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Pedersen DD, Kim S, D'Amore A, Wagner WR. Cardiac valve scaffold design: Implications of material properties and geometric configuration on performance and mechanics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106043. [PMID: 37531773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of tissue engineered scaffolds for cardiac valve replacement is nearing clinical translation. While much work has been done to characterize mechanical behavior of native and bioprosthetic valves, and incorporate those data into models improving valve design, similar work for degradable valve scaffolds is lacking. This is particularly important given the implications mechanics have on short-term survival and long-term remodeling. As such, this study aimed to characterize spatially-resolved strain profiles on the leaflets of degradable polymeric valve scaffolds, manipulating common design features such as material stiffness by blending poly(carbonate urethane)urea with stiffer polymers, and geometric configuration, modeled after either a clinically-used valve design (Mk1 design) or an anatomically "optimized" design (Mk2 design). It was shown that material stiffness plays a significant role in overall valve performance, with the stiffest valve groups showing asymmetric and incomplete opening during systole. However, the geometric configuration had a significantly greater effect on valve performance as well as strain magnitude and distribution. Major findings in the strain maps included systolic strains having overall higher strain magnitudes than diastole, and peak radial-direction strain concentrations in the base region of Mk1 valves during systole, with a significant mitigation of radial strain in Mk2 valves. The high tunability of tissue engineered scaffolds is a great advantage for valve design, and the results reported here indicate that design parameters have significant and unequal impact on valve performance and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake D Pedersen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Antonio D'Amore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William R Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Anisotropic elastic behavior of a hydrogel-coated electrospun polyurethane: Suitability for heart valve leaflets. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 125:104877. [PMID: 34695661 PMCID: PMC8818123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although xenograft biomaterials have been used for decades in replacement heart valves, they continue to face multiple limitations, including limited durability, mineralization, and restricted design space due to their biological origins. These issues necessitate the need for novel replacement heart valve biomaterials that are durable, non-thrombogenic, and compatible with transcatheter aortic valve replacement devices. In this study, we explored the suitability of an electrospun poly(carbonate urethane) (ES-PCU) mesh coated with a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel as a synthetic biomaterial for replacement heart valve leaflets. In this material design, the mesh provides the mechanical support, while the hydrogel provides the required surface hemocompatibility. We conducted a comprehensive study to characterize the structural and mechanical properties of the uncoated mesh as well as the hydrogel-coated mesh (composite biomaterial) over the estimated operational range. We found that the composite biomaterial was functionally robust with reproducible stress-strain behavior within and beyond the functional ranges for replacement heart valves, and was able to withstand the rigors of mechanical evaluation without any observable damage. In addition, the composite biomaterial displayed a wide range of mechanical anisotropic responses, which were governed by fiber orientation of the mesh, which in turn, was controlled with the fabrication process. Finally, we developed a novel constitutive modeling approach to predict the mechanical behavior of the composite biomaterial under in-plane extension and shear deformation modes. This model identified the existence of fiber-fiber mechanical interactions in the mesh that have not previously been reported. Interestingly, there was no evidence of fiber-hydrogel mechanical interactions. This important finding suggests that the hydrogel coating can be optimized for hemocompatibility independent of the structural mechanical responses required by the leaflet. This initial study indicated that the composite biomaterial has mechanical properties well-suited for replacement heart valve applications and that the electrospun mesh microarchitecture and hydrogel biological properties can be optimized independently. It also reveals that the structural mechanisms contributing to the mechanical response are more complicated than what was previously established and paves the pathway for more detailed future studies.
