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Liu X, Ishak MI, Ma H, Su B, Nobbs AH. Bacterial Surface Appendages Modulate the Antimicrobial Activity Induced by Nanoflake Surfaces on Titanium. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310149. [PMID: 38233200 PMCID: PMC7616388 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Bioinspired nanotopography is a promising approach to generate antimicrobial surfaces to combat implant-associated infection. Despite efforts to develop bactericidal 1D structures, the antibacterial capacity of 2D structures and their mechanism of action remains uncertain. Here, hydrothermal synthesis is utilized to generate two 2D nanoflake surfaces on titanium (Ti) substrates and investigate the physiological effects of nanoflakes on bacteria. The nanoflakes impair the attachment and growth of Escherichia coli and trigger the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially contributing to the killing of adherent bacteria. E. coli surface appendages type-1 fimbriae and flagella are not implicated in the nanoflake-mediated modulation of bacterial attachment but do influence the bactericidal effects of nanoflakes. An E. coli ΔfimA mutant lacking type-1 fimbriae is more susceptible to the bactericidal effects of nanoflakes than the parent strain, while E. coli cells lacking flagella (ΔfliC) are more resistant. The results suggest that type-1 fimbriae confer a cushioning effect that protects bacteria upon initial contact with the nanoflake surface, while flagella-mediated motility can lead to elevated membrane abrasion. This finding offers a better understanding of the antibacterial properties of nanoflake structures that can be applied to the design of antimicrobial surfaces for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Liu
- Bristol Dental School Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1, 3NY, UK
| | - Mohd I Ishak
- Bristol Dental School Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1, 3NY, UK
| | - Huan Ma
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry and Centre for Protolife Research, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1, 3NY, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School Research Laboratories, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1, 3NY, UK
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Morel J, McNeilly O, Grundy S, Brown T, Gunawan C, Amal R, Scott JA. Nanoscale Titanium Surface Engineering via Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Etching for Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46247-46260. [PMID: 37738302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired nanotopography artificially fabricated on titanium surfaces offers a solution for the rising issue of postoperative infections within orthopedics. On a small scale, hydrothermal etching has proven to deliver an effective antimicrobial nanospike surface. However, translation to an industrial setting is limited by the elevated synthesis temperature (150 °C) and associated equipment requirements. Here, for the first time, we fabricate surface nanostructures using comparatively milder synthesis temperatures (75 °C), which deliver physicochemical properties and antimicrobial capability comparable to the high-temperature surface. Using a KOH etchant, the simultaneous formation of titania and titanate crystals at both temperatures produces a one-dimensional nanostructure array. Analysis indicated that the formation mechanism comprises dissolution and reprecipitation processes, identifying the deposited titanates as hydrated layered tetra-titanates (K2Ti4O9·nH2O). A proposed nanospike formation mechanism was confirmed through the identification of a core and outer shell for individual nanostructures, primarily comprised of titanates and titania, respectively. Etching conditions dictated crystalline formation, favoring a thicker titanate core for nanorods under higher synthesis temperatures and etchant concentrations. A bactericidal investigation showed the efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria for a representative low-temperature nanosurface (34.4 ± 14.4%) was comparable to the higher temperature nanosurface (34.0 ± 17.0%), illustrating the potential of low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Our results provide valuable insight into the applicability of low-temperature etching protocols that are more favorable in large-scale manufacturing settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Morel
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Oliver McNeilly
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sarah Grundy
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Toby Brown
- Corin Australia, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason A Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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Jaggessar A, Velic A, Spann K, Yarlagadda PKDV. Titanium dioxide nanostructures that reduce the infectivity of respiratory syncytial virus. MATERIALS TODAY. PROCEEDINGS 2023:S2214-7853(23)03330-8. [PMID: 38620140 PMCID: PMC10289122 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.05.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The spread of respiratory diseases has gained significant attention since the detection and rapid global spread of COVID-19. Respiratory viruses are commonly transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes onto a surface, infecting persons who subsequently contact this surface. For this reason, developing surfaces with inherent antipathogenic properties is crucially needed for controlling the spread of deadly pathogens. Recent studies have established the antipathogenic potential of hydrothermally synthesised titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructured surfaces against bacteria strains (Gram-positive and negative) and several respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, HRV-16 and HCoV-NL63. This study investigates the antiviral behaviour of TiO2 nanostructured surfaces against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), a respiratory virus commonly contracted by children, to reduce viral transmission in high-traffic environments such as hospitals and childcare centers. Mimicking droplets produced when a person coughs or sneezes, RSV droplets were exposed to nanostructured surfaces to investigate their antiviral potential. Results show that nanostructured TiO2 reduced the RSV infectious viral load at all timepoints compared to control surfaces, showing 1.7, 2.6 and 3.2 log reductions after 2-, 5- and 7-hours exposure, respectively. Interestingly, virus exposed to nanostructured surfaces showed little to no infectivity after 5 h exposure while viable virus was still detected on control surfaces after 7 h exposure. These encouraging results establish TiO2 nanostructured surfaces as a potential method for reducing transmission and spread of respiratory viruses and bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jaggessar
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Amar Velic
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Science, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- University of Southern Queensland, School of Engineering, Springfield Central Queensland, 4300, Australia
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Tarannum T, Ahmed S. Recent development in antiviral surfaces: Impact of topography and environmental conditions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16698. [PMID: 37260884 PMCID: PMC10227326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of viruses is largely dependent on contact with contaminated virus-laden communal surfaces. While frequent surface disinfection and antiviral coating techniques are put forth by researchers as a plan of action to tackle transmission in dire situations like the Covid-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, these procedures are often laborious, time-consuming, cost-intensive, and toxic. Hence, surface topography-mediated antiviral surfaces have been gaining more attention in recent times. Although bioinspired hydrophobic antibacterial nanopatterned surfaces mimicking the natural sources is a very prevalent and successful strategy, the antiviral prospect of these surfaces is yet to be explored. Few recent studies have explored the potential of nanopatterned antiviral surfaces. In this review, we highlighted surface properties that have an impact on virus attachment and persistence, particularly focusing and emphasizing on the prospect of the nanotextured surface with enhanced properties to be used as antiviral surface. In addition, recent developments in surface nanopatterning techniques depending on the nano-scaled dimensions have been discussed. The impacts of environments and surface topology on virus inactivation have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Tarannum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh
| | - Shoeb Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000. Bangladesh
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Lan X, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang H, Hu Z, Ju X, Yuan Y. A review of food preservation based on zein: The perspective from application types of coating and film. Food Chem 2023; 424:136403. [PMID: 37244188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of zein in food preservation was discussed from a unique perspective of application types, including coating and film. For the study of coating, edibility is considered because the coating adheres to the surface of food directly. For the study of film, plasticizers improve their mechanical properties, while barrier performance and antibacterial performance are achieved by nanoparticles; the incorporation of polyphenols is mainly due to their antibacterial and antioxidant properties; other biopolymers realize the complementarity between zein and biopolymers within films. In the future, the interaction between the edible coating and food matrix needs to be concerned. The mechanism of various exogenous additives and zein in the film should be noticed. Importantly, food safety and the possibility of large-scale application should be followed. Additionally, the intelligent response is one of the key development directions of zein-based film in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lan
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Hisense Ronshen (Guangdong) Refrigerator Co., Ltd., Foshan 528303, China
| | - Xiaochen Ju
- Hisense Home Appliance Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yongkai Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Kumarage GWC, Hakkoum H, Comini E. Recent Advancements in TiO 2 Nanostructures: Sustainable Synthesis and Gas Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1424. [PMID: 37111009 PMCID: PMC10147078 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The search for sustainable technology-driven advancements in material synthesis is a new norm, which ensures a low impact on the environment, production cost, and workers' health. In this context, non-toxic, non-hazardous, and low-cost materials and their synthesis methods are integrated to compete with existing physical and chemical methods. From this perspective, titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of the fascinating materials because of its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and potential of growing by sustainable methods. Accordingly, TiO2 is extensively used in gas-sensing devices. Yet, many TiO2 nanostructures are still synthesized with a lack of mindfulness of environmental impact and sustainable methods, which results in a serious burden on practical commercialization. This review provides a general outline of the advantages and disadvantages of conventional and sustainable methods of TiO2 preparation. Additionally, a detailed discussion on sustainable growth methods for green synthesis is included. Furthermore, gas-sensing applications and approaches to improve the key functionality of sensors, including response time, recovery time, repeatability, and stability, are discussed in detail in the latter parts of the review. At the end, a concluding discussion is included to provide guidelines for the selection of sustainable synthesis methods and techniques to improve the gas-sensing properties of TiO2.
