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Martin EB, Stuckey A, Powell D, Lands R, Whittle B, Wooliver C, Macy S, Foster JS, Guthrie S, Kennel SJ, Wall JS. Clinical Confirmation of Pan-Amyloid Reactivity of Radioiodinated Peptide 124I-p5+14 (AT-01) in Patients with Diverse Types of Systemic Amyloidosis Demonstrated by PET/CT Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:629. [PMID: 37111386 PMCID: PMC10144944 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There are at least 20 distinct types of systemic amyloidosis, all of which result in the organ-compromising accumulation of extracellular amyloid deposits. Amyloidosis is challenging to diagnose due to the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation, yet early detection is critical for favorable patient outcomes. The ability to non-invasively and quantitatively detect amyloid throughout the body, even in at-risk populations, before clinical manifestation would be invaluable. To this end, a pan-amyloid-reactive peptide, p5+14, has been developed that is capable of binding all types of amyloid. Herein, we demonstrate the ex vivo pan-amyloid reactivity of p5+14 by using peptide histochemistry on animal and human tissue sections containing various types of amyloid. Furthermore, we present clinical evidence of pan-amyloid binding using iodine-124-labeled p5+14 in a cohort of patients with eight (n = 8) different types of systemic amyloidosis. These patients underwent PET/CT imaging as part of the first-in-human Phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating this radiotracer (NCT03678259). The uptake of 124I-p5+14 was observed in abdominothoracic organs in patients with all types of amyloidosis evaluated and was consistent with the disease distribution described in the medical record and literature reports. On the other hand, the distribution in healthy subjects was consistent with radiotracer catabolism and clearance. The early and accurate diagnosis of amyloidosis remains challenging. These data support the utility of 124I-p5+14 for the diagnosis of varied types of systemic amyloidosis by PET/CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Alan Stuckey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Dustin Powell
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Ronald Lands
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Bryan Whittle
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Sallie Macy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
| | - James S. Foster
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
| | | | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
| | - Jonathan S. Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA (J.S.F.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.W.)
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Bigi A, Loffredo G, Cascella R, Cecchi C. Targeting Pathological Amyloid Aggregates with Conformation-Sensitive Antibodies. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:722-734. [PMID: 33167834 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201109093848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not directly caused by the presence of senile plaques but rather by the detrimental effects exerted on neuronal cells by toxic soluble oligomers. Such species are formed early during the aggregation process of the Aβ1-42 peptide or can be released from mature fibrils. Nowadays, efficient tools for an early diagnosis, as well as pharmaceutical treatments targeting the harmful agents in samples of AD patients, are still missing. OBJECTIVE By integrating in vitro immunochemical assay with in vivo neuronal models of toxicity, we aim to understand and target the principles that drive toxicity in AD. METHODS We evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of A11 and OC conformational antibodies to target a range of pathologically relevant amyloid conformers and rescue their cytotoxic effects in neuronal culture models using a number of cellular readouts. RESULTS We demonstrated the peculiar ability of conformational antibodies to label pathologically relevant Aβ1-42 oligomers and fibrils and to prevent their detrimental effects on neuronal cells. CONCLUSION Our results substantially improve our knowledge on the role of toxic assemblies in neurodegenerative diseases, thus suggesting new and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Gilda Loffredo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
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Bifunctional amyloid-reactive peptide promotes binding of antibody 11-1F4 to diverse amyloid types and enhances therapeutic efficacy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10839-E10848. [PMID: 30377267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805515115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a malignant pathology associated with the formation of proteinaceous amyloid fibrils that deposit in organs and tissues, leading to dysfunction and severe morbidity. More than 25 proteins have been identified as components of amyloid, but the most common form of systemic amyloidosis is associated with the deposition of amyloid composed of Ig light chains (AL). Clinical management of amyloidosis focuses on reducing synthesis of the amyloid precursor protein. However, recently, passive immunotherapy using amyloid fibril-reactive antibodies, such as 11-1F4, to remove amyloid from organs has been shown to be effective at restoring organ function in patients with AL amyloidosis. However, 11-1F4 does not bind amyloid in all AL patients, as evidenced by PET/CT imaging, nor does it efficiently bind the many other forms of amyloid. To enhance the reactivity and expand the utility of the 11-1F4 mAb as an amyloid immunotherapeutic, we have developed a pretargeting "peptope" comprising a multiamyloid-reactive peptide, p5+14, fused to a high-affinity peptide epitope recognized by 11-1F4. The peptope, known as p66, bound the 11-1F4 mAb in vitro with subnanomolar efficiency, exhibited multiamyloid reactivity in vitro and, using tissue biodistribution and SPECT imaging, colocalized with amyloid deposits in a mouse model of systemic serum amyloid A amyloidosis. Pretreatment with the peptope induced 11-1F4 mAb accumulation in serum amyloid A deposits in vivo and enhanced 11-1F4-mediated dissolution of a human AL amyloid extract implanted in mice.
