1
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Ooi DQH, Ooi JQC, Ooi LLPJ. Splenic abscesses in the new millenium - a systematic review. ANZ J Surg 2024. [PMID: 39051445 DOI: 10.1111/ans.19178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated splenic abscesses are rare, but increasingly reported with newer organisms and changes in mechanisms involved. We conducted a comparative review of publications from 1900-1977, 1977-1986, 1987-1995, and 1996-2022. METHODS A systematic search in Embase and PubMed resulted in 522 publications (1111 cases). Data was tabulated, analysed, and compared. RESULTS Patient demographics and symptoms remain unchanged although more Asian patients were reported. Metastatic infections remain the main cause, but COVID-19-linked and iatrogenic causes post bariatric surgery and splenic artery embolization are increasingly reported. Aerobic organisms remain the commonest (68%), with a variety of exotic organisms reported. Splenectomy remains the definitive treatment, although antibiotics only and percutaneous aspiration/catheter-drainage are increasingly used with reasonable outcomes, with salvage splenectomy for therapeutic failures not having significantly higher mortality than upfront splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS Isolated splenic abscesses continue to be uncommon, with diagnosis requiring a high degree of suspicion. Non-surgical options for treatment can sometimes be definitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Quan Hui Ooi
- School of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Quan Chen Ooi
- School of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - London Lucien Peng Jin Ooi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary & Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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2
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Müller S, von Bonin S, Schneider R, Krüger M, Quick S, Schröttner P. Shewanella putrefaciens, a rare human pathogen: A review from a clinical perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1033639. [PMID: 36817694 PMCID: PMC9933709 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1033639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a gramnegative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacterium. It belongs to the class of the Gammaproteobacteria and was first described in 1931. S. putrefaciens is part of the marine microflora and especially present in moderate and warm climates. The bacterium is a rare oppurtonistic human pathogen associated mainly with intra-abdominal as well as skin and soft tissue infections. However, it has also been reported in association with more severe diseases such as pneumonia, intracerebral and ocular infections and endocarditis. In these cases the clinical courses are often associated with underlying, predisposing diseases and risk factors. For successful treatment of S. putrefaciens, a combination of appropriate local therapy, e.g. surgical treatment or drainage, and antibiotic therapy should be performed. Since multiple resistances to antibiotics are described, the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing must be considered for effective therapy as well. Furthermore, a main challenge in clinical practice is the accurate microbiological identification, and especially the correct differentiation between S. putrefaciens and S. algae. Under certain circumstances, Shewanella-infections can have severe, sometimes even fatal consequences. Therefore, we decided to present the current state of knowledge as well as further aspects with regard to future diagnostics, therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Müller
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,*Correspondence: Stephanie Müller,
| | - Simone von Bonin
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralph Schneider
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Krüger
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Quick
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Percy Schröttner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Splenic abscess complicating thoracic empyema: A rare complication of salmonellosis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023:S1684-1182(23)00004-X. [PMID: 36739223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Yu K, Huang Z, Xiao Y, Wang D. Shewanella infection in humans: Epidemiology, clinical features and pathogenicity. Virulence 2022; 13:1515-1532. [PMID: 36065099 PMCID: PMC9481105 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2117831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Shewanella consists of Gram-negative proteobacteria that are ubiquitously distributed in environment. As the members of this genus have rapidly increased within the past decade, several species have become emerging pathogens worldwide, attracting the attention of the medical community. These species are also associated with severe community- and hospital-acquired infections. Patients infected with Shewanella spp. had experiences of occupational or recreational exposure; meanwhile, the process of infection is complex and the pathogenicity is influenced by a variety of factors. Here, an exhaustive internet-based literature search was carried out in PUBMED using terms “Achromobacter putrefaciens,” “Pseudomonas putrefaciens,” “Alteromonas putrefaciens” and “Shewanella” to search literatures published between 1978 and June 2022. We provided a comprehensive review on the epidemiology, clinical features and pathogenicity of Shewanella, which will contribute a better understanding of its clinical aetiology, and facilitate the timely diagnosis and effective treatment of Shewanella infection for clinicians and public health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,Center for Human Pathogenic Culture Collection, China CDC, Beijing, China
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5
