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Podgórski R, Wojasiński M, Małolepszy A, Jaroszewicz J, Ciach T. Fabrication of 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Multiscale Porosity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29186-29204. [PMID: 39005818 PMCID: PMC11238315 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
3D printing is a promising technique for producing bone implants, but there is still a need to adjust efficiency, facilitate production, and improve biocompatibility. Porous materials have a proven positive effect on the regeneration of bone tissue, but their production is associated with numerous limitations. In this work, we described a simple method of producing polymer or polymer-ceramic filaments for 3D-printing scaffolds by adding micrometer-scale porous structures on scaffold surfaces. Scaffolds included polycaprolactone (PCL) as the primary polymer, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as the ceramic filler, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a porogen. The pressurized filament extrusion gave flexible filaments composed of PCL, β-TCP, and PEG, which are ready to use in fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers. Washing of 3D-printed scaffolds in ethanol solution removed PEG and revealed a microporous structure and ceramic particles on the scaffold's surfaces. Furthermore, 3D-printed materials exhibit good printing precision, no cytotoxic properties, and highly impact MG63 cell alignment. Although combining PCL, PEG, and β-TCP is quite popular, the presented method allows the production of porous scaffolds with a well-organized structure without advanced equipment, and the produced filaments can be used to 3D print scaffolds on a simple commercially available 3D printer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Małolepszy
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Yang F, Li Y, Wang L, Che H, Zhang X, Jahr H, Wang L, Jiang D, Huang H, Wang J. Full-thickness osteochondral defect repair using a biodegradable bilayered scaffold of porous zinc and chondroitin sulfate hydrogel. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:400-414. [PMID: 37885916 PMCID: PMC10598503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of osteochondral tissue necessitates the re-establishment of a gradient owing to the unique characteristics and healing potential of the chondral and osseous phases. As the self-healing capacity of hyaline cartilage is limited, timely mechanical support during neo-cartilage formation is crucial to achieving optimal repair efficacy. In this study, we devised a biodegradable bilayered scaffold, comprising chondroitin sulfate (CS) hydrogel to regenerate chondral tissue and a porous pure zinc (Zn) scaffold for regeneration of the underlying bone as mechanical support for the cartilage layer. The photocured CS hydrogel possessed a compressive strength of 82 kPa, while the porous pure Zn scaffold exhibited a yield strength of 11 MPa and a stiffness of 0.8 GPa. Such mechanical properties are similar to values reported for cancellous bone. In vitro biological experiments demonstrated that the bilayered scaffold displayed favorable cytocompatibility and promoted chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Upon implantation, the scaffold facilitated the simultaneous regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue in a porcine model, resulting in (i) a smoother cartilage surface, (ii) more hyaline-like cartilage, and (iii) a superior integration into the adjacent host tissue. Our bilayered scaffold exhibits significant potential for clinical application in osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yageng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Haodong Che
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luning Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jianquan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Peng Y, Zhuang Y, Liu Y, Le H, Li D, Zhang M, Liu K, Zhang Y, Zuo J, Ding J. Bioinspired gradient scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210043. [PMID: 37933242 PMCID: PMC10624381 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Repairing articular osteochondral defects present considerable challenges in self-repair due to the complex tissue structure and low proliferation of chondrocytes. Conventional clinical therapies have not shown significant efficacy, including microfracture, autologous/allograft osteochondral transplantation, and cell-based techniques. Therefore, tissue engineering has been widely explored in repairing osteochondral defects by leveraging the natural regenerative potential of biomaterials to control cell functions. However, osteochondral tissue is a gradient structure with a smooth transition from the cartilage to subchondral bone, involving changes in chondrocyte morphologies and phenotypes, extracellular matrix components, collagen type and orientation, and cytokines. Bioinspired scaffolds have been developed by simulating gradient characteristics in heterogeneous tissues, such as the pores, components, and osteochondrogenesis-inducing factors, to satisfy the anisotropic features of osteochondral matrices. Bioinspired gradient scaffolds repair osteochondral defects by altering the microenvironments of cell growth to induce osteochondrogenesis and promote the formation of osteochondral interfaces compared with homogeneous scaffolds. This review outlines the meaningful strategies for repairing osteochondral defects by tissue engineering based on gradient scaffolds and predicts the pros and cons of prospective translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Peng
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Yaling Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
- Institute of BioengineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hanxiang Le
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Mingran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunP. R. China
| | - Jianlin Zuo