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Martins de Sousa K, Linklater DP, Murdoch BJ, Al Kobaisi M, Crawford RJ, Judge R, Dashper S, Sloan AJ, Losic D, Ivanova EP. Modulation of MG-63 Osteogenic Response on Mechano-Bactericidal Micronanostructured Titanium Surfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1054-1070. [PMID: 36880728 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of orthopedic devices, implant-related failures that occur as a result of poor osseointegration and nosocomial infection are frequent. In this study, we developed a multiscale titanium (Ti) surface topography that promotes both osteogenic and mechano-bactericidal activity using a simple two-step fabrication approach. The response of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and antibacterial activity toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was compared for two distinct micronanoarchitectures of differing surface roughness created by acid etching, using either hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4), followed by hydrothermal treatment, henceforth referred to as either MN-HCl or MN-H2SO4. The MN-HCl surfaces were characterized by an average surface microroughness (Sa) of 0.8 ± 0.1 μm covered by blade-like nanosheets of 10 ± 2.1 nm thickness, whereas the MN-H2SO4 surfaces exhibited a greater Sa value of 5.8 ± 0.6 μm, with a network of nanosheets of 20 ± 2.6 nm thickness. Both micronanostructured surfaces promoted enhanced MG-63 attachment and differentiation; however, cell proliferation was only significantly increased on MN-HCl surfaces. In addition, the MN-HCl surface exhibited increased levels of bactericidal activity, with only 0.6% of the P. aeruginosa cells and approximately 5% S. aureus cells remaining viable after 24 h when compared to control surfaces. Thus, we propose the modulation of surface roughness and architecture on the micro- and nanoscale to achieve efficient manipulation of osteogenic cell response combined with mechanical antibacterial activity. The outcomes of this study provide significant insight into the further development of advanced multifunctional orthopedic implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denver P Linklater
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Billy J Murdoch
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Roy Judge
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair J Sloan
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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Jones CF, Quarrington RD, Tsangari H, Starczak Y, Mulaibrahimovic A, Burzava ALS, Christou C, Barker AJ, Morel J, Bright R, Barker D, Brown T, Vasilev K, Anderson PH. A Novel Nanostructured Surface on Titanium Implants Increases Osseointegration in a Sheep Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:2232-2250. [PMID: 36001022 PMCID: PMC10476811 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nanostructured titanium surface that promotes antimicrobial activity and osseointegration would provide the opportunity to create medical implants that can prevent orthopaedic infection and improve bone integration. Although nanostructured surfaces can exhibit antimicrobial activity, it is not known whether these surfaces are safe and conducive to osseointegration. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Using a sheep animal model, we sought to determine whether the bony integration of medical-grade, titanium, porous-coated implants with a unique nanostructured surface modification (alkaline heat treatment [AHT]) previously shown to kill bacteria was better than that for a clinically accepted control surface of porous-coated titanium covered with hydroxyapatite (PCHA) after 12 weeks in vivo. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference between implants with respect to the primary outcomes: interfacial shear strength and percent intersection surface (the percentage of implant surface with bone contact, as defined by a micro-CT protocol), and the secondary outcomes: stiffness, peak load, energy to failure, and micro-CT (bone volume/total volume [BV/TV], trabecular thickness [Tb.Th], and trabecular number [Tb.N]) and histomorphometric (bone-implant contact [BIC]) parameters. METHODS Implants of each material (alkaline heat-treated and hydroxyapatite-coated titanium) were surgically inserted into femoral and tibial metaphyseal cancellous bone (16 per implant type; interference fit) and in tibial cortices at three diaphyseal locations (24 per implant type; line-to-line fit) in eight skeletally mature sheep. At 12 weeks postoperatively, bones were excised to assess osseointegration of AHT and PCHA implants via biomechanical push-through tests, micro-CT, and histomorphometry. Bone composition and remodeling patterns in adult sheep are similar to that of humans, and this model enables comparison of implants with ex vivo outcomes that are not permissible with humans. Comparisons of primary and secondary outcomes were undertaken with linear mixed-effects models that were developed for the cortical and cancellous groups separately and that included a random effect of animals, covariates to adjust for preoperative bodyweight, and implant location (left/right limb, femoral/tibial cancellous, cortical diaphyseal region, and medial/lateral cortex) as appropriate. Significance was set at an alpha of 0.05. RESULTS The estimated marginal mean interfacial shear strength for cancellous bone, adjusted for covariates, was 1.6 MPa greater for AHT implants (9.3 MPa) than for PCHA implants (7.7 MPa) (95% CI 0.5 to 2.8; p = 0.006). Similarly, the estimated marginal mean interfacial shear strength for cortical bone, adjusted for covariates, was 6.6 MPa greater for AHT implants (25.5 MPa) than for PCHA implants (18.9 MPa) (95% CI 5.0 to 8.1; p < 0.001). No difference in the implant-bone percent intersection surface was detected for cancellous sites (cancellous AHT 55.1% and PCHA 58.7%; adjusted difference of estimated marginal mean -3.6% [95% CI -8.1% to 0.9%]; p = 0.11). In cortical bone, the estimated marginal mean percent intersection surface at the medial site, adjusted for covariates, was 11.8% higher for AHT implants (58.1%) than for PCHA (46.2% [95% CI 7.1% to 16.6%]; p < 0.001) and was not different at the lateral site (AHT 75.8% and PCHA 74.9%; adjusted difference of estimated marginal mean 0.9% [95% CI -3.8% to 5.7%]; p = 0.70). CONCLUSION These data suggest there is stronger integration of bone on the AHT surface than on the PCHA surface at 12 weeks postimplantation in this sheep model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Given that the AHT implants formed a more robust interface with cortical and cancellous bone than the PCHA implants, a clinical noninferiority study using hip stems with identical geometries can now be performed to compare the same surfaces used in this study. The results of this preclinical study provide an ethical baseline to proceed with such a clinical study given the potential of the alkaline heat-treated surface to reduce periprosthetic joint infection and enhance implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F. Jones
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ryan D. Quarrington
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Helen Tsangari
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yolandi Starczak
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adnan Mulaibrahimovic
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anouck L. S. Burzava
- STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chris Christou
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alex J. Barker
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Richard Bright
- STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Krasimir Vasilev
- STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul H. Anderson
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Bright R, Hayles A, Wood J, Palms D, Brown T, Barker D, Vasilev K. Surfaces Containing Sharp Nanostructures Enhance Antibiotic Efficacy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6724-6731. [PMID: 35900125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing rate of medical device implantations is met by a proportionately high burden of implant-associated infections. To mitigate this threat, much research has been directed toward the development of antibacterial surface modifications by various means. One recent approach involves surfaces containing sharp nanostructures capable of killing bacteria upon contact. Herein, we report that the mechanical interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and such surface nanostructures leads to a sensitization of the pathogen to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. We demonstrate that this is due to cell wall damage and impeded bacterial defenses against reactive oxygen species. The results of this study promise to be impactful in the clinic, as a combination of nanostructured antibacterial surfaces and antibiotics commonly used in hospitals may improve antimicrobial therapy strategies, helping clinicians to prevent and treat implant-associated infections using reduced antibiotic concentrations instead of relying on invasive revision surgeries with often poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Brown
