1
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Sharma S, Mishra A, Jain V, Gupta V. Investigating the Influence of Additive Manufacturing and Ultrasonic Coating Parameters on Biopolymeric Scaffold Performance Using Response Surface Methodology. Biopolymers 2024:e23629. [PMID: 39319745 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) scaffolds have gained attention in additive manufacturing due to their unique porous structures, which are useful in biomedical applications. Unlike metallic implants that can cause stress shielding, polymeric scaffolds offer a safer alternative. This study is focused on enhancing the compressive strength of additive-manufactured polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds with a diamond structure. The response surface methodology (RSM)-based experimental design was developed to study the influence of printing parameters. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) process parameters were optimized, achieving a compressive strength of 56.2 MPa. Subsequently, the scaffolds were fabricated at optimized parameters and underwent ultrasonic-assisted polydopamine coating. With the utilization of the RSM approach, the study examined the effects of ultrasonic vibration power, coating solution concentration, and submersion time on compressive strength. The optimal coating conditions led to a maximum compressive strength of 92.77 MPa-a 65.1% improvement over the uncoated scaffold. This enhancement is attributed to the scaffold's porous structure, which enables uniform coating deposition. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirmed the successful polydopamine coating, with 10.64 wt% nitrogen content. These findings demonstrate the potential of ultrasonic-assisted coating in improving the mechanical properties of PLA scaffolds, making them suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrutika Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Abhinav Mishra
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Jain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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2
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Cisneros T, Sevostianov I, Drach B. Elasticity and material anisotropy of lamellar cortical bone in adult bovine tibia characterized via AFM nanoindentation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105992. [PMID: 37393887 PMCID: PMC10467531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The research focuses on the evaluation of the mechanical properties of osteonal cortical bone at the lamellar level. Elastic properties of the mid-diaphysis region of the bovine tibia are investigated via cantilever-based nanoindentation at the submicron length scale utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy, where the force-displacement curves are used for the elastic assessment using the Derjaguin-Muller-Toropov model to calculate indentation modulus. Variations of the modulus and the directional mechanical response of the osteonal bone at different distances from the Haversian canal are investigated. Additionally, the effects of demineralization on the indentation modulus are discussed. It was found that in the axial direction, the first and last untreated thick lamella layers show a significant indentation modulus difference compared to all other layers (4.26 ± 0.4 and 4.6 ± 0.3 GPa vs ∼3.5 GPa). On the other hand, the indentation modulus of transverse thick lamella layers shows a periodic variation between ∼3 ± 0.7 GPa and ∼4 ± 0.3 GPa from near the Haversian canal to near the interstitial bone. A periodic variation in the anisotropy ratio was found. Mineral content was quantified via energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis at different levels of mineralization and shows a positive correlation with the indentation modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cisneros
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Igor Sevostianov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Borys Drach
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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3
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Żochowski P, Cegła M, Berent J, Grygoruk R, Szlązak K, Smędra A. Experimental and numerical study on failure mechanisms of bone simulants subjected to projectile impact. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 39:e3687. [PMID: 36690586 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of the human bones failure mechanisms under projectile impact conditions can be made through performing of a large number of ballistic trials. But the amount of data that can be collected during ballistic experiments is limited due to the high dynamics of the process and its destructive character. Numerical analyses may support experimental methodologies allowing to better understand the principles of the phenomenon. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to create and to verify a numerical model of commercially available synthetic bone material-Synbone®. The model could be used in the future as a supporting tool facilitating forensic studies or designing processes of personal protection systems (helmets, bulletproof vests, etc.). Although Synbone® is commonly used in the ballistic experiments, the literature lacks reliable numerical models of this material. In order to define a numerical model of Synbone®, mechanical experiments characterizing the response of the material to the applied loads in a wide range of strains and strain rates were carried out. Based on the mechanical tests results, an appropriate material model was selected for the Synbone® composite and the values of constants in its equations were determined. Material characterization experiments were subsequently reproduced with numerical simulations and a high correlation of the results was obtained. The final validation of the material model was based on the comparison of the ballistic impact experiments and simulation results. High similarity obtained (relative error lower than 10%) demonstrates that the numerical model of Synbone® material was properly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Cegła
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Zielonka, Poland
| | - Jarosław Berent
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Criminal Proceedings and Forensics, Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Roman Grygoruk
- Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Szlązak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Smędra
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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4
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Xiao X, Liu Z, Shu R, Wang J, Zhu X, Bai D, Lin H. Periodontal bone regeneration with a degradable thermoplastic HA/PLCL bone graft. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:772-786. [PMID: 36444735 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Strategic bone grafts are required to regenerate periodontal bone defects owing to limited self-healing. Current bioceramic particle or deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) products are not able to ideally meet clinical requirements, such as insufficient operability and slow degradation rates. Herein, a strong-interacted bone graft was designed and synthesized by modifying hydroxyapatite (HA) with a lactide-caprolactone copolymer (PLCL) to improve component homogeneity and mechanical properties. The physical-chemical analysis indicated that HA particles were homogenously distributed in HA/PLCL bone grafts, possessed outstanding thermoplasticity, and facilitated clinic operability and initial mechanical support. The in vitro study suggested that HA/PLCL bone graft degraded in a spatiotemporal model. Micropores were formed on the non-porous surface at the beginning, and interconnected porous structures were gradually generated. Furthermore, HA/PLCL bone grafts exhibited excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic ability as revealed in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal experiments. When applied to rat periodontal bone defects, the HA/PLCL bone graft showed a non-inferior bone regeneration compared to the commercial DBB. This study proposes a potential bone graft for periodontal bone repair with thermoplastic, spatiotemporal degraded, and osteogenic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Jiangyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Hai Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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5
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Agnelli J, Colombo M, Morroni M, Bignotti F, Baldi F. Mechanical behaviour of cancellous bone tissues used for the manufacturing of heterologous bone grafts. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2023.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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6
