heterodimeric receptor comprising subunits LcCRFB5 and LcCRFB2. LcIFNi binds to LcCRFB5 with a much higher affinity than to LcCRFB2. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structure of LcIFNi at a 1.39 Å resolution. The high-resolution structure is, to our knowledge, the first reported structure of a type I IFN with three disulfide bonds, all of which were found to be indispensable for folding and stability of LcIFNi. Using structural analysis, mutagenesis, and biochemical assays, we identified key LcIFNi residues involved in receptor interaction and proposed a structural model of LcIFNi bound to the LcCRFB2–LcCRFB5 receptor. The results show that LcIFNi–LcCRFB2 exhibits a similar binding pattern to human IFN-ω–IFNAR2, whereas the binding pattern of LcIFNi–LcCRFB5 is quite different from that of IFN-ω–IFNAR1. Altogether, our findings reveal the structural basis for receptor interaction and signaling of a type I IFN with three disulfide bonds and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying type I IFN recognition in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Chen
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Guan
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Guan
- †Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Ding
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Zou
- ‡Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Songying Ouyang
- †Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- *Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- §Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
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12
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De M, Bhushan A, Grubbe WS, Roy S, Mendoza JL, Chinnaswamy S. Distinct molecular phenotypes involving several human diseases are induced by IFN-λ3 and IFN-λ4 in monocyte-derived macrophages. Genes Immun 2022; 23:73-84. [PMID: 35115664 PMCID: PMC9042695 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human Interferon (IFN) lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) and IFN-λ4 are closely linked at the IFNL locus and show association with several diseases in genetic studies. Since they are only ~30% identical to each other, to better understand their roles in disease phenotypes, comparative studies are needed. Monocytes are precursors to macrophages (monocyte-derived macrophages; MDMs) that get differentiated under the influence of various immune factors, including IFNs. In a recent study, we characterized lipopolysaccharide-activated M1 and M2-MDMs that were differentiated in presence of IFN-λ3 or IFN-λ4. In this study, we performed transcriptomics on these M1 and M2-MDMs to further understand their molecular phenotypes. We identified over 760 genes that were reciprocally regulated by IFN-λ3 and IFN-λ4, additionally we identified over 240 genes that are significantly affected by IFN-λ4 but not IFN-λ3. We observed that IFN-λ3 was more active in M2-MDMs while IFN-λ4 showed superior response in M1-MDMs. Providing a structural explanation for these functional differences, molecular modeling showed differences in expected interactions of IFN-λ3 and IFN-λ4 with the extracellular domain of IFN-λR1. Further, pathway analysis showed several human infectious diseases and even cancer-related pathways being significantly affected by IFN-λ3 and/or IFN-λ4 in both M1 and M2-MDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjarika De
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741251, India
| | - Anand Bhushan
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741251, India
- Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - William S Grubbe
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Subhajit Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741251, India
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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13
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Chen SN, Gan Z, Hou J, Yang YC, Huang L, Huang B, Wang S, Nie P. Identification and establishment of type IV interferon and the characterization of interferon-υ including its class II cytokine receptors IFN-υR1 and IL-10R2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:999. [PMID: 35194032 PMCID: PMC8863823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are critical soluble factors in the immune system and are composed of three types, (I, II and III) that utilize different receptor complexes IFN-αR1/IFN-αR2, IFN-γR1/IFN-γR2, and IFN-λR1/IL-10R2, respectively. Here we identify IFN-υ from the genomic sequences of vertebrates. The members of class II cytokine receptors, IFN-υR1 and IL-10R2, are identified as the receptor complex of IFN-υ, and are associated with IFN-υ stimulated gene expression and antiviral activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). IFN-υ and IFN-υR1 are separately located at unique and highly conserved loci, being distinct from all other three-type IFNs. IFN-υ and IFN-υR1 are phylogenetically clustered with class II cytokines and class II cytokine receptors, respectively. Therefore, the finding of this IFN ligand-receptor system may be considered as a type IV IFN, in addition to the currently recognized three types of IFNs in vertebrates. Interferons are critical soluble components of the inflammatory process and are composed of three types with associated receptor complexes. Here the authors identify and characterise the type IV interferon, IFN-υ, and identify its associated receptors, denote functionality during in vivo infection and ascertain its genomic localisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yue Cong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Bei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.,College of Fisheries, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Su Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.,School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China. .,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China. .,Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China. .,School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China.
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14
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Kolářová L, Zahradník J, Huličiak M, Mikulecký P, Peleg Y, Shemesh M, Schreiber G, Schneider B. De novo developed protein binders mimicking Interferon lambda signaling. FEBS J 2021; 289:2672-2684. [PMID: 34826176 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We hereby describe the process of design and selection of nonantibody protein binders mimicking cytokine signaling. We chose to mimic signaling of IFN-λ1, type 3 interferon (also known as IL-29) for its novelty and the importance of its biological functions. All four known interferons λ signal through binding to the extracellular domains of IL-28 receptor 1 (IL-28R1) and IL-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2). Our binders were therefore trained to bind both receptors simultaneously. The bifunctional binder molecules were developed by yeast display, a method of directed evolution. The signaling capacity of the bivalent binders was tested by measuring phosphorylation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and production of mRNA of six selected genes naturally induced by IFN- λ1 in human cell lines. The newly developed bivalent binders offer opportunities to study cytokine-related biological functions and modulation of the cell behavior by receptor activation on the cell surfaces alternative to the use of natural IFN-λ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kolářová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zahradník
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maroš Huličiak
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mikulecký
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Shemesh
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bohdan Schneider
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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15
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Plotnikova M, Lozhkov A, Romanovskaya-Romanko E, Baranovskaya I, Sergeeva M, Kаа K, Klotchenko S, Vasin A. IFN-λ1 Displays Various Levels of Antiviral Activity In Vitro in a Select Panel of RNA Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:1602. [PMID: 34452467 PMCID: PMC8402797 DOI: 10.3390/v13081602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (lambda IFNs) are a quite new, small family of three closely related cytokines with interferon-like activity. Attention to IFN-λ is mainly focused on direct antiviral activity in which, as with IFN-α, viral genome replication is inhibited without the participation of immune system cells. The heterodimeric receptor for lambda interferons is exposed mainly on epithelial cells, which limits its possible action on other cells, thus reducing the likelihood of developing undesirable side effects compared to type I IFN. In this study, we examined the antiviral potential of exogenous human IFN-λ1 in cellular models of viral infection. To study the protective effects of IFN-λ1, three administration schemes were used: 'preventive' (pretreatment); 'preventive/therapeutic' (pre/post); and 'therapeutic' (post). Three IFN-λ1 concentrations (from 10 to 500 ng/mL) were used. We have shown that human IFN-λ1 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells with all three treatment schemes. In addition, we have shown a decrease in the viral loads of CHIKV and IVA with the 'preventive' and 'preventive/therapeutic' regimes. No significant antiviral effect of IFN-λ1 against AdV was detected. Our study highlights the potential for using IFN-λ as a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent against respiratory RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Plotnikova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.P.); (A.L.); (E.R.-R.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Alexey Lozhkov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.P.); (A.L.); (E.R.-R.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.P.); (A.L.); (E.R.-R.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Irina Baranovskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.P.); (A.L.); (E.R.-R.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mariia Sergeeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.P.); (A.L.); (E.R.-R.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin Kаа
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products RAS, 108819 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Klotchenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.P.); (A.L.); (E.R.-R.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrey Vasin
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.P.); (A.L.); (E.R.-R.); (I.B.); (M.S.); (A.V.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Center for Biophysical Research in The Field of Pharmaceuticals, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Pham PN, Huličiak M, Biedermannová L, Černý J, Charnavets T, Fuertes G, Herynek Š, Kolářová L, Kolenko P, Pavlíček J, Zahradník J, Mikulecky P, Schneider B. Protein Binder (ProBi) as a New Class of Structurally Robust Non-Antibody Protein Scaffold for Directed Evolution. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020190. [PMID: 33514045 PMCID: PMC7911045 DOI: 10.3390/v13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered small non-antibody protein scaffolds are a promising alternative to antibodies and are especially attractive for use in protein therapeutics and diagnostics. The advantages include smaller size and a more robust, single-domain structural framework with a defined binding surface amenable to mutation. This calls for a more systematic approach in designing new scaffolds suitable for use in one or more methods of directed evolution. We hereby describe a process based on an analysis of protein structures from the Protein Data Bank and their experimental examination. The candidate protein scaffolds were subjected to a thorough screening including computational evaluation of the mutability, and experimental determination of their expression yield in E. coli, solubility, and thermostability. In the next step, we examined several variants of the candidate scaffolds including their wild types and alanine mutants. We proved the applicability of this systematic procedure by selecting a monomeric single-domain human protein with a fold different from previously known scaffolds. The newly developed scaffold, called ProBi (Protein Binder), contains two independently mutable surface patches. We demonstrated its functionality by training it as a binder against human interleukin-10, a medically important cytokine. The procedure yielded scaffold-related variants with nanomolar affinity.