- Corin Australia, Pymble 2073, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- Corin Australia, Pymble 2073, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide 5095, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
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Xu M, Wang X, Wang B, Tang Y, Qin Z, Yin S, Liu Z, Sun H. Carbonized lotus leaf/ZnO/Au for enhanced synergistic mechanical and photocatalytic bactericidal activity under visible light irradiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 215:112468. [PMID: 35381501 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, bacterial resistance has continued to be a troublesome issue caused by the abuse of antibiotics, and it is the paramount difficulty in resolving the bacterial proliferation and infection. In this study, fresh lotus leaf was treated with Zn2+ followed by sintered and modification with gold nanoparticles through the photoreduction process sequentially, and thus a composite of micro/nanostructured carbonized lotus leaf/ZnO/Au (C-LL/ZnO/Au) was obtained to explore its bactericidal properties. C-LL/ZnO/Au retained the papillary structure of fresh lotus leaf and showed great mechanical bactericidal performance and photocatalytic sterilization. The antibacterial rate of mechanical sterilization for C-LL/ZnO/Au amount to 79.5% in 30 min, 4.7 times of fresh lotus leaf's figure under the same conditions. Furthermore, in C-LL/ZnO/Au, the introduction of gold nanoparticles heightened light absorbance through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which showed improved photocatalytic sterilization than that of carbonized lotus leaf/ZnO (C-LL/ZnO). Carbonized lotus leaf/ZnO/Au exhibited prominent photocatalytic and mechanical synergistic antibacterial performance against E. coli: all the bacteria were inactivated within 30 min under visible light. The approach presented here could be applied to a variety of biomass materials, which holds a promising application potential in biomedical, public health and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiuyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Bingdi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Yanan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Zhenning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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Jaggessar A, Senevirathne SI, Velic A, Yarlagadda PKDV. Antibacterial activity of 3D versus 2D TiO2 nanostructured surfaces to investigate curvature and orientation effects. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Jaggessar A, Velic A, Yarlagadda PK, Spann K. TiO 2 Nanostructures That Reduce the Infectivity of Human Respiratory Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2954-2959. [PMID: 35666671 PMCID: PMC9199440 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence and global spread of the COVID-19 causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its subsequent mutated strains has caused unprecedented health, economic, and social devastation. Respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through both direct and indirect channels, including aerosol respiratory droplets, contamination of inanimate surfaces (fomites), and direct person-to-person contact. Current methods of virus inactivation on surfaces include chemicals and biocides, and while effective, continuous and repetitive cleaning of all surfaces is not always viable. Recent work in the field of biomaterials engineering has established the antibacterial effects of hydrothermally synthesized TiO2 nanostructured surfaces against both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. The current study investigates the effectiveness of said TiO2 nanostructured surfaces against two enveloped human coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63, and nonenveloped HRV-16 for surface-based inactivation. Results show that structured surfaces reduced infectious viral loads of SARS-CoV-2 (5 log), HCoV-NL63 (3 log), and HRV-16 (4 log) after 5 h, compared to nonstructured and tissue culture plastic control surfaces. Interestingly, infectious virus remained present on control tissue culture plastic after 7 h exposure. These encouraging results establish the potential use of nanostructured surfaces to reduce the transmission and spread of both enveloped and nonenveloped respiratory viruses, by reducing their infectious period on a surface. The dual antiviral and antibacterial properties of these surfaces support their potential application in a wide variety of settings such as hospitals and healthcare environments, public transport and community hubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jaggessar
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Amar Velic
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Prasad Kdv Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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13
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Iglesias-Fernandez M, Buxadera-Palomero J, Sadowska JM, Espanol M, Ginebra MP. Implementation of bactericidal topographies on biomimetic calcium phosphates and the potential effect of its reactivity. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212797. [PMID: 35929296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery that nanostructured surfaces were able to kill bacteria, many works have been published focusing on the design of nanopatterned surfaces with antimicrobial properties. Synthetic bone grafts, based on calcium phosphate (CaP) formulations, can greatly benefit from this discovery if adequate nanotopographies can be developed. However, CaP are reactive materials and experience ionic exchanges when placed into aqueous solutions which may in turn affect cell behaviour and complicate the interpretation of the bactericidal results. The present study explores the bactericidal potential of two nanopillared CaP prepared by hydrolysis of two different sizes of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) powders under biomimetic or hydrothermal conditions. A more lethal bactericidal response toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa (~75% killing efficiency of adhered bacteria) was obtained from the hydrothermally treated CaP which consisted in a more irregular topography in terms of pillar size (radius: 20-60 nm), interpillar distances (100-1500 nm) and pillar distribution (pillar groups forming bouquets) than the biomimetically treated one (radius: 20-40 nm and interpillar distances: 50-200 nm with a homogeneous pillar distribution). The material reactivity was greatly influenced by the type of medium (nutrient-rich versus nutrient-free) and the presence or not of bacteria. A lower reactivity and superior bacterial attachment were observed in the nutrient-free medium while a lower attachment was observed for the nutrient rich medium which was explained by a superior reactivity of the material paired with the lower tendency of planktonic bacteria to adhere on surfaces in the presence of nutrients. Importantly, the ionic exchanges produced by the presence of materials were not toxic to planktonic cells. Thus, we can conclude that topography was the main contributor to mortality in the bacterial adhesion tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Iglesias-Fernandez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Buxadera-Palomero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna-Maria Sadowska
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Espanol
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Biocompatibility and Mechanical Stability of Nanopatterned Titanium Films on Stainless Steel Vascular Stents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094595. [PMID: 35562988 PMCID: PMC9099593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous ceramic coatings such as titania are promoted to produce drug-free cardiovascular stents with a low risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) because of their selectivity towards vascular cell proliferation. The brittle coatings applied on stents are prone to cracking because they are subjected to plastic deformation during implantation. This study aims to overcome this problem by using a unique process without refraining from biocompatibility. Accordingly, a titanium film with 1 µm thickness was deposited on 316 LVM stainless-steel sheets using magnetron sputtering. Then, the samples were anodized to produce nanoporous oxide. The nanoporous oxide was removed by ultrasonication, leaving an approximately 500 nm metallic titanium layer with a nanopatterned surface. XPS studies revealed the presence of a 5 nm-thick TiO2 surface layer with a trace amount of fluorinated titanium on nanopatterned surfaces. Oxygen plasma treatment of the nanopatterned surface produced an additional 5 nm-thick fluoride-free oxide layer. The samples did not exhibit any cracking or spallation during plastic deformation. Cell viability studies showed that nanopatterned surfaces stimulate endothelial cell proliferation while reducing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Plasma treatment further accelerated the proliferation of endothelial cells. Activation of blood platelets did not occur on oxygen plasma-treated, fluoride-free nanopatterned surfaces. The presented surface treatment method can also be applied to other stent materials such as CoCr, nitinol, and orthopedic implants.