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Zenebe CG. A Review on the Role of Wollastonite Biomaterial in Bone Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4996530. [PMID: 36560965 PMCID: PMC9767726 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4996530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people around the world have bone-tissue defects. Autologous and allogeneic bone grafting are frequent therapeutic techniques; however, none has produced the best therapeutic results. This has inspired researchers to investigate novel bone-regeneration technologies. In recent years, the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds has been at the forefront of this discipline. Due to their limitless supply and lack of disease transmission, engineered bone tissue has been advanced for the repair and reconstruction of bone deformities. Bone tissue is a highly vascularized, dynamic tissue that constantly remodels during an individual's lifetime. Bone tissue engineering is aimed at stimulating the creation of new, functional bone by combining biomaterials, cells, and factor treatment synergistically. This article provides a review of wollastonite's biomaterial application in bone tissue engineering. This work includes an explanation of wollastonite minerals including mining, raw materials for the synthesis of artificial wollastonite with various methods, its biocompatibility, and biomedical applications. Future perspectives are also addressed, along with topics like bone tissue engineering, the qualities optimal bone scaffolds must have, and the way a scaffold is designed can have a big impact on how the body reacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirotaw Getem Zenebe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, P.O. Box: 208, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
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7
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Meissner S, Raos B, Svirskis D. Hydrogels can control the presentation of growth factors and thereby improve their efficacy in tissue engineering. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Shi J, Dai W, Gupta A, Zhang B, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Pan L, Wang L. Frontiers of Hydroxyapatite Composites in Bionic Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238475. [PMID: 36499970 PMCID: PMC9738134 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects caused by various factors may cause morphological and functional disorders that can seriously affect patient's quality of life. Autologous bone grafting is morbid, involves numerous complications, and provides limited volume at donor site. Hence, tissue-engineered bone is a better alternative for repair of bone defects and for promoting a patient's functional recovery. Besides good biocompatibility, scaffolding materials represented by hydroxyapatite (HA) composites in tissue-engineered bone also have strong ability to guide bone regeneration. The development of manufacturing technology and advances in material science have made HA composite scaffolding more closely related to the composition and mechanical properties of natural bone. The surface morphology and pore diameter of the scaffold material are more important for cell proliferation, differentiation, and nutrient exchange. The degradation rate of the composite scaffold should match the rate of osteogenesis, and the loading of cells/cytokine is beneficial to promote the formation of new bone. In conclusion, there is no doubt that a breakthrough has been made in composition, mechanical properties, and degradation of HA composites. Biomimetic tissue-engineered bone based on vascularization and innervation show a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcun Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wufei Dai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgey, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh 160017, India
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ziqian Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lisha Pan
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery—Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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9
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Anita Lett J, Sagadevan S, Fatimah I, Hoque ME, Lokanathan Y, Léonard E, Alshahateet SF, Schirhagl R, Oh WC. Recent advances in natural polymer-based hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Properties and applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Pang S, Su FY, Green A, Salim J, McKittrick J, Jasiuk I. Comparison of different protocols for demineralization of cortical bone. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7012. [PMID: 33782429 PMCID: PMC8007753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a biological composite material consisting of two main components: collagen and mineral. Collagen is the most abundant protein in vertebrates, which makes it of high clinical and scientific interest. In this paper, we compare the composition and structure of cortical bone demineralized using several protocols: ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), formic acid (CH2O2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and HCl/EDTA mixture. The efficiencies of these four agents were investigated by assessing the remaining mineral quantities and collagen integrity with various experimental techniques. Raman spectroscopy results show that the bone demineralized by the CH2O2 agent has highest collagen quality parameter. The HCl/EDTA mixture removes the most mineral, but it affects the collagen secondary structure as amide II bands are shifted as observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that HCl and EDTA are most effective in removing the mineral with bulk measurements. In summary, we conclude that HCl best demineralizes bone, leaving the well-preserved collagen structure in the shortest time. These findings guide on the best demineralization protocol to obtain high-quality collagen from bone for clinical and scientific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Pang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Frances Y Su
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Amesha Green
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Bio Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E Market St, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Justin Salim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-0412, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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11
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Investigation of nanoscale failure behaviour of cortical bone under stress by AFM. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:103989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Pang S, Schwarcz HP, Jasiuk I. Interfacial bonding between mineral platelets in bone and its effect on mechanical properties of bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104132. [PMID: 33049620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a composite material consisting principally of apatite mineral, collagen fibrils, non-collagenous proteins, and other organic species. Recent electron microscopy studies have shown that the mineral in bone occurs as stacks of thin polycrystalline sheets ("mineral lamellae," MLs) which surround and lie between the collagen fibrils. We focus on the effect of the interface between these mineral lamellae on the mechanical properties of bone. Previous studies on bone treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) to remove all organic material showed a greatly weakened mineral framework. Here, we treated femoral cortical bone with ethylenediamine (EDA), which only removes collagen, to study the effect of its removal on bone properties. We tested the degree of completion of the treatment by Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. When only collagen is removed, a continuous mineral structure remains and is less weakened than by NaClO treatment. Transmission electron microscopy study of finely ground particles of the EDA treated bone shows that stacks of MLs remain joined, whereas in NaClO treated bone, only isolated crystals are present. Thus, we infer that the MLs in bone are held together in stacks by an organic glue, which is destroyed by NaClO, but which survives the EDA treatment. We show that this glue may contribute to the stiffness, strength, and energy absorption of bone. Further studies are needed to discover the chemical nature of this glue. This study provides a starting point for such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Pang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Henry P Schwarcz
- School of Earth, Environment and Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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13
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Xie S, Wallace RJ, Pankaj P. Time-dependent behaviour of demineralised trabecular bone - Experimental investigation and development of a constitutive model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 109:103751. [PMID: 32347212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular bone is a cellular composite material comprising primarily of mineral and organic phases and its mechanical response to loads is time-dependent. The contribution of the organic phase to the time-dependent behaviour of bone is not yet understood. We investigated the time-dependent response of demineralised trabecular bone through tensile multiple-load-creep-unload-recovery experiments. We found that demineralised trabecular bone's time-dependent response is nonlinearly related to the applied stress levels - it stiffens with increased stress levels. Our results also indicated that the time-dependent behaviour is associated with the original bone volume ratio (BV/TV). Irrecoverable strain exists, even at the low strain levels, but are not associated with BV/TV. Furthermore, we found that the nonlinear viscoelastic model can accurately predict the time-dependent behaviour of the trabecular bone's organic phase, which can be incorporated together with the properties of mineral to generate a composite model of bone. This study will help to provide a better understanding of this natural composite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiao Xie