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Ng WWS, Shum HP, To KKW, Sridhar S. Emerging Infections Due to Shewanella spp.: A Case Series of 128 Cases Over 10 Years. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:850938. [PMID: 35573023 PMCID: PMC9100594 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundShewanella species are emerging pathogens that can cause severe hepatobiliary, skin and soft tissue, gastrointestinal, respiratory infections, and bacteremia. Here we reported the largest case series of infections caused by Shewanella species.AimTo identify the clinical features and risk factors predisposing to Shewanella infections. To evaluate resistance pattern of Shewanella species and appropriateness of antibiotic use in the study cohort.MethodsPatients admitted to a regional hospital in Hong Kong with Shewanella species infection from April 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 were included. Demographics, antibiotics, microbiology, and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.FindingsOver the 10 years, we identified 128 patients with Shewanella species infection. 61.7% were male with a median age of 78 (IQR 65–87). Important underlying diseases included hepatobiliary diseases (63.3%), malignancy (26.6%), chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal failure (25.8%), and diabetes mellitus (22.7%). Hepatobiliary infections (60.4%) were the most common clinical manifestation. Majority (92.2%) were infected with Shewanella algae, while 7.8% were infected with Shewanella putrefaciens. The identified organisms were usually susceptible to ceftazidime (98.7%), gentamicin (97.4%), cefoperazone-sulbactam (93.5%) and ciprofloxacin (90.3%). Imipenem-susceptible strains were only present in 76.6% of isolates.ConclusionThis largest case series suggested that Shewanella infections are commonly associated with underlying comorbidities, especially with hepatobiliary diseases and malignancy. Although Shewanella species remained largely susceptible to third and fourth generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, carbapenem resistance has been on a significant rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wincy Wing-Sze Ng
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Wincy Wing-Sze Ng
| | - Hoi-Ping Shum
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Searching for putative virulence factors in the genomes of Shewanella indica and Shewanella algae. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:683-692. [PMID: 33040180 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are a major threat to both humans and animals worldwide. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of various disease processes at the molecular level. Shewanella species are widespread in the environment and some are considered as emerging opportunistic human and marine mammal pathogens. In this study, putative virulence factors on the genome of Shewanella indica BW, a bacterium isolated from the Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni), were determined. Additionally, for comparative purposes, putative virulence factors from two other S. indica and ten S. algae strains were also determined using the Pathosystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) pipeline. We confirmed the presence of previously reported virulence factors and we are proposing several new candidate virulence factors. Interestingly, the putative virulence factors were very similar between the two species with the exception of microbial collagenase which was present in all S. algae genomes, but absent in all S. indica genomes.
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7
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Wu ZY, Ho SP, Cheng JF, Tung KC, Hong YK, Chen SY, Menzer A, Chen YJ, Huang YT, Liu PY. Whole-genome characterization of Shewanella algae strain SYT3 isolated from seawater reveals insight into hemolysis. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1709-1717. [PMID: 30477345 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the genomic characteristics of seawater-borne hemolytic Shewanella algae and its resistance genes. MATERIALS & METHODS Whole genome sequence of S. algae SYT3 was determined using llumina MiSeq platform. Multiple-database-based analysis was performed to identify the genetic background of its hemolytic activity and the antibiotic resistance genes. RESULTS S. algae SYT3 possesses a homolog of the hly operon involved in the synthesis of hemolysin. We also identified candidate genes associated with resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (bla OXA-55) and fluoroquinolone (qnrA3). CONCLUSION The study provides an insight into the hemolytic activity of S. algae. Our findings also suggested S. algae as a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yen Wu
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, CA 94598, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Peng Ho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Fang Cheng
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, CA 94598, USA
| | - Kwong-Chung Tung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Hong
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yu Chen
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Menzer
- Department of Hygiene & Infection Prevention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Hygiene & Infection Prevention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine & Management, Kaohsiung City 82144, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
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8
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Yousfi K, Bekal S, Usongo V, Touati A. Current trends of human infections and antibiotic resistance of the genus Shewanella. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1353-1362. [PMID: 28299457 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella spp. are commonly known as environmental bacteria and are most frequently isolated from aquatic areas. Currently, diseases syndromes and multidrug resistance have increasingly been reported in the genus Shewanella. Some species are associated with various infections, such as skin and soft tissue infections, as well as bacteremia. Generally, these bacteria are opportunistic and mostly affect people with an impaired immune system. This genus is also a probable vehicle and progenitor of antibiotic resistance genes. In fact, several resistance genes and mobile genetic elements have been identified in some resistant species isolated from environmental or clinical settings. These genes confer resistance to different antibiotic classes, including those used in therapies such as β-lactams and quinolones, and are generally located on the chromosome. Recently, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmid harboring several drug resistance genes associated with transposons and integrons has been identified in Shewanella xiamenensis. These antibiotic resistance genes can circulate in the environment and contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. This review describes different aspects of Shewanella, focusing on the infections caused by this genus, as well as their role in the propagation of antibiotic resistance via mobile genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yousfi
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.,Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - S Bekal
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - V Usongo
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Touati
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, 06000, Algeria.
