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Sabharwal A, Gupta V, Kv S, Kumar Manokaran R, Verma A, Mishra A, Bhoyar RC, Jain A, Sivadas A, Rawat S, Jolly B, Mohanty S, Gulati S, Gupta N, Kabra M, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S. Whole genome sequencing followed by functional analysis of genomic deletion encompassing ERCC8 and NDUFAF2 genes in a non-consanguineous Indian family reveals dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics leading to infant mortality. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101844. [PMID: 38237647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Genomic investigations on an infant who presented with a putative mitochondrial disorder led to identification of compound heterozygous deletion with an overlapping region of ∼142 kb encompassing two nuclear encoded genes namely ERCC8 and NDUFAF2. Investigations on fetal-derived fibroblast culture demonstrated impaired bioenergetics and mitochondrial dysfunction, which explains the phenotype and observed infant mortality in the present study. The genetic findings from this study extended the utility of whole-genome sequencing as it led to development of a MLPA-based assay for carrier screening in the extended family and the prenatal testing aiding in the birth of two healthy children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sabharwal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States.
| | - Vishu Gupta
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shamsudheen Kv
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Ankit Verma
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Anushree Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Rahul C Bhoyar
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Bani Jolly
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Sheffali Gulati
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India
| | - Madhulika Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, India.
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Barretta F, Uomo F, Caldora F, Mocerino R, Adamo D, Testa F, Simonelli F, Scudiero O, Tinto N, Frisso G, Mazzaccara C. Combined MITOchondrial-NUCLEAR (MITO-NUCLEAR) Analysis for Mitochondrial Diseases Diagnosis: Validation and Implementation of a One-Step NGS Method. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051087. [PMID: 37239447 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is revolutionizing diagnostic screening for mitochondrial diseases (MDs). Moreover, an investigation by NGS still requires analyzing the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes separately, with limitations in terms of time and costs. We describe the validation and implementation of a custom blended MITOchondrial-NUCLEAR (MITO-NUCLEAR) assay for the simultaneous identification of genetic variants both in whole mtDNA and in nuclear genes included in a clinic exome panel. Furthermore, the MITO-NUCLEAR assay, implemented in our diagnostic process, has allowed us to arrive at a molecular diagnosis in a young patient. METHODS Massive sequencing strategy was applied for the validation experiments, performed using multiple tissues (blood, buccal swab, fresh tissue, tissue from slide, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section) and two different blend-in ratios of the mitochondrial probes: nuclear probes; 1:900 and 1:300. RESULTS Data suggested that 1:300 was the optimal probe dilution, where 100% of the mtDNA was covered at least 3000×, the median coverage was >5000×, and 93.84% of nuclear regions were covered at least 100×. CONCLUSIONS Our custom Agilent SureSelect MITO-NUCLEAR panel provides a potential "one-step" investigation that may be applied to both research and genetic diagnosis of MDs, allowing the simultaneous discovery of nuclear and mitochondrial mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Uomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caldora
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Mocerino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Adamo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Testa
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Simonelli
- Eye Clinic, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore, 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Use of Next-Generation Sequencing for Identifying Mitochondrial Disorders. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1127-1148. [PMID: 35723297 PMCID: PMC8947152 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are major contributors to ATP synthesis, generating more than 90% of the total cellular energy production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS): metabolite oxidation, such as the β-oxidation of fatty acids, and the Krebs’s cycle. OXPHOS inadequacy due to large genetic lesions in mitochondrial as well as nuclear genes and homo- or heteroplasmic point mutations in mitochondrially encoded genes is a characteristic of heterogeneous, maternally inherited genetic disorders known as mitochondrial disorders that affect multisystemic tissues and organs with high energy requirements, resulting in various signs and symptoms. Several traditional diagnostic approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, cardiac testing, biochemical screening, variable heteroplasmy genetic testing, identifying clinical features, and skeletal muscle biopsies, are associated with increased risks, high costs, a high degree of false-positive or false-negative results, or a lack of precision, which limits their diagnostic abilities for mitochondrial disorders. Variable heteroplasmy levels, mtDNA depletion, and the identification of pathogenic variants can be detected through genetic sequencing, including the gold standard Sanger sequencing. However, sequencing can be time consuming, and Sanger sequencing can result in the missed recognition of larger structural variations such as CNVs or copy-number variations. Although each sequencing method has its own limitations, genetic sequencing can be an alternative to traditional diagnostic methods. The ever-growing roster of possible mutations has led to the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS). The enhancement of NGS methods can offer a precise diagnosis of the mitochondrial disorder within a short period at a reasonable expense for both research and clinical applications.