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Alrick Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Robert J Wallace
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Pankaj Pankaj
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Alrick Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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14
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Cebe T, Ahuja N, Monte F, Awad K, Vyavhare K, Aswath P, Huang J, Brotto M, Varanasi V. Novel 3D-printed methacrylated chitosan-laponite nanosilicate composite scaffolds enhance cell growth and biomineral formation in MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2020; 35:58-75. [PMID: 35844898 PMCID: PMC9285673 DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2018.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effect of gelatin- and chitosan-based scaffolds on osteoblast biomineralization. These scaffolds have been modified using methacrylate and laponite nanosilicates to improve their mechanical strength and support osteoblast function. Scaffold materials were prepared to have the same compressive strength (14-15 MPa) such that differences in cell response would be isolated to differences in biopolymer chemistry. The materials were tested for rheological properties to optimize the bio-ink for successful 3D printing using a robocast-assisted deposition system. Osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of 3D-printed methacrylated chitosan-laponite (MAC-Lp), methacrylated gelatin-laponite (MAG-Lp), MAC, and MAG scaffolds. MAC-Lp scaffolds showed increased cell viability, cell growth, and biomineral formation as compared to MAG-Lp scaffolds. FTIR results showed the presence of higher biomineral phosphate and extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen-like amide formation on MAC-Lp scaffolds as compared to MAG-Lp scaffolds. MAC-Lp scaffolds showed increased density of ECM-like tissue from SEM analysis, stained mineral nodules from Alizarin staining, and the existence of Ca─P species evident by X-ray absorbance near edge structure analysis. In conclusion, MAC-Lp scaffolds enhanced osteoblast growth and biomineral formation as compared to MAG-Lp scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Cebe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Felipe Monte
- Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Kamal Awad
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA; and Department of Refractories and Ceramics, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Kimaya Vyavhare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA; and Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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15
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Grottoli CF, Cingolani A, Zambon F, Ferracini R, Villa T, Perale G. Simulated Performance of a Xenohybrid Bone Graft (SmartBone ®) in the Treatment of Acetabular Prosthetic Reconstruction. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E53. [PMID: 31766685 PMCID: PMC6963854 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure for the replacement of hip joints with artificial prostheses. Several approaches are currently employed in the treatment of this kind of defect. Overall, the most common method involves using a quite invasive metallic support (a Burch-Schneider ring). Moreover, valid alternatives and less invasive techniques still need to be supported by novel material development. In this work, we evaluated the performance of SmartBone®, a xenohybrid bone graft composed of a bovine bone matrix reinforced with biodegradable polymers and collagen, as an effective support in acetabular prosthesis reconstruction. Specifically, the material's mechanical properties were experimentally determined (E = ~1.25 GPa, Ef = ~0.34 GPa, and Et = ~0.49 GPa) and used for simulation of the hip joint system with a SmartBone® insert. Moreover, a comparison with a similar case treated with a Burch-Schneider ring was also conducted. It was found that it is possible to perform THA revision surgeries without the insertion of an invasive metal support and it can be nicely combined with SmartBone®'s osteointegration characteristics. The material can withstand the loads independently (σmax = ~12 MPa) or be supported by a thinner titanium plate in contact with the bone in the worst cases. This way, improved bone regeneration can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Cingolani
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland; (C.F.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabio Zambon
- Politecnico di Milano, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (T.V.)
| | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tomaso Villa
- Politecnico di Milano, Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.Z.); (T.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, 6805 Mezzovico-Vira, Switzerland; (C.F.G.); (A.C.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Shah FA, Ruscsák K, Palmquist A. 50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone-a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health, disease, and taphonomy. Bone Res 2019; 7:15. [PMID: 31123620 PMCID: PMC6531483 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is an architecturally complex system that constantly undergoes structural and functional optimisation through renewal and repair. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is among the most frequently used instruments for examining bone. It offers the key advantage of very high spatial resolution coupled with a large depth of field and wide field of view. Interactions between incident electrons and atoms on the sample surface generate backscattered electrons, secondary electrons, and various other signals including X-rays that relay compositional and topographical information. Through selective removal or preservation of specific tissue components (organic, inorganic, cellular, vascular), their individual contribution(s) to the overall functional competence can be elucidated. With few restrictions on sample geometry and a variety of applicable sample-processing routes, a given sample may be conveniently adapted for multiple analytical methods. While a conventional SEM operates at high vacuum conditions that demand clean, dry, and electrically conductive samples, non-conductive materials (e.g., bone) can be imaged without significant modification from the natural state using an environmental scanning electron microscope. This review highlights important insights gained into bone microstructure and pathophysiology, bone response to implanted biomaterials, elemental analysis, SEM in paleoarchaeology, 3D imaging using focused ion beam techniques, correlative microscopy and in situ experiments. The capacity to image seamlessly across multiple length scales within the meso-micro-nano-continuum, the SEM lends itself to many unique and diverse applications, which attest to the versatility and user-friendly nature of this instrument for studying bone. Significant technological developments are anticipated for analysing bone using the SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krisztina Ruscsák
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mattioli-Belmonte M, Montemurro F, Licini C, Iezzi I, Dicarlo M, Cerqueni G, Coro F, Vozzi G. Cell-Free Demineralized Bone Matrix for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Survival and Colonization. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091360. [PMID: 31027339 PMCID: PMC6538993 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized bone matrix is receiving much attention as biological scaffolds and implantable biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a cell-free demineralized bone matrix on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) survival and differentiation in vitro. The seeding of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-SCs) on decellularized bone matrices up to 14 days was exploited, assessing their capability of scaffold colonization and evaluating gene expression of bone markers. Light and Scanning Electron Microscopies were used. The obtained cell-free decalcified structures showed elastic moduli attributable to both topology and biochemical composition. Morphological observation evidenced an almost complete colonization of the scaffolds after 14 days of culture. Moreover, in hUC-SCs cultured on decalcified scaffolds, without the addition of any osteoinductive media, there was an upregulation of Collagen Type I (COL1) and osteonectin (ON) gene expression, especially on day 14. Modifications in the expression of genes engaged in stemness were also detected. In conclusion, the proposed decellularized bone matrix can induce the in vitro hUC-SCs differentiation and has the potential to be tested for in in vivo tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mattioli-Belmonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Montemurro
- Centro di Ricerca "E. Piaggio", Università di Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Licini
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia-DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy.