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Zhang M, Zheng J, Nussinov R, Ma B. Molecular Recognition between Aβ-Specific Single-Domain Antibody and Aβ Misfolded Aggregates. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7030025. [PMID: 31544877 PMCID: PMC6640678 DOI: 10.3390/antib7030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ is the toxic amyloid polypeptide responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prevention and elimination of the Aβ misfolded aggregates are the promising therapeutic strategies for the AD treatments. Gammabody, the Aβ-Specific Single-domain (VH) antibody, recognizes Aβ aggregates with high affinity and specificity and reduces their toxicities. Employing the molecular dynamics simulations, we studied diverse gammabody-Aβ recognition complexes to get insights into their structural and dynamic properties and gammabody-Aβ recognitions. Among many heterogeneous binding modes, we focused on two gammabody-Aβ recognition scenarios: recognition through Aβ β-sheet backbone and on sidechain surface. We found that the gammabody primarily uses the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) loop with the grafted Aβ sequence to interact with the Aβ fibril, while CDR1/CDR2 loops have very little contact. The gammabody-Aβ complexes with backbone binding mode are more stable, explaining the gammabody's specificity towards the C-terminal Aβ sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Buyong Ma
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Tiller KE, Li L, Kumar S, Julian MC, Garde S, Tessier PM. Arginine mutations in antibody complementarity-determining regions display context-dependent affinity/specificity trade-offs. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16638-16652. [PMID: 28778924 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies commonly accumulate charged mutations in their complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) during affinity maturation to enhance electrostatic interactions. However, charged mutations can mediate non-specific interactions, and it is unclear to what extent CDRs can accumulate charged residues to increase antibody affinity without compromising specificity. This is especially concerning for positively charged CDR mutations that are linked to antibody polyspecificity. To better understand antibody affinity/specificity trade-offs, we have selected single-chain antibody fragments specific for the negatively charged and hydrophobic Alzheimer's amyloid β peptide using weak and stringent selections for antibody specificity. Antibody variants isolated using weak selections for specificity were enriched in arginine CDR mutations and displayed low specificity. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that the affinities of these antibodies were strongly dependent on their arginine mutations. Antibody variants isolated using stringent selections for specificity were also enriched in arginine CDR mutations, but these antibodies possessed significant improvements in specificity. Importantly, the affinities of the most specific antibodies were much less dependent on their arginine mutations, suggesting that over-reliance on arginine for affinity leads to reduced specificity. Structural modeling and molecular simulations reveal unique hydrophobic environments near the arginine CDR mutations. The more specific antibodies contained arginine mutations in the most hydrophobic portions of the CDRs, whereas the less specific antibodies contained arginine mutations in more hydrophilic regions. These findings demonstrate that arginine mutations in antibody CDRs display context-dependent impacts on specificity and that affinity/specificity trade-offs are governed by the relative contribution of arginine CDR residues to the overall antibody affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Tiller
- From the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180 and
| | - Lijuan Li
- From the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180 and
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
| | - Mark C Julian
- From the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180 and
| | - Shekhar Garde
- From the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180 and
| | - Peter M Tessier
- From the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180 and