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17
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Lozhkov AA, Klotchenko SA, Ramsay ES, Moshkoff HD, Moshkoff DA, Vasin AV, Salvato MS. The Key Roles of Interferon Lambda in Human Molecular Defense against Respiratory Viral Infections. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120989. [PMID: 33255985 PMCID: PMC7760417 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are crucial for the innate immune response. Slightly more than two decades ago, a new type of IFN was discovered: the lambda IFN (type III IFN). Like other IFN, the type III IFN display antiviral activity against a wide variety of infections, they induce expression of antiviral, interferon-stimulated genes (MX1, OAS, IFITM1), and they have immuno-modulatory activities that shape adaptive immune responses. Unlike other IFN, the type III IFN signal through distinct receptors is limited to a few cell types, primarily mucosal epithelial cells. As a consequence of their greater and more durable production in nasal and respiratory tissues, they can determine the outcome of respiratory infections. This review is focused on the role of IFN-λ in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, with influenza as a prime example. The influenza virus is a major public health problem, causing up to half a million lethal infections annually. Moreover, the virus has been the cause of four pandemics over the last century. Although IFN-λ are increasingly being tested in antiviral therapy, they can have a negative influence on epithelial tissue recovery and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Therefore, IFN-λ expression deserves increased scrutiny as a key factor in the host immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Lozhkov
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (A.V.V.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Sergey A. Klotchenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Edward S. Ramsay
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Herman D. Moshkoff
- Russian Technological University (MIREA), 119454 Moscow, Russia;
- US Pharma Biotechnology, Inc., 5000 Thayer Center, Suite C, Oakland, MD 21550, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Moshkoff
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (A.V.V.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
- US Pharma Biotechnology, Inc., 5000 Thayer Center, Suite C, Oakland, MD 21550, USA
- Global Virus Network(GVN), 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrey V. Vasin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (A.V.V.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
- Global Virus Network(GVN), 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- St. Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Global Virus Network(GVN), 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Walter MR. The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606489. [PMID: 33281831 PMCID: PMC7689341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with the unique ability to induce cell intrinsic programs that enhance resistance to viral infection. Induction of an antiviral state at the cell, tissue, organ, and organismal level is performed by three distinct IFN families, designated as Type-I, Type-II, and Type-III IFNs. Overall, there are 21 human IFNs, (16 type-I, 12 IFNαs, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, and IFNω; 1 type-II, IFNγ; and 4 type-III, IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, and IFNλ4), that induce pleotropic cellular activities essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against virus and other pathogens. IFN signaling is initiated by binding to distinct heterodimeric receptor complexes. The three-dimensional structures of the type-I (IFNα/IFNAR1/IFNAR2), type-II (IFNγ/IFNGR1/IFNGR2), and type-III (IFNλ3/IFNλR1/IL10R2) signaling complexes have been determined. Here, we highlight similar and unique features of the IFNs, their cell surface complexes and discuss their role in inducing downstream IFN signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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19
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Premzl M. Comparative genomic analysis of eutherian interferon genes. Genomics 2020; 112:4749-4759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Zhao M, Li L, Zhai L, Yue Q, Liu H, Ren S, Jiang X, Gao F, Bai S, Li H, Zhang Y, Xu H, Zhang L, Liu P, Tan M, Yu Q. Comparative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Prove that IFN-λ1 is a More Potent Inducer of ISGs than IFN-α against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3697-3707. [PMID: 32692179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type III interferon (IFN-λ) is currently considered to be largely nonredundant to type I interferon (IFN-α) in antivirus infection, especially in epithelial cells. Previous studies reported that, compared with IFN-α, IFN-λ exhibited stronger induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) at the transcriptional level in intestinal epithelial cells and stronger inhibition of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). In this study, the different mechanisms of ISG upregulation induced by IFN-α and IFN-λ1 were compared at the mRNA and protein levels in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell model (IPEC-J2). It was proved that IFN-λ1 consistently exhibited stronger stimulation effects at both levels. At the mRNA level, 132 genes were significantly upregulated upon IFN-λ1 stimulation, while 42 genes upon IFN-α stimulation. At the protein level, 47 proteins were significantly upregulated upon IFN-λ1 stimulation, but only 8 proteins were upregulated upon IFN-α stimulation. The shared upregulated genes/proteins by IFN-λ1 in both transcriptional and translational omics, especially the regulation factors of ISG15, were involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Compared to IFN-α, IFN-λ1 could induce more consistent upregulation of the key ISGs (ISG15, USP18, OASL, and RSAD2) at 3-24 h postinduction as measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation. It was further confirmed through functional analysis that ISG15 and RSAD2 could inhibit PEDV infection in dose-dependent manners. This study provided solid evidence that IFN-λ1 could induce a more unique and higher ISG expression level, which exhibited anti-PEDV effects on porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China.,Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Linhui Zhai
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Yue
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Suping Ren
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fenghua Gao
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shanshan Bai
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Sartorius Stedim (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pinghuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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21
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Kotenko SV, Rivera A, Parker D, Durbin JE. Type III IFNs: Beyond antiviral protection. Semin Immunol 2020; 43:101303. [PMID: 31771761 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The unexpected discovery of a novel family of antiviral mediators, type III IFNs or IFN-λs, challenged the widely accepted primacy of type I IFNs in antiviral immunity, and it is now well recognized that the IFN-λ-based antiviral system plays a major role in antiviral protection of epithelial barriers. The recent characterization of previously unknown IFN-λ-mediated activities has prompted further reassessment of the role of type I IFNs in innate and adaptive immune and inflammatory responses. Since type I and type III IFNs are co-produced in response to a variety of stimuli, it is likely that many physiological processes are simultaneously and coordinately regulated by these cytokines in pathological conditions, and likely at steady state, as baseline expression of both IFN types is maintained by microbiota. In this review, we discuss emerging differences in the production and signaling of type I and type III IFNs, and summarize results of recent studies describing the involvement of type III IFNs in anti-bacterial and anti-fungal, as well as antiviral, defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Cell Signaling, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dane Parker
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Joan E Durbin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, RBHS, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), or ‘cytokine storm’, is the leading side effect during chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy that is potentially life-threatening. It also plays a critical role in viral infections such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, efficient removal of excessive cytokines is essential for treatment. We previously reported a novel protein modification tool called the QTY code, through which hydrophobic amino acids Leu, Ile, Val and Phe are replaced by Gln (Q), Thr (T) and Tyr (Y). Thus, the functional detergent-free equivalents of membrane proteins can be designed. Here, we report the application of the QTY code on six variants of cytokine receptors, including interleukin receptors IL4Rα and IL10Rα, chemokine receptors CCR9 and CXCR2, as well as interferon receptors IFNγR1 and IFNλR1. QTY-variant cytokine receptors exhibit physiological properties similar to those of native receptors without the presence of hydrophobic segments. The receptors were fused to the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein to form an antibody-like structure. These QTY code-designed Fc-fusion receptors were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The resulting water-soluble fusion receptors bind to their respective ligands with Kd values affinity similar to isolated native receptors. Our cytokine receptor–Fc-fusion proteins potentially serve as an antibody-like decoy to dampen the excessive cytokine levels associated with CRS and COVID-19 infection.