| | - Iolanda Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Manuela Dicarlo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy.
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari-DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Florinda Coro
- Centro di Ricerca "E. Piaggio", Università di Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Centro di Ricerca "E. Piaggio", Università di Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione-DII, Università di Pisa, Via Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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18
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Zheng Y, Yang Y, Deng Y. Dual therapeutic cobalt-incorporated bioceramics accelerate bone tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:770-782. [PMID: 30889752 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone grafting on defects caused by trauma or tumor stimulates bone regeneration, a complex process requiring highly orchestrated cell-signal interactions. Bone vascular growth is coupled with osteogenesis, but less is known about the interplay between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Understanding this relationship is relevant to improved bone regeneration. Here, tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds doped with varying concentration of cobalt (Co-TCP) were designed to investigate the dosage effect of vascularization on bone formation. The surface structure, phase composition, mechanical features, and chemical composition were investigated. Co doping improved the mechanical properties of TCP. Co-TCP, particularly 2% and 5% Co-TCP, boosted cell viability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The 2% Co-TCP promoted alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and expression of osteogenic genes in BMSCs in vitro. However, excessive Co doping decreased TCP-induced osteogenesis. Meanwhile, Co-TCP dose-dependently favored the growth and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The 2% Co-TCP significantly shrank the defect area in rat alveolar bone compared with TCP. Smaller bone volume and more abundant blood vessels were observed for 5% Co-TCP compared with 2% Co-TCP. The CD31 immunostaining in the 5% Co-TCP group was more intense than the other two groups, indicating of the increment of endothelium cells. Besides, 5% Co-TCP led to mild inflammatory response in bone defect area. Overall, TCP doped appropriately with Co has positive effect on osteogenesis, while excessive Co suppressed osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. These data indicate that vascularization within a proper range promotes osteogenesis, which may be a design consideration for bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanyi Yang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang 618000, China
| | - Yi Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Brown A, Walters J, Zhang Y, Saadatfar M, Escobedo-Diaz J, Hazell P. The mechanical response of commercially available bone simulants for quasi-static and dynamic loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 90:404-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Su FY, Pang S, Ling YTT, Shyu P, Novitskaya E, Seo K, Lambert S, Zarate K, Graeve OA, Jasiuk I, McKittrick J. Deproteinization of Cortical Bone: Effects of Different Treatments. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:554-566. [PMID: 30022228 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a biological composite material having collagen and mineral as its main constituents. In order to better understand the arrangement of the mineral phase in bone, porcine cortical bone was deproteinized using different chemical treatments. This study aims to determine the best method to remove the protein constituent while preserving the mineral component. Chemicals used were H2O2, NaOCl, NaOH, and KOH, and the efficacy of deproteinization treatments was determined by thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The structure of the residual mineral parts was examined using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction was used to confirm that the mineral component was not altered by the chemical treatments. NaOCl was found to be the most effective method for deproteinization and the mineral phase was self-standing, supporting the hypothesis that bone is an interpenetrating composite. Thermogravimetric analyses and Raman spectroscopy results showed the preservation of mineral crystallinity and presence of residual organic material after all chemical treatments. A defatting step, which has not previously been used in conjunction with deproteinization to isolate the mineral phase, was also used. Finally, Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the inclusion of a defatting procedure resulted in the removal of some but not all residual protein in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Y Su
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Siyuan Pang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yik Tung Tracy Ling
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Peter Shyu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ekaterina Novitskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kyungah Seo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sofia Lambert
- Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior - Campus Mexicali, Calzada CETYS s/n. Col. Rivera, Mexicali, Baja California, C.P. 21259, Mexico
| | - Kimberlin Zarate
- Hilltop High School, 555 Claire Avenue, Chula Vista, CA, 91910, USA
| | - Olivia A Graeve
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Room 2101C MEL, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., EBU II, Room 257, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA.
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21
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Tavera Ruiz CG, De La Torre-Ibarra MH, Flores-Moreno JM, Frausto-Reyes C, Santoyo FM. Cortical bone quality affectations and their strength impact analysis using holographic interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4818-4833. [PMID: 30319905 PMCID: PMC6179407 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is now accepted that bone strength is a complex property determined mainly by three factors: quantity, quality and turnover of the bone itself. Most of the patients who experience fractures due to fragility could never develop affectations related to bone mass density (i.e. osteoporosis). In this work, the effect of secondary bone strength affectations are analyzed by simulating the degradation of one or more principal components (organic and inorganic) while they are inspected with a nondestructive optical technique. From the results obtained, a strong correlation among the hydroxyapatite, collagen and water is found that determines the bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G. Tavera Ruiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, Loma Del Bosque 115, León Guanajuato C.P. 37150, México
| | - Manuel H. De La Torre-Ibarra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica - Unidad Aguascalientes, Prol. Constitución 607, Fracc. Reserva Loma Bonita, Aguascalientes, Ags, C.P. 20200, México
| | - J. M. Flores-Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, Loma Del Bosque 115, León Guanajuato C.P. 37150, México
| | - Claudio Frausto-Reyes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica - Unidad Aguascalientes, Prol. Constitución 607, Fracc. Reserva Loma Bonita, Aguascalientes, Ags, C.P. 20200, México
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22
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Synthesis and applications of ordered and disordered mesoporous zeolites: Present and future prospective. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Xie S, Wallace RJ, Callanan A, Pankaj P. From Tension to Compression: Asymmetric Mechanical Behaviour of Trabecular Bone's Organic Phase. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 46:801-809. [PMID: 29589168 PMCID: PMC5934460 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-2009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular bone is a cellular composite material comprising primarily of mineral and organic phases with their content ratio known to change with age. Therefore, the contribution of bone constituents on bone's mechanical behaviour, in tension and compression, at varying load levels and with changing porosity (which increases with age) is of great interest, but remains unknown. We investigated the mechanical response of demineralised bone by subjecting a set of bone samples to fully reversed cyclic tension-compression loads with varying magnitudes. We show that the tension to compression response of the organic phase of trabecular bone is asymmetric; it stiffens in tension and undergoes stiffness reduction in compression. Our results indicate that demineralised trabecular bone struts experience inelastic buckling under compression which causes irreversible damage, while irreversible strains due to microcracking are less visible in tension. We also identified that the values of this asymmetric mechanical response is associated to the original bone volume ratio (BV/TV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiao Xie
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Robert J Wallace
- Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Pankaj Pankaj
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK.