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Del Giudice L, Alifano P, Calcagnile M, Di Schiavi E, Bertapelle C, Aletta M, Pontieri P. Mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes connected with Alzheimer's and tellurite toxicity. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:45-58. [PMID: 35218961 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic disorders characterized by dysfunctional mitochondria. Within eukaryotic cells, mitochondria contain their own ribosomes, which synthesize small amounts of proteins, all of which are essential for the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system. The ribosome is an evolutionarily conserved macromolecular machine in nature both from a structural and functional point of view, universally responsible for the synthesis of proteins. Among the diseases afflicting humans, those of ribosomal origin - either cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S) or mitochondrial ribosomes (70S) - are relevant. These are inherited or acquired diseases most commonly caused by either ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency or defects in ribosome biogenesis. Here we review the scientific literature about the recent advances on changes in mitochondrial ribosomal structural and assembly proteins that are implicated in primary mitochondrial diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, and their possible connection with metalloid pollution and toxicity, with a focus on MRPL44, NAM9 (MNA6) and GEP3 (MTG3), whose lack or defect was associated with resistance to tellurite. Finally, we illustrate the suitability of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S.cerevisiae) and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) as model organisms for studying mitochondrial ribosome dysfunctions including those involved in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Del Giudice
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Napoli 80134, Italy.
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paola Pontieri
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, Napoli 80134, Italy
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5
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Weisschuh N, Schimpf-Linzenbold S, Mazzola P, Kieninger S, Xiao T, Kellner U, Neuhann T, Kelbsch C, Tonagel F, Wilhelm H, Kohl S, Wissinger B. Mutation spectrum of the OPA1 gene in a large cohort of patients with suspected dominant optic atrophy: Identification and classification of 48 novel variants. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253987. [PMID: 34242285 PMCID: PMC8270428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is one of the most common inherited optic neuropathies. This disease is genetically heterogeneous, but most cases are due to pathogenic variants in the OPA1 gene: depending on the population studied, 32–90% of cases harbor pathogenic variants in this gene. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the entire spectrum of likely pathogenic variants in the OPA1 gene in a large cohort of patients. Over a period of 20 years, 755 unrelated probands with a diagnosis of bilateral optic atrophy were referred to our laboratory for molecular genetic investigation. Genetic testing of the OPA1 gene was initially performed by a combined analysis using either single-strand conformation polymorphism or denaturing high performance liquid chromatography followed by Sanger sequencing to validate aberrant bands or melting profiles. The presence of copy number variations was assessed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Since 2012, genetic testing was based on next-generation sequencing platforms. Genetic screening of the OPA1 gene revealed putatively pathogenic variants in 278 unrelated probands which represent 36.8% of the entire cohort. A total of 156 unique variants were identified, 78% of which can be considered null alleles. Variant c.2708_2711del/p.(V903Gfs*3) was found to constitute 14% of all disease-causing alleles. Special emphasis was placed on the validation of splice variants either by analyzing cDNA derived from patients´ blood samples or by heterologous splice assays using minigenes. Splicing analysis revealed different aberrant splicing events, including exon skipping, activation of exonic or intronic cryptic splice sites, and the inclusion of pseudoexons. Forty-eight variants that we identified were novel. Nine of them were classified as pathogenic, 34 as likely pathogenic and five as variant of uncertain significance. Our study adds a significant number of novel variants to the mutation spectrum of the OPA1 gene and will thereby facilitate genetic diagnostics of patients with suspected dominant optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Schimpf-Linzenbold
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascale Mazzola
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sinja Kieninger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ting Xiao
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kellner
- Zentrum für seltene Netzhauterkrankungen, AugenZentrum Siegburg, MVZ Augenärztliches Diagnostik- und Therapiecentrum Siegburg GmbH, Siegburg, Germany.,RetinaScience, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Carina Kelbsch
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Tonagel
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Wilhelm
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Mazzaccara C, Mirra B, Barretta F, Caiazza M, Lombardo B, Scudiero O, Tinto N, Limongelli G, Frisso G. Molecular Epidemiology of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy: A Search Among Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115742. [PMID: 34072184 PMCID: PMC8197938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy (MCM) is a common manifestation of multi-organ Mitochondrial Diseases (MDs), occasionally present in non-syndromic cases. Diagnosis of MCM is complex because of wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity and requires medical, laboratory, and neuroimaging investigations. Currently, the molecular screening for MCM is fundamental part of MDs management and allows achieving the definitive diagnosis. In this article, we review the current genetic knowledge associated with MDs, focusing on diagnosis of MCM and MDs showing cardiac involvement. We searched for publications on mitochondrial and nuclear genes involved in MCM, mainly focusing on genetic screening based on targeted gene panels for the molecular diagnosis of the MCM, by using Next Generation Sequencing. Here we report twelve case reports, four case-control studies, eleven retrospective studies, and two prospective studies, for a total of twenty-nine papers concerning the evaluation of cardiac manifestations in mitochondrial diseases. From the analysis of published causal mutations, we identified 130 genes to be associated with mitochondrial heart diseases. A large proportion of these genes (34.3%) encode for key proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), either as directly OXPHOS subunits (22.8%), and as OXPHOS assembly factors (11.5%). Mutations in several mitochondrial tRNA genes have been also reported in multi-organ or isolated MCM (15.3%). This review highlights the main disease-genes, identified by extensive genetic analysis, which could be included as target genes in next generation panels for the molecular diagnosis of patients with clinical suspect of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817-462-422