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3
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Immuno-regenerative biomaterials for in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering - Do patient characteristics warrant precision engineering? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113960. [PMID: 34481036 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In situ tissue engineering using bioresorbable material implants - or scaffolds - that harness the patient's immune response while guiding neotissue formation at the site of implantation is emerging as a novel therapy to regenerate human tissues. For the cardiovascular system, the use of such implants, like blood vessels and heart valves, is gradually entering the stage of clinical translation. This opens up the question if and to what extent patient characteristics influence tissue outcomes, necessitating the precision engineering of scaffolds to guide patient-specific neo-tissue formation. Because of the current scarcity of human in vivo data, herein we review and evaluate in vitro and preclinical investigations to predict the potential role of patient-specific parameters like sex, age, ethnicity, hemodynamics, and a multifactorial disease profile, with special emphasis on their contribution to the inflammation-driven processes of in situ tissue engineering. We conclude that patient-specific conditions have a strong impact on key aspects of in situ cardiovascular tissue engineering, including inflammation, hemodynamic conditions, scaffold resorption, and tissue remodeling capacity, suggesting that a tailored approach may be required to engineer immuno-regenerative biomaterials for safe and predictive clinical applicability.
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4
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Karakaya C, van Asten JGM, Ristori T, Sahlgren CM, Loerakker S. Mechano-regulated cell-cell signaling in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 21:5-54. [PMID: 34613528 PMCID: PMC8807458 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular tissue engineering (CVTE) aims to create living tissues, with the ability to grow and remodel, as replacements for diseased blood vessels and heart valves. Despite promising results, the (long-term) functionality of these engineered tissues still needs improvement to reach broad clinical application. The functionality of native tissues is ensured by their specific mechanical properties directly arising from tissue organization. We therefore hypothesize that establishing a native-like tissue organization is vital to overcome the limitations of current CVTE approaches. To achieve this aim, a better understanding of the growth and remodeling (G&R) mechanisms of cardiovascular tissues is necessary. Cells are the main mediators of tissue G&R, and their behavior is strongly influenced by both mechanical stimuli and cell-cell signaling. An increasing number of signaling pathways has also been identified as mechanosensitive. As such, they may have a key underlying role in regulating the G&R of tissues in response to mechanical stimuli. A more detailed understanding of mechano-regulated cell-cell signaling may thus be crucial to advance CVTE, as it could inspire new methods to control tissue G&R and improve the organization and functionality of engineered tissues, thereby accelerating clinical translation. In this review, we discuss the organization and biomechanics of native cardiovascular tissues; recent CVTE studies emphasizing the obtained engineered tissue organization; and the interplay between mechanical stimuli, cell behavior, and cell-cell signaling. In addition, we review past contributions of computational models in understanding and predicting mechano-regulated tissue G&R and cell-cell signaling to highlight their potential role in future CVTE strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Karakaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy G M van Asten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Sahlgren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands. .,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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Bracamonte JH, Wilson JS, Soares JS. Assessing Patient-Specific Mechanical Properties of Aortic Wall and Peri-Aortic Structures From In Vivo DENSE Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using an Inverse Finite Element Method and Elastic Foundation Boundary Conditions. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1085057. [PMID: 32632452 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of in vivo, noninvasive patient-specific, and regionally resolved techniques to quantify aortic properties is key to improving clinical risk assessment and scientific understanding of vascular growth and remodeling. A promising and novel technique to reach this goal is an inverse finite element method (FEM) approach that utilizes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived displacement fields from displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE). Previous studies using DENSE MRI suggested that the infrarenal abdominal aorta (IAA) deforms heterogeneously during the cardiac cycle. We hypothesize that this heterogeneity is driven in healthy aortas by regional adventitial tethering and interaction with perivascular tissues, which can be modeled with elastic foundation boundary conditions (EFBCs) using a collection of radially oriented springs with varying stiffness with circumferential distribution. Nine healthy IAAs were modeled using previously acquired patient-specific imaging and displacement fields from steady-state free procession (SSFP) and DENSE MRI, followed by assessment of aortic wall properties and heterogeneous EFBC parameters using inverse FEM. In contrast to traction-free boundary condition, prescription of EFBC reduced the nodal displacement error by 60% and reproduced the DENSE-derived heterogeneous strain distribution. Estimated aortic wall properties were in reasonable agreement with previously reported experimental biaxial testing data. The distribution of normalized EFBC stiffness was consistent among all patients and spatially correlated to standard peri-aortic anatomical features, suggesting that EFBC could be generalized for human adults with normal anatomy. This approach is computationally inexpensive, making it ideal for clinical research and future incorporation into cardiovascular fluid-structure analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johane H Bracamonte
