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Schröter FJ, Moldovan M, Sarosi C, Ilie N. Enhancing dentin bonding through new adhesives formulations with natural polyphenols, tricalcium phosphate and chitosan. Dent Mater 2024; 40:276-284. [PMID: 37993295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to develop new adhesive formulations that include natural polyphenols extracted from green tea (GTE), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and chitosan to improve dentin bonding characteristics and cytotoxicity. METHODS Four experimental adhesives were formulated under laboratory conditions. The groups differed in the integration of either GTE and/or TCP + chitosan. The four experimental and one clinically proven reference adhesive underwent shear bond testing after 24 h and 6 months of aging (n = 200) with subsequent fractographic analysis. Bond morphology was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. The presence of phenolic compounds was validated by high performance liquid chromatography. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the WST-1 colorimetric assay on eluates up to 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed by one- and three-way ANOVA, Games-Howell and Tukey's post-hoc test as well as multiple students t-tests (α = 0.05). Weibull analysis was further conducted. RESULTS The addition of GTE into the bonding agent did show immediate (p = 0.023, p = 0.013) and long-term (p < 0.001) effects on bond strength. After 24 h, GTE doped groups performed equal to the reference (p = 0.501, p = 0.270) and TCP and chitosan displayed improvements in reliability (m=4.0, m=4.3). Bond strength is retained after aging by adding GTE (p = 0.983). The additional presence of TCP and chitosan reduces it (p = 0.026). Excluding cohesive and mixed failures, the reference adhesive performed statistically equal to three of the four experimental groups. No long-term cytotoxic effects were shown. SIGNIFICANCE The integration of GTE can enhance bond strength and a calcium source helps to improve immediate bond reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Schröter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marioara Moldovan
- Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele St., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codruta Sarosi
- Institute of Chemistry Raluca Ripan, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele St., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Khan AS, Alhamdan Y, Alibrahim H, Almulhim KS, Nawaz M, Ahmed SZ, Aljuaid K, Ateeq IS, Akhtar S, Ansari MA, Siddiqui IA. Analyses of Experimental Dental Adhesives Based on Zirconia/Silver Phosphate Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2614. [PMID: 37376260 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of zirconia/silver phosphate nanoparticles to develop experimental dental adhesives and to measure their physical and mechanical properties. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the sonication method, and the phase purity, morphological pattern, and antibacterial properties with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were assessed. The silanized nanoparticles were incorporated (0, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 wt.%) into the photoactivated dimethacrylate resins. The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed, followed by the micro-hardness and flexural strength/modulus test. Long-term color stability was investigated. The bond strength with the dentin surface was conducted on days 1 and 30. The transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractogram confirmed the nano-structure and phase purity of the particles. The nanoparticles showed antibacterial activities against both strains and inhibited biofilm formation. The DC range of the experimental groups was 55-66%. The micro-hardness and flexural strength increased with the concentration of nanoparticles in the resin. The 0.5 wt.% group showed significantly high micro-hardness values, whereas a non-significant difference was observed between the experimental groups for flexural strength. The bond strength was higher on day 1 than on day 30, and a significant difference was observed between the two periods. At day 30, the 0.5 wt.% showed significantly higher values compared to other groups. Long-term color stability was observed for all the samples. The experimental adhesives showed promising results and potential to be used for clinical applications. However, further investigations such as antibacterial, penetration depth, and cytocompatibility are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Alhamdan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Alibrahim
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Almulhim
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Aljuaid
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intisar Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
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Luo Y, Si R, He Y, Wang M, Yu Y, Huang X, Huang R, Huang Y, Luo Y, Jin W, Gou Y. Effect of polyhydroxy-terminated PAMAM dendrimer on dentin matrix metalloproteinases within the hybrid layers. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:141. [PMID: 36906526 PMCID: PMC10007817 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrafibrillar remineralization within the hybrid layers (HLs) has recently attracted extensive attention in achieving durable resin-dentin bonds. The polyhydroxy-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM-OH) at fourth generation becomes a desirable candidate to induce intrafibrillar remineralization to protect exposed collagen fibrils within HLs based on the size exclusion effect of fibrillar collagen. However, the remineralization process in vivo is time-consuming, during which the exposed collagen fibrils are vulnerable to enzymatic degradation, resulting in unsatisfactory remineralization. Thereby, if PAMAM-OH itself possesses concomitant anti-proteolytic activity during the induction of remineralization, it would be very beneficial to obtain satisfactory remineralization. METHODS Binding capacity tests using adsorption isotherm and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were performed to assess if the PAMAM-OH had adsorption capacity on dentin. Anti-proteolytic testings were detected by MMPs assay kit, in-situ zymography and ICTP assay. Adhesive infiltration of resin-dentin interface and tensile bond strength before and after thermomechanical cycling were implemented to assess if the PAMAM-OH adversely affected resin-dentin bonds. RESULTS Anti-proteolytic testings performed using MMPs assay kit, in-situ zymography and ICTP assay indicated that PAMAM-OH inhibited exogenous soluble MMP-9 as well as had inhibitory effect on the endogenous proteases. Adhesive infiltration of resin-dentin interface and tensile bond strength before and after thermomechanical cycling were implemented to indicate that the PAMAM-OH pretreatment had no adverse effects on immediate dentin bonding and prolonged the durability of resin-dentin bonds. CONCLUSIONS PAMAM-OH possesses anti-proteolytic activity and prevents exposed collagen fibrils within HLs from degradation, which lays the foundation for the satisfactory intrafibrillar remineralization induced by PAMAM-OH within HLs to achieve durable resin-dentin bonds in the next work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Ruirui Si
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yuan He
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yingying Yu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Rong Huang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yingyi Huang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Jin
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yaping Gou
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China.
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Eusufzai SZ, Barman A, Jamayet NB, Ahmad WMAW, Mahdi SS, Sheikh Z, Daood U. Effects of Riboflavin Collagen Crosslinker on Dentin Adhesive Bonding Efficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1701. [PMID: 36837334 PMCID: PMC9963098 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate published data regarding riboflavin (RF) as a cross-linker for improved adhesive bond strength to dentin and to analyze previous studies for optimal concentration of riboflavin range suitable for dentin bond. Saliva and distilled water were used as storage media and aging time was 24 h and 6 months. Results of meta-analysis were synthesized using a statistical method of inverse variance in random effects with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Cochrane review manager 5.4.1 was used to determine results of the meta-analysis. In total, 3172 articles were found from search databases "PubMed", "Scopus", and "Google Scholar". Six of the fifteen studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Micro tensile strength shows significant improvement with the addition of riboflavin (p < 0.05) compared to without the addition of riboflavin from with 95% CI. A significant difference has been found in micro tensile bond strength between use of the riboflavin cross-linker and without use of the riboflavin crosslinker in the dentin adhesive system. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the I2 for micro tensile strength was 89% with strong heterogeneity, Chi2 = 44.76, df = 5 (p < 0.00001), and overall effect size is Z = 2.22 (p = 0.03) after immediate aging. Chiang et al. 2013 shows maximum mean differences which is 38.50 [17.93-59.07]. After 6 months of aging in distilled water or artificial saliva micro tensile bond strength has been increased with the addition of riboflavin (p < 0.05). It can be clearly seen that pooled effect and 95% CI did not cross the line of no effect. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the I2 for micro tensile strength was 96% with strong heterogeneity, Chi2 = 117.56, df = 5 (p < 0.00001), and overall effect size is Z = 2.30 (p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis proved a similar effect of distilled water and artificial saliva as storage media on micro tensile bond strength after incorporating riboflavin as a collagen crosslinker. An artificial saliva aged forest plot also showed considerable heterogeneity with I2 = 96%; Tau2 = 257.32; Chi2 = 94.37; df = 2 (p < 0.00001); test for overall effect, Z = 1.06 (p = 0.29). Riboflavin prior to or with bonding is recommended to improve the bonding of different adhesive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Zabin Eusufzai
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Aparna Barman
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nafij Bin Jamayet
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhamad Amir W Ahmad
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sarosh Mahdi
- Division of Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 1W2, Canada
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, NS B3H 1W2, Canada
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Chen H, Sun G, Wang H, Yu S, Tian Z, Zhu S. Effect of collagen cross-linkers on dentin bond strength: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1100894. [PMID: 36760752 PMCID: PMC9903368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of collagen cross-linkers in the bonding performance of the resin-dentin interface through a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. Sources: The literature search was conducted in several databases like PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science from their inception till 30 April 2022. Study selection: The inclusion criteria consisted of in vitro studies evaluating the micro-tensile and micro-shear bond strengths of different cross-linkers acting on dentin. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted using RStudio. Data: Out of the 294 studies evaluated in the full-text analysis, 40 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Most studies have used cross-linkers as primer (65.1%), followed by incorporating them into in adhesives and acid etching agents. The application methods of the adhesive system were classified as "etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesives" (77%) and "self-etching (SE) adhesives". Moreover, there were six types of cross-linkers in this presented review, of which the most numerous were polyphenols. Conclusion: Different application methods of cross-linkers, the long-term results showed that were only effective when used for longer durations, the immediate results were not statistically different. According to immediate and long-term results, etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesives showed a greater bonding performance than the control groups (p ≤ 0.05), whereas self-etching (SE) adhesives showed similar bond strength values (p ≥ 0.05). The result of network meta-analysis (NMA) showed that Dope like compound showed higher long-term bonding performance than other cross-linkers. Clinical significance: Long-term clinical studies may be needed to determine the effect of the cross-linkers on the bonding properties.
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Hardan L, Daood U, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Devoto W, Zarow M, Jakubowicz N, Zamarripa-Calderón JE, Radwanski M, Orsini G, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Effect of Collagen Crosslinkers on Dentin Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152417. [PMID: 35954261 PMCID: PMC9368291 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the role of crosslinking agents in the resin–dentin bond strength (BS) when used as modifiers in adhesives or pretreatments to the dentin surface through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This paper was conducted according to the directions of the PRISMA 2020 statement. The research question of this review was: “Would the use of crosslinkers agents improve the BS of resin-based materials to dentin?” The literature search was conducted in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Manuscripts that reported the effect on the BS after the use of crosslinking agents were included. The meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager v5.4.1. The comparisons were performed by comparing the standardized mean difference between the BS values obtained using the crosslinker agent or the control group. The subgroup comparisons were performed based on the adhesive strategy used (total-etch or self-etch). The immediate and long-term data were analyzed separately. A total of 50 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, while 45 articles were considered for the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis suggested that pretreatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), carbodiimide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glutaraldehyde, and riboflavin crosslinking agents improved the long-term BS of resin composites to dentin (p ≤ 0.02). On the other hand, the use of proanthocyanidins as a pretreatment improved both the immediate and long-term BS values (p ≤ 0.02). When incorporated within the adhesive formulation, only glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS to dentin. It could be concluded that the application of different crosslinking agents such as carbodiimide, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS of adhesive systems to dentin. This effect was observed when these crosslinkers were used as a separate step and when incorporated within the formulation of the adhesive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (M.L.-S.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.); +48-42-675-74-61 (M.L.-S.)
| | | | - Maciej Zarow
- “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Natalia Jakubowicz
- “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Juan Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Mateusz Radwanski
- Department of Endodontics, Chair of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Giovana Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (M.L.-S.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.); +48-42-675-74-61 (M.L.-S.)
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ToF-SIMS Analysis of Demineralized Dentin Biomodified with Calcium Phosphate and Collagen Crosslinking: Effect on Marginal Adaptation of Class V Adhesive Restorations. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164535. [PMID: 34443059 PMCID: PMC8398264 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of biomodification before adhesive procedures on the tooth-restoration interface of class V restorations located in caries-simulated vs. sound dentin, and the quality of dentin surface by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Class V cavities located on cervical dentin were prepared on the buccal surfaces of extracted human molars under the simulation of intratubular fluid flow. Two dentin types, i.e., sound and demineralized by formic-acid, were biomodified with 1% riboflavin and calcium phosphate (CaP) prior to the application of a universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond) in etch and rinse or self-etch mode, and a conventional micro hybrid composite (Clearfil APX). Restorations were subjected to thermo mechanical fatigue test and percentages of continuous margins (% CM) before/after fatigue were compared. Bio modification of dentin surfaces at the molecular level was analyzed by Time-of-Flight Secondary Mass Spectometry (ToF-SIMS). % CM were still significantly higher in tooth-restoration interfaces on sound dentin. Meanwhile, biomodification with riboflavin and CaP had no detrimental effect on adhesion and in carious dentin, it improved the % CM both before and after loading. Etching carious dentin with phosphoric acid provided with the lowest results, leading even to restoration loss. The presence of molecule fragments of riboflavin and CaP were detected by ToF-SIMS, evidencing dentin biomodification. The adhesive interface involving carious dentin could be improved by the use of a collagen crosslinker and CaP prior to adhesive procedures.