| | - Bruno Mirra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Monaldi Hospital, AO Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Monaldi Hospital, AO Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
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7
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Vellers HL, Verhein KC, Burkholder AB, Lee J, Kim Y, Lightfoot JT, Shi M, Weinberg CR, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Kleeberger SR. Association between Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variants and V˙O2 max Trainability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 52:2303-2309. [PMID: 33064405 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We designed the study to determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup, sequence, and heteroplasmy differed between individuals previously characterized as low (LR) or high responders (HR) as defined by their maximal oxygen uptake response to a standardized aerobic exercise training program. METHODS DNA was isolated from whole blood in subjects from the HERITAGE Family Study that were determined to be either HR (n = 15) or LR (n = 15). mtDNA was amplified by long-range polymerase chain reaction, then tagged with Nextera libraries and sequenced on a MiSeq instrument. RESULTS Different mtDNA haplogroup subtypes were found in HR and LR individuals. Compared with HR subjects, significantly more LR subjects had variants in 13 sites, including 7 in hypervariable (HV) regions: HV2 (G185A: 0 vs 6, P = 0.02; G228A: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04; C295T: 0 vs 6; P = 0.04), HV3 (C462T: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04; T489C: 0 vs 5; P = 0.04), and HV1 (C16068T: 0 vs 6, P = 0.02; T16125C: 0 vs 6, P = 0.02). Remaining variants were in protein coding genes, mtND1 (1 vs 8, P = 0.02), mtND3 (A10397G: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04), mtND4 (A11250G: 1 vs 8, P = 0.02), mtND5 (G13707A: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04), and mtCYTB (T14797C: 0 vs 5, P = 0.04; C15451A: 1 vs 8, P = 0.02). Average total numbers of heteroplasmies (P = 0.83) and frequency of heteroplasmies (P = 0.05) were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide specific sites across the mitochondrial genome that may be related to maximal oxygen uptake trainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten C Verhein
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | | | | | - Min Shi
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | | | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
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8
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Lareau CA, Ludwig LS, Muus C, Gohil SH, Zhao T, Chiang Z, Pelka K, Verboon JM, Luo W, Christian E, Rosebrock D, Getz G, Boland GM, Chen F, Buenrostro JD, Hacohen N, Wu CJ, Aryee MJ, Regev A, Sankaran VG. Massively parallel single-cell mitochondrial DNA genotyping and chromatin profiling. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:451-461. [PMID: 32788668 PMCID: PMC7878580 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations enable the inference of clonal relationships among cells. mtDNA can be profiled along with measures of cell state, but has not yet been combined with the massively parallel approaches needed to tackle the complexity of human tissue. Here, we introduce a high-throughput, droplet-based mitochondrial single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (scATAC-seq), a method that combines high-confidence mtDNA mutation calling in thousands of single cells with their concomitant high-quality accessible chromatin profile. This enables the inference of mtDNA heteroplasmy, clonal relationships, cell state and accessible chromatin variation in individual cells. We reveal single-cell variation in heteroplasmy of a pathologic mtDNA variant, which we associate with intra-individual chromatin variability and clonal evolution. We clonally trace thousands of cells from cancers, linking epigenomic variability to subclonal evolution, and infer cellular dynamics of differentiating hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our approach enables the study of cellular population dynamics and clonal properties in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Lareau
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Christoph Muus
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Satyen H Gohil
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Academic Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Tongtong Zhao
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Chiang
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karin Pelka
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Verboon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Luo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena Christian
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Rosebrock
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Department of Biology and Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Kerr M, Hume S, Omar F, Koo D, Barnes H, Khan M, Aman S, Wei XC, Alfuhaid H, McDonald R, McDonald L, Newell C, Sparkes R, Hittel D, Khan A. MITO-FIND: A study in 390 patients to determine a diagnostic strategy for mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:66-82. [PMID: 32980267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases, due to nuclear or mitochondrial genome mutations causing mitochondrial dysfunction, have a wide range of clinical features involving neurologic, muscular, cardiac, hepatic, visual, and auditory symptoms. Making a diagnosis of a mitochondrial disease is often challenging since there is no gold standard and traditional testing methods have required tissue biopsy which presents technical challenges and most patients prefer a non-invasive approach. Since a diagnosis invariably involves finding a disease-causing DNA variant, new approaches such as next generation sequencing (NGS) have the potential to make it easier to make a diagnosis. We evaluated the ability of our traditional diagnostic pathway (metabolite analysis, tissue neuropathology and respiratory chain enzyme activity) in 390 patients. The traditional diagnostic pathway provided a diagnosis of mitochondrial disease in 115 patients (29.50%). Analysis of mtDNA, tissue neuropathology, skin electron microscopy, respiratory chain enzyme analysis using inhibitor assays, blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were all statistically significant in distinguishing patients between a mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial diagnosis. From these 390 patients who underwent traditional analysis, we recruited 116 patients for the NGS part of the study (36 patients who had a mitochondrial diagnosis (MITO) and 80 patients who had no diagnosis (No-Dx)). In the group of 36 MITO patients, nuclear whole exome sequencing (nWES) provided a second diagnosis in 2 cases who already had a pathogenic variant in mtDNA, and a revised diagnosis (GLUL) in one case that had abnormal pathology but no pathogenic mtDNA variant. In the 80 NO-Dx patients, nWES found non-mitochondrial diagnosis in 26 patients and a mitochondrial diagnosis in 1 patient. A genetic diagnosis was obtained in 53/116 (45.70%) cases that were recruited for NGS, but not in 11/116 (9.48%) of cases with abnormal mitochondrial neuropathology. Our results show that a non-invasive, bigenomic sequencing (BGS) approach (using both a nWES and optimized mtDNA analysis to include large deletions) should be the first step in investigating for mitochondrial diseases. There may still be a role for tissue biopsy in unsolved cases or when the diagnosis is still not clear after NGS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kerr