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - John S Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Joao S Soares
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284
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6
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Loerakker S, Ristori T. Computational modeling for cardiovascular tissue engineering: the importance of including cell behavior in growth and remodeling algorithms. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 15:1-9. [PMID: 33997580 PMCID: PMC8105589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cardiovascular growth and remodeling (G&R) is fundamental for designing robust cardiovascular tissue engineering strategies, which enable synthetic or biological scaffolds to transform into healthy living tissues after implantation. Computational modeling, particularly when integrated with experimental research, is key for advancing our understanding, predicting the in vivo evolution of engineered tissues, and efficiently optimizing scaffold designs. As cells are ultimately the drivers of G&R and known to change their behavior in response to mechanical cues, increasing efforts are currently undertaken to capture (mechano-mediated) cell behavior in computational models. In this selective review, we highlight some recent examples that are relevant in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering and discuss the current and future biological and computational challenges for modeling cell-mediated G&R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper Building 15, 5612 AP, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper Building 7, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper Building 15, 5612 AP, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper Building 7, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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7
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Fallahi A, Mandla S, Kerr-Phillip T, Seo J, Rodrigues RO, Jodat YA, Samanipour R, Hussain MA, Lee CK, Bae H, Khademhosseini A, Travas-Sejdic J, Shin SR. Flexible and Stretchable PEDOT-Embedded Hybrid Substrates for Bioengineering and Sensory Applications. CHEMNANOMAT : CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY, BIOLOGY AND MORE 2019; 5:729-737. [PMID: 33859923 PMCID: PMC8045745 DOI: 10.1002/cnma.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a flexible, biocompatible, robust and conductive electrospun fiber mat as a substrate for flexible and stretchable electronic devices for various biomedical applications. To impart the electrospun fiber mats with electrical conductivity, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, was interpenetrated into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) crosslinked electrospun fiber mats. The mats were fabricated with tunable fiber orientation, random and aligned, and displayed elastomeric mechanical properties and high conductivity. In addition, bending the mats caused a reversible change in their resistance. The cytotoxicity studies confirmed that the elastomeric and conductive electrospun fiber mats support cardiac cell growth, and thus are adaptable to a wide range of applications, including tissue engineering, implantable sensors and wearable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Fallahi
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Serena Mandla
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- S. Mandla, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Kerr-Phillip
- Dr. T. Kerr-Phillip, Prof. J. Travas-Sejdic, Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
- Dr. T. Kerr-Phillip, Prof. J. Travas-Sejdic, The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Prof. J. Seo, Centre for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Raquel O Rodrigues
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- R. O. Rodrigues, Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Yasamin A Jodat
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Y. A. Jodat, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA
| | - Roya Samanipour
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Dr. R. Samanipour, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Asif Hussain
- Prof. M. A. Hussain, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chang Kee Lee
- Dr. C. K. Lee, Korea Packaging Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Bae
- Prof. H. Bae, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Prof. H. Bae, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Prof. A. Khademhosseini, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Centre for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), California NanoSystems Institute, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Dr. T. Kerr-Phillip, Prof. J. Travas-Sejdic, Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
- Dr. T. Kerr-Phillip, Prof. J. Travas-Sejdic, The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA, Office: (617) 768-8320,