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Daood U, Malik AA, Ilyas MS, Ahmed A, Qasim SSB, Banavar SR, Khan AS, Kuan EKS, Bilal S, Matinlinna J, Seow LL. Antimicrobial and self-crosslinking potential of experimentally developed dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide and riboflavin dentin adhesive. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2392-2406. [PMID: 34018311 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate a new formulation, based on dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide (QA) and riboflavin (RF), combining antimicrobial activities and protease inhibitory properties with collagen crosslinking without interference to bonding capabilities in a rabbit model. Quaternary ammonium riboflavin (QARF) experimental adhesives modified with dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium-bromide and riboflavin were bonded (0.5/1.0/2.0%) to rabbit dentin to investigate for pulpal-histology, interfacial-morphology, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical properties, collagen crosslinking, micro-Raman analysis, antimicrobial, and anti-protease activities. Collagen type-I molecules were generated using molecular-docking. Odontoblasts appeared with normal histology, were seen in controls with no inflammatory cells detected in 0.5% specimens at day 7 and mild inflammatory response at day 30. In QARF 2.0%, inflammatory cells were not detected at day 7 and 30 (p < .05). Dentinal tubules are seen with intact collagen surface in 1% specimens. Resin penetrated inside 1% adhesive specimens with few irregularly funnel-shaped tags. Transmission electron microscopy showed thinner collagen in all specimens except 1% QARF specimens. Biofilms were influenced by QARF adhesives. Elastic moduli were significantly higher in 1.0% and 2.0% QARF adhesive specimens with a significant increase in total crosslinks. Stable amide groups with anti-protease activity was observed in QARF groups. Charged residues were seen in the triple helix hCOL3A1, Gly489-Gly510 after stabilisation with formulation. The 1% QARF modified adhesives improved biochemical and biomechanical properties of rabbit dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Asrar Ahmed
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Saad B Qasim
- Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esther Kok Sook Kuan
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sobia Bilal
- Department of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Bourgi R, Daood U, Bijle MN, Fawzy A, Ghaleb M, Hardan L. Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:704. [PMID: 33652596 PMCID: PMC7956770 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic biodegradation of demineralized collagen fibrils could lead to the reduction of resin-dentin bond strength. Therefore, methods that provide protection to collagen fibrils appear to be a pragmatic solution to improve bond strength. Thus, the study's aim was to investigate the effect of ribose (RB) on demineralized resin-dentin specimens in a modified universal adhesive. Dentin specimens were obtained, standardized and then bonded in vitro with a commercial multi-mode adhesive modified with 0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% RB, restored with resin composite, and tested for micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) after storage for 24 h in artificial saliva. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze resin-dentin interface. Contact angles were analyzed using a contact angle analyzer. Depth of penetration of adhesives and nanoleakage were assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and silver tracing. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Schrodinger small-molecule drug discovery suite 2019-4. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and cathepsin-K activities in RB-treated specimens were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The significance level was set at α = 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Incorporation of RB at 1% or 2% is of significant potential (p < 0.05) as it can be associated with improved wettability on dentin surfaces (0.5% had the lowest contact angle) as well as appreciable hybrid layer quality, and higher resin penetration. Improvement of the adhesive bond strength was shown when adding RB at 1% concentration to universal adhesive (p < 0.05). Modified adhesive increased the resistance of collagen degradation by inhibiting MMP-2 and cathepsin-K. A higher RB concentration was associated with improved results (p < 0.01). D-ribose showed favorable negative binding to collagen. In conclusion, universal adhesive using 1% or 2% RB helped in maintaining dentin collagen scaffold and proved to be successful in improving wettability, protease inhibition, and stability of demineralized dentin substrates. A more favorable substrate is created which, in turn, leads to a more stable dentin-adhesive bond. This could lead to more advantageous outcomes in a clinical scenario where a stable bond may result in longevity of the dental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (R.B.); (M.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Nadeem Bijle
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Maroun Ghaleb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (R.B.); (M.G.); (L.H.)