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24
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The role of titanium dioxide on the morphology, microstructure, and bioactivity of grafted cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for a potential application in bone repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:481-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Woldetsadik AD, Sharma SK, Khapli S, Jagannathan R, Magzoub M. Hierarchically Porous Calcium Carbonate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2457-2469. [PMID: 33445303 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically porous CaCO3 scaffolds comprised of micro- (diameter = 2.0 ± 0.3 μm) and nano-sized (diameter = 50.4 ± 14.4 nm) pores were fabricated on silicon substrates using a supercritical CO2-based process. Differentiated human THP-1 monocytes exposed to the CaCO3 scaffolds produced negligible levels of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), confirming the lack of immunogenicity of the scaffolds. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, vitronectin and fibronectin, displayed enhanced adsorption to the scaffolds compared to the silicon controls. ECM protein-coated CaCO3 scaffolds promoted adhesion, growth, and proliferation of osteoblast MC3T3 cells. MC3T3 cells grown on the CaCO3 scaffolds produced substantially higher levels of transforming growth factor-beta and vascular endothelial growth factor A, which regulate osteoblast differentiation, and exhibited markedly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of early osteoblast differentiation, compared to controls. Moreover, the CaCO3 scaffolds stimulated matrix mineralization (calcium deposition), an end point of advanced osteoblast differentiation and an important biomarker for bone tissue formation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the significant potential of the hierarchically porous CaCO3 scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiy D Woldetsadik
- Biology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudhir K Sharma
- Nano and Bio Materials Laboratory, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Khapli
- Nano and Bio Materials Laboratory, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramesh Jagannathan
- Nano and Bio Materials Laboratory, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazin Magzoub
- Biology Program, Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Su FY, Bushong EA, Deerinck TJ, Seo K, Herrera S, Graeve OA, Kisailus D, Lubarda VA, McKittrick J. Spines of the porcupine fish: Structure, composition, and mechanical properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 73:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Deymier AC, An Y, Boyle JJ, Schwartz AG, Birman V, Genin GM, Thomopoulos S, Barber AH. Micro-mechanical properties of the tendon-to-bone attachment. Acta Biomater 2017; 56:25-35. [PMID: 28088669 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The tendon-to-bone attachment (enthesis) is a complex hierarchical tissue that connects stiff bone to compliant tendon. The attachment site at the micrometer scale exhibits gradients in mineral content and collagen orientation, which likely act to minimize stress concentrations. The physiological micromechanics of the attachment thus define resultant performance, but difficulties in sample preparation and mechanical testing at this scale have restricted understanding of structure-mechanical function. Here, microscale beams from entheses of wild type mice and mice with mineral defects were prepared using cryo-focused ion beam milling and pulled to failure using a modified atomic force microscopy system. Micromechanical behavior of tendon-to-bone structures, including elastic modulus, strength, resilience, and toughness, were obtained. Results demonstrated considerably higher mechanical performance at the micrometer length scale compared to the millimeter tissue length scale, describing enthesis material properties without the influence of higher order structural effects such as defects. Micromechanical investigation revealed a decrease in strength in entheses with mineral defects. To further examine structure-mechanical function relationships, local deformation behavior along the tendon-to-bone attachment was determined using local image correlation. A high compliance zone near the mineralized gradient of the attachment was clearly identified and highlighted the lack of correlation between mineral distribution and strain on the low-mineral end of the attachment. This compliant region is proposed to act as an energy absorbing component, limiting catastrophic failure within the tendon-to-bone attachment through higher local deformation. This understanding of tendon-to-bone micromechanics demonstrates the critical role of micrometer scale features in the mechanics of the tissue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The tendon-to-bone attachment (enthesis) is a complex hierarchical tissue with features at a numerous scales that dissipate stress concentrations between compliant tendon and stiff bone. At the micrometer scale, the enthesis exhibits gradients in collagen and mineral composition and organization. However, the physiological mechanics of the enthesis at this scale remained unknown due to difficulty in preparing and testing micrometer scale samples. This study is the first to measure the tensile mechanical properties of the enthesis at the micrometer scale. Results demonstrated considerably enhanced mechanical performance at the micrometer length scale compared to the millimeter tissue length scale and identified a high-compliance zone near the mineralized gradient of the attachment. This understanding of tendon-to-bone micromechanics demonstrates the critical role of micrometer scale features in the mechanics of the tissue.