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15
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Ganjian M, Modaresifar K, Rompolas D, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. Nanoimprinting for high-throughput replication of geometrically precise pillars in fused silica to regulate cell behavior. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:717-729. [PMID: 34875357 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-throughput nanopatterning techniques that also allow for precise control over the dimensions of the fabricated features is essential for the study of cell-nanopattern interactions. Here, we developed a process that fulfills both of these criteria. Firstly, we used electron-beam lithography (EBL) to fabricate precisely controlled arrays of submicron pillars with varying values of interspacing on a large area of fused silica. Two types of etching procedures with two different systems were developed to etch the fused silica and create the final desired height. We then studied the interactions of preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) with these pillars. Varying interspacing was observed to significantly affect the morphological characteristics of the cell, the organization of actin fibers, and the formation of focal adhesions. The expression of osteopontin (OPN) significantly increased on the patterns, indicating the potential of the pillars for inducing osteogenic differentiation. The EBL pillars were thereafter used as master molds in two subsequent processing steps, namely soft lithography and thermal nanoimprint lithography for high-fidelity replication of the pillars on the substrates of interest. The molding parameters were optimized to maximize the fidelity of the generated patterns and minimize the wear and tear of the master mold. Comparing the replicated feature with those present on the original mold confirmed that the geometry and dimensions of the replicated pillars closely resemble those of the original ones. The method proposed in this study, therefore, enables the precise fabrication of submicron- and nanopatterns on a wide variety of materials that are relevant for systematic cell studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Submicron pillars with specific dimensions on the bone implants have been proven to be effective in controlling cell behaviors. Nowadays, numerous methods have been proposed to produce bio-instructive submicron-topographies. However, most of these techniques are suffering from being low-throughput, low-precision, and expensive. Here, we developed a high-throughput nanopatterning technique that allows for control over the dimensions of the features for the study of cell-nanotopography interactions. Assessing the adaptation of preosteoblast cells showed the potential of the pillars for inducing osteogenic differentiation. Afterward, the pillars were used for high-fidelity replication of the bio-instructive features on the substrates of interest. The results show the advantages of nanoimprint lithography as a unique technique for the patterning of large areas of bio-instructive surfaces.
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16
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Reilly K, Adeli B, Fang B, Wilkinson DP, Taghipour F. Advanced titanium dioxide fluidizable nanowire photocatalysts. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4240-4252. [PMID: 35425407 PMCID: PMC8981402 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In photocatalytic water splitting, fluidization is known to minimize the adverse effects of mass-transfer, poor radiation distribution, parasitic back-reactions and photocatalyst handling difficulties, which limit the scalability of immobilized-film and suspended slurry photocatalysts. Fluidization of one-dimensional TiO2 photocatalyst particles, such as nanorods, -wires and -ribbons, is highly desired as it further enhances the efficiency of photocatalytic reaction, due to their peculiar photo-electrochemical characteristics that result in more effective separation of photo-generated charges and absorption of photons. However, the harsh physical environment of a fluidized bed reactor does not readily allow for nanostructured TiO2 photocatalysts, as the fine features would be quickly removed from the particle surface. Here, we propose a scalable method for fabrication of rutile TiO2 nanorods on porous glass beads as a 3D protective substrate to reduce the attrition rate caused by fluidization. The quality of the synthesized nanorod films was optimized through controlling a growth quality factor, Rq, allowing for good quality films to be grown in different batch amounts and different hydrothermal reactor sizes. The utilization of porous glass beads substrate has reduced the attrition rate, and the protective features of the particles reduced the rate of attrition by an order of magnitude, compared to a particulate photocatalyst, to near negligible levels. Such considerably reduced attrition makes the as-developed porous glass beads supported rutile TiO2 nanorods a viable fluidizable photocatalyst candidate for various applications, including water splitting and degradation of organic compounds. Fluidization is known to minimize the adverse effects of mass-transfer, poor radiation distribution, parasitic back-reactions and photocatalyst handling, which limit the scalability of immobilized-film and suspended slurry photocatalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Reilly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Babak Adeli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Baizeng Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David P. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Clean Energy Research Center (CERC), University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fariborz Taghipour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Clean Energy Research Center (CERC), University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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17
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Zhang G, Zeng H, Liu J, Nagashima K, Takahashi T, Hosomi T, Tanaka W, Yanagida T. Nanowire-based sensor electronics for chemical and biological applications. Analyst 2021; 146:6684-6725. [PMID: 34667998 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Detection and recognition of chemical and biological species via sensor electronics are important not only for various sensing applications but also for fundamental scientific understanding. In the past two decades, sensor devices using one-dimensional (1D) nanowires have emerged as promising and powerful platforms for electrical detection of chemical species and biologically relevant molecules due to their superior sensing performance, long-term stability, and ultra-low power consumption. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and achievements in 1D nanowire synthesis, working principles of nanowire-based sensors, and the applications of nanowire-based sensor electronics in chemical and biological analytes detection and recognition. In addition, some critical issues that hinder the practical applications of 1D nanowire-based sensor electronics, including device reproducibility and selectivity, stability, and power consumption, will be highlighted. Finally, challenges, perspectives, and opportunities for developing advanced and innovative nanowire-based sensor electronics in chemical and biological applications are featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Jiangyang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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18
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Influence of Bioinspired Lithium-Doped Titanium Implants on Gingival Fibroblast Bioactivity and Biofilm Adhesion. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112799. [PMID: 34835563 PMCID: PMC8618897 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue integration (STI) at the transmucosal level around dental implants is crucial for the long-term success of dental implants. Surface modification of titanium dental implants could be an effective way to enhance peri-implant STI. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bioinspired lithium (Li)-doped Ti surface on the behaviour of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and oral biofilm in vitro. HGFs were cultured on various Ti surfaces—Li-doped Ti (Li_Ti), NaOH_Ti and micro-rough Ti (Control_Ti)—and were evaluated for viability, adhesion, extracellular matrix protein expression and cytokine secretion. Furthermore, single species bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and multi-species oral biofilms from saliva were cultured on each surface and assessed for viability and metabolic activity. The results show that both Li_Ti and NaOH_Ti significantly increased the proliferation of HGFs compared to the control. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA levels were significantly increased on Li_Ti and NaOH_Ti at day 7. Moreover, Li_Ti upregulated COL-I and fibronectin gene expression compared to the NaOH_Ti. A significant decrease in bacterial metabolic activity was detected for both the Li_Ti and NaOH_Ti surfaces. Together, these results suggest that bioinspired Li-doped Ti promotes HGF bioactivity while suppressing bacterial adhesion and growth. This is of clinical importance regarding STI improvement during the maintenance phase of the dental implant treatment.