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (R.B.); (M.G.); (L.H.)
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10
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Akram Z, Aati S, Ngo H, Fawzy A. pH-dependent delivery of chlorhexidine from PGA grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles at resin-dentin interface. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:43. [PMID: 33563280 PMCID: PMC7871398 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A low pH environment is created due to the production of acids by oral biofilms that further leads to the dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystal in the tooth structure significantly altering the equilibrium. Although the overall bacterial counts may not be eradicated from the oral cavity, however, synthesis of engineered anti-bacterial materials are warranted to reduce the pathogenic impact of the oral biofilms. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) grafted with poly-L-glycolic acid (PGA) and to test the in vitro drug release in various pH environments, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial capacity. In addition, this study aimed to investigate the delivery of CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA nanoparticles through demineralized dentin tubules and how these nanoparticles interact with tooth dentin after mixing with commercial dentin adhesive for potential clinical application. Results Characterization using SEM/TEM and EDX confirmed the synthesis of CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA. An increase in the percentage of drug encapsulation efficiency from 81 to 85% in CHX loaded/MSN and 92–95% in CHX loaded/MSN-PGA proportionately increased with increasing the amount of CHX during the fabrication of nanoparticles. For both time-periods (24 h or 30 days), the relative microbial viability significantly decreased by increasing the CHX content (P < 0.001). Generally, the cell viability percentage of DPSCs exposed to MSN-PGA/Blank, CHX-loaded/MSN, and CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA, respectively was > 80% indicating low cytotoxicity profiles of experimental nanoparticles. After 9 months in artificial saliva (pH 7.4), the significantly highest micro-tensile bond strength value was recorded for 25:50 CHX/MSN and 25:50:50 CHX/MSN-PGA. A homogenous and widely distributed 50:50:50 CHX-loaded/MSN-PGA nanoparticles exhibited excellent bonding with the application of commercially available dentin adhesive. Conclusions A pH-sensitive CHX release response was noted when loaded in MSN grafted PGA nanoparticles. The formulated drug-loaded nanocarrier demonstrated excellent physicochemical, spectral, and biological characteristics. Showing considerable capacity to penetrate effectively inside dentinal tubules and having high antibacterial efficacy, this system could be potentially used in adhesive and restorative dentistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hein Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
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11
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Effectiveness of Riboflavin and Rose Bengal Photosensitizer Modified Adhesive Resin for Orthodontic Bonding. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010048. [PMID: 33435179 PMCID: PMC7826870 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of riboflavin (RF) and Rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizer modified adhesive resin on the degree of conversion (DC), and antimicrobial capacity after bonded to tooth surface. Different concentrations of RB and RF were prepared by homogenization method. An ultraviolet light source A (UVA) (375 nm wavelength, 3 mW/cm2 power) was used for 30 min irradiation. FTIR was performed for control and test adhesives to analyze the DC. Antibacterial testing was performed using the MTT assay. Metal brackets were bonded using the modified adhesives and subjected for SEM examination. The surfaces of teeth and metal brackets were examined at ×10 magnification for assessing adhesive remnant index (ARI) after PDT, 24 h and thermocycling. For DC, control group, 0.1% RB and RF after PDT showed the highest value. SEM imaging indicated lowest growth of Streptococcus mutans over 0.5% of RB-PDT and RF-PDT as compared to the control group. The MTT assay outcomes reported that the activity of S. mutans substantially decreased with the addition of a high amount of either RB or RF (p < 0.01). Mean ARI scores showed a significant difference between all groups. This study concluded that 0.1% of either RB or RF after PDT can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets to the tooth surface with substantial antibacterial properties.
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