- Department of OrthopedicsChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunP. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiP. R. China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunP. R. China
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Sorze A, Valentini F, Dorigato A, Pegoretti A. Salt leaching as a green method for the production of polyethylene foams for thermal energy storage applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sorze
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Francesco Valentini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
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Najjari A, Mehdinavaz Aghdam R, Ebrahimi SAS, Suresh K S, Krishnan S, Shanthi C, Ramalingam M. Smart piezoelectric biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a review. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2022; 67:71-88. [PMID: 35313098 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2021-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the presence of electric fields and piezoelectricity in various living tissues, piezoelectric materials have been incorporated into biomedical applications especially for tissue regeneration. The piezoelectric scaffolds can perfectly mimic the environment of natural tissues. The ability of scaffolds which have been made from piezoelectric materials in promoting cell proliferation and regeneration of damaged tissues has encouraged researchers in biomedical areas to work on various piezoelectric materials for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. In this review article, the way that cells of different tissues like cardio, bone, cartilage, bladder, nerve, skin, tendon, and ligament respond to electric fields and the mechanism of tissue regeneration with the help of piezoelectric effect will be discussed. Furthermore, all of the piezoelectric materials are not suitable for biomedical applications even if they have high piezoelectricity since other properties such as biocompatibility are vital. Seen in this light, the proper piezoelectric materials which are approved for biomedical applications are mentioned. Totally, the present review introduces the recent materials and technologies that have been used for tissue engineering besides the role of electric fields in living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Najjari
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - S A Seyyed Ebrahimi
- Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoma Suresh K
- Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chittibabu Shanthi
- Biomaterials & Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Capuana E, Lopresti F, Ceraulo M, La Carrubba V. Poly-l-Lactic Acid (PLLA)-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine: A Review on Processing and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1153. [PMID: 35335484 PMCID: PMC8955974 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biopolymers are effective cues to replace damaged tissue in the tissue engineering (TE) field, both for in vitro and in vivo application. Among them, poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) has been highlighted as a biomaterial with tunable mechanical properties and biodegradability that allows for the fabrication of porous scaffolds with different micro/nanostructures via various approaches. In this review, we discuss the structure of PLLA, its main properties, and the most recent advances in overcoming its hydrophobic, synthetic nature, which limits biological signaling and protein absorption. With this aim, PLLA-based scaffolds can be exposed to surface modification or combined with other biomaterials, such as natural or synthetic polymers and bioceramics. Further, various fabrication technologies, such as phase separation, electrospinning, and 3D printing, of PLLA-based scaffolds are scrutinized along with the in vitro and in vivo applications employed in various tissue repair strategies. Overall, this review focuses on the properties and applications of PLLA in the TE field, finally affording an insight into future directions and challenges to address an effective improvement of scaffold properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Manuela Ceraulo
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
- ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Darie-Niță RN, Râpă M, Frąckowiak S. Special Features of Polyester-Based Materials for Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:951. [PMID: 35267774 PMCID: PMC8912343 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents current possibilities of using polyester-based materials in hard and soft tissue engineering, wound dressings, surgical implants, vascular reconstructive surgery, ophthalmology, and other medical applications. The review summarizes the recent literature on the key features of processing methods and potential suitable combinations of polyester-based materials with improved physicochemical and biological properties that meet the specific requirements for selected medical fields. The polyester materials used in multiresistant infection prevention, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as aspects covering environmental concerns, current risks and limitations, and potential future directions are also addressed. Depending on the different features of polyester types, as well as their specific medical applications, it can be generally estimated that 25-50% polyesters are used in the medical field, while an increase of at least 20% has been achieved since the COVID-19 pandemic started. The remaining percentage is provided by other types of natural or synthetic polymers; i.e., 25% polyolefins in personal protection equipment (PPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Niță
- Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Maria Râpă
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stanisław Frąckowiak
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 50-013 Wrocław, Poland;