- Dr. A. Fallahi, S. Mandla, Prof. J. Seo, R. O. Rodrigues, Y. A. Jodat, Dr. R. Samanipour, Prof. A. Khademhosseini, Dr. S. R. Shin, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Entezari A, Zhang Z, Sue A, Sun G, Huo X, Chang CC, Zhou S, Swain MV, Li Q. Nondestructive characterization of bone tissue scaffolds for clinical scenarios. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 89:150-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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A material modeling approach for the effective response of planar soft tissues for efficient computational simulations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 89:168-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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D'Amore A, Nasello G, Luketich SK, Denisenko D, Jacobs DL, Hoff R, Gibson G, Bruno A, T Raimondi M, Wagner WR. Meso-scale topological cues influence extracellular matrix production in a large deformation, elastomeric scaffold model. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8483-8495. [PMID: 30357253 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Physical cues are decisive factors in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and elaboration. Their transduction across scale lengths is an inherently symbiotic phenomenon that while influencing ECM fate is also mediated by the ECM structure itself. This study investigates the possibility of enhancing ECM elaboration by topological cues that, while not modifying the substrate macro scale mechanics, can affect the meso-scale strain range acting on cells incorporated within the scaffold. Vascular smooth muscle cell micro-integrated, electrospun scaffolds were fabricated with comparable macroscopic biaxial mechanical response, but different meso-scale topology. Seeded scaffolds were conditioned on a stretch bioreactor and exposed to large strain deformations. Samples were processed to evaluate ECM quantity and quality via: biochemical assay, qualitative and quantitative histological assessment and multi-photon analysis. Experimental evaluation was coupled to a numerical model that elucidated the relationship between the scaffold micro-architecture and the strain acting on the cells. Results showed an higher amount of ECM formation for the scaffold type characterized by lowest fiber intersection density. The numerical model simulations associated this result with the differences found for the change in cell nuclear aspect ratio and showed that given comparable macro scale mechanics, a difference in material topology created significant differences in cell-scaffold meso-scale deformations. These findings reaffirmed the role of cell shape in ECM formation and introduced a novel notion for the engineering of cardiac tissue where biomaterial structure can be designed to both mimick the organ level mechanics of a specific tissue of interest and elicit a desirable cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D'Amore
- Departments of Bioengineering and Surgery, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, 15216, USA.
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11
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Goor OJGM, Hendrikse SIS, Dankers PYW, Meijer EW. From supramolecular polymers to multi-component biomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6621-6637. [PMID: 28991958 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The most striking and general property of the biological fibrous architectures in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the strong and directional interaction between biologically active protein subunits. These fibers display rich dynamic behavior without losing their architectural integrity. The complexity of the ECM taking care of many essential properties has inspired synthetic chemists to mimic these properties in artificial one-dimensional fibrous structures with the aim to arrive at multi-component biomaterials. Due to the dynamic character required for interaction with natural tissue, supramolecular biomaterials are promising candidates for regenerative medicine. Depending on the application area, and thereby the design criteria of these multi-component fibrous biomaterials, they are used as elastomeric materials or hydrogel systems. Elastomeric materials are designed to have load bearing properties whereas hydrogels are proposed to support in vitro cell culture. Although the chemical structures and systems designed and studied today are rather simple compared to the complexity of the ECM, the first examples of these functional supramolecular biomaterials reaching the clinic have been reported. The basic concept of many of these supramolecular biomaterials is based on their ability to adapt to cell behavior as a result of dynamic non-covalent interactions. In this review, we show the translation of one-dimensional supramolecular polymers into multi-component functional biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga J G M Goor
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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D'Amore A, Luketich SK, Raffa GM, Olia S, Menallo G, Mazzola A, D'Accardi F, Grunberg T, Gu X, Pilato M, Kameneva MV, Badhwar V, Wagner WR. Heart valve scaffold fabrication: Bioinspired control of macro-scale morphology, mechanics and micro-structure. Biomaterials 2018; 150:25-37. [PMID: 29031049 PMCID: PMC5988585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Valvular heart disease is currently treated with mechanical valves, which benefit from longevity, but are burdened by chronic anticoagulation therapy, or with bioprosthetic valves, which have reduced thromboembolic risk, but limited durability. Tissue engineered heart valves have been proposed to resolve these issues by implanting a scaffold that is replaced by endogenous growth, leaving autologous, functional leaflets that would putatively eliminate the need for anticoagulation and avoid calcification. Despite the diversity in fabrication strategies and encouraging results in large animal models, control over engineered valve structure-function remains at best partial. This study aimed to overcome these