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacey Hume
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Fadya Omar
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Desmond Koo
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Barnes
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maida Khan
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suhaib Aman
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Chang Wei
- Department of Radiology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hanen Alfuhaid
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman McDonald
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liam McDonald
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Newell
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sparkes
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dustin Hittel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aneal Khan
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Snyder RJ, Verhein KC, Vellers HL, Burkholder AB, Garantziotis S, Kleeberger SR. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes upregulate mitochondrial gene expression and trigger mitochondrial dysfunction in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1344-1361. [PMID: 31478767 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1655107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are a relatively new class of materials that acquire novel properties based on their reduced size. While these materials have widespread use in consumer products and industrial applications, the potential health risks associated with exposure to them remain to be fully characterized. Carbon nanotubes are among the most widely used nanomaterials and have high potential for human exposure by inhalation. These nanomaterials are known to penetrate the cell membrane and interact with intracellular molecules, resulting in a multitude of documented effects, including oxidative stress, genotoxicity, impaired metabolism, and apoptosis. While the capacity for carbon nanotubes to damage nuclear DNA has been established, the effect of exposure on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is relatively unexplored. In this study, we investigated the potential of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to impair mitochondrial gene expression and function in human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). Primary BECs were exposed to sub-cytotoxic doses (up to 3 μg/ml) of MWCNTs for 5 d and assessed for changes in expression of all mitochondrial protein-coding genes, heteroplasmies, and insertion/deletion mutations (indels). Exposed cells were also measured for cytotoxicity, metabolic function, mitochondrial abundance, and mitophagy. We found that MWCNTs upregulated mitochondrial gene expression, while significantly decreasing oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial abundance. Confocal microscopy revealed induction of mitophagy by 2 hours of exposure. Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy and insertion/deletion mutations were not significantly affected by any treatment. We conclude that carbon nanotubes cause mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to mitophagy in exposed BECs via a mechanism unrelated to its reported genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- Immunity, Inflammation & Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Heather L Vellers
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Adam B Burkholder
- Immunity, Inflammation & Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Immunity, Inflammation & Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- Immunity, Inflammation & Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
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11
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Singh V, Jolly B, Rajput NK, Pramanik S, Bhardwaj A. MtBrowse: An integrative genomics browser for human mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrion 2019; 48:31-36. [PMID: 30738202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human mitochondrion is a unique semi-autonomous organelle with a genome of its own and also requires nuclear encoded components to carry out its functions. In addition to being the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria plays a central role in several metabolic pathways. It is therefore challenging to delineate the cause-effect relationship in context of mitochondrial dysfunction. Several studies implicate mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in various complex diseases. The human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes a set of 37 genes, 13 protein coding, 22 tRNAs and two ribosomal RNAs, which are essential structural and functional components of the electron transport chain. As mentioned above, variations in these genes have been implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases and are extensively reported in literature and various databases. A large number of databases and prediction methods have been published to elucidate the role of human mitochondrial DNA in various disease phenotypes. However, there is no centralized resource to visualize this genotype-phenotype data. Towards this, we have developed MtBrowse: an integrative genomics browser for human mtDNA. As of now, MtBrowse has four categories - Gene, Disease, Reported variation and Variation prediction. These categories have 105 tracks and house data on mitochondrial reference genes, around 600 variants reported in literature with respect to various disease phenotypes and predictions for potential pathogenic variations in protein-coding genes. MtBrowse also hosts genomic variation data from over 5000 individuals on 22 disease phenotypes. MtBrowse may be accessed at http://ab-openlab.csir.res.in/cgi-bin/gb2/gbrowse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Singh
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Bani Jolly
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neeraj K Rajput
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sayan Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
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12