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Dynamic process enhancement on chitosan/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite-bone derived multilayer scaffold for osteochondral tissue repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Lopresti F, Pavia FC, Ceraulo M, Capuana E, Brucato V, Ghersi G, Botta L, La Carrubba V. Physical and biological properties of electrospun poly(d,l-lactide)/nanoclay and poly(d,l-lactide)/nanosilica nanofibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2120-2136. [PMID: 33942505 PMCID: PMC8518812 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun scaffolds exhibiting high physical performances with the ability to support cell attachment and proliferation are attracting more and more scientific interest for tissue engineering applications. The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles such as nanosilica and nanoclay into electrospun biopolymeric matrices can meet these challenging requirements. The silica and clay incorporation into polymeric nanofibers has been reported to enhance and improve the mechanical properties as well as the osteogenic properties of the scaffolds. In this work, for the first time, the physical and biological properties of polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun mats filled with different concentrations of nanosilica and nanoclay were evaluated and compared. The inclusion of the particles was evaluated through morphological investigations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of nanofibers was differently affected by the amount and kind of fillers and it was correlated to the viscosity of the polymeric suspensions. The wettability of the scaffolds, evaluated through wet contact angle measurements, slightly increased for both the nanocomposites. The crystallinity of the systems was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry highlighting the nucleating action of both nanosilica and nanoclay on PLA. Scaffolds were mechanically characterized with tensile tests to evaluate the reinforcing action of the fillers. Finally, cell culture assays with pre-osteoblastic cells were conducted on a selected composite scaffold in order to compare the cell proliferation and morphology with that of neat PLA scaffolds. Based on the results, we can convince that nanosilica and nanoclay can be both considered great potential fillers for electrospun systems engineered for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuela Ceraulo
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Elisa Capuana
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Giulio Ghersi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of EngineeringUniversity of Palermo, RU INSTMPalermoItaly
- ATeN CenterUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
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McKenzie TJ, Smail S, Rost K, Rishi K, Beaucage G, Ayres N. Multi-layered polymerized high internal phase emulsions with controllable porosity and strong interfaces. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Mohaghegh S, Hosseini SF, Rad MR, Khojateh A. 3D Printed Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A systematic review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:648-709. [PMID: 35135465 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of fabrication factors on both biological and physico-chemical features of 3-dimensional (3D) printed composite scaffolds. METHOD Electronic search was done according to the PRISMA guideline in PubMed and Scopus databases limited to English articles published until May 2021.Studies in which composite scaffolds were fabricated through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-based methods were included.Articles regarding the features of the scaffolds fabricated through indirect techniques were excluded. RESULTS Full text of 121 studies were reviewed, and 69 met the inclusion criteria. According to analyzed studies, PCL and HA were the most commonly used polymer and ceramic,respectively. Besides,the Solvent-based technique was the most commonly used composition technique, which enabled preparing blends with high concentrations of ceramic materials. The most common fabrication method used in the included studies was Fused deposition modeling (FDM).The addition of bio-ceramics enhanced the mechanical features and the biological behaviors of the printed scaffolds in a ratio-dependent manner. However,studies that analyzed the effect of ceramic weight ratio showed that scaffolds with the highest ceramic content did not necessarily possess the optimal biological and non-biological features. CONCLUSION The biological and physico-chemical behaviors of the scaffold can be affected by pre-printing factors, including utilized materials, composition techniques, and fabrication methods. Fabricating scaffolds with high mineral content as of the natural bone may not provide the optimal condition for bone formation. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies compare the efficiency of different kinds of biomaterials rather than different weight ratios of one type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Mohaghegh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Arash Khojateh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