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Ma B, Zhao J, Nussinov R. Conformational selection in amyloid-based immunotherapy: Survey of crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1860:2672-81. [PMID: 27266343 PMCID: PMC5610039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dominant feature in neurodegenerative diseases is protein aggregations that lead to neuronal loss. Immunotherapies using antibodies or antibody fragments to target the aggregations are a highly perused approach. The molecular mechanisms underlying the amyloid-based immunotherapy are complex. Deciphering the properties of amyloidogenic proteins responsible for these diseases is essential to obtain insights into antibody recognition of the amyloid antigens. SCOPE OF REVIEW We systematically explore all available crystal structures of antibody-amyloid complexes related to neurodegenerative diseases, including antibodies that recognize the Aβ peptide, tau protein, prion protein, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin protein (mHTT), and polyglutamine. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We found that antibodies mostly use the conformational selection mechanism to recognize the highly flexible amyloid antigens. In particular, solanezumab bound to Aβ12-28 tripeptide motif conformation (F19F20A21), which is shared with the Aβ42 fibril. This motif, which is trapped by the antibody, may provide the missing link in amyloid formation. Water molecules often bridge between the antibody and amyloid, contributing to the recognition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This paper provides the structural basis for antibody recognition of amyloidogenic proteins. The analysis and discussion of known structures are expected to help in the design and optimization of antibodies in neurodegenerative diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Sackler Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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7
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Kennel SJ, Williams A, Stuckey A, Richey T, Wooliver C, Chazin W, Stern DA, Martin EB, Wall JS. The pattern recognition reagents RAGE VC1 and peptide p5 share common binding sites and exhibit specific reactivity with AA amyloid in mice. Amyloid 2016; 23:8-16. [PMID: 26701064 PMCID: PMC4832564 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2015.1112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the US, there remains a need to develop a clinical method for imaging amyloid load in patients with systemic, visceral amyloidosis. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which exists as a transmembrane receptor and soluble variant, is found associated with a number of amyloid deposits in man. It is unclear whether amyloid-associated RAGE is the membrane or soluble form; however, given the affinity of RAGE for amyloid, we have examined the ability of soluble RAGE VC1 to specifically localize with systemic AA amyloid in mice. We further compared the reactivity of RAGE VC1 with that of the synthetic, amyloid-reactive peptide p5. METHODS Binding of radiolabeled RAGE VC1 and p5 to synthetic amyloid fibrils was evaluated using in vitro "pulldown" assays in the presence or absence of RAGE ligands. Radioiodinated RAGE VC1 and technetium-99 m-labeled p5 were studied in mice with systemic AA amyloidosis using dual-energy SPECT/CT imaging, biodistribution and microautoradiography. RESULTS Soluble RAGE VC1 competed with radioiodinated peptide p5 for binding to rVλ6Wil, Aβ (1-40) and IAPP fibrils but not with the higher affinity peptide, p5R. Pre-incubation with AGE-BSA abrogated binding of VC1 and p5 to rVλ6Wil fibrils. Dual-energy SPECT/CT images and quantitative tissue biodistribution data showed that soluble RAGE VC1 specifically bound AA amyloid-laden organs in mice as effectively as peptide p5. Furthermore, microautoradiography confirmed that RAGE VC1 bound specifically to areas of Congo red-positive amyloid in mouse tissues but not in comparable tissues from control WT mice. CONCLUSION Soluble RAGE VC1 and peptide p5 have similar ligand binding properties and specifically localize with visceral AA amyloid deposits in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kennel
- a Department of Medicine and.,b Department of Radiology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | | | - Alan Stuckey
- b Department of Radiology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
| | | | | | - Walter Chazin
- c Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry , Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA , and
| | - David A Stern
- d Department of Medicine , University of Tennessee School of Medicine , Memphis , TN , USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Wall
- a Department of Medicine and.,b Department of Radiology , University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine , Knoxville , TN , USA
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8