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Walczak M, Skrzypczak-Zielinska M, Plucinska M, Zakerska-Banaszak O, Marszalek D, Lykowska-Szuber L, Stawczyk-Eder K, Dobrowolska A, Slomski R. Long-range PCR libraries and next-generation sequencing for pharmacogenetic studies of patients treated with anti-TNF drugs. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 19:358-367. [PMID: 30293984 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biological therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) monoclonal antibodies significantly increased the effectiveness of autoimmune disease treatment compared with conventional medicines. However, anti-TNF-α drugs are relatively expensive and a response to the therapy is reported in only 60-70% of patients. Moreover, in up to 5% of patients adverse drug reactions occur. The various effects of biological treatment may be a potential consequence of interindividual genetic variability. Only a few studies have been conducted in this field and which refer to single gene loci. Our aim was to design and optimize a methodology for a broader application of pharmacogenetic studies in patients undergoing anti-TNF-α treatment. Based on the current knowledge, we selected 16 candidate genes: TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, ADAM17, CASP9, FCGR3A, LTA, TNF, FAS, IL1B, IL17A, IL6, MMP1, MMP3, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12, which are potentially involved in the response to anti-TNF-α therapy. As a research model, three DNA samples from Crohn's disease (CD) patients were used. Targeted genomic regions were amplified in 23 long-range (LR) PCR reactions and after enzymatic fragmentation amplicon libraries were prepared and analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Our results indicated 592 sequence variations located in all fragments with coverage range of 5-1089. We demonstrate a highly sensitive, flexible, rapid, and economical approach to the pharmacogenetic investigation of anti-TNF-α therapy using amplicon libraries and NGS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Walczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marianna Plucinska
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Oliwia Zakerska-Banaszak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daria Marszalek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Lykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamila Stawczyk-Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Slomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznan, Poland
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13
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Keratinocyte differentiation induces APOBEC3A, 3B, and mitochondrial DNA hypermutation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9745. [PMID: 29950685 PMCID: PMC6021414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are found in many types of cancers and suspected to be involved in carcinogenesis, although the mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we report that consecutive C-to-T mutations (hypermutations), a unique feature of mutations induced by APOBECs, are found in mtDNA from cervical dysplasia and oropharyngeal cancers. In vitro, we found that APOBEC3A (A3A) and 3B (A3B) expression, as well as mtDNA hypermutation, were induced in a cervical dysplastic cell line W12 when cultured in a differentiating condition. The ectopic expression of A3A or A3B was sufficient to hypermutate mtDNA. Fractionation of W12 cell lysates and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that A3A and A3B could be contained in mitochondrion. These results suggest that mtDNA hypermutation is induced upon keratinocyte differentiation, and shed light on its molecular mechanism, which involves A3s. The possible involvement of mtDNA hypermutations in carcinogenesis is also discussed.
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14
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Nicastro E, D'Antiga L. Next generation sequencing in pediatric hepatology and liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:282-293. [PMID: 29080241 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the analysis of human genetic variations, offering a highly cost-effective way to diagnose monogenic diseases (MDs). Because nearly half of the children with chronic liver disorders have a genetic cause and approximately 20% of pediatric liver transplantations are performed in children with MDs, NGS offers the opportunity to significantly improve the diagnostic yield in this field. Among the NGS strategies, the use of targeted gene panels has proven useful to rapidly and reliably confirm a clinical suspicion, whereas the whole exome sequencing (WES) with variants filtering has been adopted to assist the diagnostic workup in unclear clinical scenarios. WES is powerful but challenging because it detects a great number of variants of unknown significance that can be misinterpreted and lead to an incorrect diagnosis. In pediatric hepatology, targeted NGS can be very valuable to discriminate neonatal/infantile cholestatic disorders, disclose genetic causes of acute liver failure, and diagnose the subtype of inborn errors of metabolism presenting with a similar phenotype (such as glycogen storage disorders, mitochondrial cytopathies, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease). The inclusion of NGS in diagnostic processes will lead to a paradigm shift in medicine, changing our approach to the patient as well as our understanding of factors affecting genotype-phenotype match. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and the challenges offered nowadays by NGS, and we propose a novel algorithm for cholestasis of infancy adopted in our center, including targeted NGS as a pivotal tool for the diagnosis of liver-based MDs. Liver Transplantation 24 282-293 2018 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Nicastro
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Antiga
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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15
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Pagani IS, Kok CH, Saunders VA, Van der Hoek MB, Heatley SL, Schwarer AP, Hahn CN, Hughes TP, White DL, Ross DM. A Method for Next-Generation Sequencing of Paired Diagnostic and Remission Samples to Detect Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Associated with Leukemia. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:711-721. [PMID: 28732215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been identified in many human cancers, including leukemia. To identify somatic mutations, it is necessary to have a control tissue from the same individual for comparison. When patients with leukemia achieve remission, the remission peripheral blood may be a suitable and easily accessible control tissue, but this approach has not previously been applied to the study of mtDNA mutations. We have developed and validated a next-generation sequencing approach for the identification of leukemia-associated mtDNA mutations in 26 chronic myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis using either nonhematopoietic or remission blood samples as the control. The entire mt genome was amplified by long-range PCR and sequenced using Illumina technology. Variant caller software was used to detect mtDNA somatic mutations, and an empirically determined threshold of 2% was applied to minimize false-positive results because of sequencing errors. Mutations were called against both nonhematopoietic and remission controls: the overall concordance between the two approaches was 81% (73/90 mutations). Some discordant results were because of the presence of somatic mutations in remission samples, because of either minimal residual disease or nonleukemic hematopoietic clones. This method could be applied to study somatic mtDNA mutations in leukemia patients who achieve minimal residual disease, and in patients with nonhematopoietic cancers who have a matched uninvolved tissue available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria S Pagani
