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Wu Y, Chen X, Kang J, Yang Y, Zhao X, Liu Y, Qiao J. Calcium silicate/gelatin composite scaffolds with controllable degradation behavior: Fabrication and evaluation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106422. [PMID: 38310813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Calcium silicate can be used as an excellent material for biodegradable bone scaffolds because it can provide bioactive ions to promote bone regeneration. However, the brittleness and rapid degradation of calcium silicate scaffolds have significantly limited their clinical application. In this work, the calcium silicate scaffolds printed by DLP technology were immersed in a gelatin solution under high vacuum condition to obtain calcium silicate/gelatin composite scaffolds with good mechanical and biological properties. Then, genipin was used as a cross-linker for gelatin to control the degradation properties of the composite scaffolds. The initial compressive strength and toughness of the composite scaffolds were 5.0 times and one order of magnitude higher than those of the pure calcium silicate scaffolds, respectively. The gelatin on the surface of the scaffolds could effectively act as a protective layer to regulate the degradation behaviors of the calcium silicate substrate through controlling the crosslinking degree of the gelatin. After degrading for 14 days, the composite scaffolds at 1.0 % genipin concentration exhibited the highest compressive strength of 8.6 ± 0.8 MPa, much higher than that of the pure ceramic scaffold (1.5 ± 0.3 MPa). It can be found that the toughness of the composite scaffolds were almost over 13.2 times higher than that of the pure ceramic scaffold during degradation, despite the higher toughness loss for the former. Furthermore, the composite scaffolds showed enhanced cell biocompatibility and viability. These results demonstrate that the calcium silicate/gelatin composite scaffolds can be a promising candidate in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Wu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China; School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Jianfeng Kang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaxiong Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China; Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Jian Qiao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
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Li N, Khan SB, Chen S, Aiyiti W, Zhou J, Lu B. Promising New Horizons in Medicine: Medical Advancements with Nanocomposite Manufacturing via 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4122. [PMID: 37896366 PMCID: PMC10610836 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technology has fundamentally revolutionized the product development processes in several industries. Three-dimensional printing enables the creation of tailored prostheses and other medical equipment, anatomical models for surgical planning and training, and even innovative means of directly giving drugs to patients. Polymers and their composites have found broad usage in the healthcare business due to their many beneficial properties. As a result, the application of 3D printing technology in the medical area has transformed the design and manufacturing of medical devices and prosthetics. Polymers and their composites have become attractive materials in this industry because of their unique mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical qualities. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art applications of polymer and its composites in the medical field using 3D printing technology. It covers the latest research developments in the design and manufacturing of patient-specific medical devices, prostheses, and anatomical models for surgical planning and training. The article also discusses the use of 3D printing technology for drug delivery systems (DDS) and tissue engineering. Various 3D printing techniques, such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling (FDM), and selective laser sintering (SLS), are reviewed, along with their benefits and drawbacks. Legal and regulatory issues related to the use of 3D printing technology in the medical field are also addressed. The article concludes with an outlook on the future potential of polymer and its composites in 3D printing technology for the medical field. The research findings indicate that 3D printing technology has enormous potential to revolutionize the development and manufacture of medical devices, leading to improved patient outcomes and better healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- School of Education (Normal School), Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Sadaf Bashir Khan
- School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Shenggui Chen
- School of Art and Design, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511483, China
| | - Wurikaixi Aiyiti
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Bingheng Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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Wu Y, Chen R, Chen X, Yang Y, Qiao J, Liu Y. Development of Strong and Tough β-TCP/PCL Composite Scaffolds with Interconnected Porosity by Digital Light Processing and Partial Infiltration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:947. [PMID: 36769953 PMCID: PMC9918277 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strong and tough β-TCP/PCL composite scaffolds with interconnected porosity were developed by combining digital light processing and vacuum infiltration. The composite scaffolds were comprised of pure β-TCP, β-TCP matrix composite and PCL matrix composite. The porous β-TCP/PCL composite scaffolds showed remarkable mechanical advantages compared with ceramic scaffolds with the same macroscopic pore structure (dense scaffolds). The composite scaffolds exhibited a significant increase in strain energy density and fracture energy density, though with similar compressive and flexural strengths. Moreover, the composite scaffolds had a much higher Weibull modulus and longer fatigue life than the dense scaffolds. It was revealed that the composite scaffolds with interconnected porosity possess comprehensive mechanical properties (high strength, excellent toughness, significant reliability and fatigue resistance), which suggests that they could replace the pure ceramic scaffolds for degradable bone substitutes, especially in complex stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Wu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruomeng Chen
- Key Lab of Intelligent Equipment Digital Design and Process Simulation, Tangshan College, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yaxiong Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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Terzopoulou Z, Baciu D, Gounari E, Steriotis T, Charalambopoulou G, Tzetzis D, Bikiaris D. Composite Membranes of Poly(ε-caprolactone) with Bisphosphonate-Loaded Bioactive Glasses for Potential Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E3067. [PMID: 31450742 PMCID: PMC6749304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a bioresorbable synthetic polyester with numerous biomedical applications. PCL membranes show great potential in guided tissue regeneration because they are biocompatible, occlusive and space maintaining, but lack osteoconductivity. Therefore, two different types of mesoporous bioactive glasses (SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and SiO2-SrO-P2O5) were synthesized and incorporated in PCL thin membranes by spin coating. To enhance the osteogenic effect of resulting membranes, the bioglasses were loaded with the bisphosphonate drug ibandronate prior to their incorporation in the polymeric matrix. The effect of the composition of the bioglasses as well as the presence of absorbed ibandronate on the physicochemical, cell attachment and differentiation properties of the PCL membranes was evaluated. Both fillers led to a decrease of the crystallinity of PCL, along with an increase in its hydrophilicity and a noticeable increase in its bioactivity. Bioactivity was further increased in the presence of a Sr substituted bioglass loaded with ibandronate. The membranes exhibited excellent biocompatibility upon estimation of their cytotoxicity on Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (WJ-SCs), while they presented higher osteogenic potential in comparison with neat PCL after WJ-SCs induced differentiation towards bone cells, which was enhanced by a possible synergistic effect of Sr and ibandronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Diana Baciu