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Wall JS, Martin EB, Richey T, Stuckey AC, Macy S, Wooliver C, Williams A, Foster JS, McWilliams-Koeppen P, Uberbacher E, Cheng X, Kennel SJ. Preclinical Validation of the Heparin-Reactive Peptide p5+14 as a Molecular Imaging Agent for Visceral Amyloidosis. Molecules 2015; 20:7657-82. [PMID: 25923515 PMCID: PMC4442108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid is a complex pathologic matrix comprised principally of paracrystalline protein fibrils and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Systemic amyloid diseases are rare, thus, routine diagnosis is often challenging. The glycosaminoglycans ubiquitously present in amyloid deposits are biochemically and electrochemically distinct from those found in the healthy tissues due to the high degree of sulfation. We have exploited this unique property and evaluated heparin-reactive peptides, such as p5+14, as novel agents for specifically targeting and imaging amyloid. Herein, we demonstrate that radiolabeled p5+14 effectively bound murine AA amyloid in vivo by using molecular imaging. Biotinylated peptide also reacted with the major forms of human amyloid in tissue sections as evidenced immunohistochemically. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the peptide also binds synthetic amyloid fibrils that lack glycosaminoglycans implying that the dense anionic motif present on heparin is mimicked by the amyloid protein fibril itself. These biochemical and functional data support the translation of radiolabeled peptide p5+14 for the clinical imaging of amyloid in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Emily B Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Tina Richey
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Alan C Stuckey
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Sallie Macy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Craig Wooliver
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - James S Foster
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Penney McWilliams-Koeppen
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Ed Uberbacher
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Stephen J Kennel
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
- Department of and Radiology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
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Breydo L, Morgan D, Uversky VN. Pseudocatalytic Antiaggregation Activity of Antibodies: Immunoglobulins can Influence α-Synuclein Aggregation at Substoichiometric Concentrations. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1949-1958. [PMID: 25833100 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is involved in a variety of diseases. Alteration of the aggregation pathway, either to produce less toxic structures or to increase aggregate clearance, is a promising therapeutic route. Both active and passive immunization has been used for this purpose. However, the mechanism of action of antibodies on protein aggregates is not completely clear especially given poor ability of antibodies to cross blood-brain barrier. Here, we have shown that antibodies can interfere with protein aggregation at substoichiometric concentrations (as low as 1:1000 antibody to protein ratio). This is an indication that antibodies interact with aggregation intermediates in chaperone-like manner altering the aggregation pathways at very low antibody levels. This observation supports earlier suggestions that antibodies can inhibit aggregation by interaction with low abundance aggregation intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Breydo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290.
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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Structural characterization of amyloid fibrils from the human parathyroid hormone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:249-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Pain C, Dumont J, Dumoulin M. Camelid single-domain antibody fragments: Uses and prospects to investigate protein misfolding and aggregation, and to treat diseases associated with these phenomena. Biochimie 2015; 111:82-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Babu E, Muthu Mareeswaran P, Sathish V, Singaravadivel S, Rajagopal S. Sensing and inhibition of amyloid-β based on the simple luminescent aptamer-ruthenium complex system. Talanta 2014; 134:348-353. [PMID: 25618678 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide has been known to be pathologically associated with Alzheimer and dementia diseases. Amyloid-β fibrils serve as an important target for the drugs development and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report a new [Ru(dmbpy)(dcbpy)dppz)] complex (dmbpy; 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, dcbpy; 4,4'-dicorboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, dppz; dipyridophenazine) intercalated aptamer based recognition of amyloid-β. Interestingly, aforementioned Ru(II) complex shows weak luminescence intensity in the aqueous medium but it shows strong luminescence intensity in the presence of RNA aptamer. Upon addition of amyloid-β monomers, the luminescence intensity of Ru(II) complex is reduced due to the strong interaction of aptamer with amyloid-β monomer/small oligomers. Furthermore, present study implies that our system has ability to inhibit the formation of amyloid-β fibrils, which is confirmed from the AFM morphological structures in the absence and presence of aptamer. This work may contribute the rapid diagnosis and inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation in the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eththilu Babu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, VV College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvilai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India; Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Veerasamy Sathish