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chung H Kok
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Verity A Saunders
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark B Van der Hoek
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan L Heatley
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony P Schwarer
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Haematology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher N Hahn
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy P Hughes
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah L White
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David M Ross
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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16
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Kim Y, Park J, Kim M. Diagnostic approaches for inherited hemolytic anemia in the genetic era. Blood Res 2017; 52:84-94. [PMID: 28698843 PMCID: PMC5503903 DOI: 10.5045/br.2017.52.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited hemolytic anemias (IHAs) are genetic diseases that present with anemia due to the increased destruction of circulating abnormal RBCs. The RBC abnormalities are classified into the three major disorders of membranopathies, hemoglobinopathies, and enzymopathies. Traditional diagnosis of IHA has been performed via a step-wise process combining clinical and laboratory findings. Nowadays, the etiology of IHA accounts for germline mutations of the responsible genes coding for the structural components of RBCs. Recent advances in molecular technologies, including next-generation sequencing, inspire us to apply these technologies as a first-line approach for the identification of potential mutations and to determine the novel causative genes in patients with IHAs. We herein review the concept and strategy for the genetic diagnosis of IHAs and provide an overview of the preparations for clinical applications of the new molecular technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggoo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Errichiello E, Venesio T. Mitochondrial DNA variants in colorectal carcinogenesis: Drivers or passengers? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1905-1914. [PMID: 28393270 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial DNA alterations have widely been reported in many age-related degenerative diseases and tumors, including colorectal cancer. In the past few years, the discovery of inter-genomic crosstalk between nucleus and mitochondria has reinforced the role of mitochondrial DNA variants in perturbing this essential signaling pathway and thus indirectly targeting nuclear genes involved in tumorigenic and invasive phenotype. FINDINGS Mitochondrial dysfunction is currently considered a crucial hallmark of carcinogenesis as well as a promising target for anticancer therapy. Mitochondrial DNA alterations include point mutations, deletions, inversions, and copy number variations, but numerous studies investigating their pathogenic role in cancer have provided inconsistent evidence. Furthermore, the biological impact of mitochondrial DNA variants may vary tremendously, depending on the proportion of mutant DNA molecules carried by the neoplastic cells (heteroplasmy). CONCLUSIONS In this review, we discuss the role of different type of mitochondrial DNA alterations in colorectal carcinogenesis and, in particular, we revisit the issue of whether they may be considered as causative driver or simply genuine passenger events. The advent of high-throughput techniques as well as the development of genetic and pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction in colorectal cancer are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Errichiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Starda Provinciale 142, Candiolo, 10060, Turin, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Starda Provinciale 142, Candiolo, 10060, Turin, Italy
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18
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Jennings LJ, Arcila ME, Corless C, Kamel-Reid S, Lubin IM, Pfeifer J, Temple-Smolkin RL, Voelkerding KV, Nikiforova MN. Guidelines for Validation of Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Oncology Panels: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology and College of American Pathologists. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:341-365. [PMID: 28341590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods for cancer testing have been rapidly adopted by clinical laboratories. To establish analytical validation best practice guidelines for NGS gene panel testing of somatic variants, a working group was convened by the Association of Molecular Pathology with liaison representation from the College of American Pathologists. These joint consensus recommendations address NGS test development, optimization, and validation, including recommendations on panel content selection and rationale for optimization and familiarization phase conducted before test validation; utilization of reference cell lines and reference materials for evaluation of assay performance; determining of positive percentage agreement and positive predictive value for each variant type; and requirements for minimal depth of coverage and minimum number of samples that should be used to establish test performance characteristics. The recommendations emphasize the role of laboratory director in using an error-based approach that identifies potential sources of errors that may occur throughout the analytical process and addressing these potential errors through test design, method validation, or quality controls so that no harm comes to the patient. The recommendations contained herein are intended to assist clinical laboratories with the validation and ongoing monitoring of NGS testing for detection of somatic variants and to ensure high quality of sequencing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Jennings
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Maria E Arcila
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Corless
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Suzanne Kamel-Reid
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Clinical Laboratory Genetics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ira M Lubin
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John Pfeifer
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Karl V Voelkerding
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Marina N Nikiforova
- Next-Generation Sequencing Analytical Validation Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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19