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR15341 Athens, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
| | - Eleni Gounari
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, Leoforos Georgikis Scholis 65, GR57001 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Theodore Steriotis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR15341 Athens, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
| | - Georgia Charalambopoulou
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", GR15341 Athens, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, GR57001 Thermi, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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Zhou Z, Cunningham E, Lennon A, McCarthy HO, Buchanan F, Dunne N. Development of three-dimensional printing polymer-ceramic scaffolds with enhanced compressive properties and tuneable resorption. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:975-986. [PMID: 30274136 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bone tissue engineered scaffolds fabricated via powder-based 3D printing from hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium sulphate (CaSO4) powders were investigated. The combination of using a fast resorbing CaSO4 based powder and the relatively slower HA powder represents a promising prospect for tuning the bioresorption of 3D printed (3DP) scaffolds. These properties could then be tailored to coincide with tissue growth rate for different surgical procedures. The manufactured scaffolds were infiltrated with poly(ε‑caprolactone) (PCL). The PCL infiltrated the inter-particle spacing within the 3DP structures due to the nature of a loosely-packed powder bed and also covered the surface of ceramic-based scaffolds. Consequently, the average compressive strength, compressive modulus and toughness increased by 314%, 465% and 867%, respectively. The resorption behaviour of the 3DP scaffolds was characterised in vitro using a high-throughput system that mimicked the physiological environment and dynamic flow conditions relevant to the human body. A rapid release of CaSO4 between Day 0 and 28 was commensurate with a reduction in scaffold mass and compressive properties, as well as an increase in medium absorption. In spite of this, HA particles, connected by PCL fibrils, remained within the microstructure after 56 days resorption under dynamic conditions. Consequently, a high level of structural integrity was maintained within the 3DP scaffold. This study presented a porous PCL-HA-CaSO4 3DP structure with the potential to encourage new tissue growth during the initial stages of implantation and also offering sufficient structural and mechanical support during the bone healing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxin Zhou
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Eoin Cunningham
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Alex Lennon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Fraser Buchanan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, UK; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Terzopoulou Z, Baciu D, Gounari E, Steriotis T, Charalambopoulou G, Bikiaris D. Biocompatible Nanobioglass Reinforced Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composites Synthesized via In Situ Ring Opening Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040381. [PMID: 30966416 PMCID: PMC6415238 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a bioresorbable synthetic polyester widely studied as a biomaterial for tissue engineering and controlled release applications, but its low bioactivity and weak mechanical performance limits its applications. In this work, nanosized bioglasses with two different compositions (SiO2–CaO and SiO2–CaO–P2O5) were synthesized with a hydrothermal method, and each one was used as filler in the preparation of PCL nanocomposites via the in situ ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. The effect of the addition of 0.5, 1 and 2.5 wt % of the nanofillers on the molecular weight, structural, mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer nanocomposites, as well as on their enzymatic hydrolysis rate, bioactivity and biocompatibility was systematically investigated. All nanocomposites exhibited higher molecular weight values in comparison with neat PCL, and mechanical properties were enhanced for the 0.5 and 1 wt % filler content, which was attributed to extensive interactions between the filler and the matrix, proving the superiority of in situ polymerization over solution mixing and melt compounding. Both bioglasses accelerated the enzymatic degradation of PCL and induced bioactivity, since apatite was formed on the surface of the nanocomposites after soaking in simulated body fluid. Finally, all samples were biocompatible as Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) attached and proliferated on their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymers Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Diana Baciu
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens GR15341, Greece.
| | - Eleni Gounari
- Biohellenika Biotechnology Company, Leoforos Georgikis Scholis 65, GR57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodore Steriotis
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens GR15341, Greece.
| | - Georgia Charalambopoulou
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens GR15341, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymers Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has found many applications in healthcare including fabrication of biomaterials as well as bioprinting of tissues and organs. Additively manufactured (AM) biomaterials may possess arbitrarily complex micro-architectures that give rise to novel mechanical, physical, and biological properties. The mechanical behavior of such porous biomaterials including their quasi-static mechanical properties and fatigue resistance is not yet well understood. It is particularly important to understand the relationship between the designed micro-architecture (topology) and the resulting mechanical properties. The current special issue is dedicated to understanding the mechanical behavior of AM biomaterials. Although various types of AM biomaterials are represented in the special issue, the primary focus is on AM porous metallic biomaterials. As a prelude to this special issue, this editorial reviews some of the latest findings in the mechanical behavior of AM porous metallic biomaterials so as to describe the current state-of-the-art and set the stage for the other studies appearing in the issue. Some areas that are important for future research are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Zadpoor
- Additive Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
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Thermal inkjet 3D powder printing of metals and alloys: Current status and challenges. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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