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Xu D, Cheng G, Dai J, Li Z. Bi-layered Composite Scaffold for Repair of the Osteochondral Defects. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:401-414. [PMID: 33076773 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteochondral defect presents a big challenge for clinical treatment. This study aimed at constructing a bi-layered composite chitosan/chitosan-β-tricalcium phosphate (CS/CS-β-TCP) scaffold and at repairing the rat osteochondral defect. Approach: The bi-layered CS/CS-β-TCP scaffold was fabricated by lyophilization, and its microstructure was observed by a scanning electron microscope. Chondrocytes and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were seeded into the CS layer and the CS-β-TCP layer, respectively. Viability and proliferation ability of the cells were observed under a confocal microscope. After subcutaneous implantation, the chondrogenic ability of the CS layer and osteogenic ability of the CS-β-TCP layer were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Then, the bi-layered scaffolds were implanted into the rat osteochondral defects and the harvested samples were macroscopically and histologically evaluated. Results: The bi-layered CS/CS-β-TCP scaffold exhibited the distinctive microstructures for each layer. The seeded chondrocytes in the CS layer could maintain the chondrogenic lineage, whereas BMSCs in the CS-β-TCP layer could continually differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. Moreover, cells in both layers could maintain well viability and excellent proliferation ability. For the in vivo study, the newly formed tissues in the bi-layered scaffolds group were similar with the native osteochondral tissues, which comprised hyaline-like cartilage and subchondral bone, with better repair effects compared with those of the pure CS group and the blank control group. Innovation: This is the first time that the bi-layered composite CS/CS-β-TCP scaffold has been fabricated and evaluated with respect to osteochondral defect repair. Conclusion: The bi-layered CS/CS-β-TCP scaffolds could facilitate osteochondral defect repair and might be the promising candidates for osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gu Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Dai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhukova PA, Senatov FS, Zadorozhnyy MY, Chmelyuk NS, Zaharova VA. Polymer Composite Materials Based on Polylactide with a Shape Memory Effect for "Self-Fitting" Bone Implants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142367. [PMID: 34301124 PMCID: PMC8309584 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of adaptive medical structures is one of the promising areas of bioengineering. Polymer composite materials based on polylactide (PLA) are interesting not only for their properties, such as biocompatibility, mechanical properties, biodegradation, and convenience of use, but also for demonstrating shape memory effect (SME). In this study, reducing the activation initiation temperature and the SME activation energy was achieved by forming a composite based on PLA containing 10% poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The effect of the plasticizer on the structure, mechanical properties, and especially SME of the composite, was studied by DSC, SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, compression tests, and DMA. By varying the composition, the beginning of the SME activation was reached at 45 °C, and the apparent activation energy of the process decreased by 85 kJ/mol, ensuring safe and effective use of the material as a precursor for temporary self-fitting scaffolds for reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Zhukova
- National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (M.Y.Z.); (N.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-901-753-21-40
| | - F. S. Senatov
- National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (M.Y.Z.); (N.S.C.)
| | - M. Yu. Zadorozhnyy
- National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (M.Y.Z.); (N.S.C.)
| | - N. S. Chmelyuk
- National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninskiy pr. 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia; (F.S.S.); (M.Y.Z.); (N.S.C.)
| | - V. A. Zaharova
- A.N. Kosygin Russian State University, St. Sadovnycheskaya 33/1, 115035 Moscow, Russia;
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14
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Capuana E, Lopresti F, Carfì Pavia F, Brucato V, La Carrubba V. Solution-Based Processing for Scaffold Fabrication in Tissue Engineering Applications: A Brief Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2041. [PMID: 34206515 PMCID: PMC8271609 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of 3D scaffolds is under wide investigation in tissue engineering (TE) because of its incessant development of new advanced technologies and the improvement of traditional processes. Currently, scientific and clinical research focuses on scaffold characterization to restore the function of missing or damaged tissues. A key for suitable scaffold production is the guarantee of an interconnected porous structure that allows the cells to grow as in native tissue. The fabrication techniques should meet the appropriate requirements, including feasible reproducibility and time- and cost-effective assets. This is necessary for easy processability, which is associated with the large range of biomaterials supporting the use of fabrication technologies. This paper presents a review of scaffold fabrication methods starting from polymer solutions that provide highly porous structures under controlled process parameters. In this review, general information of solution-based technologies, including freeze-drying, thermally or diffusion induced phase separation (TIPS or DIPS), and electrospinning, are presented, along with an overview of their technological strategies and applications. Furthermore, the differences in the fabricated constructs in terms of pore size and distribution, porosity, morphology, and mechanical and biological properties, are clarified and critically reviewed. Then, the combination of these techniques for obtaining scaffolds is described, offering the advantages of mimicking the unique architecture of tissues and organs that are intrinsically difficult to design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (F.C.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (F.C.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Francesco Carfì Pavia
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (F.C.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Valerio Brucato
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (F.C.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (F.C.P.); (V.B.)
- ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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15
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Lee JH, Uyama H, Kwon OK, Kim YJ. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species-releasing polylactic acid monolith for enhanced photothermal therapy of osteosarcoma. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Lowen JM, Leach JK. Functionally graded biomaterials for use as model systems and replacement tissues. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909089. [PMID: 33456431 PMCID: PMC7810245 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of native tissues requires complex materials to provide suitable substitutes for model systems and replacement tissues. Functionally graded materials have the potential to address this challenge by mimicking the gradients in heterogeneous tissues such as porosity, mineralization, and fiber alignment to influence strength, ductility, and cell signaling. Advancements in microfluidics, electrospinning, and 3D printing enable the creation of increasingly complex gradient materials that further our understanding of physiological gradients. The combination of these methods enables rapid prototyping of constructs with high spatial resolution. However, successful translation of these gradients requires both spatial and temporal presentation of cues to model the complexity of native tissues that few materials have demonstrated. This review highlights recent strategies to engineer functionally graded materials for the modeling and repair of heterogeneous tissues, together with a description of how cells interact with various gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Lowen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
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17
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Zonta E, Valentini F, Dorigato A, Fambri L, Pegoretti A. Evaluation of the salt leaching method for the production of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber foams. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Zonta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Francesco Valentini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Luca Fambri
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and INSTM Research Unit University of Trento Trento Italy
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18
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Frassica MT, Grunlan MA. Perspectives on Synthetic Materials to Guide Tissue Regeneration for Osteochondral Defect Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4324-4336. [PMID: 33455185 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative engineering holds the potential to treat clinically pervasive osteochondral defects (OCDs). In a synthetic materials-guided approach, the scaffold's chemical and physical properties alone instruct cellular behavior in order to effect regeneration, referred to herein as "instructive" properties. While this alleviates the costs and off-target risks associated with exogenous growth factors, the scaffold must be potently instructive to achieve tissue growth. Moreover, toward achieving functionality, such a scaffold should also recapitulate the spatial complexity of the osteochondral tissues. Thus, in addition to the regeneration of the articular cartilage and underlying cancellous bone, the complex osteochondral interface, composed of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone, should also be restored. In this Perspective, we highlight recent synthetic-based, instructive osteochondral scaffolds that have leveraged new material chemistries as well as innovative fabrication strategies. In particular, scaffolds with spatially complex chemical and morphological features have been prepared with electrospinning, solvent-casting-particulate-leaching, freeze-drying, and additive manufacturing. While few synthetic scaffolds have advanced to clinical studies to treat OCDs, these recent efforts point to the promising use of the chemical and physical properties of synthetic materials for regeneration of osteochondral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Frassica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2120, United States
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2120, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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19
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Alksne M, Kalvaityte M, Simoliunas E, Rinkunaite I, Gendviliene I, Locs J, Rutkunas V, Bukelskiene V. In vitro comparison of 3D printed polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite and polylactic acid/bioglass composite scaffolds: Insights into materials for bone regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103641. [PMID: 32174399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioglass (BG) bioceramics composites is the most promising technique for artificial bone construction. However, HA and BG have different chemical composition as well as different bone regeneration inducing mechanisms. Thus, it is important to compare differentiation processes induced by 3D printed PLA + HA and PLA + BG scaffolds in order to evaluate the strongest osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties possessing bioceramics. In this study, we analysed porous PLA + HA (10%) and PLA + BG (10%) composites' effect on rat's dental pulp stem cells fate in vitro. Obtained results indicated, that PLA + BG scaffolds lead to weaker cell adhesion and proliferation than PLA + HA. Nevertheless, osteoinductive and other biofriendly properties were more pronounced by PLA + BG composites. Overall, the results showed a strong advantage of bioceramic BG against HA, thus, 3D printed PLA + BG composite scaffolds could be a perspective component for patient-specific, cheaper and faster artificial bone tissue production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Alksne
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Migle Kalvaityte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Simoliunas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Rinkunaite
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Gendviliene
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Zalgirio Str. 115, LT-08217, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Vygandas Rutkunas
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Zalgirio Str. 115, LT-08217, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Bukelskiene
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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20