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Mutai H, Watabe T, Kosaki K, Ogawa K, Matsunaga T. Mitochondrial mutations in maternally inherited hearing loss. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 28320335 PMCID: PMC5359870 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Although the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations m.1555A > G and m.3243A > G are the primary causes of maternally inherited sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), several other mtDNA mutations are also reported to be associated with SNHL. Methods Screening of m.1555A > G and m.3243A > G mutations was performed for 145 probands. Nine probands fulfilled the following criteria: 1) bilateral and symmetric SNHL, 2) ≥ 4 family members with SNHL with a maternal trait of inheritance in ≥ 2 generations, 3) onset of SNHL before the age of 40 years, 4) high-frequency SNHL, and 5) no record of environmental factors related to SNHL. Sequencing of additional mtDNA regions was performed for five subjects meeting the clinical criteria, but the screening results were negative. Results Among the nine cases meeting the five clinical criteria detailed above, three had the m.1555A > G mutation in MTRNR1, one had a m.3243A > G mutation in MTTL1, and one case had a m.7511T > C mutation in MTTS1. In the family with the m.7511T > C mutation, penetrance of SNHL among maternally related subjects was 9/17 (53%). The age at onset varied from birth (congenital) to adulthood. Hearing levels varied from normal to moderately impaired, unlike previously reported subjects with this mutation, where some maternal family members presented with profound SNHL. Family members with the m.7511T > C mutation and SNHL did not exhibit any specific clinical characteristics distinct from those of other individuals with SNHL and different mtDNA mutations. Among the 136 probands who did not meet the criteria detailed above, one case had the m.1555A > G mutation, and three cases had the m.3243A > G mutation. Conclusions Since five of nine probands with the clinical criteria used in this study had mtDNA mutations, these criteria may be helpful for identification of candidate patients likely to have mtDNA mutations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0389-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mutai
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Takahisa Watabe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Division of Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
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20
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Agarwal AM, Nussenzveig RH, Reading NS, Patel JL, Sangle N, Salama ME, Prchal JT, Perkins SL, Yaish HM, Christensen RD. Clinical utility of next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of hereditary haemolytic anaemias. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:806-14. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana M. Agarwal
- Department of Pathology; University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Roberto H. Nussenzveig
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) Laboratories; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Noel S. Reading
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) Laboratories; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Jay L. Patel
- Department of Pathology; University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Nikhil Sangle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Mohamed E. Salama
- Department of Pathology; University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Josef T. Prchal
- Division of Hematology; Department of Medicine; University of Utah Health Sciences; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Sherrie L Perkins
- Department of Pathology; University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Hassan M. Yaish
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Pediatrics; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Robert D. Christensen
- Divisions of Neonatology and Hematology Oncology; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
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21
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Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been rapidly integrated into molecular pathology, dramatically increasing the breadth genomic of information available to oncologists and their patients. This review will explore the ways in which this new technology is currently applied to bolster care for patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies, focusing on practices and guidelines for assessing the technical validity and clinical utility of DNA variants identified during clinical NGS oncology testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Strom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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Di Fruscio G, Schulz A, De Cegli R, Savarese M, Mutarelli M, Parenti G, Banfi S, Braulke T, Nigro V, Ballabio A. Lysoplex: An efficient toolkit to detect DNA sequence variations in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Autophagy 2016; 11:928-38. [PMID: 26075876 PMCID: PMC4502703 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1043077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) regulates cell homeostasis and plays a crucial role in human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and common neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the identification of DNA sequence variations in genes involved in this pathway and their association with human diseases would have a significant impact on health. To this aim, we developed Lysoplex, a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach, which allowed us to obtain a uniform and accurate coding sequence coverage of a comprehensive set of 891 genes involved in lysosomal, endocytic, and autophagic pathways. Lysoplex was successfully validated on 14 different types of LSDs and then used to analyze 48 mutation-unknown patients with a clinical phenotype of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a genetically heterogeneous subtype of LSD. Lysoplex allowed us to identify pathogenic mutations in 67% of patients, most of whom had been unsuccessfully analyzed by several sequencing approaches. In addition, in 3 patients, we found potential disease-causing variants in novel NCL candidate genes. We then compared the variant detection power of Lysoplex with data derived from public whole exome sequencing (WES) efforts. On average, a 50% higher number of validated amino acid changes and truncating variations per gene were identified. Overall, we identified 61 truncating sequence variations and 488 missense variations with a high probability to cause loss of function in a total of 316 genes. Interestingly, some loss-of-function variations of genes involved in the ALP pathway were found in homozygosity in the normal population, suggesting that their role is not essential. Thus, Lysoplex provided a comprehensive catalog of sequence variants in ALP genes and allows the assessment of their relevance in cell biology as well as their contribution to human disease.