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Møhlenberg M, Gad HH, Hartmann R. The Influence of the rs30461 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on IFN-λ1 Activity and Secretion. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:661-667. [PMID: 31120365 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation within the IFNL loci is associated with several diseases and evidence indicates that the IFNL genes have been subjects of strong selection during recent human evolution. The nonsynonymous rs30461 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), generating interferon (IFN)-λ1 D188N, shows a strong signature of positive selection in European and Asian populations. Nevertheless, genetic association studies have failed to show any coupling of rs30461 to diseases such as psoriasis and periodontitis. Based on these observations, we purified IFN-λ1 N188 and IFN-λ1 D188 to compare the biological activity of these 2 IFN-λ1 versions. Furthermore, we evaluated the secretion of the 2 different IFN-λ1 versions. We were unable to observe any differences between IFN-λ1 N188 and IFN-λ1 D188 based on biological activity or secretion that could account for the positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Møhlenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Chung JH, Hong SH, Seo N, Kim TS, An HJ, Lee P, Shin EC, Kim HM. Structure-based glycoengineering of interferon lambda 4 enhances its productivity and anti-viral potency. Cytokine 2019; 125:154833. [PMID: 31479875 PMCID: PMC7129780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based glycoengineering was applied to improve IFNλ4′s expression level. Model of IFNλ4 signaling complex was used to select de novo N-glycosylation sites. Glycoengineered IFNλ4 variants showed enhanced expression and anti-viral activity.
Interferon lambda 4 (IFNλ4) has been recently known and studied for its role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but its clinical potential is significantly hampered due to its poor expression in vitro. Our study reports the successful production of IFNλ4 from a mammalian cell line through a glycoengineering and structure-based approach. We introduced de novo N-glycosylation of IFNλ4, guided by structural analysis, and produced IFNλ4 variants in Expi293F that displayed improved expression and potency. To preserve the structure and functionality of IFNλ4, the model structure of the IFNλ4 signaling complex was analyzed and the N-glycosylation candidate sites were selected. The receptor binding activity of engineered IFNλ4 variants and their receptor-mediated signaling pathway were similar to the E. coli version of IFNλ4 (eIFNλ4), while the antiviral activity and induction levels of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) were all more robust in our variants. Our engineered IFNλ4 variants may be further developed for clinical applications and utilized in basic research to decipher the immunological roles of IFNλ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Seo
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Shin Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Pedro Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Talebi S, Saeedinia A, Zeinoddini M, Ahmadpour F, Sadeghizadeh M. Evaluation of a single amino acid substitution at position 79 of human IFN-α2b in interferon-receptor assembly and activity. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:735-743. [PMID: 31135267 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1566143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are homologous cytokines that bind to a cell surface receptor and establish signaling pathways that motivate immune responses. The purpose of the current study is to assess the activity of a novel-engineered IFN-α2b. The crystallographic structure of IFN-α2b and its receptors was acquired from Protein Data Bank. Various amino acid substitutions were designed based on structural properties and other biological characteristics of residues to find the most effective amino acid on IFN affinity to advanced activities. The IFN-α2b mutants and receptors have been modeled and the interactions between two proteins have been studied as in silico by protein-protein docking for both mutants and native forms. The proper nucleic acid sequence IFN-α2 (T79Q) has been prepared based on the selected mutant. The modified IFN gene was cloned in pcDNA 3.1(-) and introduced to Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line. Antiviral and antiproliferative assays of native and IFN-α2 (T79Q) proteins were performed in vitro. The results showed two-fold increasing in IFN-α2 (T79Q) activity (antiviral and antiproliferative activity) in comparison to native IFN-α2b. This engineered IFN-α2b may have significant novel therapeutic applications and in silico studies can be an influential method for practical research function and structure of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Talebi
- a Malek Ashtar University of Technology , Tehran , Iran.,b Trauma Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | | | - Fathollah Ahmadpour
- b Trauma Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- c Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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26
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Stanifer ML, Pervolaraki K, Boulant S. Differential Regulation of Type I and Type III Interferon Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1445. [PMID: 30901970 PMCID: PMC6471306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are very powerful cytokines, which play a key role in combatting pathogen infections by controlling inflammation and immune response by directly inducing anti-pathogen molecular countermeasures. There are three classes of IFNs: type I, type II and type III. While type II IFN is specific for immune cells, type I and III IFNs are expressed by both immune and tissue specific cells. Unlike type I IFNs, type III IFNs have a unique tropism where their signaling and functions are mostly restricted to epithelial cells. As such, this class of IFN has recently emerged as a key player in mucosal immunity. Since the discovery of type III IFNs, the last 15 years of research in the IFN field has focused on understanding whether the induction, the signaling and the function of these powerful cytokines are regulated differently compared to type I IFN-mediated immune response. This review will cover the current state of the knowledge of the similarities and differences in the signaling pathways emanating from type I and type III IFN stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Stanifer
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kalliopi Pervolaraki