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physical Science, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathiyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Singaravadivel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seenivasan Rajagopal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Haupt C, Fändrich M. Biotechnologically engineered protein binders for applications in amyloid diseases. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:513-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wacker J, Rönicke R, Westermann M, Wulff M, Reymann KG, Dobson CM, Horn U, Crowther DC, Luheshi LM, Fändrich M. Oligomer-targeting with a conformational antibody fragment promotes toxicity in Aβ-expressing flies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:43. [PMID: 24725347 PMCID: PMC4029271 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The self-assembly of Aβ peptides into a range of conformationally heterogeneous amyloid states represents a fundamental event in Alzheimer’s disease. Within these structures oligomeric intermediates are considered to be particularly pathogenic. To test this hypothesis we have used a conformational targeting approach where particular conformational states, such as oligomers or fibrils, are recognized in vivo by state-specific antibody fragments. Results We show that oligomer targeting with the KW1 antibody fragment, but not fibril targeting with the B10 antibody fragment, affects toxicity in Aβ-expressing Drosophila melanogaster. The effect of KW1 is observed to occur selectively with flies expressing Aβ(1–40) and not with those expressing Aβ(1–42) or the arctic variant of Aβ(1–42) This finding is consistent with the binding preference of KW1 for Aβ(1–40) oligomers that has been established in vitro. Strikingly, and in contrast to the previously demonstrated in vitro ability of this antibody fragment to block oligomeric toxicity in long-term potentiation measurements, KW1 promotes toxicity in the flies rather than preventing it. This result shows the crucial importance of the environment in determining the influence of antibody binding on the nature and consequences of the protein misfolding and aggregation. Conclusions While our data support to the pathological relevance of oligomers, they highlight the issues to be addressed when developing inhibitory strategies that aim to neutralize these states by means of antagonistic binding agents.
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15
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Brännström K, Lindhagen-Persson M, Gharibyan AL, Iakovleva I, Vestling M, Sellin ME, Brännström T, Morozova-Roche L, Forsgren L, Olofsson A. A generic method for design of oligomer-specific antibodies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90857. [PMID: 24618582 PMCID: PMC3949727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that preferentially and specifically target pathological oligomeric protein and peptide assemblies, as opposed to their monomeric and amyloid counterparts, provide therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for protein misfolding diseases. Unfortunately, the molecular properties associated with oligomer-specific antibodies are not well understood, and this limits targeted design and development. We present here a generic method that enables the design and optimisation of oligomer-specific antibodies. The method takes a two-step approach where discrimination between oligomers and fibrils is first accomplished through identification of cryptic epitopes exclusively buried within the structure of the fibrillar form. The second step discriminates between monomers and oligomers based on differences in avidity. We show here that a simple divalent mode of interaction, as within e.g. the IgG isotype, can increase the binding strength of the antibody up to 1500 times compared to its monovalent counterpart. We expose how the ability to bind oligomers is affected by the monovalent affinity and the turnover rate of the binding and, importantly, also how oligomer specificity is only valid within a specific concentration range. We provide an example of the method by creating and characterising a spectrum of different monoclonal antibodies against both the Aβ peptide and α-synuclein that are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively. The approach is however generic, does not require identification of oligomer-specific architectures, and is, in essence, applicable to all polypeptides that form oligomeric and fibrillar assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna L. Gharibyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Monika Vestling
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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16