limitations by introducing double component deposition (DCD), an electrodeposition technique that employs multi-phase electrodes to dictate valve macro and microstructure and resultant function. Results in this report demonstrate the capacity of the DCD method to simultaneously control scaffold macro-scale morphology, mechanics and microstructure while producing fully assembled stent-less multi-leaflet valves composed of microscopic fibers. DCD engineered valve characterization included: leaflet thickness, biaxial properties, bending properties, and quantitative structural analysis of multi-photon and scanning electron micrographs. Quasi-static ex-vivo valve coaptation testing and dynamic organ level functional assessment in a pressure pulse duplicating device demonstrated appropriate acute valve functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D'Amore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Fondazione RiMED, Italy; Dipartimento innovazione industriale e digitale (DIIT), Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuel K Luketich
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe M Raffa
- Istituto mediterraneo trapianti e terapie ad alta specializzazione (ISMETT), UPMC, Italy
| | - Salim Olia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Artificial Heart Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giorgio Menallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Antonino Mazzola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Dipartimento innovazione industriale e digitale (DIIT), Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavio D'Accardi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Dipartimento innovazione industriale e digitale (DIIT), Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - Tamir Grunberg
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; ORT Braude College of Engineering, Israel
| | - Xinzhu Gu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michele Pilato
- Istituto mediterraneo trapianti e terapie ad alta specializzazione (ISMETT), UPMC, Italy
| | - Marina V Kameneva
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vinay Badhwar
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Dep. of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - William R Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Carleton JB, Rodin GJ, Sacks MS. Layered Elastomeric Fibrous Scaffolds: An In-Silico Study of the Achievable Range of Mechanical Behaviors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2907-2921. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James B. Carleton
- Center
for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering
and Sciences and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gregory J. Rodin
- Center
for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering
and Sciences and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, 210 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael S. Sacks
- Center
for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering
and Sciences and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, 210 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Ma H, Killaars AR, DelRio FW, Yang C, Anseth KS. Myofibroblastic activation of valvular interstitial cells is modulated by spatial variations in matrix elasticity and its organization. Biomaterials 2017; 131:131-144. [PMID: 28390245 PMCID: PMC5452973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are key regulators of the heart valve's extracellular matrix (ECM), and upon tissue damage, quiescent VIC fibroblasts become activated to myofibroblasts. As the behavior of VICs during disease progression and wound healing is different compared to healthy tissue, we hypothesized that the organization of the matrix mechanics, which results from depositing of collagen fibers, would affect VIC phenotypic transition. Specifically, we investigated how the subcellular organization of ECM mechanical properties affects subcellular localization of Yes-associated protein (YAP), an early marker of mechanotransduction, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a myofibroblast marker, in VICs. Photo-tunable hydrogels were used to generate substrates with different moduli and to create organized and disorganized patterns of varying elastic moduli. When porcine VICs were cultured on these matrices, YAP and α-SMA activation were significantly increased on substrates with higher elastic modulus or a higher percentage of stiff regions. Moreover, VICs cultured on substrates with a spatially disorganized elasticity had smaller focal adhesions, less nuclear localized YAP, less α-SMA organization into stress fibers and higher proliferation compared to those cultured on substrates with a regular mechanical organization. Collectively, these results suggest that disorganized spatial variations in mechanics that appear during wound healing and fibrotic disease progression may influence the maintenance of the VIC fibroblast phenotype, causing more proliferation, ECM remodeling and matrix deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Anouk R Killaars
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Frank W DelRio
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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15
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Soares JS, Zhang W, Sacks MS. A mathematical model for the determination of forming tissue moduli in needled-nonwoven scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2017; 51:220-236. [PMID: 28063987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Formation of engineering tissues (ET) remains an important scientific area of investigation for both clinical translational and mechanobiological studies. Needled-nonwoven (NNW) scaffolds represent one of the most ubiquitous biomaterials based on their well-documented capacity to sustain tissue formation and the unique property of substantial construct stiffness amplification, the latter allowing for very sensitive determination of forming tissue modulus. Yet, their use in more fundamental studies is hampered by the lack of: (1) substantial understanding of the mechanics of the NNW scaffold itself under finite deformations and means to model the complex mechanical interactions between scaffold fibers, cells, and de novo tissue; and (2) rational models with reliable predictive capabilities describing their evolving mechanical properties and their response to mechanical stimulation. Our objective is to quantify the mechanical properties of the forming ET phase in constructs that utilize NNW scaffolds. We present herein a novel mathematical model to quantify their stiffness based on explicit considerations of the modulation of NNW scaffold fiber-fiber interactions and effective fiber stiffness by surrounding de novo ECM. Specifically, fibers in NNW scaffolds are effectively stiffer than if acting alone due to extensive fiber-fiber cross-over points that impart changes in fiber geometry, particularly crimp wavelength and amplitude. Fiber-fiber interactions in NNW scaffolds also play significant role in the bulk anisotropy of the material, mainly due to fiber buckling and large translational out-of-plane displacements occurring to fibers undergoing contraction. To calibrate the model parameters, we mechanically tested impregnated NNW scaffolds with polyacrylamide (PAM) gels with a wide range of moduli with values chosen to mimic the effects of surrounding tissues on the scaffold fiber network. Results indicated a high degree of model fidelity over a wide range of planar strains. Lastly, we illustrated the impact of our modeling approach quantifying the stiffness of engineered ECM after in vitro incubation and early stages of in vivo implantation obtained in a concurrent study of engineered tissue pulmonary valves in an ovine model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Regenerative medicine has the potential to fully restore diseased tissues or entire organs with engineered tissues. Needled-nonwoven scaffolds can be employed to serve as the support for their growth. However, there is a lack of understanding of the mechanics of these materials and their interactions with the forming tissues. We developed a mathematical model for these scaffold-tissue composites to quantify the mechanical properties of the forming tissues. Firstly, these measurements are pivotal to achieve functional requirements for tissue engineering implants; however, the theoretical development yielded critical insight into particular mechanisms and behaviors of these scaffolds that were not possible to conjecture without the insight given by modeling, let alone describe or foresee a priori.
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Affiliation(s)
- João S Soares
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, Stop C0200, Austin, TX 78712-1229, United States
| | - Will Zhang
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, Stop C0200, Austin, TX 78712-1229, United States
| | - Michael S Sacks
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, Stop C0200, Austin, TX 78712-1229, United States.
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16
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A Dual-Mode Bioreactor System for Tissue Engineered Vascular Models. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1496-1510. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Seriani S, Del Favero G, Mahaffey J, Marko D, Gallina P, Long CS, Mestroni L, Sbaizero O. The cell-stretcher: A novel device for the mechanical stimulation of cell populations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:084301. [PMID: 27587132 DOI: 10.1063/1.4959884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation appears to be a critical modulator for many aspects of biology, both of living tissue and cells. The cell-stretcher, a novel device for the mechanical uniaxial stimulation of populations of cells, is described. The system is based on a variable stroke cam-lever-tappet mechanism which allows the delivery of cyclic stimuli with frequencies of up to 10 Hz and deformation between 1% and 20%. The kinematics is presented and a simulation of the dynamics of the system is shown, in order to compute the contact forces in the mechanism. The cells, following cultivation and preparation, are plated on an ad hoc polydimethylsiloxane membrane which is then loaded on the clamps of the cell-stretcher via force-adjustable magnetic couplings. In order to show the viability of the experimentation and biocompatibility of the cell-stretcher, a set of two in vitro tests were performed. Human epithelial carcinoma cell line A431 and Adult Mouse Ventricular Fibroblasts (AMVFs) from a dual reporter mouse were subject to 0.5 Hz, 24 h cyclic stretching at 15% strain, and to 48 h stimulation at 0.5 Hz and 15% strain, respectively. Visual analysis was performed on A431, showing definite morphological changes in the form of cellular extroflections in the direction of stimulation compared to an unstimulated control. A cytometric analysis was performed on the AMVF population. Results show a post-stimulation live-dead ratio deviance of less than 6% compared to control, which proves that the environment created by the cell-stretcher is suitable for in vitro experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seriani
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Mahaffey
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - D Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Gallina
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - C S Long
- University of Colorado and Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA
| | - L Mestroni
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - O Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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