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Ju J, Peng X, Huang K, Li L, Liu X, Chitrakar C, Chang L, Gu Z, Kuang T. High-performance porous PLLA-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Hui X, Geng X, Jia L, Xu Z, Ye L, Gu Y, Zhang AY, Feng ZG. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of surface heparinized small diameter tissue engineered vascular scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone) embedded with collagen suture. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:812-826. [PMID: 31475873 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219873174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liujun Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pre-clinic Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Fuwai Hospital National Cardiovascular Center, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqin Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital and Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital and Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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22
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Zahid S, Khalid H, Ikram F, Iqbal H, Samie M, Shahzadi L, Shah AT, Yar M, Chaudhry AA, Awan SJ, Khan AF, Rehman IU. Bi-layered α-tocopherol acetate loaded membranes for potential wound healing and skin regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:438-447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Hu X, Li W, Li L, Lu Y, Wang Y, Parungao R, Zheng S, Liu T, Nie Y, Wang H, Song K. A biomimetic cartilage gradient hybrid scaffold for functional tissue engineering of cartilage. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:84-92. [PMID: 31133251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue has a complex layered structure that is not self-repairing after a cartilage defect. Therefore, constructing a biomimetic gradient scaffold that meets the specific structural requirements of osteochondral tissue is a major challenge in the field of cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, chitosan/Sodium β-glycerophosphate/Gelatin (Cs/GP/Gel) biomimetic gradient scaffolds were prepared by regulating the mass ratio of single layer raw materials. The same ratio of Cs/GP/Gel hybrid scaffold material was used as the control. Physical properties such as water absorption, porosity and the degradation rate of the material were compared to optimize the proportion of scaffold materials. P3 Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) were inoculated on the gradient and the control scaffolds to investigate its biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that 3:1:2, 6:1:3.5, 9:1:5, 12:1:6.5, 15:1:8 Cs/GP/Gel gradient scaffolds had excellent three-dimensional porous structures. Channels were also shown to have been interconnected, and the walls of the pores were folded. In the longitudinal dimension, gradient scaffolds had an obvious stratified structure and pore gradient gradualism, that effectively simulated the natural physiological stratified structure of real cartilage. The diameter of the pores in the control scaffold was uniform and without any pore gradient. Gradient scaffolds had good water absorption (584.24 ± 3.79˜677.47 ± 1.70%), porosity (86.34 ± 5.10˜95.20 ± 2.86%) and degradation (86.09 ± 2.46˜92.48 ± 3.86%). After considering the physical properties assessed, the Cs/GP/Gel gradient scaffold with a ratio of 9:1:5 was found to be the most suitable material to support osteochondral tissue. BMSCs were subsequently inoculated on the proportional gradient and hybrid scaffolds culture. These cells survived, distributed and extended well on the gradient and hybrid scaffold material. The biomimetic gradient scaffold designed and prepared in this study provides an important foundation for the development of new gradient composite biomedical materials for osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yanguo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Roxanne Parungao
- Burns Research Group, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yi Nie
- Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Kedong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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24
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Ambekar RS, Kandasubramanian B. Progress in the Advancement of Porous Biopolymer Scaffold: Tissue Engineering Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh S. Ambekar
- Rapid Prototype & Electrospinning Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Rapid Prototype & Electrospinning Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, DIAT (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune 411025, India
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25
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Baena JM, Jiménez G, López-Ruiz E, Antich C, Griñán-Lisón C, Perán M, Gálvez-Martín P, Marchal JA. Volume-by-volume bioprinting of chondrocytes-alginate bioinks in high temperature thermoplastic scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:13-21. [PMID: 30630373 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218821128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT 3D bioprinting represents a novel advance in the area of regenerative biomedicine and tissue engineering for the treatment of different pathologies, among which are those related to cartilage. Currently, the use of different thermoplastic polymers, such as PLA or PCL, for bioprinting processes presents an important limitation: the high temperatures that are required for extrusion affect the cell viability and the final characteristics of the construct. In this work, we present a novel bioprinting process called volume-by-volume (VbV) that allows us to preserve cell viability after bioprinting. This procedure allows cell injection at a safe thermoplastic temperature, and also allows the cells to be deposited in the desired areas of the construct, without the limitations caused by high temperatures. The VbV process could make it easier to bring 3D bioprinting into the clinic, allowing the generation of tissue constructs with polymers that are currently approved for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Baena
- 1 Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - G Jiménez
- 1 Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.,2 Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.,3 Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain.,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - E López-Ruiz
- 1 Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.,4 Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - C Antich
- 1 Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.,2 Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.,3 Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain
| | - C Griñán-Lisón