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yin X, Zhang S, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhang X. IL28RA inhibits human epidermal keratinocyte proliferation by inhibiting cell cycle progression. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1189-1197. [PMID: 30632069 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 28 receptor α (IL28RA) is a well-known candidate for psoriasis susceptibility based on previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis. However, the function of IL28RA in psoriasis has not been elucidated. In the present study, the expression of IL28RA was significantly decreased in lesional tissues from patients with plaque psoriasis when compared with the expression observed in adjacent non-lesional tissues. In vitro studies further demonstrated that in the presence of IL-29, HaCaT keratinocytes with IL28RA knockdown exhibited a faster rate of proliferation than control cells, and an enhanced ratio of cells in the S and G2/M phase. By contrast, IL28RA overexpression inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes and caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phases. Western blot analysis revealed that knockdown of IL28RA upregulated cyclinB1 expression and downregulated cyclinE expression; the opposite results were observed in the IL28RA-overexpressing HaCaT cells. Finally, a mechanistic study revealed that IL28RA functions through the activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway to exert its anti-proliferative effect. These results suggested that weak expression of IL28RA may contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and that IL28RA may be an effective drug target for the treatment of psoriasis. However, further in vivo studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Yin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shengquan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bao Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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28
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Zav'yalov VP, Hämäläinen-Laanaya H, Korpela TK, Wahlroos T. Interferon-Inducible Myxovirus Resistance Proteins: Potential Biomarkers for Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Infections. Clin Chem 2018; 65:739-750. [PMID: 30593466 PMCID: PMC7108468 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.292391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2015, the 68th World Health Assembly declared that effective, rapid, low-cost diagnostic tools were needed for guiding optimal use of antibiotics in medicine. This review is devoted to interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance proteins as potential biomarkers for differentiating viral from bacterial infections. CONTENT After viral infection, a branch of the interferon (IFN)-induced molecular reactions is triggered by the binding of IFNs with their receptors, a process leading to the activation of mx1 and mx2, which produce antiviral Mx proteins (MxA and MxB). We summarize current knowledge of the structures and functions of type I and III IFNs. Antiviral mechanisms of Mx proteins are discussed in reference to their structural and functional data to provide an in-depth picture of protection against viral attacks. Knowing such a mechanism may allow the development of countermeasures and the specific detection of any viral infection. Clinical research data indicate that Mx proteins are biomarkers for many virus infections, with some exceptions, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin have established positions as general biomarkers for bacterial infections. SUMMARY Mx genes are not directly induced by viruses and are not expressed constitutively; their expression strictly depends on IFN signaling. MxA protein production in peripheral blood cells has been shown to be a clinically sensitive and specific marker for viral infection. Viral infections specifically increase MxA concentrations, whereas viruses have only a modest increase in CRP or procalcitonin concentrations. Therefore, comparison of MxA and CRP and/or procalcitonin values can be used for the differentiation of infectious etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timo K Korpela
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tony Wahlroos
- Laboratory of Clinical Research, Labmaster Ltd., Turku, Finland
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29
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A polymorphic residue that attenuates the antiviral potential of interferon lambda 4 in hominid lineages. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007307. [PMID: 30308076 PMCID: PMC6181419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As antimicrobial signalling molecules, type III or lambda interferons (IFNλs) are critical for defence against infection by diverse pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Counter-intuitively, expression of one member of the family, IFNλ4, is associated with decreased clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the human population; by contrast, a natural frameshift mutation that abrogates IFNλ4 production improves HCV clearance. To further understand how genetic variation between and within species affects IFNλ4 function, we screened a panel of all known extant coding variants of human IFNλ4 for their antiviral potential and identify three that substantially affect activity: P70S, L79F and K154E. The most notable variant was K154E, which was found in African Congo rainforest ‘Pygmy’ hunter-gatherers. K154E greatly enhanced in vitro activity in a range of antiviral (HCV, Zika virus, influenza virus and encephalomyocarditis virus) and gene expression assays. Remarkably, E154 is the ancestral residue in mammalian IFNλ4s and is extremely well conserved, yet K154 has been fixed throughout evolution of the hominid genus Homo, including Neanderthals. Compared to chimpanzee IFNλ4, the human orthologue had reduced activity due to amino acid K154. Comparison of published gene expression data from humans and chimpanzees showed that this difference in activity between K154 and E154 in IFNλ4 correlates with differences in antiviral gene expression in vivo during HCV infection. Mechanistically, our data show that the human-specific K154 negatively affects IFNλ4 activity through a novel means by reducing its secretion and potency. We thus demonstrate that attenuated activity of IFNλ4 is conserved among humans and postulate that differences in IFNλ4 activity between species contribute to distinct host-specific responses to—and outcomes of—infection, such as HCV infection. The driver of reduced IFNλ4 antiviral activity in humans remains unknown but likely arose between 6 million and 360,000 years ago in Africa. Natural genetic variation and its influence on the outcome of viral infection is a topical area given the wealth of genetic data now available. However, understanding how clinical phenotype is affected by genetic variation at the molecular level is often lacking yet critical for any insight into immunity and disease. It is known that variants in the antiviral ‘interferon lambda 4’ (IFNL4) gene significantly influence outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in humans. Counter-intuitively, those producing IFNL4 have greater risk of establishing chronic HCV infection, compared to individuals with an inactive variant, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. From a comprehensive screen of all natural human variants, we show that the most common form of IFNλ4 is less able to protect human cells from pathogenic virus infection than the equivalent protein from our closest living relative the chimpanzee. This is as a result of a single amino acid substitution that impedes its release from cells and reduces antiviral gene expression. Our observed differences in activity correlated with divergent host responses in HCV-infected livers from humans and chimpanzees. We suggest that human IFNL4 evolution places humans at a disadvantage when infected with pathogens such as HCV.