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Ishantha Senevirathne SWMA, Hasan J, Mathew A, Jaggessar A, Yarlagadda PKDV. Trends in Bactericidal Nanostructured Surfaces: An Analytical Perspective. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7626-7642. [PMID: 35006714 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the bactericidal properties of cicada wing surfaces, there has been a surge in the number of studies involving antibacterial nanostructured surfaces (NSS). Studies show that there are many parameters (and thus, thousands of parameter combinations) that influence the bactericidal efficiency (BE) of these surfaces. Researchers attempted to correlate these parameters to BE but have so far been unsuccessful. This paper presents a meta-analysis and perspective on bactericidal NSS, aiming to identify trends and gaps in the literature and to provide insights for future research. We have attempted to synthesize data from a wide range of published studies and establish trends in the literature on bactericidal NSS. Numerous research gaps and findings based on correlations of various parameters are presented here, which will assist in the design of efficient bactericidal NSS and shape future research. Traditionally, it is accepted that BE of NSS depends on the bacterial Gram-stain type. However, this review found that factors beyond Gram-stain type are also influential. Furthermore, it is found that despite their higher BE, hydrophobic NSS are less commonly studied for their bactericidal effect. Interestingly, the impacts of surface hydrophobicity and roughness on the bactericidal effect were found to be influenced by a Gram-stain type of the tested bacteria. In addition, cell motility and shape influence BE, but research attention into these factors is lacking. It was found that hydrophobic NSS demonstrate more promising results than their hydrophilic counterparts; however, these surfaces have been overlooked. Confirming the common belief of the influence of nanofeature diameter on bactericidal property, this analysis shows the feature aspect ratio is also decisive. NSS fabricated on silicon substrates perform better than their titanium counterparts, and the success of these silicon structures maybe attributed to the fabrication processes. These insights benefit engineers and scientists alike in developing next-generation NSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Hasan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Asha Mathew
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alka Jaggessar
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Bertel L, Miranda DA, García-Martín JM. Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Surfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6167. [PMID: 34577374 PMCID: PMC8468921 DOI: 10.3390/s21186167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 electrochemical biosensors represent an option for biomolecules recognition associated with diseases, food or environmental contaminants, drug interactions and related topics. The relevance of TiO2 biosensors is due to the high selectivity and sensitivity that can be achieved. The development of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces requires knowing the signal extracted from them and its relationship with the properties of the transducer, such as the crystalline phase, the roughness and the morphology of the TiO2 nanostructures. Using relevant literature published in the last decade, an overview of TiO2 based biosensors is here provided. First, the principal fabrication methods of nanostructured TiO2 surfaces are presented and their properties are briefly described. Secondly, the different detection techniques and representative examples of their applications are provided. Finally, the functionalization strategies with biomolecules are discussed. This work could contribute as a reference for the design of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces, considering the detection technique and the experimental electrochemical conditions needed for a specific analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bertel
- CMN-CIMBIOS Group, Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 Cll 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (L.B.); (D.A.M.)
| | - David A. Miranda
- CMN-CIMBIOS Group, Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 Cll 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia; (L.B.); (D.A.M.)
| | - José Miguel García-Martín
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, E-28760 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Nano-Biomaterials for Retinal Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081880. [PMID: 34443710 PMCID: PMC8399153 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized key areas of environmental sciences, including biological and physical sciences. Nanoscience is useful in interconnecting these sciences to find new hybrid avenues targeted at improving daily life. Pharmaceuticals, regenerative medicine, and stem cell research are among the prominent segments of biological sciences that will be improved by nanostructure innovations. The present review was written to present a comprehensive insight into various emerging nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, hybrid nanostructures, and nanoscaffolds, that have been useful in mice for ocular tissue engineering and regeneration. Furthermore, the current status, future perspectives, and challenges of nanotechnology in tracking cells or nanostructures in the eye and their use in modified regenerative ophthalmology mechanisms have also been proposed and discussed in detail. In the present review, various research findings on the use of nano-biomaterials in retinal regeneration and retinal remediation are presented, and these findings might be useful for future clinical applications.
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Zhao L, Liu T, Li X, Cui Q, Wu Q, Wang X, Song K, Ge D. Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Novel 3D Hybrid Nanostructures on Titanium Surface with Mechano-bactericidal Performance. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2268-2278. [PMID: 34014655 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium is extensively employed in modern medicines as orthopedic and dental implants, but implant failures frequently occur because of bacterial infections. Herein, three types of 3D nanostructured titanium surfaces with nanowire clusters (NWC), nanowire/sheet clusters (NW/SC) and nanosheet clusters (NSC), were fabricated using the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis under normal pressure, and assessed for the sterilization against two common human pathogens. The results show that the NWC and NSC surfaces merely display good bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, whereas the NW/SC surface represents optimal bactericidal efficiency against both Escherichia coli (98.6 ± 1.23%) and Staphylococcus aureus (69.82 ± 2.79%). That is attributed to the hybrid geometric nanostructure of NW/SC, i.e., the pyramidal structures of ∼23 nm in tip diameter formed with tall clustered wires, and the sharper sheets of ∼8 nm in thickness in-between these nanopyramids. This nanostructure displays a unique mechano-bactericidal performance via the synergistic effect of capturing the bacteria cells and penetrating the cell membrane. This study proves that the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesized hybrid mechano-bactericidal titanium surfaces provide a promising solution for the construction of bactericidal biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Kedong Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
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23
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Losic D. Advancing of titanium medical implants by surface engineering: recent progress and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1355-1378. [PMID: 33985402 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1928071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Titanium (Ti) and their alloys are used as main implant materials in orthopedics and dentistry for decades having superior mechanical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Their rejections due lack of biointegration and bacterial infection are concerning with considerable healthcare costs and impacts on patients. To address these limitations, conventional Ti implants need improvements where the use of surface nanoengineering approaches and the development of a new generation of implants are recognized as promising strategies.Areas covered:This review presents an overview of recent progress on the application of surface engineering methods to advance Ti implants enable to address their key limitations. Several promising surface engineering strategies are presented and critically discussed to generate advanced surface properties and nano-topographies (tubular, porous, pillars) able not only to improve their biointegration, antibacterial performances, but also to provide multiple functions such as drug delivery, therapy, sensing, communication and health monitoring underpinning the development of new generation and smart medical implants.Expert opinion:Recent advances in cell biology, materials science, nanotechnology and additive manufacturing has progressively influencing improvements of conventional Ti implants toward the development of the next generation of implants with improved performances and multifunctionality. Current research and development are in early stage, but progressing with promising results and examples of moving into in-vivo studies an translation into real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, The University of Adelaide, Engineering North Building, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Khalid S, Gao A, Wang G, Chu PK, Wang H. Tuning surface topographies on biomaterials to control bacterial infection. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:6840-6857. [PMID: 32812537 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial contamination and subsequent formation of biofilms frequently cause failure of surgical implants and a good understanding of the bacteria-surface interactions is vital to the design and safety of biomaterials. In this review, the physical and chemical factors that are involved in the various stages of implant-associated bacterial infection are described. In particular, topographical modification strategies that have been employed to mitigate bacterial adhesion via topographical mechanisms are summarized and discussed comprehensively. Recent advances have improved our understanding about bacteria-surface interactions and have enabled biomedical engineers and researchers to develop better and more effective antibacterial surfaces. The related interdisciplinary efforts are expected to continue in the quest for next-generation medical devices to attain the ultimate goal of improved clinical outcomes and reduced number of revision surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Khalid
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Ghimire A, Song J. Anti-Periprosthetic Infection Strategies: From Implant Surface Topographical Engineering to Smart Drug-Releasing Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20921-20937. [PMID: 33914499 PMCID: PMC8130912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advanced implant sterilization and aseptic surgical techniques, periprosthetic bacterial infection remains a major challenge for orthopedic and dental implants. Bacterial colonization/biofilm formation around implants and their invasion into the dense skeletal tissue matrices are difficult to treat and could lead to implant failure and osteomyelitis. These complications require major revision surgeries and extended antibiotic therapies that are associated with high treatment cost, morbidity, and even mortality. Effective preventative measures mitigating risks for implant-related infections are thus in dire need. This review focuses on recent developments of anti-periprosthetic infection strategies aimed at either reducing bacterial adhesion, colonization, and biofilm formation or killing bacteria directly in contact with and/or in the vicinity of implants. These goals are accomplished through antifouling, quorum-sensing interfering, or bactericidal implant surface topographical engineering or surface coatings through chemical modifications. Surface topographical engineering of lotus leaf mimicking super-hydrophobic antifouling features and cicada wing-mimicking, bacterium-piercing nanopillars are both presented. Conventional physical coating/passive release of bactericidal agents is contrasted with their covalent tethering to implant surfaces through either stable linkages or linkages labile to bacterial enzyme cleavage or environmental perturbations. Pros and cons of these emerging anti-periprosthetic infection approaches are discussed in terms of their safety, efficacy, and translational potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Ghimire
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
During the past two decades, one–dimensional (1D) metal–oxide nanowire (NW)-based molecular sensors have been witnessed as promising candidates to electrically detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to their high surface to volume ratio, single crystallinity, and well-defined crystal orientations. Furthermore, these unique physical/chemical features allow the integrated sensor electronics to work with a long-term stability, ultra-low power consumption, and miniature device size, which promote the fast development of “trillion sensor electronics” for Internet of things (IoT) applications. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the recent studies and achievements in 1D metal–oxide nanowire synthesis, sensor device fabrication, sensing material functionalization, and sensing mechanisms. In addition, some critical issues that impede the practical application of the 1D metal–oxide nanowire-based sensor electronics, including selectivity, long-term stability, and low power consumption, will be highlighted. Finally, we give a prospective account of the remaining issues toward the laboratory-to-market transformation of the 1D nanostructure-based sensor electronics.
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Shahali H, Hasan J, Cheng HH, Ramarishna S, Yarlagadda PK. A systematic approach towards biomimicry of nanopatterned cicada wings on titanium using electron beam lithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:065301. [PMID: 33022671 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbeaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of bacteria on nanopatterned surfaces has caught attention since the discovery of the bactericidal property of cicada wing surfaces. While many studies focused on the inspiration of such surfaces, nanolithography-based techniques are seldom used due to the difficulties in fabricating highly dense (number of pillars per unit area), geometrical nanostructured surfaces. Here we present a systematic modelling approach for optimising the electron beam lithography parameters in order to fabricate biomimicked nanopillars of varying patterned geometries. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to optimize the beam energy and pattern design prior to the experimental study. We optimized the processing parameters such as exposure factor, write field size, pitch, the different types and thicknesses of the PMMA resist used, and the shape of the feature (circle or a dot) for the fabrication of nanopillars to achieve the best lift-off with repeatable result. Our simulation and experimental results showed that a circle design with a voltage of 30 kV and 602 nm thickness of PMMA 495 A4 as base layers and 65 nm of PMMA 950 A2 as top layer achieves the best results. The antibacterial activity was also validated on the representative fabricated titanium nanopillar surface. The surface with a base diameter of 94.4 nm, spike diameter of 12.6 nm, height of 115.6 nm, density of 43/μm2, aspect ratio of 2.16 and centre to centre distance of 165.8 nm was the optimum surface for antibacterial activity. Such a systematic design approach for fabrication of insect wing-mimicked closely packed nanopillars have not been investigated before which provides an excellent platform for biomedical Ti implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Shahali
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jafar Hasan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Han-Hao Cheng
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Seeram Ramarishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Prasad Kdv Yarlagadda
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Senevirathne SWMAI, Hasan J, Mathew A, Woodruff M, Yarlagadda PKDV. Bactericidal efficiency of micro- and nanostructured surfaces: a critical perspective. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1883-1900. [PMID: 35424086 PMCID: PMC8693530 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro/nanostructured surfaces (MNSS) have shown the ability to inactivate bacterial cells by physical means. An enormous amount of research has been conducted in this area over the past decade. Here, we review the various surface factors that affect the bactericidal efficiency. For example, surface hydrophobicity of the substrate has been accepted to be influential on the bactericidal effect of the surface, but a review of the literature suggests that the influence of hydrophobicity differs with the bacterial species. Also, various bacterial viability quantification methods on MNSS are critically reviewed for their suitability for the purpose, and limitations of currently used protocols are discussed. Presently used static bacterial viability assays do not represent the conditions of which those surfaces could be applied. Such application conditions do have overlaying fluid flow, and bacterial behaviours are drastically different under flow conditions compared to under static conditions. Hence, it is proposed that the bactericidal effect should be assessed under relevant fluid flow conditions with factors such as shear stress and flowrate given due significance. This review will provide a range of opportunities for future research in design and engineering of micro/nanostructured surfaces with varying experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W M A I Senevirathne
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations 60 Musk Ave. Kelvin Grove Qld 4059 Australia
| | - J Hasan
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations 60 Musk Ave. Kelvin Grove Qld 4059 Australia
| | - A Mathew
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations 60 Musk Ave. Kelvin Grove Qld 4059 Australia
| | - M Woodruff
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations 60 Musk Ave. Kelvin Grove Qld 4059 Australia
| | - P K D V Yarlagadda
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations 60 Musk Ave. Kelvin Grove Qld 4059 Australia
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Extracellular matrix scaffold crosslinked with vancomycin for multifunctional antibacterial bone infection therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120603. [PMID: 33378735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of acute and chronic bone infections remains a major clinical challenge. The various factors released by the bacteria, acidic environment, and bacterial colonies in the bone grooves and implanted synthetic materials collectively promote the formation of biofilms. Dormant bacteria and biofilms cause infections that are difficult to cure and that can develop chronically. Therefore, a new antibacterial material was synthesized in the present study for multifunctional bone infection therapy and consists of specific demineralized extracellular cancellous bone (SDECM) crosslinked with vancomycin (Van) by means of electrostatic interactions and chemical bonds. It was verified in vitro that the new material (Van-SDECM) not only has pH-sensitive release and biofilm inhibition properties, but also maintains sustained bactericidal ability accompanied by the degradation of the scaffold, which does not affect its favorable osteogenic performance. The infectious bone defect in vivo model further confirms the comprehensive anti-infective and osteogenic ability of the Van-SDECM. Further, these favorable properties are due to the pH-sensitive sustained release sterilization and scaffold contact antibacterial properties, accompanied by osteoclast activity inhibition, osteogenesis promotion and immunoregulation effects. This study provides a new drug-scaffold composite preparation method based on a native-derived extracellular matrix scaffold.
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Velic A, Hasan J, Li Z, Yarlagadda PKDV. Mechanics of Bacterial Interaction and Death on Nanopatterned Surfaces. Biophys J 2020; 120:217-231. [PMID: 33333030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanopatterned surfaces are believed to kill bacteria through physical deformation, a mechanism that has immense potential against biochemical resistance. Because of its elusive nature, this mechanism is mostly understood through biophysical modeling. Problematically, accurate descriptions of the contact mechanics and various boundary conditions involved in the bacteria-nanopattern interaction remain to be seen. This may underpin conflicting predictions, found throughout the literature, regarding two important aspects of the mechanism-that is, its critical action site and relationship with geometry. Herein, a robust computational analysis of bacteria-nanopattern interaction is performed using a three-dimensional finite element modeling that incorporates relevant continuum mechanical properties, multilayered envelope structure, and adhesion interaction conditions. The model is applied to more accurately study the elusory mechanism and its enhancement via nanopattern geometry. Additionally, micrographs of bacteria adhered on a nanopatterned cicada wing are examined to further inform and verify the major modeling predictions. Together, the results indicate that nanopatterned surfaces do not kill bacteria predominantly by rupture in between protruding pillars as previously thought. Instead, nondevelopable deformation about pillar tips is more likely to create a critical site at the pillar apex, which delivers significant in-plane strains and may locally rupture and penetrate the cell. The computational analysis also demonstrates that envelope deformation is increased by adhesion to nanopatterns with smaller pillar radii and spacing. These results further progress understanding of the mechanism of nanopatterned surfaces and help guide their design for enhanced bactericidal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Velic
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jafar Hasan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Liu J, Liu J, Attarilar S, Wang C, Tamaddon M, Yang C, Xie K, Yao J, Wang L, Liu C, Tang Y. Nano-Modified Titanium Implant Materials: A Way Toward Improved Antibacterial Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:576969. [PMID: 33330415 PMCID: PMC7719827 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.576969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have superb biocompatibility, low elastic modulus, and favorable corrosion resistance. These exceptional properties lead to its wide use as a medical implant material. Titanium itself does not have antibacterial properties, so bacteria can gather and adhere to its surface resulting in infection issues. The infection is among the main reasons for implant failure in orthopedic surgeries. Nano-modification, as one of the good options, has the potential to induce different degrees of antibacterial effect on the surface of implant materials. At the same time, the nano-modification procedure and the produced nanostructures should not adversely affect the osteogenic activity, and it should simultaneously lead to favorable antibacterial properties on the surface of the implant. This article scrutinizes and deals with the surface nano-modification of titanium implant materials from three aspects: nanostructures formation procedures, nanomaterials loading, and nano-morphology. In this regard, the research progress on the antibacterial properties of various surface nano-modification of titanium implant materials and the related procedures are introduced, and the new trends will be discussed in order to improve the related materials and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Orthopaedic Science, University College London, The Royal National National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Chengliang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Kegong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jinguang Yao
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Orthopaedic Science, University College London, The Royal National National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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32
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Kharaghani D, Tajbakhsh Z, Duy Nam P, Soo Kim I. Application of Nanowires for Retinal Regeneration. Regen Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Hasan J, Pyke A, Nair N, Yarlagadda T, Will G, Spann K, Yarlagadda PK. Antiviral Nanostructured Surfaces Reduce the Viability of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4858-4861. [PMID: 33455218 PMCID: PMC7482073 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this letter, we report the ability of the nanostructured aluminum Al 6063 alloy surfaces to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There was no recoverable viable virus after 6 h of exposure to the nanostructured surface, elucidating a 5-log reduction compared to a flat Al 6063 surface. The nanostructured surfaces were fabricated using wet-etching techniques which generated nanotextured, randomly aligned ridges approximately 23 nm wide on the Al 6063 alloy surfaces. In addition to the excellent mechanical resilience properties previously shown, the etched surfaces have also demonstrated superior corrosion resistance compared to the control surfaces. Such nanostructured surfaces have the potential to be used in healthcare environment such as hospitals and public spaces to reduce the surface transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hasan
- Centre
for Biomedical Technologies, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alyssa Pyke
- Public
Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Neelima Nair
- Public
Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Tejasri Yarlagadda
- Centre
for Immunology and Infection Control, Faculty of Health, School of
Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University
of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Will
- Centre
for Biomedical Technologies, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Kirsten Spann
- Centre
for Immunology and Infection Control, Faculty of Health, School of
Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University
of Technology, Brisbane Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Prasad K.D.V. Yarlagadda
- Centre
for Biomedical Technologies, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Modelling the growth of hydrothermally synthesised bactericidal nanostructures, as a function of processing conditions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Ganjian M, Modaresifar K, Zhang H, Hagedoorn PL, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. Reactive ion etching for fabrication of biofunctional titanium nanostructures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18815. [PMID: 31827149 PMCID: PMC6906493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major problems with the bone implant surfaces after surgery is the competition of host and bacterial cells to adhere to the implant surfaces. To keep the implants safe against implant-associated infections, the implant surface may be decorated with bactericidal nanostructures. Therefore, fabrication of nanostructures on biomaterials is of growing interest. Here, we systematically studied the effects of different processing parameters of inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP RIE) on the Ti nanostructures. The resultant Ti surfaces were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The specimens etched using different chamber pressures were chosen for measurement of the mechanical properties using nanoindentation. The etched surfaces revealed various morphologies, from flat porous structures to relatively rough surfaces consisting of nanopillars with diameters between 26.4 ± 7.0 nm and 76.0 ± 24.4 nm and lengths between 0.5 ± 0.1 μm and 5.2 ± 0.3 μm. The wettability of the surfaces widely varied in the entire range of hydrophilicity. The structures obtained at higher chamber pressure showed enhanced mechanical properties. The bactericidal behavior of selected surfaces was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria while their cytocompatibility was evaluated with murine preosteoblasts. The findings indicated the potential of such ICP RIE Ti structures to incorporate both bactericidal and osteogenic activity, and pointed out that optimization of the process conditions is essential to maximize these biofunctionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Ganjian
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Khashayar Modaresifar
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Department of Materials, Mechanics, Management & Design, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lidy E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
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36
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Wandiyanto JV, Tamanna T, Linklater DP, Truong VK, Al Kobaisi M, Baulin VA, Joudkazis S, Thissen H, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Tunable morphological changes of asymmetric titanium nanosheets with bactericidal properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 560:572-580. [PMID: 31679779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Titanium and titanium alloys are often the most popular choice of material for the manufacture of medical implants; however, they remain susceptible to the risk of device-related infection caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Hydrothermal etching of titanium surfaces, to produce random nanosheet topologies, has shown remarkable ability to inactivate pathogenic bacteria via a physical mechanism. We expect that systematic tuning of the nanosheet morphology by controlling fabrication parameters, such as etching time, will allow for optimisation of the surface pattern for superior antibacterial efficacy. EXPERIMENTS Using time-dependent hydrothermal processing of bulk titanium, we fabricated bactericidal nanosheets with variable nanoedge morphologies according to a function of etching time. A systematic study was performed to compare the bactericidal efficiency of nanostructured titanium surfaces produced at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24 and 60 h of hydrothermal etching. FINDINGS Titanium surfaces hydrothermally treated for a period of 6 h were found to achieve maximal antibacterial efficiency of 99 ± 3% against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 90 ± 9% against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, two common human pathogens. These surfaces exhibited nanosheets with sharp edges of approximately 10 nm. The nanotopographies presented in this work exhibit the most efficient mechano-bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria of any nanostructured titanium topography reported thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V Wandiyanto
- Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia
| | - Tasnuva Tamanna
- Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia
| | - Denver P Linklater
- Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia
| | - Vladimir A Baulin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Tarragona, Spain
| | - Saulius Joudkazis
- Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Vic 3122, Australia
| | | | - Russell J Crawford
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia.
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Abstract
The prevention of infectious diseases is a global challenge where multidrug-resistant bacteria or "superbugs" pose a serious threat to worldwide public health. Microtopographic surfaces have attracted much attention as they represent a biomimetic and nontoxic surface antibacterial strategy to replace biocides. The antimicrobial effect of such natural and biomimetic surface nanostructures involves a physical approach which eradicates bacteria via the structural features of the surfaces without any release of biocides or chemicals. These recent developments present a significant proof-of-concept and a powerful tool in which cellular adhesion and death caused by a physical approach, can be controlled by the micro/nanotopology of such surfaces. This represents an innovative direction of development of clean, effective and nonresistant antimicrobial surfaces. The minireview will cover novel approaches for the construction of nanostructures on surfaces in order to create antimicrobial surface in an environmentally friendly, nontoxic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Yi
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Siti Nurhanna Riduan
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Yuan Yuan
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Yugen Zhang
- a Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos , Singapore , Singapore
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Hasan J, Roy A, Chatterjee K, Yarlagadda PKDV. Mimicking Insect Wings: The Roadmap to Bioinspiration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3139-3160. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hasan
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Anindo Roy
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Jaggessar A, Mathew A, Tesfamichael T, Wang H, Yan C, Yarlagadda PK. Bacteria Death and Osteoblast Metabolic Activity Correlated to Hydrothermally Synthesised TiO₂ Surface Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071201. [PMID: 30934764 PMCID: PMC6480334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic surgery comes with an inherent risk of bacterial infection, prolonged antibiotic therapy and revision surgery. Recent research has focused on nanostructured surfaces to improve the bactericidal and osseointegrational properties of implants. However, an understanding of the mechanical properties of bactericidal materials is lacking. In this work, the surface properties of hydrothermal TiO2 nanostructured surfaces are investigated for their effect on bactericidal efficiency and cellular metabolic activity of human osteoblast cells. TiO2 nanostructures, approximately 307 nm in height and 14 GPa stiffness, were the most effective structures against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Statistical analysis significantly correlated structure height to the death of both bacteria strains. In addition, the surface contact angle and Young’s modulus were correlated to osteoblast metabolic activity. Hydrophilic surfaces with a contact angle between 35 and 50° produced the highest cellular metabolic activity rates after 24 h of incubation. The mechanical tests showed that nanostructures retain their mechanical stability and integrity over a long time-period, reaffirming the surfaces’ applicability for implants. This work provides a thorough examination of the surface, mechanical and wettability properties of multifunctional hydrothermally synthesised nanostructured materials, capable of killing bacteria whilst improving osteoblast metabolic rates, leading to improved osseointegration and antibacterial properties of orthopaedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jaggessar
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Asha Mathew
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Tuquabo Tesfamichael
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Cheng Yan
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Prasad Kdv Yarlagadda
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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Shahali H, Hasan J, Mathews A, Wang H, Yan C, Tesfamichael T, Yarlagadda PKDV. Multi-biofunctional properties of three species of cicada wings and biomimetic fabrication of nanopatterned titanium pillars. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1300-1310. [PMID: 32255169 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multi-biofunctional properties of cicada wings have drawn keen interest for biomedical device applications due to their superhydrophobic, self-cleaning and bactericidal effects. We present a systematic evaluation of bactericidal and cytocompatible properties of cicada wings. We also present biomimetic nanofabrication of a patterned array of titanium nanopillars using electron beam lithography. We have characterized the nanoscale architecture of the wings of three different Australian species of cicadas (Psaltoda claripennis, Aleeta curvicosta and Palapsalta eyrei) using helium ion microscopy (HIM), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force measurement (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical nature of the nanopatterned substrates was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cells were attached to determine the bactericidal activity of the insect wings. Human osteoblast cells were attached to examine the biocompatibility of the insect wings. It was found that all the three cicada species have unique surface topography on their wing membranes and veins. The height, spacing, diameter, density and aspect ratio of the three species varied between the species and between the membrane and the veins. The density and aspect ratio of the nanopillars on the membranes were significantly higher than on the veins. Bacterial attachment investigation confirmed that P. aeruginosa cells and S. aureus cells were damaged by the nanopatterned array of pillars. A significant reduction in colonies of P. aeruginosa cells was found on the wings of the three species compared to the control after 18 hours. A significant reduction of S. aureus cells on the wings was observed at 2 and 4 hours but not at 18 hours compared to the control. The cell morphology of the human osteoblast cells appeared intact after 24 hours of attachment, indicating the biocompatibility of the insect wings. As a proof of concept, patterned nanopillars of titanium have been fabricated using the electron beam lithography technique directly inspired by the cicada wing architecture. The titanium nanopillars were observed to damage the bacterial cells of P. aeruginosa in a manner similar to the cicada wing species and remain compatible to osteoblast cells. The outcomes of this research can help to engineer an optimum nano-patterned surface to enhance the bioactivity and bactericidal effect on biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Shahali
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia.
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Mas-Moruno C, Su B, Dalby MJ. Multifunctional Coatings and Nanotopographies: Toward Cell Instructive and Antibacterial Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801103. [PMID: 30468010 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In biomaterials science, it is nowadays well accepted that improving the biointegration of dental and orthopedic implants with surrounding tissues is a major goal. However, implant surfaces that support osteointegration may also favor colonization of bacterial cells. Infection of biomaterials and subsequent biofilm formation can have devastating effects and reduce patient quality of life, representing an emerging concern in healthcare. Conversely, efforts toward inhibiting bacterial colonization may impair biomaterial-tissue integration. Therefore, to improve the long-term success of medical implants, biomaterial surfaces should ideally discourage the attachment of bacteria without affecting eukaryotic cell functions. However, most current strategies seldom investigate a combined goal. This work reviews recent strategies of surface modification to simultaneously address implant biointegration while mitigating bacterial infections. To this end, two emerging solutions are considered, multifunctional chemical coatings and nanotopographical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC); Barcelona 08019 Spain
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School; University of Bristol; Bristol BS1 2LY UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 UK
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