- 1 Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.,2 Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain
| | - M Perán
- 1 Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.,4 Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - P Gálvez-Martín
- 5 Advanced Therapies Area, Pharmascience Division, Bioibérica S.A.U. E-08029, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Marchal
- 1 Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain.,2 Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.,3 Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18016, Spain
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26
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Ninago MD, Ciolino AE, Villar MA. Improvement in poly(ε-caprolactone) bio-activity. Structural characterization and in vitro assessment. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1552864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario D. Ninago
- Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas a la Industria (FCAI), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), San Rafael, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés E. Ciolino
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A. Villar
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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27
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Zhao N, Lv Z, Ma J, Zhu C, Li Q. Fabrication of hydrophilic small diameter vascular foam scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone)/polylactic blend by sodium hydroxide solution. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Kumar Singh M, Zafar S, Talha M. Development of porous bio-composites through microwave curing for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2019; 18:731-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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29
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Li Y, Zhang C, Zhu L, Ahmad Z, Li J, Chang M. Elastic antibacterial membranes comprising particulate laden fibers for wound healing applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of ChinaZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - C. Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of ChinaZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - L.‐F. Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of ChinaZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Leicester School of PharmacyDe Montfort University, The Gateway Leicester LE1 9BH United Kingdom
| | - J.‐S. Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of ChinaZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - M.‐W. Chang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry of ChinaZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness AppraisalZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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30
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Lv Z, Zhao N, Wu Z, Zhu C, Li Q. Fabrication of Novel Open-Cell Foams of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Poly(lactic acid) Blends for Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Lv
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Changwei Zhu
- Sirade Technologies,
Inc., Toronto L4E 0S7, Canada
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Abdal-hay A, Abbasi N, Gwiazda M, Hamlet S, Ivanovski S. Novel polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds by direct melt-electrospinning writing. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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32
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Processing, structure, property relationships and release kinetics of electrospun PLA/Carvacrol membranes. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Khorshidi S, Karkhaneh A. A review on gradient hydrogel/fiber scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1974-e1990. [PMID: 29243352 DOI: 10.1002/term.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue regeneration is a complicated field due to the distinct properties and healing potential of osseous and chondral phases. In a natural osteochondral region, the composition, mechanics, and structure vary smoothly from bony to cartilaginous phase. Therefore, a homogeneous scaffold cannot satisfy the complexity of the osteochondral matrix. In essence, a natural extracellular matrix is composed of fibrous proteins elongated into a gelatinous background. A hydrogel/fiber scaffold possessing gradient in both phases would be of the utmost interest to imitate tissue arrangement of a native osteochondral interface. However, there are limited research works that exploit hydrogel/fiber scaffolds for osteochondral restoration. In the present review, currently used fibrous or gelatinous scaffolds for osteochondral damages are discussed. Moreover, superiority of using gradient hydrogel/fiber composites for osteochondral regeneration and practical approaches to develop those scaffolds is debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Khorshidi
- Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Karkhaneh
- Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Preparation, characterization and hydrolytic degradation of PLA/PCL co-mingled nanofibrous mats prepared via dual-jet electrospinning. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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An in vivo evaluation of a novel malleable composite scaffold (polypropylene carbonate/ poly(D-lactic acid) /tricalcium phosphate elastic composites) for bone defect repair. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Polycaprolactone-based scaffold for oil-selective sorption and improvement of bacteria activity for bioremediation of polluted water. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Liu Y, Gill E, Shery Huang YY. Microfluidic on-chip biomimicry for 3D cell culture: a fit-for-purpose investigation from the end user standpoint. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO173. [PMID: 28670465 PMCID: PMC5481809 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of 3D and microfluidics-based culture models have been demonstrated in the recent years with the ultimate aim to facilitate predictive in vitro models for pharmaceutical development. This article summarizes to date the progress in the microfluidics-based tissue culture models, including organ-on-a-chip and vasculature-on-a-chip. Specific focus is placed on addressing the question of what kinds of 3D culture and system complexities are deemed desirable by the biological and biomedical community. This question is addressed through analysis of a research survey to evaluate the potential use of microfluidic cell culture models among the end users. Our results showed a willingness to adopt 3D culture technology among biomedical researchers, although a significant gap still exists between the desired systems and existing 3D culture options. With these results, key challenges and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
| | - Elisabeth Gill
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1PZ
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38
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, Sutera A, Botta L, Fontana RM, Gallo G. Plasma modified PLA electrospun membranes for actinorhodin production intensification in Streptomyces coelicolor immobilized-cell cultivations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:233-241. [PMID: 28599184 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most of industrially relevant bioproducts are produced by submerged cultivations of actinomycetes. The immobilization of these Gram-positive filamentous bacteria on suitable porous supports may prevent mycelial cell-cell aggregation and pellet formation which usually negatively affect actinomycete submerged cultivations, thus, resulting in an improved biosynthetic capability. In this work, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) membranes, subjected or not to O2-plasma treatment (PLA-plasma), were used as support for immobilized-cell submerged cultivations of Streptomyces coelicolor M145. This strain produces different bioactive compounds, including the blue-pigmented actinorhodin (ACT) and red-pigmented undecylprodigiosin (RED), and constitutes a model for the study of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes. Wet contact angles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increased wettability of PLA-plasma due to the formation of polar functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties. Scanning electron microscope observations, carried out at different incubation times, revealed that S. coelicolor immobilized-cells created a dense "biofilm-like" mycelial network on both kinds of PLA membranes. Cultures of S. coelicolor immobilized-cells on PLA or PLA-plasma membranes produced higher biomass (between 1.5 and 2 fold) as well as higher levels of RED and ACT than planktonic cultures. In particular, cultures of immobilized-cells on PLA and PLA-plasma produced comparable levels of RED that were approximatively 4 and 5 fold higher than those produced by planktonic cultures, respectively. In contrast, levels of ACT produced by immobilized-cell cultures on PLA and PLA-plasma were different, being 5 and 10 fold higher than those of planktonic cultures, respectively. Therefore, this is study demonstrated the positive influence of PLA membrane on growth and secondary metabolite production in S. coelicolor and also revealed that O2-plasma treated PLA membranes specifically promoted higher ACT production than not treated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Sutera
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Fontana
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Development of polymeric functionally graded scaffolds: a brief review. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e107-e121. [PMID: 28009418 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in multilayer scaffolds fabrication approaches. In fact, functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) provide biological and mechanical functions potentially similar to those of native tissues. Based on the final application of the scaffold, there are different properties (physical, mechanical, biochemical, etc.) which need to gradually change in space. Therefore, a number of different technologies have been investigated, and often combined, to customize each region of the scaffolds as much as possible, aiming at achieving the best regenerative performance.In general, FGSs can be categorized as bilayered or multilayered, depending on the number of layers in the whole structure. In other cases, scaffolds are characterized by a continuous gradient of 1 or more specific properties that cannot be related to the presence of clearly distinguished layers. Since each traditional approach presents peculiar advantages and disadvantages, FGSs are good candidates to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In contrast to the reviews reported in the literature, which usually focus on the application of FGS, this brief review provides an overview of the most common strategies adopted to prepare FGS.
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40
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Scaffaro R, Maio A, Lopresti F, Botta L. Nanocarbons in Electrospun Polymeric Nanomats for Tissue Engineering: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E76. [PMID: 30970753 PMCID: PMC6432463 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile process technology, exploited for the production of fibers with varying diameters, ranging from nano- to micro-scale, particularly useful for a wide range of applications. Among these, tissue engineering is particularly relevant to this technology since electrospun fibers offer topological structure features similar to the native extracellular matrix, thus providing an excellent environment for the growth of cells and tissues. Recently, nanocarbons have been emerging as promising fillers for biopolymeric nanofibrous scaffolds. In fact, they offer interesting physicochemical properties due to their small size, large surface area, high electrical conductivity and ability to interface/interact with the cells/tissues. Nevertheless, their biocompatibility is currently under debate and strictly correlated to their surface characteristics, in terms of chemical composition, hydrophilicity and roughness. Among the several nanofibrous scaffolds prepared by electrospinning, biopolymer/nanocarbons systems exhibit huge potential applications, since they combine the features of the matrix with those determined by the nanocarbons, such as conductivity and improved bioactivity. Furthermore, combining nanocarbons and electrospinning allows designing structures with engineered patterns at both nano- and microscale level. This article presents a comprehensive review of various types of electrospun polymer-nanocarbon currently used for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the differences among graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds and fullerenes and their effect on the ultimate properties of the polymer-based nanofibrous scaffolds is elucidated and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Maio
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace, Materials Engineering, RU INSTM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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