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23
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Vellarikkal SK, Dhiman H, Joshi K, Hasija Y, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V. mit-o-matic: a comprehensive computational pipeline for clinical evaluation of mitochondrial variations from next-generation sequencing datasets. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:419-24. [PMID: 25677119 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human mitochondrial genome has been reported to have a very high mutation rate as compared with the nuclear genome. A large number of mitochondrial mutations show significant phenotypic association and are involved in a broad spectrum of diseases. In recent years, there has been a remarkable progress in the understanding of mitochondrial genetics. The availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have not only reduced sequencing cost by orders of magnitude but has also provided us good quality mitochondrial genome sequences with high coverage, thereby enabling decoding of a number of human mitochondrial diseases. In this study, we report a computational and experimental pipeline to decipher the human mitochondrial DNA variations and examine them for their clinical correlation. As a proof of principle, we also present a clinical study of a patient with Leigh disease and confirmed maternal inheritance of the causative allele. The pipeline is made available as a user-friendly online tool to annotate variants and find haplogroup, disease association, and heteroplasmic sites. The "mit-o-matic" computational pipeline represents a comprehensive cloud-based tool for clinical evaluation of mitochondrial genomic variations from NGS datasets. The tool is freely available at http://genome.igib.res.in/mitomatic/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, Delhi, India
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24
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Cracking the Code of Human Diseases Using Next-Generation Sequencing: Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:161648. [PMID: 26665001 PMCID: PMC4668301 DOI: 10.1155/2015/161648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have greatly impacted on every field of molecular research mainly because they reduce costs and increase throughput of DNA sequencing. These features, together with the technology's flexibility, have opened the way to a variety of applications including the study of the molecular basis of human diseases. Several analytical approaches have been developed to selectively enrich regions of interest from the whole genome in order to identify germinal and/or somatic sequence variants and to study DNA methylation. These approaches are now widely used in research, and they are already being used in routine molecular diagnostics. However, some issues are still controversial, namely, standardization of methods, data analysis and storage, and ethical aspects. Besides providing an overview of the NGS-based approaches most frequently used to study the molecular basis of human diseases at DNA level, we discuss the principal challenges and applications of NGS in the field of human genomics.
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25
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Bhandari S, Zhang X, Cui C, Bianba, Liao S, Peng Y, Zhang H, Xiang K, Shi H, Ouzhuluobu, Baimakongzhuo, Gonggalanzi, Liu S, Gengdeng, Wu T, Qi X, Su B. Genetic evidence of a recent Tibetan ancestry to Sherpas in the Himalayan region. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16249. [PMID: 26538459 PMCID: PMC4633682 DOI: 10.1038/srep16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sherpas living around the Himalayas are renowned as high-altitude mountain climbers but when and where the Sherpa people originated from remains contentious. In this study, we collected DNA samples from 582 Sherpas living in Nepal and Tibet Autonomous Region of China to study the genetic diversity of both their maternal (mitochondrial DNA) and paternal (Y chromosome) lineages. Analysis showed that Sherpas share most of their paternal and maternal lineages with indigenous Tibetans, representing a recently derived sub-lineage. The estimated ages of two Sherpa-specific mtDNA sub-haplogroups (C4a3b1 and A15c1) indicate a shallow genetic divergence between Sherpas and Tibetans less than 1,500 years ago. These findings reject the previous theory that Sherpa and Han Chinese served as dual ancestral populations of Tibetans, and conversely suggest that Tibetans are the ancestral populations of the Sherpas, whose adaptive traits for high altitude were recently inherited from their ancestors in Tibet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Bhandari
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chaoying Cui
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Bianba
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shiyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Kun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Ouzhuluobu
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Baimakongzhuo
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Gonggalanzi
- High Altitude Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Tibetan University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Gengdeng
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- National Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, High Altitude Medical Research Institute, Xining 810012, China
| | - Xuebin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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26
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Yeo JHC, Skinner JPJ, Bird MJ, Formosa LE, Zhang JG, Kluck RM, