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Alonso-Fernández I, Haugen HJ, Nogueira LP, López-Álvarez M, González P, López-Peña M, González-Cantalapiedra A, Muñoz-Guzón F. Enhanced Bone Healing in Critical-Sized Rabbit Femoral Defects: Impact of Helical and Alternate Scaffold Architectures. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1243. [PMID: 38732711 PMCID: PMC11085737 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of scaffold architecture on bone regeneration, focusing on 3D-printed polylactic acid-bioceramic calcium phosphate (PLA-bioCaP) composite scaffolds in rabbit femoral condyle critical defects. We explored two distinct scaffold designs to assess their influence on bone healing and scaffold performance. Structures with alternate (0°/90°) and helical (0°/45°/90°/135°/180°) laydown patterns were manufactured with a 3D printer using a fused deposition modeling technique. The scaffolds were meticulously characterized for pore size, strut thickness, porosity, pore accessibility, and mechanical properties. The in vivo efficacy of these scaffolds was evaluated using a femoral condyle critical defect model in eight skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits. Then, the results were analyzed micro-tomographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Our findings indicate that both scaffold architectures are biocompatible and support bone formation. The helical scaffolds, characterized by larger pore sizes and higher porosity, demonstrated significantly greater bone regeneration than the alternate structures. However, their lower mechanical strength presented limitations for use in load-bearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alonso-Fernández
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Liebert Parreiras Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (L.P.N.)
| | - Miriam López-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías, Energía y Procesos Industriales (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.L.-Á.); (P.G.)
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pío González
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías, Energía y Procesos Industriales (CINTECX), Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Novos Materiais, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.L.-Á.); (P.G.)
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
| | - Fernando Muñoz-Guzón
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (M.L.-P.); (A.G.-C.); (F.M.-G.)
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Dong J, Ding H, Wang Q, Wang L. A 3D-Printed Scaffold for Repairing Bone Defects. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:706. [PMID: 38475389 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects has always posed challenges in the field of orthopedics. Scaffolds, as a vital component of bone tissue engineering, offer significant advantages in the research and treatment of clinical bone defects. This study aims to provide an overview of how 3D printing technology is applied in the production of bone repair scaffolds. Depending on the materials used, the 3D-printed scaffolds can be classified into two types: single-component scaffolds and composite scaffolds. We have conducted a comprehensive analysis of material composition, the characteristics of 3D printing, performance, advantages, disadvantages, and applications for each scaffold type. Furthermore, based on the current research status and progress, we offer suggestions for future research in this area. In conclusion, this review acts as a valuable reference for advancing the research in the field of bone repair scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Dong
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Hangxing Ding
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine and Clinical Translation, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
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De Mori A, Karali A, Daskalakis E, Hing R, Da Silva Bartolo PJ, Cooper G, Blunn G. Poly-ε-Caprolactone 3D-Printed Porous Scaffold in a Femoral Condyle Defect Model Induces Early Osteo-Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:66. [PMID: 38201731 PMCID: PMC10780383 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Large bone reconstruction following trauma poses significant challenges for reconstructive surgeons, leading to a healthcare burden for health systems, long-term pain for patients, and complex disorders such as infections that are difficult to resolve. The use of bone substitutes is suboptimal for substantial bone loss, as they induce localized atrophy and are generally weak, and unable to support load. A combination of strong polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds, with an average channel size of 330 µm, enriched with 20% w/w of hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), or Bioglass 45S5 (Bioglass), has been developed and tested for bone regeneration in a critical-size ovine femoral condyle defect model. After 6 weeks, tissue ingrowth was analyzed using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), Backscattered Electron Microscopy (BSE), and histomorphometry. At this point, all materials promoted new bone formation. Histological analysis showed no statistical difference among the different biomaterials (p > 0.05), but PCL-Bioglass scaffolds enhanced bone formation in the center of the scaffold more than the other types of materials. These materials show potential to promote bone regeneration in critical-sized defects on load-bearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna De Mori
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Aikaterina Karali
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Evangelos Daskalakis
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK (G.C.)
| | - Richard Hing
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2HB, UK
| | | | - Glen Cooper
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK (G.C.)
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
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Zhang F, Gao H, Jiang X, Yang F, Zhang J, Song S, Shen J. Biomedical Application of Decellularized Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5145-5168. [PMID: 38032114 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue loss and end-stage organ failure are serious health problems across the world. Natural and synthetic polymer scaffold material based artificial organs play an important role in the field of tissue engineering and organ regeneration, but they are not from the body and may cause side effects such as rejection. In recent years, the biomimetic decellularized scaffold based materials have drawn great attention in the tissue engineering field for their good biocompatibility, easy modification, and excellent organism adaptability. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively summarize the application of decellularized scaffolds in tissue engineering and biomedicine in recent years. The preparation methods, modification strategies, construction of artificial tissues, and application in biomedical applications are discussed. We hope that this review will provide a useful reference for research on decellularized scaffolds and promote their application tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Saijie Song
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Interfacial Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Alonso-Fernández I, Haugen HJ, López-Peña M, González-Cantalapiedra A, Muñoz F. Use of 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in preclinical in vivo studies: A systematic review. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:1-21. [PMID: 37454707 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
3D-printed composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. The aim of the study was to systematically review the feasibility of using PLA/bioceramic composite scaffolds manufactured by 3D-printing technologies as bone grafting materials in preclinical in vivo studies. Electronic databases were searched using specific search terms, and thirteen manuscripts were selected after screening. The synthesis of the scaffolds was carried out using mainly extrusion-based techniques. Likewise, hydroxyapatite was the most used bioceramic for synthesizing composites with a PLA matrix. Among the selected studies, seven were conducted in rats and six in rabbits, but the high variability that exists regarding the experimental process made it difficult to compare them. Regarding the results, PLA/Bioceramic composite scaffolds have shown to be biocompatible and mechanically resistant. Preclinical studies elucidated the ability of the scaffolds to be used as bone grafts, allowing bone growing without adverse reactions. In conclusion, PLA/Bioceramics scaffolds have been demonstrated to be a promising alternative for treating bone defects. Nevertheless, more care should be taken when designing and performing in vivo trials, since the lack of standardization of the processes, which prevents the comparison of the results and reduces the quality of the information. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. Since preclinical in vivo studies with animal models represent a mandatory step for clinical translation, the present manuscript analyzed and discussed not only those aspects related to the selection of the bioceramic material, the synthesis of the implants and their characterization. But provides a new approach to understand how the design and perform of clinical trials, as well as the selection of the analysis methods, may affect the obtained results, by covering authors' knowledgebase from veterinary medicine to biomaterial science. Thus, this study aims to systematically review the feasibility of using polylactic acid/bioceramic scaffolds as grafting materials in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alonso-Fernández
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Ma R, Su Y, Cao R, Wang K, Yang P. Enhanced Osteogenic Activity and Bone Repair Ability of PLGA/MBG Scaffolds Doped with ZIF-8 Nanoparticles Loaded with BMP-2. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5055-5072. [PMID: 37701821 PMCID: PMC10493152 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s423985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering scaffolds are porous and can be loaded with growth factors to promote osteogenesis and bone repair, which can solve the problem of clinical bone defects. The direct loading of growth factors on scaffolds is hindered by the disadvantages of low loading capacities, and uncontrollable burst release. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has osteoinductive activity and drug-loading potential and can be loaded with growth factors to achieve sustained release. In this study, we aimed to establish a sustained release system of composite scaffolds loaded with growth factors to achieve the goal of slow controlled release and effective bone repair. Methods ZIF‑8 nanoparticles loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were incorporated into poly-(lactide-co-glycolide)/mesoporous bioactive glass (PLGA/MBG) porous scaffolds by a 3D-printing method. The surface morphology, chemical properties and BMP-2 release of the prepared scaffold were investigated. The osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and the bone repair ability in vivo of the PLGA/MBG/ZIF-8/BMP-2 (PMZB) scaffold were evaluated, and compared with those of PLGA/MBG (PM) and PLGA/MBG/ZIF-8 (PMZ) scaffolds. Results The results showed that the PMZB scaffold exhibited a slow and continuous BMP-2 release pattern, enhanced osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, spreading and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and promoted new bone formation and bone repair in vivo. Conclusion The PLGA/MBG/ZIF-8/BMP-2 porous scaffold could continuously and slowly release BMP-2, enhance osteogenic activity, and promote new bone formation and bone repair at bone defects. The PMZB scaffold can be used as a bone graft material to repair bone defect at non-weight-bearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Su
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruomu Cao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710004, People’s Republic of China
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Guo W, Yang Y, Liu C, Bu W, Guo F, Li J, Wang E, Peng Z, Mai H, You H, Long Y. 3D printed TPMS structural PLA/GO scaffold: Process parameter optimization, porous structure, mechanical and biological properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105848. [PMID: 37099921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds should have good biocompatibility and mechanical and biological properties, which are primarily by the material design, porous structure, and preparation process. In this study, we proposed polylactic acid (PLA) as the base material, graphene oxide (GO) as an enhancing filler, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) as a porous structure, and fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing as a preparation technology to develop a TPMS structural PLA/GO scaffold and evaluate their porous structures, mechanical properties, and biological properties towards bone tissue engineering. Firstly, the influence of the FDM 3D printing process parameters on the forming quality and mechanical properties of PLA was studied by orthogonal experimental design, based on which the process parameters were optimized. Then, GO was composited with PLA, and PLA/GO nanocomposites were prepared by FDM. The mechanical tests showed that GO can effectively improve the tensile and compression strength of PLA; only by adding 0.1% GO the tensile and compression modulus was increased by 35.6% and 35.8%, respectively. Then, TPMS structural (Schwarz-P, Gyroid) scaffold models were designed and TPMS structural PLA/0.1%GO nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared by FDM. The compression test showed that the TPMS structural scaffolds had higher compression strength than the Grid structure; This was owing to the fact that the continuous curved structure of TMPS alleviated stress concentration and had a more uniform stress bearing. Moreover, cell culture indicated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) showed better adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation behaviors on the TPMS structural scaffolds as the continuous surface structure of TPMS had better connectivity and larger specific surface area. These results suggest that the TPMS structural PLA/GO scaffold has potential application in bone repair. This article suggests the feasibility of co-designing the material, structure, and technology for achieving the good comprehensive performance of polymer bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenlang Bu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Enyu Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ziying Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Huaming Mai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hui You
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yu Long
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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8
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Bauer L, Rogina A, Ivanković M, Ivanković H. Medical-Grade Poly(Lactic Acid)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Films: Thermal and In Vitro Degradation Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061512. [PMID: 36987292 PMCID: PMC10059894 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of biocompatible composite scaffolds shifts towards additive manufacturing where thermoplastic biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are used as matrices. Differences between industrial- and medical-grade polymers are often overlooked although they may affect properties and degradation behaviour as significantly as the filler addition. In the present research, composite films based on medical-grade PLA and biogenic hydroxyapatite (HAp) with 0, 10, and 20 wt.% of HAp were prepared by solvent casting technique. The degradation of composites incubated in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS) at 37 °C after 10 weeks showed that the higher HAp content slowed down the hydrolytic PLA degradation and improved its thermal stability. Morphological nonuniformity after degradation was indicated by the different glass transition temperatures (Tg) throughout the film. The Tg of the inner part of the sample decreased significantly faster compared with the outer part. The decrease was observed prior to the weight loss of composite samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Bauer
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Rogina
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marica Ivanković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Ivanković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
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Motameni A, Çardaklı İS, Gürbüz R, Alshemary AZ, Razavi M, Farukoğlu ÖC. Bioglass-polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: a review of current trends. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2023.2186864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Motameni
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Seçkin Çardaklı
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rıza Gürbüz
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ammar Z. Alshemary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix™ (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ömer Can Farukoğlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Çankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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A Review on Manufacturing Processes of Biocomposites Based on Poly(α-Esters) and Bioactive Glass Fillers for Bone Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010081. [PMID: 36810412 PMCID: PMC9945144 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of bioactive and biocompatible fillers improve the bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating new bone tissue formation upon implantation. During these last 20 years, those biocomposites have been explored for making complex geometry devices likes screws or 3D porous scaffolds for the repair of bone defects. This review provides an overview of the current development of manufacturing process with synthetic biodegradable poly(α-ester)s reinforced with bioactive fillers for bone tissue engineering applications. Firstly, the properties of poly(α-ester), bioactive fillers, as well as their composites will be defined. Then, the different works based on these biocomposites will be classified according to their manufacturing process. New processing techniques, particularly additive manufacturing processes, open up a new range of possibilities. These techniques have shown the possibility to customize bone implants for each patient and even create scaffolds with a complex structure similar to bone. At the end of this manuscript, a contextualization exercise will be performed to identify the main issues of process/resorbable biocomposites combination identified in the literature and especially for resorbable load-bearing applications.
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11
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Bernardo MP, Rodrigues BC, Sechi A, Mattoso LH. Grafting of maleic anhydride on poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites augments their ability to support osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1286-1299. [PMID: 36537783 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221147422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of bone substitutes is the treatment of choice for bone defects exceeding a critical size, when self-healing becomes impossible. The use of 3D printing techniques allows the construction of scaffolds with customized properties. However, there is a lack of suitable materials for bone replacement. In this study, maleic anhydride-grafted poly (lactic acid) (MAPLA) was investigated as a potential compatibilizer agent for 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites, in order to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds. The grafting process was performed by reactive processing in a torque rheometer, with the evaluation of the use of different concentrations of maleic anhydride (MA). The success of the grafting reaction was confirmed by titration of acid groups and spectroscopic analyses, indicating the presence of succinic anhydride groups on the PLA chain. Morphological analysis of the PLA/HA 3D scaffolds, using SEM, revealed that the use of the compatibilizer resulted in a structure free from voids and holes. The compatibilization also increased the degradation process. On the other hand, TGA and DSC analyses revealed that the use of a compatibilizer had little effect on the thermal properties of the composite. Most importantly, the samples with compatibilizer were demonstrated to have a minimal cytotoxic effect on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), promoting the osteogenic differentiation of these cells in a medium without the addition of classical osteogenic factors. Therefore, the grafting of PLA/HA composites improved their physicochemical and biological properties, especially the induction of MSC osteogenic differentiation, demonstrating the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela P Bernardo
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 564899Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 9165RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bruna C Rodrigues
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 564899Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 9165RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luiz Hc Mattoso
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 564899Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Three-Dimensional Impression of Biomaterials for Alveolar Graft: Scoping Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020076. [PMID: 36826875 PMCID: PMC9961517 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial bone defects are one of the biggest clinical challenges in regenerative medicine, with secondary autologous bone grafting being the gold-standard technique. The development of new three-dimensional matrices intends to overcome the disadvantages of the gold-standard method. The aim of this paper is to put forth an in-depth review regarding the clinical efficiency of available 3D printed biomaterials for the correction of alveolar bone defects. A survey was carried out using the following databases: PubMed via Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and gray literature. The inclusion criteria applied were the following: in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and clinical studies; and studies that assessed bone regeneration resorting to 3D printed biomaterials. The risk of bias of the in vitro and in vivo studies was performed using the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, respectively. In total, 92 publications were included in the final sample. The most reported three-dimensional biomaterials were the PCL matrix, β-TCP matrix, and hydroxyapatite matrix. These biomaterials can be combined with different polymers and bioactive molecules such as rBMP-2. Most of the included studies had a high risk of bias. Despite the advances in the research on new three-dimensionally printed biomaterials in bone regeneration, the existing results are not sufficient to justify the application of these biomaterials in routine clinical practice.
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13
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Zhang X, Chen JL, Xing F, Duan X. Three-dimensional printed polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with urine-derived stem cells as a treatment for bone defects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:71. [PMID: 36190568 PMCID: PMC9529701 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects still pose various challenges in osteology. As one treatment method for bone defects, tissue engineering requires biomaterials with good biocompatibility and stem cells with good differentiation. This study aimed to fabricate a 3D-printed polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composite scaffold with urine-derived stem cells (USCs) to study its therapeutic effect in a rat model of skull defects. USCs were isolated and extracted from the urine of healthy adult males and inoculated onto PLA/HA and PLA scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing technology. A total of 36 skull defect models in eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (no treatment of the defects), PLA group (treated with PLA scaffolds with USCs), and PLA/HA group (treated with PLA/HA scaffolds with USCs). The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by real-time PCR, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and immunohistochemistry at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. We found that the PLA/HA scaffold loaded with USCs effectively promoted new bone regeneration in the defect area. CT images showed that in the PLA/HA group, the defect area was almost entirely covered by newly formed bone (coverage of 96.7 ± 1.6%), and the coverage was greater than that in the PLA group (coverage of 74.6 ± 1.9%) at 12 weeks. Histology and immunohistochemical staining showed the highest new bone formation on the PLA/HA scaffolds containing USCs in the defect site at 12 weeks. These findings demonstrate the broad application prospects of PLA/HA scaffolds with USCs in bone tissue engineering. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia-Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Ganzi Prefecture, 626700, Sichuan, China.
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14
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Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Characteristics of Polylactide/Wollastonite 3D Printed Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193932. [PMID: 36235880 PMCID: PMC9572193 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to study the synergistic response of bioresorbable polylactide/bioactive wollastonite scaffolds towards mechanical stability, mesenchymal stromal cell colonization, and antibacterial activity in the physiological environment. Wollastonite was synthesized at 800 °C within 2 h by sol-gel combustion method. The surface area was found to be 1.51 m2/g, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs indicated the presence of porous structures. Fused deposition modeling was used to prepare 3D-printed polylactide/wollastonite and polylactide/hydroxyapatite scaffolds. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed the interconnected porous structure and complex geometry of the scaffolds. The addition of wollastonite decreased the contact angle of the scaffolds. The mechanical testing of scaffolds examined by computational simulation, as well as machine testing, revealed their non-load-bearing capacity. The chemical constituent of the scaffolds was found to influence the attachment response of different cells on their surface. The incorporation of wollastonite effectively reduced live bacterial attachment, whereas the colonization of mesenchymal cells was improved. This observation confirms polylactide/wollastonite scaffold possesses both bactericidal as well as cytocompatible properties. Thus, the risk of peri-implant bacterial film formation can be prevented, and the biological fixation of the scaffold at the defect site can be enhanced by utilizing these composites.
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15
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Suzuki S, Venkataiah VS, Yahata Y, Kitagawa A, Inagaki M, Njuguna MM, Nozawa R, Kakiuchi Y, Nakano M, Handa K, Yamada M, Egusa H, Saito M. Correction of large jawbone defect in the mouse using immature osteoblast-like cells and a 3D polylactic acid scaffold. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac151. [PMID: 36714858 PMCID: PMC9802318 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been developed using a combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and calcium phosphate-based scaffolds. However, these complexes cannot regenerate large jawbone defects. To overcome this limitation of MSCs and ceramic scaffolds, a novel bone regeneration technology must be developed using cells possessing high bone forming ability and a scaffold that provides space for vertical bone augmentation. To approach this problem in our study, we developed alveolar bone-derived immature osteoblast-like cells (HAOBs), which have the bone regenerative capacity to correct a large bone defect when used as a grafting material in combination with polylactic acid fibers that organize the 3D structure and increase the strength of the scaffold material (3DPL). HAOB-3DPL constructs could not regenerate bone via xenogeneic transplantation in a micromini pig alveolar bone defect model. However, the autogenic transplantation of mouse calvaria-derived immature osteoblast-like cells (MCOBs) isolated using the identical protocol for HAOBs and mixed with 3DPL scaffolds successfully regenerated the bone in a large jawbone defect mouse model, compared to the 3DPL scaffold alone. Nanoindentation analysis indicated that the regenerated bone had a similar micromechanical strength to native bone. In addition, this MCOB-3DPL regenerated bone possesses osseointegration ability wherein a direct structural connection is established with the titanium implant surface. Hence, a complex formed between a 3DPL scaffold and immature osteoblast-like cells such as MCOBs represents a novel bone tissue engineering approach that enables the formation of vertical bone with the micromechanical properties required to treat large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshio Yahata
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Kitagawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,OsteRenatos Ltd. Sendai Capital Tower 2F, 4-10-3 Central, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiko Inagaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2266-98 Anagahora, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Mary M Njuguna
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Risako Nozawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kakiuchi
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Nakano
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keisuke Handa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Ecological Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan,Department of Oral Science, Division of Oral Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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16
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Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of stem cells by 3D printed PCL scaffolds coated with collagen and hydroxyapatite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12359. [PMID: 35859093 PMCID: PMC9300684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering uses various methods and materials to find suitable scaffolds that regenerate lost bone due to disease or injury. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can be used in 3D printing for producing biodegradable scaffolds by fused deposition modeling (FDM). However, the hydrophobic surfaces of PCL and its non-osteogenic nature reduces adhesion and cell bioactivity at the time of implantation. This work aims to enhance bone formation, osteogenic differentiation, and in vitro biocompatibility via PCL scaffolds modification with Hydroxyapatite (HA) and Collagen type I (COL). This study evaluated the osteosupportive capacity, biological behavior, and physicochemical properties of 3D-printed PCL, PCL/HA, PCL/COL, and PCL/HA/COL scaffolds. Biocompatibility and cells proliferation were investigated by seeding human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) onto the scaffolds, which were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. In addition, the bone differentiation potential of the hADSCs was assessed using calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related protein and genes. Although all constructed scaffolds support hADSCs proliferation and differentiation, the results showed that scaffold coating with HA and COL can boost these capacities in a synergistic manner. According to the findings, the tricomponent 3D-printed scaffold can be considered as a promising choice for bone tissue regeneration and rebuilding.