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Heiden M, Nauman E, Stanciu L. Bioresorbable Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-HA Materials for Orthopedic Implantation: Enhancing Degradation through Porosity Control. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28449254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resorbable, porous iron-manganese-hydroxyapatite biocomposites with suitable degradation rates for orthopedic applications are prepared using salt-leaching for the first time. These transient biomaterials have the potential to replace inert, permanent implants that can suffer from long-term complications, or have to be surgically removed, leaving an unfavorable void. Fe30Mn-10HA materials are newly developed to address inadequate resorption rates of degradable materials proposed for orthopedic environments in the past. In this study, controllable porosities with 300 µm diameter pores are introduced into Fe30Mn alloys and Fe30Mn-10HA composites, which enhance tissue ingrowth. For the composites, a Ca2 Mn7 O14 phase generated within the Fe30Mn matrix during the sintering process greatly increases degradability. The combination of this second phase and added porosity is found to contribute to increased bone-like apatite layer formation, mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell attachment, and reduction of detrimental oxide layer flaking. Remarkably, after thirty days in vitro, there is a significant increase in degradation up to 0.82 ± 0.04 mm per year for 30 wt% porous Fe30Mn-10HA biocomposites, compared to 0.02 ± 0.00 mm per year for traditional nonporous Fe30Mn, thereby increasing the viability of these materials for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heiden
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Purdue University 47907 West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Eric Nauman
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University 47907 West Lafayette IN USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University 47907 West Lafayette IN USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Purdue University 47907 West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Lia Stanciu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Purdue University 47907 West Lafayette IN USA
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29
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Sukhorukova IV, Sheveyko AN, Firestein KL, Kiryukhantsev-Korneev PV, Golberg D, Shtansky DV. Mechanical properties of decellularized extracellular matrix coated with TiCaPCON film. Biomed Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa6fc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Cellular compatibility of nanocomposite scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite entrapped in cellulose network for bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:385-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Xu C, Wei Z, Gao H, Bai Y, Liu H, Yang H, Lai Y, Yang L. Bioinspired Mechano-Sensitive Macroporous Ceramic Sponge for Logical Drug and Cell Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600410. [PMID: 28638781 PMCID: PMC5473326 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
On-demand, ultrahigh precision delivery of molecules and cells assisted by scaffold is a pivotal theme in the field of controlled release, but it remains extremely challenging for ceramic-based macroporous scaffolds that are prevalently used in regenerative medicine. Sea sponges (Phylum Porifera), whose bodies possess hierarchical pores or channels and organic/inorganic composite structures, can delicately control water intake/circulation and therefore achieve high precision mass transportation of food, oxygen, and wastes. Inspired by leuconoid sponge, in this study, the authors design and fabricate a biomimetic macroporous ceramic composite sponge (CCS) for high precision logic delivery of molecules and cells regulated by mechanical stimulus. The CCS reveals unique on-demand AND logic release behaviors in response to dual-gates of moisture and pressure (or strain) and, more importantly, 1 cm3 volume of CCS achieves unprecedentedly delivery precision of ≈100 ng per cycle for hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules and ≈1400 cells per cycle for fibroblasts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlu Xu
- Orthopaedic InstituteDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Wei
- Orthopaedic InstituteDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of EngineeringBrown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA
- International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Bai
- School of Public HealthMedical CollegeSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Orthopaedic InstituteDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopaedic InstituteDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
- International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern SilkCollege of Textile and Clothing EngineeringSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Orthopaedic InstituteDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated HospitalSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
- International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO)Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006P. R. China
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Smith CA, Board TN, Rooney P, Eagle MJ, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA. Human decellularized bone scaffolds from aged donors show improved osteoinductive capacity compared to young donor bone. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177416. [PMID: 28505164 PMCID: PMC5432108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the safe use of allograft bone, decellularization techniques may be utilized to produce acellular scaffolds. Such scaffolds should retain their innate biological and biomechanical capacity and support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation. However, as allograft bone is derived from a wide age-range, this study aimed to determine whether donor age impacts on the ability an osteoinductive, acellular scaffold produced from human bone to promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSC). BM-MSCs from young and old donors were seeded on acellular bone cubes from young and old donors undergoing osteoarthritis related hip surgery. All combinations resulted in increased osteogenic gene expression, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity, however BM-MSCs cultured on old donor bone displayed the largest increases. BM-MSCs cultured in old donor bone conditioned media also displayed higher osteogenic gene expression and ALP activity than those exposed to young donor bone conditioned media. ELISA and Luminex analysis of conditioned media demonstrated similar levels of bioactive factors between age groups; however, IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) concentration was significantly higher in young donor samples. Additionally, structural analysis of old donor bone indicated an increased porosity compared to young donor bone. These results demonstrate the ability of a decellularized scaffold produced from young and old donors to support osteogenic differentiation of cells from young and old donors. Significantly, the older donor bone produced greater osteogenic differentiation which may be related to reduced IGFBP1 bioavailability and increased porosity, potentially explaining the excellent clinical results seen with the use of allograft from aged donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Smith
- Divsion of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Rooney
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Tissue Transplant Services, Speke, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Eagle
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Tissue Transplant Services, Speke, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Divsion of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Divsion of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Knöller A, Runčevski T, Dinnebier RE, Bill J, Burghard Z. Cuttlebone-like V 2O 5 Nanofibre Scaffolds - Advances in Structuring Cellular Solids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42951. [PMID: 28218301 PMCID: PMC5317173 DOI: 10.1038/srep42951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ceramic materials combining high porosity and permeability with good mechanical stability is challenging, as optimising the latter requires compromises regarding the first two properties. Nonetheless, significant progress can be made in this direction by taking advantage of the structural design principles evolved by nature. Natural cellular solids achieve good mechanical stability via a defined hierarchical organisation of the building blocks they are composed of. Here, we report the first synthetic, ceramic-based scaffold whose architecture closely mimics that of cuttlebone –a structural biomaterial whose porosity exceeds that of most other natural cellular solids, whilst preserving an excellent mechanical strength. The nanostructured, single-component scaffold, obtained by ice-templated assembly of V2O5 nanofibres, features a highly sophisticated and elaborate architecture of equally spaced lamellas, which are regularly connected by pillars as lamella support. It displays an unprecedented porosity of 99.8 %, complemented by an enhanced mechanical stability. This novel bioinspired, functional material not only displays mechanical characteristics similar to natural cuttlebone, but the multifunctionality of the V2O5 nanofibres also renders possible applications, including catalysts, sensors and electrodes for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Knöller
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tomče Runčevski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zaklina Burghard
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Elnikety S, Pendegrass CJ, de Godoy RF, Holden C, Blunn GW. Augmentation and repair of tendons using demineralised cortical bone. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:483. [PMID: 27855678 PMCID: PMC5114756 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In severe injuries with loss of tendon substance a tendon graft or a synthetic substitute is usually used to restore functional length. This is usually associated with donor site morbidity, host tissue reactions and lack of remodelling of the synthetic substitutes, which may result in suboptimal outcome. A biocompatible graft with mechanical and structural properties that replicate those of normal tendon and ligament has so far not been identified. The use of demineralised bone for tendon reattachment onto bone has been shown to be effective in promoting the regeneration of a normal enthesis. Because of its properties, we proposed that Demineralised Cortical Bone (DCB) could be used in repair of a large tendon defect. METHODS Allogenic DCB grafts in strip form were prepared from sheep cortical bone by acid decalcification and used to replace the enthesis and distal 1 cm of the ovine patellar tendon adjacent to the tibial tuberosity. In 6 animals the DCB strip was used to bridge the gap between the resected end of the tendon and was attached with bone anchors. Force plate analysis was done for each animal preoperatively and at weeks 3, 9, and 12 post operatively. At week 12, after euthanasia x-rays were taken and range of movements were recorded for hind limbs of each animal. Patella, patellar tendon - DCB and proximal tibia were harvested as a block and pQCT scan was done prior to histological analysis. RESULTS Over time functional weight bearing significantly increased from 44% at 3 weeks post surgery to 79% at week 12. On retrieval none of the specimens showed any evidence of ossification of the DCB. Histological analysis proved formation of neo-enthesis with presence of fibrocartilage and mineralised fibrocartilage in all the specimens. DCB grafts contained host cells and showed evidence of vascularisation. Remodelling of the collagen leading to ligamentisation of the DCB was proved by the presence of crimp in the DCB graft on polarized microscopy. CONCLUSION Combined with the appropriate surgical techniques, DCB can be used to achieve early mobilization and regeneration of a tendon defect which may be applicable to the repair of chronic rotator cuff injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elnikety
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Pendegrass
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Ferro de Godoy
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Holden
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon W Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
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Hosseinzadeh M, Ghoreishi M, Narooei K. Investigation of hyperelastic models for nonlinear elastic behavior of demineralized and deproteinized bovine cortical femur bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 59:393-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang HJ, Huang JC, Hou L, Miyazawa T, Wang JY. Prolongation of the degradation period and improvement of the angiogenesis of zein porous scaffolds in vivo. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:92. [PMID: 26979976 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zein porous scaffolds modified with fatty acids have shown great improvement in mechanical properties and good cell compatibility in vitro, indicating the potential application as a bone tissue engineering substitute. The present study was conducted to systematically investigate whether the addition of fatty acids affects the short-term (up to 12 weeks) and long-term (up to 1 year) behaviors of scaffolds in vivo, mainly focusing on changes in the degradation period and inflammatory responses. Throughout the implantation period, no abnormal signs occurred and zein porous scaffolds modified with oleic acid showed good tolerance in rabbits, characterized by the growth of relatively more blood vessels in the scaffolds and only a slight degree of fibrosis histology. Moreover, the degradation period was prolonged from 8 months to 1 year as compared to the control. These results affirmed further that zein could be used as a new kind of natural biomaterial suitable for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, No. 1 Huaihe Road, Xinzheng Shuanghu Economic Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 451191, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Chun Huang
- Key Lab of Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices, Jinan, 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Li Hou
- Key Lab of Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices, Jinan, 250101, Shandong, China
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Jin-Ye Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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37
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Saber-Samandari S, Saber-Samandari S, Kiyazar S, Aghazadeh J, Sadeghi A. In vitro evaluation for apatite-forming ability of cellulose-based nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:434-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sabet FA, Raeisi Najafi A, Hamed E, Jasiuk I. Modelling of bone fracture and strength at different length scales: a review. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20150055. [PMID: 26855749 PMCID: PMC4686238 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2015.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength. Bone fracture is a complex phenomenon due to the composite, inhomogeneous and hierarchical structure of bone. First, we briefly summarize the hierarchical structure of bone, spanning from the nanoscale, sub-microscale, microscale, mesoscale to the macroscale, and discuss experimental observations on failure mechanisms in bone at these scales. Then, we highlight representative analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength at different length scales and discuss the main findings in the context of experiments. We conclude by summarizing the challenges in modelling of bone fracture and strength and list open topics for scientific exploration. Modelling of bone, accounting for different scales, provides new and needed insights into the fracture and strength of bone, which, in turn, can lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatments of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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39
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León-Mancilla B, Araiza-Téllez M, Flores-Flores J, Piña-Barba M. Physico-chemical characterization of collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jart.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Hydroxyapatite-calcium sulfate-hyaluronic acid composite encapsulated with collagenase as bone substitute for alveolar bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 74:99-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Kaur B, Srivastava R, Satpati B, Kondepudi KK, Bishnoi M. Biomineralization of hydroxyapatite in silver ion-exchanged nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite using simulated body fluid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Effectiveness of various deproteinization processes of bovine cancellous bone evaluated via mechano-biostructural properties of produced osteoconductive biomaterials. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Anisimova NY, Kiselevsky MV, Sukhorukova IV, Shvindina NV, Shtansky DV. Fabrication method, structure, mechanical, and biological properties of decellularized extracellular matrix for replacement of wide bone tissue defects. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 49:255-68. [PMID: 26051225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present paper was focused on the development of a new method of decellularized extracellular matrix (DECM) fabrication via a chemical treatment of a native bone tissue. Particular attention was paid to the influence of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of native bones, sterility, and biological performance in vivo using the syngeneic heterotopic and orthotopic implantation models. The obtained data indicated that after a chemical decellularization treatment in 4% aqueous sodium chlorite, no noticeable signs of the erosion of compact cortical bone surface or destruction of trabeculae of spongy bone in spinal channel were observed. The histological studies showed that the chemical treatment resulted in the decellularization of both bone and cartilage tissues. The DECM samples demonstrated no signs of chemical and biological degradation in vivo. Thorough structural characterization revealed that after decellularization, the mineral frame retained its integrity with the organic phase; however clotting and destruction of organic molecules and fibers were observed. FTIR studies revealed several structural changes associated with the destruction of organic molecules, although all organic components typical of intact bone were preserved. The decellularization-induced structural changes in the collagen constituent resulted changed the deformation under compression mechanism: from the major fracture by crack propagation throughout the sample to the predominantly brittle fracture. Although the mechanical properties of radius bones subjected to decellularization were observed to degrade, the mechanical properties of ulna bones in compression and humerus bones in bending remained unchanged. The compressive strength of both the intact and decellularized ulna bones was 125-130 MPa and the flexural strength of humerus bones was 156 and 145 MPa for the intact and decellularized samples, respectively. These results open new avenues for the use of DECM samples as the replacement of wide bone tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Anisimova
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - M V Kiselevsky
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - I V Sukhorukova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - N V Shvindina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - D V Shtansky
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.
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Uniaxial and Multiaxial Fatigue Life Prediction of the Trabecular Bone Based on Physiological Loading: A Comparative Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2487-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Sandino C, McErlain DD, Schipilow J, Boyd SK. The poro-viscoelastic properties of trabecular bone: a micro computed tomography-based finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 44:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Smith CA, Richardson SM, Eagle MJ, Rooney P, Board T, Hoyland JA. The use of a novel bone allograft wash process to generate a biocompatible, mechanically stable and osteoinductive biological scaffold for use in bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:595-604. [PMID: 24945627 DOI: 10.1002/term.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fresh-frozen biological allograft remains the most effective substitute for the 'gold standard' autograft, sharing many of its osteogenic properties but, conversely, lacking viable osteogenic cells. Tissue engineering offers the opportunity to improve the osseointegration of this material through the addition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the presence of dead, immunogenic and potentially harmful bone marrow could hinder cell adhesion and differentiation, graft augmentation and incorporation, and wash procedures are therefore being utilized to remove the marrow, thereby improving the material's safety. To this end, we assessed the efficiency of a novel wash technique to produce a biocompatible, biological scaffold void of cellular material that was mechanically stable and had osteoinductive potential. The outcomes of our investigations demonstrated the efficient removal of marrow components (~99.6%), resulting in a biocompatible material with conserved biomechanical stability. Additionally, the scaffold was able to induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, with increases in osteogenic gene expression observed following extended culture. This study demonstrates the efficiency of the novel wash process and the potential of the resultant biological material to serve as a scaffold in bone allograft tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Smith
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester, UK
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47
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Chen PY, Novitskaya E, Lopez MI, Sun CY, McKittrick J. Toward a better understanding of mineral microstructure in bony tissues. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2014. [DOI: 10.1680/bbn.13.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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48
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Novitskaya E, Zin C, Chang N, Cory E, Chen P, D'Lima D, Sah RL, McKittrick J. Creep of trabecular bone from the human proximal tibia. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 40:219-27. [PMID: 24857486 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Creep is the deformation that occurs under a prolonged, sustained load and can lead to permanent damage in bone. Creep in bone is a complex phenomenon and varies with type of loading and local mechanical properties. Human trabecular bone samples from proximal tibia were harvested from a 71-year old female cadaver with osteoporosis. The samples were initially subjected to one cycle load up to 1% strain to determine the creep load. Samples were then loaded in compression under a constant stress for 2h and immediately unloaded. All tests were conducted with the specimens soaked in phosphate buffered saline with proteinase inhibitors at 37 °C. Steady state creep rate and final creep strain were estimated from mechanical testing and compared with published data. The steady state creep rate correlated well with values obtained from bovine tibial and human vertebral trabecular bone, and was higher for lower density samples. Tissue architecture was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (μCT) both before and after creep testing to assess creep deformation and damage accumulated. Quantitative morphometric analysis indicated that creep induced changes in trabecular separation and the structural model index. A main mode of deformation was bending of trabeculae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Novitskaya
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Carolyn Zin
- Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Neil Chang
- Departments of Bioengineering & Orthopaedic Surgery, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Esther Cory
- Departments of Bioengineering & Orthopaedic Surgery, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Departments of Bioengineering & Orthopaedic Surgery, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darryl D'Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research & Education, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Departments of Bioengineering & Orthopaedic Surgery, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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49
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Comparative biomechanical and microstructural analysis of native versus peracetic acid-ethanol treated cancellous bone graft. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:784702. [PMID: 24678514 PMCID: PMC3942278 DOI: 10.1155/2014/784702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone transplantation is frequently used for the treatment of large osseous defects. The availability of autologous bone grafts as the current biological gold standard is limited and there is a risk of donor site morbidity. Allogenic bone grafts are an appealing alternative, but disinfection should be considered to reduce transmission of infection disorders. Peracetic acid-ethanol (PE) treatment has been proven reliable and effective for disinfection of human bone allografts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PE treatment on the biomechanical properties and microstructure of cancellous bone grafts (CBG). Forty-eight human CBG cylinders were either treated by PE or frozen at −20°C and subjected to compression testing and histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The levels of compressive strength, stiffness (Young's modulus), and fracture energy were significantly decreased upon PE treatment by 54%, 59%, and 36%, respectively. Furthermore, PE-treated CBG demonstrated a 42% increase in ultimate strain. SEM revealed a modified microstructure of CBG with an exposed collagen fiber network after PE treatment. We conclude that the observed reduced compressive strength and reduced stiffness may be beneficial during tissue remodeling thereby explaining the excellent clinical performance of PE-treated CBG.
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Devi S, Williams D. Morphological and Compressional Mechanical Properties of Freeze-Dried Mannitol, Sucrose, and Trehalose Cakes. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4246-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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