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9
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Xu J, He W, Wang Z, Zhang D, Sun J, Zhou J, Li Y, Su X. A Comparison of Molecular Biology Mechanism of Shewanella putrefaciens between Fresh and Terrestrial Sewage Wastewater. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:86. [PMID: 27867934 PMCID: PMC5095135 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Municipal and industrial wastewater is often discharged into the environment without appropriate treatment, especially in developing countries. As a result, many rivers and oceans are contaminated. It is urgent to control and administer treatments to these contaminated rivers and oceans. However, most mechanisms of bacterial colonization in contaminated rivers and oceans were unknown, especially in sewage outlets. We found Shewanella putrefaciens to be the primary bacteria in the terrestrial sewage wastewater outlets around Ningbo City, China. Therefore, in this study, we applied a combination of differential proteomics, metabolomics, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques to identify bacteria intracellular metabolites. We found S. putrefaciens had 12 different proteins differentially expressed in freshwater culture than when grown in wastewater, referring to the formation of biological membranes (Omp35, OmpW), energy metabolism (SOD, deoxyribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase), fatty acid metabolism (beta-ketoacyl synthase), secondary metabolism, TCA cycle, lysine degradation (2-oxoglutarate reductase), and propionic acid metabolism (succinyl coenzyme A synthetase). The sequences of these 12 differentially expressed proteins were aligned with sequences downloaded from NCBI. There are also 27 differentially concentrated metabolites detected by NMR, including alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol), amines (dimethylamine, ethanolamine), amino acids (alanine, leucine), amine compounds (bilinerurine), nucleic acid compounds (nucleosides, inosines), and organic acids (formate, acetate). Formate and ethanolamine show significant difference between the two environments and are possibly involved in energy metabolism, glycerophospholipid and ether lipids metabolism to provide energy supply, and material basis for engraftment in sewage. Because understanding S. putrefaciens's biological mechanism of colonization (protein, gene express, and metabolites) in terrestrial sewage outlets is so important to administering and improving contaminated river and to predicting and steering performance, we delved into the biological mechanism that sheds light on the effect of environmental conditions on metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weina He
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Dijun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
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10
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Xu J, He W, Li Y, Zhang D, Zhou J, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang R, Su X. Selective colonization mechanism of Shewanella putrefaciens in dyeing wastewater outlets. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18576b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The responses ofS. putrefaciensto dyeing wastewater have been investigated using differential proteomics, metabolomics, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Xu
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
- College of Engineering
- China Agricultural University
| | - Weina He
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
- Department of Food Science
- Cornell University
| | - DiJun Zhang
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
| | - Chundan Zhang
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science
- Ningbo University
- People's Republic China
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11
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Muñoz L, Vélez J, Molano D, Susunaga P, Gómez M. Seudoquiste pancreático infectado por Shewanella putrefaciens: reporte de caso. INFECTIO 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infect.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Taherzadeh M, Katouli M, Amirinejad R, Farzaneh MR, Gharibi O. A case of wound infection caused by Shewanella algae in the south of Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:29-30. [PMID: 25356336 PMCID: PMC4184621 DOI: 10.1002/2052-2975.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae was isolated from the purulent discharge in the navel area of a young male with a history of swimming in the Persian Gulf. A routine laboratory diagnosis procedure, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, was used to avoid misidentification with other species of Shewanella. The bacterium was suscetible to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, nitrophorantion, amikacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamicin and co-trimoxazole but was resistant to amoxicillin, vancomycin, doxycycline, cephalexin, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephalothin and ceftizoxime. The patient successfully recovered after treatment with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taherzadeh
- The Persian Gulf Health Research Centre Bushehr, Iran ; Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
| | - M Katouli
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia
| | - R Amirinejad
- The Persian Gulf Health Research Centre Bushehr, Iran
| | - M R Farzaneh
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
| | - O Gharibi
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
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13
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Baruah FK, Grover RK. Case report and literature review of carbapenem resistant shewanella putrefaciens isolated from ascitic fluid. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:DD01-2. [PMID: 25386433 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9268.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella species are Gram-negative, non-fermentative, oxidase positive, motile bacilli with the major phenotypic characteristic of production of large amounts of hydrogen sulfide. Shewanella putrefaciens, primarily considered to be an environmental bacterium, is infrequently recovered from clinical specimens. Herein, we report a case of ascitic fluid infection with carbapenem resistant Shewanella putrefaciens in a patient with underlying liver disorder requiring repeated ascitic fluid tapping. Proper antibiotic therapy helped in complete recovery of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frincy Khandelwal Baruah
- Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, Delhi State Cancer Institute , Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Grover
- Director & CEO, Department of Clinical Oncology, Delhi State Cancer Institute , Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
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14