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30
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Mendoza JL, Schneider WM, Hoffmann HH, Vercauteren K, Jude KM, Xiong A, Moraga I, Horton TM, Glenn JS, de Jong YP, Rice CM, Garcia KC. The IFN-λ-IFN-λR1-IL-10Rβ Complex Reveals Structural Features Underlying Type III IFN Functional Plasticity. Immunity 2017; 46:379-392. [PMID: 28329704 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λs) signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of the IFN-λR1 subunit, specific for IFN-λs, and interleukin-10Rβ (IL-10Rβ), which is shared by multiple cytokines in the IL-10 superfamily. Low affinity of IL-10Rβ for cytokines has impeded efforts aimed at crystallizing cytokine-receptor complexes. We used yeast surface display to engineer a higher-affinity IFN-λ variant, H11, which enabled crystallization of the ternary complex. The structure revealed that IL-10Rβ uses a network of tyrosine residues as hydrophobic anchor points to engage IL-10 family cytokines that present complementary hydrophobic binding patches, explaining its role as both a cross-reactive but cytokine-specific receptor. H11 elicited increased anti-proliferative and antiviral activities in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, engineered higher-affinity type I IFNs did not increase antiviral potency over wild-type type I IFNs. Our findings provide insight into cytokine recognition by the IL-10R family and highlight the plasticity of type III interferon signaling and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William M Schneider
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Koen Vercauteren
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anming Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tim M Horton
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Glenn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ype P de Jong
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Read SA, O'Connor KS, Suppiah V, Ahlenstiel CLE, Obeid S, Cook KM, Cunningham A, Douglas MW, Hogg PJ, Booth D, George J, Ahlenstiel G. Zinc is a potent and specific inhibitor of IFN-λ3 signalling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15245. [PMID: 28513591 PMCID: PMC5442324 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lambda interferons (IFNL, IFN-λ) are pro-inflammatory cytokines important in acute and chronic viral infection. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs8099917 within the IFNL gene locus predict hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance, as well as inflammation and fibrosis progression in viral and non-viral liver disease. The underlying mechanism, however, is not defined. Here we show that the rs12979860 CC genotype correlates with increased hepatic metallothionein expression through increased systemic zinc levels. Zinc interferes with IFN-λ3 binding to IFNL receptor 1 (IFNLR1), resulting in decreased antiviral activity and increased viral replication (HCV, influenza) in vitro. HCV patients with high zinc levels have low hepatocyte antiviral and inflammatory gene expression and high viral loads, confirming the inhibitory role of zinc in vivo. We provide the first evidence that zinc can act as a potent and specific inhibitor of IFN-λ3 signalling and highlight its potential as a target of therapeutic intervention for IFN-λ3-mediated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Read
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kate S. O'Connor
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Vijay Suppiah
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Chantelle L. E. Ahlenstiel
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Obeid
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Kristina M. Cook
- The Centenary Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony Cunningham
- Centre of Virus Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Mark W. Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Philip J. Hogg
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
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Syedbasha M, Egli A. Interferon Lambda: Modulating Immunity in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:119. [PMID: 28293236 PMCID: PMC5328987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon lambdas (IFN-λs; IFNL1-4) modulate immunity in the context of infections and autoimmune diseases, through a network of induced genes. IFN-λs act by binding to the heterodimeric IFN-λ receptor (IFNLR), activating a STAT phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascade. Thereby hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes are induced, which modulate various immune functions via complex forward and feedback loops. When compared to the well-characterized IFN-α signaling cascade, three important differences have been discovered. First, the IFNLR is not ubiquitously expressed: in particular, immune cells show significant variation in the expression levels of and susceptibilities to IFN-λs. Second, the binding affinities of individual IFN-λs to the IFNLR varies greatly and are generally lower compared to the binding affinities of IFN-α to its receptor. Finally, genetic variation in the form of a series of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to genes involved in the IFN-λ signaling cascade has been described and associated with the clinical course and treatment outcomes of hepatitis B and C virus infection. The clinical impact of IFN-λ signaling and the SNP variations may, however, reach far beyond viral hepatitis. Recent publications show important roles for IFN-λs in a broad range of viral infections such as human T-cell leukemia type-1 virus, rotaviruses, and influenza virus. IFN-λ also potentially modulates the course of bacterial colonization and infections as shown for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although the immunological processes involved in controlling viral and bacterial infections are distinct, IFN-λs may interfere at various levels: as an innate immune cytokine with direct antiviral effects; or as a modulator of IFN-α-induced signaling via the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 inhibitory feedback loops. In addition, the modulation of adaptive immune functions via macrophage and dendritic cell polarization, and subsequent priming, activation, and proliferation of pathogen-specific T- and B-cells may also be important elements associated with infectious disease outcomes. This review summarizes the emerging details of the IFN-λ immunobiology in the context of the host immune response and viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammedyaseen Syedbasha
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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The Role of Type III Interferons in Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Therapy. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7232361. [PMID: 28255563 PMCID: PMC5309426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7232361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human interferon (IFN) response is a key innate immune mechanism to fight virus infection. IFNs are host-encoded secreted proteins, which induce IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral properties. Among the three classes of IFNs, type III IFNs, also called IFN lambdas (IFNLs), are an essential component of the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV). In particular, human polymorphisms in IFNL gene loci correlate with hepatitis C disease progression and with treatment response. To date, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly elusive; however it seems clear that viral infection of the liver induces IFNL responses. As IFNL receptors show a more restricted tissue expression than receptors for other classes of IFNs, IFNL treatment has reduced side effects compared to the classical type I IFN treatment. In HCV therapy, however, IFNL will likely not play an important role as highly effective direct acting antivirals (DAA) exist. Here, we will review our current knowledge on IFNL gene expression, protein properties, signaling, ISG induction, and its implications on HCV infection and treatment. Finally, we will discuss the lessons learnt from the HCV and IFNL field for virus infections beyond hepatitis C.
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Zhang D, Wlodawer A, Lubkowski J. Crystal Structure of a Complex of the Intracellular Domain of Interferon λ Receptor 1 (IFNLR1) and the FERM/SH2 Domains of Human JAK1. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4651-4668. [PMID: 27725180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a construct consisting of the FERM and SH2-like domains of the human Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) bound to a fragment of the intracellular domain of the interferon-λ receptor 1 (IFNLR1) has been determined at the nominal resolution of 2.1Å. In this structure, the receptor peptide forms an 85-Å-long extended chain, in which both the previously identified box1 and box2 regions bind simultaneously to the FERM and SH2-like domains of JAK1. Both domains of JAK1 are generally well ordered, with regions not seen in the crystal structure limited to loops located away from the receptor-binding regions. The structure provides a much more complete and accurate picture of the interactions between JAK1 and IFNLR1 than those given in earlier reports, illuminating the molecular basis of the JAK-cytokine receptor association. A glutamate residue adjacent to the box2 region in IFNLR1 mimics the mode of binding of a phosphotyrosine in classical SH2 domains. It was shown here that a deletion of residues within the box1 region of the receptor abolishes stable interactions with JAK1, although it was previously shown that box2 alone is sufficient to stabilize a similar complex of the interferon-α receptor and TYK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Mikulecký P, Zahradník J, Kolenko P, Černý J, Charnavets T, Kolářová L, Nečasová I, Pham PN, Schneider B. Crystal structure of human interferon-γ receptor 2 reveals the structural basis for receptor specificity. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2016; 72:1017-25. [PMID: 27599734 PMCID: PMC5013595 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798316012237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ receptor 2 is a cell-surface receptor that is required for interferon-γ signalling and therefore plays a critical immunoregulatory role in innate and adaptive immunity against viral and also bacterial and protozoal infections. A crystal structure of the extracellular part of human interferon-γ receptor 2 (IFNγR2) was solved by molecular replacement at 1.8 Å resolution. Similar to other class 2 receptors, IFNγR2 has two fibronectin type III domains. The characteristic structural features of IFNγR2 are concentrated in its N-terminal domain: an extensive π-cation motif of stacked residues KWRWRH, a NAG-W-NAG sandwich (where NAG stands for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) and finally a helix formed by residues 78-85, which is unique among class 2 receptors. Mass spectrometry and mutational analyses showed the importance of N-linked glycosylation to the stability of the protein and confirmed the presence of two disulfide bonds. Structure-based bioinformatic analysis revealed independent evolutionary behaviour of both receptor domains and, together with multiple sequence alignment, identified putative binding sites for interferon-γ and receptor 1, the ligands of IFNγR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Mikulecký