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Bolognesi B, Cohen SIA, Aran Terol P, Esbjörner EK, Giorgetti S, Mossuto MF, Natalello A, Brorsson AC, Knowles TPJ, Dobson CM, Luheshi LM. Single point mutations induce a switch in the molecular mechanism of the aggregation of the Alzheimer's disease associated Aβ42 peptide. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:378-82. [PMID: 24199868 DOI: 10.1021/cb400616y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Single point mutations in the Alzheimer's disease associated Aβ42 peptide are found to alter significantly its neurotoxic properties in vivo and have been associated with early onset forms of this devastating condition. We show that such mutations can induce structural changes in Aβ42 fibrils and are associated with a dramatic switch in the fibril-dependent mechanism by which Aβ42 aggregates. These observations reveal how subtle perturbations to the physicochemical properties of the Aβ peptide, and the structural properties of fibrils that it forms, can have profound effects on the mechanism of its aggregation and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bolognesi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel I. A. Cohen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Aran Terol
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Giorgetti
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Natalello
- Department
of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Pizza
della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ann-Christin Brorsson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Leila M. Luheshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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17
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Beringer DX, Fischer MJE, Meeldijk JD, van Donselaar EG, de Mol NJ, Kroon-Batenburg LMJ. Tissue-type plasminogen activator binds to Aβ and AIAPP amyloid fibrils with multiple domains. Amyloid 2013; 20:113-21. [PMID: 23697555 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.791810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to amyloid and denatured proteins is reported in a number of studies. The binding site has been mapped previously to the finger domain of tPA. In this study, tPA and truncated tPA constructs, lacking the finger domain, were tested for their ability to bind to Aβ and AIAPP amyloid-like fibrils. Surface plasmon resonance experiments and pull-down assays clearly show that indeed tPA binds, but that the finger domain is not essential. Another possible binding mechanism via the lysine binding site on the kringle 2 domain was also not crucial for the binding. Immuno-electron microscopy studies show that tPA binds to fibril sides. This study shows that, besides the finger domain, other domains in tPA are involved in amyloid binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis X Beringer
- Department of Chemistry, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Peptide p5 binds both heparinase-sensitive glycosaminoglycans and fibrils in patient-derived AL amyloid extracts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:85-9. [PMID: 23707811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In previously published work, we have described heparin-binding synthetic peptides that preferentially recognize amyloid deposits in a mouse model of reactive systemic (AA) amyloidosis and can be imaged by using positron and single photon emission tomographic imaging. We wanted to extend these findings to the most common form of visceral amyloidosis, namely light chain (AL); however, there are no robust experimental animal models of AL amyloidosis. To further define the binding of the lead peptide, p5, to AL amyloid, we characterized the reactivity in vitro of p5 with in situ and patient-derived AL amyloid extracts which contain both hypersulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycans as well as amyloid fibrils. Histochemical staining demonstrated that the peptide specifically localized with tissue-associated AL amyloid deposits. Although we anticipated that p5 would undergo electrostatic interactions with the amyloid-associated glycosaminoglycans expressing heparin-like side chains, no significant correlation between peptide binding and glycosaminoglycan content within amyloid extracts was observed. In contrast, following heparinase I treatment, although overall binding was reduced, a positive correlation between peptide binding and amyloid fibril content became evident. This interaction was further confirmed using synthetic light chain fibrils that contain no carbohydrates. These data suggest that p5 can bind to both the sulfated glycosaminoglycans and protein fibril components of AL amyloid. Understanding these complex electrostatic interactions will aid in the optimization of synthetic peptides for use as amyloid imaging agents and potentially as therapeutics for the treatment of amyloid diseases.
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19
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González I, Romero J, Rodríguez BL, Pérez-Castro R, Rojas A. The immunobiology of the receptor of advanced glycation end-products: trends and challenges. Immunobiology 2013. [PMID: 23182709 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors have been highly conserved in evolution. They recognize danger signals including both pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns, also known as alarmins. Several signaling pathways leading to an inflammatory reaction as part of an effective defensive response, are thus triggered. RAGE, a receptor initially considered for advanced glycation end-products, is also known to be activated by several danger signals, thus functioning as a pattern-recognition receptor. As a new member of this family, attempts to unraveling its functioning show that RAGE activation not only results in innate immune response but also contributes to promote and shape the acquired immune reaction. As reported for other members of the family, RAGE presents many polymorphic variants and additional studies are needed to elucidate its significance in immune response and disease susceptibility. Here we describe recent advances unraveling RAGE functions, as well as its significance and challenges in immunobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, 3605 San Miguel Ave., Talca, Chile
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20
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Beringer DX, Kroon-Batenburg LMJ. The structure of the FnI-EGF-like tandem domain of coagulation factor XII solved using SIRAS. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:94-102. [PMID: 23385745 PMCID: PMC3564606 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coagulation factor XII (FXII) is a key protein in the intrinsic coagulation and kallikrein-kinin pathways. It has been found that negative surfaces and amyloids, such as Aβ fibrils, can activate FXII. Additionally, it has been suggested that FXII simulates cells and that it plays an important role in thrombosis. To date, no structural data on FXII have been deposited, which makes it difficult to support any hypothesis on the mechanism of FXII function. The crystal structure of the FnI-EGF-like tandem domain of FXII presented here was solved using experimental phases. To determine the phases, a SIRAS approach was used with a native and a holmium chloride-soaked data set. The holmium cluster was coordinated by the C-terminal tails of two symmetry-related molecules. Another observation was that the FnI domain was much more ordered than the EGF-like domain owing to crystal packing. Furthermore, the structure shows the same domain orientation as the homologous FnI-EGF-like tandem domain of tPA. The plausibility of several proposed interactions of these domains of FXII is discussed. Based on this FXII FnI-EGF-like structure, it could be possible that FXII binding to amyloid and negatively charged surfaces is mediated via this part of FXII.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. X. Beringer
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. M. J. Kroon-Batenburg
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Wall JS, Kennel SJ, Williams A, Richey T, Stuckey A, Huang Y, Macy S, Donnell R, Barbour R, Seubert P, Schenk D. AL amyloid imaging and therapy with a monoclonal antibody to a cryptic epitope on amyloid fibrils. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52686. [PMID: 23300743 PMCID: PMC3530443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody 2A4 binds an epitope derived from a cleavage site of serum amyloid protein A (sAA) containing a -Glu-Asp- amino acid pairing. In addition to its reactivity with sAA amyloid deposits, the antibody was also found to bind amyloid fibrils composed of immunoglobulin light chains. The antibody binds to synthetic fibrils and human light chain (AL) amyloid extracts with high affinity even in the presence of soluble light chain proteins. Immunohistochemistry with biotinylated 2A4 demonstrated positive reaction with ALκ and ALλ human amyloid deposits in various organs. Surface plasmon resonance analyses using synthetic AL fibrils as a substrate revealed that 2A4 bound with a KD of ∼10 nM. Binding was inhibited in the presence of the –Glu-Asp- containing immunogen peptide. Radiolabeled 2A4 specifically localized with human AL amyloid extracts implanted in mice (amyloidomas) as evidenced by single photon emission (SPECT) imaging. Furthermore, co-localization of the radiolabeled mAb with amyloid was shown in biodistribution and micro-autoradiography studies. Treatment with 2A4 expedited regression of ALκ amyloidomas in mice, likely mediated by the action of macrophages and neutrophils, relative to animals that received a control antibody. These data indicate that the 2A4 mAb might be of interest for potential imaging and immunotherapy in patients with AL amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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22
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Arai H, Glabe C, Luecke H. Crystal structure of a conformation-dependent rabbit IgG Fab specific for amyloid prefibrillar oligomers. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1908-14. [PMID: 22940003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rabbit antibodies are widely used in research, no structures of rabbit antigen-binding fragments (Fab) have been reported. M204 is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that recognizes a generic epitope that is common to prefibrillar amyloid oligomers formed from many different amyloidogenic sequences. Amyloid oligomers are widely suspected to be a primary causative agent of pathogenesis in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. The detailed structure of these amyloid oligomers is not known nor is the mechanism for the recognition of the generic epitope by conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies. METHOD As a first approach to understanding the mechanism of conformation-dependent antibody recognition, we have crystallized the Fab of M204. RESULTS We have determined the structure of the Fab of M204 at 1.54Å resolution. The crystal structure reveals details of the M204 antigen combining site and features unique to rabbit Fabs such as an interdomain disulfide bond on its light chain. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Based on the structural features of the antigen-combining site of the M204, we rule out a "steric zipper" formation, as found in numerous amyloid fibril structures, as a mechanism of antibody-antigen recognition. The details of the first rabbit immunoglobulin Fab structure might also be useful for exploiting the potential of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for the development of humanized rabbit antibodies as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Arai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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23
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Molecular basis of β-amyloid oligomer recognition with a conformational antibody fragment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12503-8. [PMID: 22814377 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206433109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomers are intermediates of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide fibrillogenic pathway and are putative pathogenic culprits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report the biotechnological generation and biochemical characterization of an oligomer-specific antibody fragment, KW1. KW1 not only discriminates between oligomers and other Aβ conformations, such as fibrils or disaggregated peptide; it also differentiates between different types of Aβ oligomers, such as those formed by Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) peptide. This high selectivity of binding contrasts sharply with many other conformational antibodies that interact with a large number of structurally analogous but sequentially different antigens. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and peptide array measurements imply that KW1 recognizes oligomers through a hydrophobic and significantly aromatic surface motif that includes Aβ residues 18-20. KW1-positive oligomers occur in human AD brain samples and induce synaptic dysfunctions in living brain tissues. Bivalent KW1 potently neutralizes this effect and interferes with Aβ assembly. By altering a specific step of the fibrillogenic cascade, it prevents the formation of mature Aβ fibrils and induces the accumulation of nonfibrillar aggregates. Our data illuminate significant mechanistic differences in oligomeric and fibril recognition and suggest the considerable potential of KW1 in future studies to detect or inhibit specific types of Aβ conformers.
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Fändrich M. Oligomeric intermediates in amyloid formation: structure determination and mechanisms of toxicity. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:427-40. [PMID: 22248587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oligomeric intermediates are non-fibrillar polypeptide assemblies that occur during amyloid fibril formation and that are thought to underlie the aetiology of amyloid diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Focusing primarily on the oligomeric states formed from Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, this review will make references to other polypeptide systems, highlighting common principles or sequence-specific differences. The covered topics include the structural properties and polymorphism of oligomers, the biophysical mechanism of peptide self-assembly and its role for pathogenicity in amyloid disease. Oligomer-dependent toxicity mechanisms will be explained along with recently emerging possibilities of interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Fändrich
- Max-Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding and Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 22, 01620 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Härd T, Lendel C. Inhibition of amyloid formation. J Mol Biol 2012; 421:441-65. [PMID: 22244855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid is aggregated protein in the form of insoluble fibrils. Amyloid deposition in human tissue-amyloidosis-is associated with a number of diseases including all common dementias and type II diabetes. Considerable progress has been made to understand the mechanisms leading to amyloid formation. It is, however, not yet clear by which mechanisms amyloid and protein aggregates formed on the path to amyloid are cytotoxic. Strategies to prevent protein aggregation and amyloid formation are nevertheless, in many cases, promising and even successful. This review covers research on intervention of amyloidosis and highlights several examples of how inhibition of protein aggregation and amyloid formation has been achieved in practice. For instance, rational design can provide drugs that stabilize a native folded state of a protein, protein engineering can provide new binding proteins that sequester monomeric peptides from aggregation, small molecules and peptides can be designed to block aggregation or direct it into non-cytotoxic paths, and monoclonal antibodies have been developed for therapies towards neurodegenerative diseases based on inhibition of amyloid formation and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torleif Härd
- Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Haupt C, Bereza M, Kumar ST, Kieninger B, Morgado I, Hortschansky P, Fritz G, Röcken C, Horn U, Fändrich M. Pattern Recognition with a Fibril-Specific Antibody Fragment Reveals the Surface Variability of Natural Amyloid Fibrils. J Mol Biol 2011; 408:529-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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