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Fu X, Wang D, Yin X, Du P, Kan B. Time course transcriptome changes in Shewanella algae in response to salt stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96001. [PMID: 24789066 PMCID: PMC4006864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella algae, which produces tetrodotoxin and exists in various seafoods, can cause human diseases, such as spondylodiscitis and bloody diarrhea. In the present study, we focused on the temporal, dynamic process in salt-stressed S. algae by monitoring the gene transcript levels at different time points after high salt exposure. Transcript changes in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, membrane transport, regulatory functions, and cellular signaling were found to be important for the high salt response in S. algae. The most common strategies used by bacteria to survive and grow in high salt environments, such as Na+ efflux, K+ uptake, glutamate transport and biosynthesis, and the accumulation of compatible solutes, were also observed in S. algae. In particular, genes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and DNA repair were highly and steadily up-regulated, accompanied by rapid and instantaneous enhancement of the transcription of large- and small-ribosome subunits, which suggested that the structural changes in the cell wall and some stressful responses occurred in S. algae. Furthermore, the transcription of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the glycolytic pathway was decreased, whereas the transcription of genes involved in anaerobic respiration was increased. These results, demonstrating the multi-pathway reactions of S. algae in response to salt stress, increase our understanding of the microbial stress response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiling Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pengcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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The novel Shewanella putrefaciens-infecting bacteriophage Spp001: genome sequence and lytic enzymes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1017-26. [PMID: 24740748 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens has been identified as a specific spoilage organism commonly found in chilled fresh fish, which contributes to the spoilage of fish products. Limiting S. putrefaciens growth can extend the shelf-life of chilled fish. Endolysins, which are lytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages, have been considered an alternative to control bacterial growth, and have been useful in various applications, including food preservation. We report here, for the first time, the complete genome sequence of a novel phage Spp001, which lyses S. putrefaciens Sp225. The Spp001 genome comprises a 54,789-bp DNA molecule with 67 open reading frames and an average total G + C content of 49.42 %. In silico analysis revealed that the Spp001 open reading frames encode various putative functional proteins, including an endolysin (ORF 62); however, no sequence for genes encoding the holin polypeptides, which work in concert with endolysins, was identified. To examine further the lytic activity of Spp001, we analyzed the lytic enzyme-containing fraction from phages released at the end of the phage lytic cycle in S. putrefaciens, using diffusion and turbidimetric assays. The results show that the partially purified extract contained endolysin, as indicated by a high hydrolytic activity towards bacterial peptidoglycan decrease in the OD590 value by 0.160 in 15 min. The results will allow further investigation of the purification of natural Spp001 endolysin, the extension of Spp001 host range, and the applications of the phage-encoded enzymes.
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Jacob-Kokura S, Chan CY, Kaplan L. Bacteremia and empyema caused by Shewanella algae in a trauma patient. Ann Pharmacother 2014; 48:128-36. [PMID: 24396089 DOI: 10.1177/1060028013517630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the first reported case of bacteremia and empyema caused by Shewanella algae and summarize the existing literature on Shewanella human infection. CASE SUMMARY A 25-year-old healthy male was shot through the chest into the abdomen and fled into an adjacent body of seawater. He underwent surgical repair of his injuries, including pleural decortication. Leukocytosis, bandemia, and copious yellow bronchorrhea led to cultures; piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin were started for broad-spectrum empiric management based on the local intensive care unit antibiogram. Blood and pleural fluid cultures revealed S algae. Sputum cultures grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae. He was successfully managed with an empiric and then tailored antibiotic regimen. DISCUSSION Shewanella algae is a rare Gram-negative bacillus that has infrequently been reported to cause infection. It is found predominantly in men. Shewanella algae infections span bacteremia to necrotizing soft tissue infection and are associated with injury and seawater exposure. Shewanella is susceptible to the majority of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, aztreonam, and fluoroquinolones, but are less predictably susceptible to tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and carbapenem agents. Shewanella infection is associated with medical comorbidities, in particular, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first case report of bacteremia and empyema caused by S algae. Such a case involving a young healthy individual should encourage health care providers to be aware of the potential infections caused by unusual pathogens, and to employ appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy based on reported sensitivity profiles. Based on available susceptibilities, we recommend using a third or fourth-generation cephalosporin as first-line pharmacologic management with regimen de-escalation based on culture-derived data.
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Prinja A, Singh J, Davis N, Urwin G. A rare cause of wound infection after an open fracture: Shewanella putrefaciens. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2012-008537. [PMID: 23417948 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An elderly gentleman presented with an open fracture of the calcaneum and ankle, following a boating accident. Despite treatment with repeated surgical debridement, delayed closure, prolonged antibiotics and strict adherence to national guidelines on the management of open fractures, he developed a wound infection with a rare organism, Shewanella putrefaciens, that appears to be increasing in prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Prinja
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK.
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Janda JM, Abbott SL. The genusShewanella: from the briny depths below to human pathogen. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 40:293-312. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.726209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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