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jirí Zahradník
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kolenko
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Černý
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tatsiana Charnavets
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kolářová
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Nečasová
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Phuong Ngoc Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Schneider
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Chen SN, Zhang XW, Li L, Ruan BY, Huang B, Huang WS, Zou PF, Fu JP, Zhao LJ, Li N, Nie P. Evolution of IFN-λ in tetrapod vertebrates and its functional characterization in green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:208-224. [PMID: 27062970 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
IFN-λ (IFNL), i.e. type III IFN genes were found in a conserved gene locus in tetrapod vertebrates. But, a unique locus containing IFNL was found in avian. In turtle and crocodile, IFNL genes were distributed in these two separate loci. As revealed in phylogenetic trees, IFN-λs in these two different loci and other amniotes were grouped into two different clades. The conservation in gene presence and gene locus was also observed for the receptors of IFN-λ, IFN-λR1 and IL-10RB in tetrapods. It is further revealed that in North American green anole lizard Anolis carolinensis, a single IFNL gene was situated collinearly in the conserved locus as in other tetrapods, together with its receptors IFN-λR1 and IL-10RB also identified in this study. The IFN-λ and its receptors were expressed in all examined organs/tissues, and their expression was stimulated following the injection of polyI:polyC. The ISREs in promoter of IFN-λ in lizard were responsible to IRF3 as demonstrated using luciferase report system, and IFN-λ in lizard functioned through the receptors, IFN-λR1 and IL-10RB, as the up-regulation of ISGs was observed in ligand-receptor transfected, and also in recombinant IFN-λ stimulated, cell lines. Taken together, it is concluded that the mechanisms involved in type III IFN ligand-receptor system, and in its signalling pathway and its down-stream genes may be conserved in green anole lizard, and may even be so in tetrapods from xenopus to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xiao Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Bai Ye Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Bei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wen Shu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng Fei Zou
- College of Fisheries, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jian Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Microbial pathogenesis and type III interferons. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 29:45-51. [PMID: 26987613 PMCID: PMC4899229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system possesses a multitude of pathways to sense and respond to microbial pathogens. One such family are the interferons (IFNs), a family of cytokines that are involved in several cellular functions. Type I IFNs are appreciated to be important in several viral and bacterial diseases, while the recently identified type III IFNs (IFNL1, IFNL2, IFNL3, IFNL4) have been studied primarily in the context of viral infection. Viral and bacterial infections however are not mutually exclusive, and often the presence of a viral pathogen increases the pathogenesis of bacterial infection. The role of type III IFN in bacterial and viral-bacterial co-infections has just begun to be explored. In this mini review we discuss type III IFN signaling and its role in microbial pathogenesis with an emphasis on the work that has been conducted with bacterial pathogens.
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Yu D, Zhao M, Dong L, Zhao L, Zou M, Sun H, Zhang M, Liu H, Zou Z. Design and evaluation of novel interferon lambda analogs with enhanced antiviral activity and improved drug attributes. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:163-82. [PMID: 26792983 PMCID: PMC4708225 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s91455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) (also called IFN-λ: IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, and IFN-λ4) are critical players in the defense against viral infection of mucosal epithelial cells, where the activity of type I IFNs is weak, and unlike type I IFNs that are associated with severe and diverse side effects, type III IFNs cause minimal side effects due to the highly restricted expression of their receptors, and thus appear to be promising agents for the treatment and prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal viral infection. However, the antiviral potency of natural type III IFNs is weak compared to type I and, although IFN-λ3 possesses the highest bioactivity among the type III IFNs, IFN-λ1, instead of IFN-λ3, is being developed as a therapeutic drug due to the difficulty to express IFN-λ3 in the prokaryotic expression system. Here, to develop optimal IFN-λ molecules with improved drug attributes, we designed a series of IFN-λ analogs by replacing critical amino acids of IFN-λ1 with the IFN-λ3 counterparts, and vice versa. Four of the designed analogs were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with high yield and were easily purified from inclusion bodies. Interestingly, all four analogs showed potent activity in inducing the expression of the antiviral genes MxA and OAS and two of them, analog-6 and -7, displayed an unexpected high potency that is higher than that of type I IFN (IFN-α2a) in activating the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-luciferase reporter. Importantly, both analog-6 and -7 effectively inhibited replication of hepatitis C virus in Huh-7.5.1 cells, with an IC50 that is comparable to that of IFN-α2a; and consistent with the roles of IFN-λ in mucosal epithelia, both analogs potently inhibited replication of H3N2 influenza A virus in A549 cells. Together, these studies identified two IFN-λ analogs as candidates to be developed as novel antiviral biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Engineering Research Center for Protein Drugs, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwei Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Zou
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hetong Sun
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Prosit Sole Biotechnology, Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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Eberle KC, McGill JL, Reinhardt TA, Sacco RE. Parainfluenza Virus 3 Blocks Antiviral Mediators Downstream of the Interferon Lambda Receptor by Modulating Stat1 Phosphorylation. J Virol 2015; 90:2948-58. [PMID: 26719274 PMCID: PMC4810625 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02502-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parainfluenza viruses are known to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production; however, there is a lack of information regarding the type III IFN response during infection. Type III IFNs signal through a unique heterodimeric receptor, IFN-λR1/interleukin-10R2 (IL-10R2), which is primarily expressed by epithelial cells. Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3) infection is highly restricted to the airway epithelium. We therefore sought to examine type III IFN signaling pathways during PIV-3 infection of epithelial cells. We used three strains of PIV-3: human PIV-3 (HPIV-3), bovine PIV-3 (BPIV-3), and dolphin PIV-1 (Tursiops truncatus PIV-1, or TtPIV-1). Here, we show that message levels of IL-29 are significantly increased during PIV-3 infection, yet downstream antiviral signaling molecules are not upregulated to levels similar to those of the positive control. Furthermore, in Vero cells infected with PIV-3, stimulation with recombinant IL-29/-28A/-28B does not cause upregulation of downstream antiviral molecules, suggesting that PIV-3 interferes with the JAK/STAT pathway downstream of the IFN-λR1/IL-10R2 receptor. We used Western blotting to examine the phosphorylation of Stat1 and Stat2 in Vero cells and the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In Vero cells, we observed reduced phosphorylation of the serine 727 (S727) site on Stat1, while in BEAS-2B cells Stat1 phosphorylation was decreased at the tyrosine 701 (Y701) site during PIV-3 infection. PIV-3 therefore interferes with the phosphorylation of Stat1 downstream of the type III IFN receptor. These data provide new evidence regarding strategies employed by parainfluenza viruses to effectively circumvent respiratory epithelial cell-specific antiviral immunity. IMPORTANCE Parainfluenza virus (PIV) in humans is associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia and can be especially problematic in infants and the elderly. Also seen in cattle, bovine PIV-3 causes respiratory infections in young calves. In addition, PIV-3 is one of a number of pathogens that contribute to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). As their name suggests, interferons (IFNs) are produced by cells to interfere with viral replication. Paramyxoviruses have previously been shown to block production and downstream signaling of type I IFNs. For the first time, it is shown here that PIV-3 can induce protective type III IFNs in epithelial cells, the primary site of PIV-3 infection. However, we found that PIV-3 modulates signaling pathways downstream of the type III IFN receptor to block production of several specific molecules that aid in a productive antiviral response. Importantly, this work expands our understanding of how PIV-3 effectively evades host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C Eberle
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Timothy A Reinhardt
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Randy E Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA Immunobiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Alase AA, El-Sherbiny YM, Vital EM, Tobin DJ, Turner NA, Wittmann M. IFNλ Stimulates MxA Production in Human Dermal Fibroblasts via a MAPK-Dependent STAT1-Independent Mechanism. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2935-2943. [PMID: 26288353 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IFNλ is important for epidermal defense against viruses. It is produced by, and acts on, keratinocytes, whereas fibroblasts were previously considered to be unresponsive to this type III IFN. Herein we report findings revealing cell type-specific differences in IFNλ signaling and function in skin resident cells. In dermal fibroblasts, IFNλ induced the expression of myxovirus protein A (MxA), a potent antiviral factor, but not other IFN signature genes as it does in primary keratinocytes. In contrast to its effect on keratinocytes, IFNλ did not phosphorylate signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 in fibroblasts, but instead activated mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK). Accordingly, inhibition of MAPK activation (p38 and p42/44) blocked the expression of MxA protein in fibroblasts but not in keratinocytes. Functionally, IFNλ inhibited proliferation in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts. Moreover, IFNλ upregulated the expression of Tumor growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-induced collagens in fibroblasts. Taken together, our findings identify primary human dermal fibroblasts as responder cells to IFNλ. Our study shows cutaneous cell type-specific IFN signaling and suggests that IFNλ, although important for epidermal antiviral competence, may also have a regulatory role in the dermal compartment balancing type I IFN-induced inhibition of tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewonuola A Alase
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
| | - Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Neil A Turner
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research (LICAMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Dermatology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Luke's Hospital, Bradford, UK; Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Lu Y, Li L, Chen W, Wu M. Enhanced Anti-Tumor (Anti-Proliferation) Activity of Recombinant Human Interleukin-29 (IL-29) Mutants Using Site-Directed Mutagenesis Method. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1164-75. [PMID: 26277192 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-λ, also known as IL-28A, IL-28B, or IL-29, is a new type III IFN, which shares many functional characteristics with type I IFN (α/β). Currently, IFN-α is used in the treatment of certain forms of cancer with severe adverse effects. Some researches had stated that IFN-λs induced a similar but restricted growth inhibition of tumor cells relative to IFN-α; moreover, mutations of IFN-λs could strongly impact its biological properties. In this study, three hIL-29 mutants (K33R, R35K, and K33R/R35K) were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, which have considerable abilities to inhibit the growth of BEL-7402, HCT-8, and SGC-7901 tumor cells in vitro. The results showed that these mutants (K33R, R35K, and K33R/R35K) exhibited a significantly enhanced anti-proliferation activity against these tumor cells, compared with native hIL-29 in vitro. Further assay in vitro indicated that superior to K33R and R35K, K33R/R35K had a significant increase in anti-tumor activity compared with IFN-α2b, which suggested that the K33R/R35K could make improvement for the effectiveness of native hIL-29 in clinic and could be used as a potentially powerful candidate for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Liyun Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Minchen Wu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Abstract
When type III interferon (IFN-λ; also known as interleukin-28 [IL-28] and IL-29) was discovered in 2003, its antiviral function was expected to be analogous to that of type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) via the induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although IFN-λ stimulates expression of antiviral ISGs preferentially in cells of epithelial origin, recent studies have defined additional antiviral mechanisms in other cell types and tissues. Viral infection models using mice lacking IFN-λ signaling and SNP associations with human disease have expanded our understanding of the contribution of IFN-λ to the antiviral response at anatomic barriers and the immune response beyond these barriers. In this review, we highlight recent insights into IFN-λ functions, including its ability to restrict virus spread into the brain and to clear chronic viral infections in the gastrointestinal tract. We also discuss how IFN-λ modulates innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmunity, and tumor progression and its possible therapeutic applications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Lazear
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Wack A, Terczyńska-Dyla E, Hartmann R. Guarding the frontiers: the biology of type III interferons. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:802-9. [PMID: 26194286 PMCID: PMC7096991 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) or IFN-λs regulate a similar set of genes as type I IFNs, but whereas type I IFNs act globally, IFN-λs primarily target mucosal epithelial cells and protect them against the frequent viral attacks that are typical for barrier tissues. IFN-λs thereby help to maintain healthy mucosal surfaces through immune protection, without the significant immune-related pathogenic risk associated with type I IFN responses. Type III IFNs also target the human liver, with dual effects: they induce an antiviral state in hepatocytes, but specific IFN-λ4 action impairs the clearance of hepatitis C virus and could influence inflammatory responses. This constitutes a paradox that has yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wack
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Terczyńska-Dyla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Terczyńska-Dyla E, Bibert S, Duong FHT, Krol I, Jørgensen S, Collinet E, Kutalik Z, Aubert V, Cerny A, Kaiser L, Malinverni R, Mangia A, Moradpour D, Müllhaupt B, Negro F, Santoro R, Semela D, Semmo N, Heim MH, Bochud PY, Hartmann R. Reduced IFNλ4 activity is associated with improved HCV clearance and reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5699. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Egli A, Santer DM, O'Shea D, Barakat K, Syedbasha M, Vollmer M, Baluch A, Bhat R, Groenendyk J, Joyce MA, Lisboa LF, Thomas BS, Battegay M, Khanna N, Mueller T, Tyrrell DLJ, Houghton M, Humar A, Kumar D. IL-28B is a key regulator of B- and T-cell vaccine responses against influenza. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004556. [PMID: 25503988 PMCID: PMC4263767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed persons, and vaccination often confers insufficient protection. IL-28B, a member of the interferon (IFN)-λ family, has variable expression due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). While type-I IFNs are well known to modulate adaptive immunity, the impact of IL-28B on B- and T-cell vaccine responses is unclear. Here we demonstrate that the presence of the IL-28B TG/GG genotype (rs8099917, minor-allele) was associated with increased seroconversion following influenza vaccination (OR 1.99 p = 0.038). Also, influenza A (H1N1)-stimulated T- and B-cells from minor-allele carriers showed increased IL-4 production (4-fold) and HLA-DR expression, respectively. In vitro, recombinant IL-28B increased Th1-cytokines (e.g. IFN-γ), and suppressed Th2-cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), H1N1-stimulated B-cell proliferation (reduced 70%), and IgG-production (reduced>70%). Since IL-28B inhibited B-cell responses, we designed antagonistic peptides to block the IL-28 receptor α-subunit (IL28RA). In vitro, these peptides significantly suppressed binding of IFN-λs to IL28RA, increased H1N1-stimulated B-cell activation and IgG-production in samples from healthy volunteers (2-fold) and from transplant patients previously unresponsive to vaccination (1.4-fold). Together, these findings identify IL-28B as a key regulator of the Th1/Th2 balance during influenza vaccination. Blockade of IL28RA offers a novel strategy to augment vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Egli
- Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deanna M. Santer
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daire O'Shea
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Madeleine Vollmer
- Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aliyah Baluch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Bhat
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jody Groenendyk
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A. Joyce
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luiz F. Lisboa
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brad S. Thomas
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D. Lorne J. Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Meager A, Heath A, Dilger P, Zoon K, Wadhwa M. Standardization of human IL-29 (IFN-λ1): establishment of a World Health Organization international reference reagent for IL-29 (IFN-λ1). J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:876-84. [PMID: 24955567 PMCID: PMC4216994 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-29 (IL-29), a helical cytokine with interferon-like activities, is currently being developed as a clinical biotherapeutic to treat chronic hepatitis C infection and some cancers. As such, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized a need for biological standardization of IL-29 and the establishment of an internationally available reference reagent of IL-29. In order to accomplish this, an international collaborative study that evaluates WHO candidate reference reagents of IL-29 was instigated by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) in 2010 and was carried out in the succeeding year. Two preparations of human sequence recombinant IL-29, one expressed in murine NS0 cells and the other in Escherichia coli, were formulated and lyophilized at NIBSC before evaluation in the collaborative study for their suitability to serve as a reference reagent. The preparations were tested by 6 laboratories from 4 countries using in vitro bioassays and also evaluated for thermal stability within the NIBSC laboratory. On the basis of the results of the collaborative study, both preparations, 07/212 (NS0-derived) and 10/176 (E. coli-derived) were judged sufficiently active and stable to serve as a reference reagent. However, since IL-29 produced in E. coli is in development for clinical applications, it was recommended that the preparation coded 10/176 be established as the WHO international reference reagent for human IL-29. This recommendation was accepted, and the IL-29 preparation coded 10/176 was formally established by the WHO ECBS at its meeting in October 2012 as the WHO international reference reagent for IL-29 with an assigned unitage of 5,000 reference units per ampoule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Meager
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Heath
- Biostatistics Section, Technology Development and Infrastructure, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Dilger
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Zoon
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Laidlaw SM, Dustin LB. Interferon lambda: opportunities, risks, and uncertainties in the fight against HCV. Front Immunol 2014; 5:545. [PMID: 25400636 PMCID: PMC4215632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is key to the fight against the daily onslaught from viruses that our bodies are subjected to. Essential to this response are the interferons (IFNs) that prime our cells to block viral pathogens. Recent evidence suggests that the Type III (λ) IFNs are intimately associated with the immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms within the IFN-λ gene locus that correlate with response to IFNα-based antiviral therapy and with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. The mechanisms for these correlations are incompletely understood. Restricted expression of the IFN-λ receptor, and the ability of IFN-λ to induce IFN-stimulated genes in HCV-infected cells, suggest potential roles for IFN-λ in HCV therapy even in this era of directly acting antivirals. This review summarizes our current understanding of the IFN-λ family and the role of λ IFNs in the natural history of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Laidlaw
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Yao Q, Fischer KP, Arnesen K, Tyrrell DL, Gutfreund KS. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of Pekin duck interferon-λ. Gene 2014; 548:29-38. [PMID: 24992029 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are the first line of defense against viral infections in vertebrates. Type III interferon (IFN-λ) is recognized for its key role in innate immunity of tissues of epithelial origin. Here we describe the identification of the Pekin duck IFN-λ ortholog (duIFN-λ). The predicted duIFN-λ protein has an amino acid identity of 63%, 38%, 37% and 33% with chicken IFN-λ and human IFN-λ3, IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ1, respectively. The duck genome contains a single IFN-λ gene that is comprised of five exons and four introns. Recombinant duIFN-λ up-regulated OASL and Mx-1 mRNA in primary duck hepatocytes. Our observations suggest evolutionary conservation of genomic organization and structural features implicated in receptor binding and antiviral activity. The identification and expression of duIFN-λ will facilitate further study of the role of type III IFN in antiviral defense and inflammatory responses of the Pekin duck, a non-mammalian vertebrate and pathogen host with relevance for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Yao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karl P Fischer
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karina Arnesen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Klaus S Gutfreund
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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49
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Egli A, Levin A, Santer DM, Joyce M, O'Shea D, Thomas BS, Lisboa LF, Barakat K, Bhat R, Fischer KP, Houghton M, Tyrrell DL, Kumar D, Humar A. Immunomodulatory Function of Interleukin 28B during primary infection with cytomegalovirus. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:717-27. [PMID: 24620020 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feedback mechanisms between interferons α and λ (IFNs) may be affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in interleukin 28B (IL-28B; IFN-λ3) promoter region and may influence cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication. METHODS We associated IL-28B SNPs with the risk of CMV replication after transplantation. Next, we examined the effect of IL-28B genotypes on IL-28B, and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, and CMV replication in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Transplant recipients with an IL-28B SNP (rs8099917) had significantly less CMV replication (P = .036). Both HFF-cells and PBMCs with a SNP showed lower IL-28B expression during infection with CMV, but higher "antiviral" ISG expression (eg, OAS1). Fibroblasts with a SNP had a 3-log reduction of CMV replication at day 4 (P = .004). IL-28B pretreatment induced ISG expression in noninfected fibroblasts, but a relative decrease of ISG expression could be observed in CMV-infected fibroblasts. The inhibitory effects of IL-28B could be abolished by siRNA or antagonistic peptides against the IL-28 receptor. In fibroblasts, inhibition of IL-28 signaling resulted in an increase of ISG expression and 3-log reduction of CMV-replication (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS We postulate that IL-28B may act as a key regulator of ISG expression during primary CMV infection. IL-28B SNPs may be associated with higher antiviral ISG expression, which results in better replication control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Egli
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Infection Biology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aviad Levin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Joyce
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daire O'Shea
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brad S Thomas
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luiz F Lisboa
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Fayoum University, Egypt
| | - Rakesh Bhat
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karl P Fischer
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Department of Medicine and Multi-organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Egli A, Santer DM, O'Shea D, Tyrrell DL, Houghton M. The impact of the interferon-lambda family on the innate and adaptive immune response to viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2014; 3:e51. [PMID: 26038748 PMCID: PMC4126180 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type-III interferons (IFN-λ, IFNL) are the most recently described family of IFNs. This family of innate cytokines are increasingly being ascribed pivotal roles in host-pathogen interactions. Herein, we will review the accumulating evidence detailing the immune biology of IFNL during viral infection, and the implications of this novel information on means to advance the development of therapies and vaccines against existing and emerging pathogens. IFNLs exert antiviral effects via induction of IFN-stimulated genes. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFNL3, IFNL4 and the IFNL receptor α-subunit genes have been strongly associated with IFN-α-based treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The clinical impact of these SNPs may be dependent on the status of viral infection (acute or chronic) and the potential to develop viral resistance. Another important function of IFNLs is macrophage and dendritic cell polarization, which prime helper T-cell activation and proliferation. It has been demonstrated that IFNL increase Th1- and reduce Th2-cytokines. Therefore, can such SNPs affect the IFNL signaling and thereby modulate the Th1/Th2 balance during infection? In turn, this may influence the subsequent priming of cytotoxic T cells versus antibody-secreting B cells, with implications for the breadth and durability of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Egli
- Infection Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel , 4031 Basel, Switzerland ; Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Basel , 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deanna M Santer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Daire O'Shea
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada ; Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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