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17
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Properties of poly(lactic acid)/walnut shell/hydroxyapatite composites prepared with fused deposition modeling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11563. [PMID: 35798811 PMCID: PMC9262983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology was used to prepare poly(lactic acid)/walnut shell/hydroxyapatite (PLA/WS/HA) composite filaments. HA was treated with silane and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The composites were investigated by using simultaneous thermal analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that incorporating either HA or WS improved the thermal stability and water absorption of PLA, but lowered the tensile and compression strength. Fillers toughened the PLA matrix, resulting in higher tensile elongation and compressive strain. The tensile and compressive strengths of samples significantly dropped after water-immersion for 6 weeks. Finally, scaffolds were manufactured by using FDM. The compression modulus and structural feature of scaffolds indicated that the PLA/WS/HA composites have the potential to be applied in structural parts, such as bone implants.
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18
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Biodegradable Poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-Infiltrated Bioactive Glass (CAR12N) Scaffolds Maintain Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091577. [PMID: 35563883 PMCID: PMC9100331 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of articular cartilage remains challenging. The aim of this study was to increase the stability of pure bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds by means of solvent phase polymer infiltration and to maintain cell adherence on the glass struts. Therefore, BG scaffolds either pure or enhanced with three different amounts of poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were characterized in detail. Scaffolds were seeded with primary porcine articular chondrocytes (pACs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a dynamic long-term culture (35 days). Light microscopy evaluations showed that PLGA was detectable in every region of the scaffold. Porosity was greater than 70%. The biomechanical stability was increased by polymer infiltration. PLGA infiltration did not result in a decrease in viability of both cell types, but increased DNA and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) contents of hMSCs-colonized scaffolds. Successful chondrogenesis of hMSC-colonized scaffolds was demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining of collagen type II, cartilage proteoglycans and the transcription factor SOX9. PLGA-infiltrated scaffolds showed a higher relative expression of cartilage related genes not only of pAC-, but also of hMSC-colonized scaffolds in comparison to the pure BG. Based on the novel data, our recommendation is BG scaffolds with single infiltrated PLGA for cartilage tissue engineering.
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19
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Alksne M, Kalvaityte M, Simoliunas E, Gendviliene I, Barasa P, Rinkunaite I, Kaupinis A, Seinin D, Rutkunas V, Bukelskiene V. Dental pulp stem cell-derived extracellular matrix: autologous tool boosting bone regeneration. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:597-607. [PMID: 35304075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS To facilitate artificial bone construct integration into a patient's body, scaffolds are enriched with different biologically active molecules. Among various scaffold decoration techniques, coating surfaces with cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) is a rapidly growing field of research. In this study, for the first time, this technology was applied using primary dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and tested for use in artificial bone tissue construction. METHODS Rat DPSCs were grown on three-dimensional-printed porous polylactic acid scaffolds for 7 days. After the predetermined time, samples were decellularized, and the remaining ECM detailed proteomic analysis was performed. Further, DPSC-secreated ECM impact to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) behaviour as well as its role in osteoregeneration induction were analysed. RESULTS It was identified that DPSC-specific ECM protein network ornamenting surface-enhanced MSC attachment, migration and proliferation and even promoted spontaneous stem cell osteogenesis. This protein network also demonstrated angiogenic properties and did not stimulate MSCs to secrete molecules associated with scaffold rejection. With regard to bone defects, DPSC-derived ECM recruited endogenous stem cells, initiating the bone self-healing process. Thus, the DPSC-secreted ECM network was able to significantly enhance artificial bone construct integration and induce successful tissue regeneration. CONCLUSIONS DPSC-derived ECM can be a perfect tool for decoration of various biomaterials in the context of bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Alksne
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Migle Kalvaityte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Simoliunas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Gendviliene
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Barasa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Rinkunaite
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dmitrij Seinin
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vygandas Rutkunas
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Virginija Bukelskiene
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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20
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Qin D, Sang L, Zhang Z, Lai S, Zhao Y. Compression Performance and Deformation Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA-Based Lattice Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14051062. [PMID: 35267883 PMCID: PMC8914831 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to fabricate biodegradable PLA-based composite filaments for 3D printing to manufacture bear-loading lattice structures. First, CaCO3 and TCP as inorganic fillers were incorporated into a PLA matrix to fabricate a series of composite filaments. The material compositions, mechanical properties, and rheology behavior of the PLA/CaCO3 and PLA/TCP filaments were evaluated. Then, two lattice structures, cubic and Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces-Diamond (TPMS-D), were geometrically designed and 3D-printed into fine samples. The axial compression results indicated that the addition of CaCO3 and TCP effectively enhances the compressive modulus and strength of lattice structures. In particular, the TPMS-D structure showed superior load-carrying capacity and specific energy absorption compared to those of its cubic counterparts. Furthermore, the deformation behavior of these two lattice structures was examined by image recording during compression and computed tomography (CT) scanning of samples after compression. It was observed that pore structure could be well held in TPMS-D, while that in cubic structure was destroyed due to the fracture of vertical struts. Therefore, this paper highlights promising 3D-printed biodegradable lattice structures with excellent energy-absorption capacity and high structural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Qin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; (D.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Lin Sang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (L.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zihui Zhang
- School of Automotive Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (L.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shengyuan Lai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; (D.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China; (D.Q.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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PLA/Hydroxyapatite scaffolds exhibit in vitro immunological inertness and promote robust osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic stimuli. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2333. [PMID: 35149687 PMCID: PMC8837663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects stand out as one of the greatest challenges of reconstructive surgery. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) allows for the printing of 3D scaffolds tailored to the morphology and size of bone damage in a patient-specific and high-precision manner. However, FDM still suffers from the lack of materials capable of efficiently supporting osteogenesis. In this study, we developed 3D-printed porous scaffolds composed of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composites with high ceramic contents (above 20%, w/w) by FDM. The mechanical properties of the PLA/HA scaffolds were compatible with those of trabecular bone. In vitro degradation tests revealed that HA can neutralize the acidification effect caused by PLA degradation, while simultaneously releasing calcium and phosphate ions. Importantly, 3D-printed PLA/HA did not induce the upregulation of activation markers nor the expression of inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells thus exhibiting no immune-stimulatory properties in vitro. Evaluations using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) showed that pure PLA scaffolds exerted an osteoconductive effect, whereas PLA/HA scaffolds efficiently induced osteogenic differentiation of MSC even in the absence of any classical osteogenic stimuli. Our findings indicate that 3D-printed PLA scaffolds loaded with high concentrations of HA are most suitable for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
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22
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Lin C, Wang Y, Huang Z, Wu T, Xu W, Wu W, Xu Z. Advances in Filament Structure of 3D Bioprinted Biodegradable Bone Repair Scaffolds. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:426. [PMID: 34805599 PMCID: PMC8600304 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional bone repair scaffolds can no longer meet the high standards and requirements of clinical applications in terms of preparation process and service performance. Studies have shown that the diversity of filament structures of implantable scaffolds is closely related to their overall properties (mechanical properties, degradation properties, and biological properties). To better elucidate the characteristics and advantages of different filament structures, this paper retrieves and summarizes the state of the art in the filament structure of the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted biodegradable bone repair scaffolds, mainly including single-layer structure, double-layer structure, hollow structure, core-shell structure and bionic structures. The eximious performance of the novel scaffolds was discussed from different aspects (material composition, ink configuration, printing parameters, etc.). Besides, the additional functions of the current bone repair scaffold, such as chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-bacteria, and anti-tumor, were also concluded. Finally, the paper prospects the future material selection, structural design, functional development, and performance optimization of bone repair scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiong Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Products, Guangdong Medical Device Research Institute, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Yaocheng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Products, Guangdong Medical Device Research Institute, Guangzhou 510500, China.,School of Railway Tracks and Transportation, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhengyu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Products, Guangdong Medical Device Research Institute, Guangzhou 510500, China.,School of Railway Tracks and Transportation, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Products, Guangdong Medical Device Research Institute, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Weikang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Products, Guangdong Medical Device Research Institute, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Products, Guangdong Medical Device Research Institute, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Zhibiao Xu
- School of Railway Tracks and Transportation, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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23
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Mohaghegh S, Hosseini SF, Rad MR, Khojateh A. 3D Printed Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A systematic review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:648-709. [PMID: 35135465 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of fabrication factors on both biological and physico-chemical features of 3-dimensional (3D) printed composite scaffolds. METHOD Electronic search was done according to the PRISMA guideline in PubMed and Scopus databases limited to English articles published until May 2021.Studies in which composite scaffolds were fabricated through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-based methods were included.Articles regarding the features of the scaffolds fabricated through indirect techniques were excluded. RESULTS Full text of 121 studies were reviewed, and 69 met the inclusion criteria. According to analyzed studies, PCL and HA were the most commonly used polymer and ceramic,respectively. Besides,the Solvent-based technique was the most commonly used composition technique, which enabled preparing blends with high concentrations of ceramic materials. The most common fabrication method used in the included studies was Fused deposition modeling (FDM).The addition of bio-ceramics enhanced the mechanical features and the biological behaviors of the printed scaffolds in a ratio-dependent manner. However,studies that analyzed the effect of ceramic weight ratio showed that scaffolds with the highest ceramic content did not necessarily possess the optimal biological and non-biological features. CONCLUSION The biological and physico-chemical behaviors of the scaffold can be affected by pre-printing factors, including utilized materials, composition techniques, and fabrication methods. Fabricating scaffolds with high mineral content as of the natural bone may not provide the optimal condition for bone formation. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies compare the efficiency of different kinds of biomaterials rather than different weight ratios of one type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Mohaghegh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Arash Khojateh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
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24
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The 3D Printing of Freestanding PLLA Thin Layers and Improving First Layer Consistency through the Introduction of Sacrificial PVA. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an inexpensive way of producing objects through a programmed layer-by-layer deposition. For multi-layer, macro-scaled prints, acceptable printing is achieved provided, amongst other factors, first layer adhesion is sufficient to fix a part to the surface during printing. However, in the deposition of structures with a single or few layers, first layer consistency is significantly more important and is an issue that has been previously overlooked. As layer-to-bed adhesion is prioritised in first layer printing, thin layer structures are difficult to remove without damage. The deposition of controllable thin structures has potential in tissue engineering through the use of bioactive filaments and incorporation of microfeatures into complex, patient-specific scaffolds. This paper presents techniques to progress the deposition of thin, reproducible structures. The linear thickness variation of 3D-printed single PVA and PLLA layers is presented as a function of extrusion factor and the programmed vertical distance moved by the nozzle between layers (the layer separation). A sacrificial PVA layer is shown to significantly improve first layer consistency, reducing the onus on fine printer calibration in the deposition of single layers. In this way, the linear variation in printed single PLLA layers with bed deviation is drastically reduced. Further, this technique is used to demonstrate the printing of freestanding thin layers of ~25 µm in thickness.
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Soleimani M, Asgharzadeh Salmasi A, Asghari S, Joneidi Yekta H, Kamyab Moghadas B, Shahriari S, Saber-Samandari S, Khandan A. Optimization and fabrication of alginate scaffold for alveolar bone regeneration with sufficient drug release. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-021-00342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tang G, Liu Z, Liu Y, Yu J, Wang X, Tan Z, Ye X. Recent Trends in the Development of Bone Regenerative Biomaterials. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665813. [PMID: 34026758 PMCID: PMC8138062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of a biomaterial is to support the bone tissue regeneration process at the defect site and eventually degrade in situ and get replaced with the newly generated bone tissue. Biomaterials that enhance bone regeneration have a wealth of potential clinical applications from the treatment of non-union fractures to spinal fusion. The use of bone regenerative biomaterials from bioceramics and polymeric components to support bone cell and tissue growth is a longstanding area of interest. Recently, various forms of bone repair materials such as hydrogel, nanofiber scaffolds, and 3D printing composite scaffolds are emerging. Current challenges include the engineering of biomaterials that can match both the mechanical and biological context of bone tissue matrix and support the vascularization of large tissue constructs. Biomaterials with new levels of biofunctionality that attempt to recreate nanoscale topographical, biofactor, and gene delivery cues from the extracellular environment are emerging as interesting candidate bone regenerative biomaterials. This review has been sculptured around a case-by-case basis of current research that is being undertaken in the field of bone regeneration engineering. We will highlight the current progress in the development of physicochemical properties and applications of bone defect repair materials and their perspectives in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangming Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Petretta M, Gambardella A, Boi M, Berni M, Cavallo C, Marchiori G, Maltarello MC, Bellucci D, Fini M, Baldini N, Grigolo B, Cannillo V. Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration Based on PCL and Mg-Containing Bioactive Glasses. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050398. [PMID: 34064398 PMCID: PMC8147831 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a bioresorbable and biocompatible polymer that has been widely used in long-term implants. However, when it comes to regenerative medicine, PCL suffers from some shortcomings such as a slow degradation rate, poor mechanical properties, and low cell adhesion. The incorporation of ceramics such as bioactive glasses into the PCL matrix has yielded a class of hybrid biomaterials with remarkably improved mechanical properties, controllable degradation rates, and enhanced bioactivity, which are suitable for bone tissue engineering. The use of conventional approaches (such as solvent casting and particulate leaching, phase separation, electrospinning, freeze drying, etc.) in realizing these composite scaffolds strongly affects the control of both the internal and the external architecture of scaffolds, including pore size, pore morphology, and overall structure porosity. Accordingly, 3D printing was used in this study because of the benefits offered over conventional methods, such as high flexibility in shape and size, high reproducibility, capabilities of precise control over internal architecture down to the microscale level, and a customized design that can be tailored to specific patient needs. The optimization of the scaffold structure was previously investigated in terms of architecture through the combination of the Taguchi method and CAD drawing, and, in this study, it was investigated by varying the composition of the composite material. Abstract Polycaprolactone (PCL) is widely used in additive manufacturing for the construction of scaffolds for tissue engineering because of its good bioresorbability, biocompatibility, and processability. Nevertheless, its use is limited by its inadequate mechanical support, slow degradation rate and the lack of bioactivity and ability to induce cell adhesion and, thus, bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we fabricated 3D PCL scaffolds reinforced with a novel Mg-doped bioactive glass (Mg-BG) characterized by good mechanical properties and biological reactivity. An optimization of the printing parameters and scaffold fabrication was performed; furthermore, an extensive microtopography characterization by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy was carried out. Nano-indentation tests accounted for the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, whereas SBF tests and cytotoxicity tests using human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were performed to evaluate the bioactivity and in vitro viability. Our results showed that a 50/50 wt% of the polymer-to-glass ratio provides scaffolds with a dense and homogeneous distribution of Mg-BG particles at the surface and roughness twice that of pure PCL scaffolds. Compared to pure PCL (hardness H = 35 ± 2 MPa and Young’s elastic modulus E = 0.80 ± 0.05 GPa), the 50/50 wt% formulation showed H = 52 ± 11 MPa and E = 2.0 ± 0.2 GPa, hence, it was close to those of trabecular bone. The high level of biocompatibility, bioactivity, and cell adhesion encourages the use of the composite PCL/Mg-BG scaffolds in promoting cell viability and supporting mechanical loading in the host trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Petretta
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory RAMSES, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- RegenHU LTD, Z.I. Du Vivier 22, CH-1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Gambardella
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Boi
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory for Nanobiotechnology-NaBi, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0516366715
| | - Matteo Berni
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Medical Technology Laboratory Complex Structure, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carola Cavallo
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory RAMSES, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Gregorio Marchiori
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Maltarello
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Devis Bellucci
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Surgical Sciences and Technologies Complex Structure, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (G.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory for Nanobiotechnology-NaBi, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory RAMSES, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
| | - Valeria Cannillo
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.B.); (V.C.)
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Wang H, Ding L, Xu F, He L, Ye L, Huang L, Zhang L, Luo B. Construction of novel amphiphilic chitosan-polylactide graft copolymer nanodroplets for contrast enhanced ultrasound tumor imaging. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:613-625. [PMID: 33899561 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211011766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, a new amphiphilic chitosan-poly(lactide) graft copolymer was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, XRD, TGA. The obtained chitosan-poly (lactide) graft copolymer was used as the matrix material to prepare nanodroplets (NDs) encapsulating with liquid PFP by double-emulsion and solvent evaporation method. The resulting NDs were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biocompatibility was explored by cytotoxicity assay, cell migration assay and blood biochemistry analysis. The experiments of ultrasonic imaging in vitro and in vivo were carried out with a B-mode clinical ultrasound imaging system. The results of FI-IR and 1H-NMR confirmed the successful grafting reaction of polylactic acid(PLLA) to chitosan with a graft rate of 365%. The average size of the NDs was 101.1 ± 2.7 nm, with the polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.127 ± 0.020, and the zeta potential was -31.8 ± 1.5 mV. From the TEM results, NDs were highly dispersed and had a spherical shape with a distinct capsule structure. The NDs exhibited good stability during storage at 4°C. The NDs solution with different concentrations did not affect cell growth and showed good biocompatibility in cytotoxicity, cell migration and blood biochemistry studies. Under the irradiation of ultrasonic waves, the NDs formed an ultrasonic high signal, which could significantly enhance the ultrasound imaging of tumor tissue in vivo. Taken together, the NDs hold great potential for ultrasound imaging as a nanosized contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Liqiong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Fengnan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Liu He
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Lin Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Lingping Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Binhua Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Han R, Buchanan F, Julius M, Walsh PJ. Filament extrusion of bioresorbable PDLGA for additive manufacturing utilising diatom biosilica to inhibit process-induced thermal degradation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104265. [PMID: 33524893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds are often fabricated by initially producing custom-made filaments by twin-screw extruder and subsequently fabricating into 3D scaffolds using fused deposition modelling. This study aims to directly compare the effect of two alternative silica-rich filler materials on the thermo-mechanical properties of such scaffolds after extrusion and printing. Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PDLGA) was blended with either 45S5 Bioglass (5 wt %) or Biosilica (1 and 5 wt%) isolated from Cyclotella meneghiniana a freshwater diatom were tested. Diatom-PDLGA was found to have similar mechanical strength and ductility to pure-PDLGA, whereas Bioglass-PDLGA was found induce a more brittle behaviour. Bioglass-PDLGA was also found to have the lowest toughness in terms of energy absorption to failure. The TGA results suggested that significant thermal degradation in both the Bioglass filaments and scaffolds had occurred as a result of processing. However, diatom biosilica was found to inhibit thermal degradation of the PDLGA. Furthermore, evidence suggested the agglomeration of Bioglass particles occurred during processing the Bioglass-PDLGA filaments. Overall, diatom biosilica was found to be a promising candidate as a bone filler additive in 3D printed PDLGA scaffolds, whereas Bioglass caused some potentially detrimental effects on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - F Buchanan
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Julius
- Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
| | - P J Walsh
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Lubas M, Przerada I, Zawada A, Jasinski J, Jelen P. Spectroscopic and microstructural investigation of novel Ti–10Zr–45S5 bioglass composite for dental applications. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Arjunan A, Robinson J, Al Ani E, Heaselgrave W, Baroutaji A, Wang C. Mechanical performance of additively manufactured pure silver antibacterial bone scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Okolie O, Stachurek I, Kandasubramanian B, Njuguna J. 3D Printing for Hip Implant Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2682. [PMID: 33202958 PMCID: PMC7697992 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rising demand for replacement, regeneration of tissues and organ repairs for patients who suffer from diseased/damaged bones or tissues such as hip pains. The hip replacement treatment relies on the implant, which may not always meet the requirements due to mechanical and biocompatibility issues which in turn may aggravate the pain. To surpass these limitations, researchers are investigating the use of scaffolds as another approach for implants. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers significant potential as an efficient fabrication technique on personalized organs as it is capable of biomimicking the intricate designs found in nature. In this review, the determining factors for hip replacement and the different fabrication techniques such as direct 3D printing, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SLA) for hip replacement. The study also covers surface modifications of 3D printed implants and provides an overview on 3D tissue regeneration. To appreciate the current conventional hip replacement practices, the conventional metallic and ceramic materials are covered, highlighting their rationale as the material of choice. Next, the challenges, ethics and trends in the implants' 3D printing are covered and conclusions drawn. The outlook and challenges are also presented here. The knowledge from this review indicates that 3D printing has enormous potential for providing a pathway for a sustainable hip replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Okolie
- Centre of Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, UK;
| | - Iwona Stachurek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska Street, 30-418 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Rapid Prototyping Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411025, India;
| | - James Njuguna
- Centre of Advanced Engineering Materials, School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, UK;
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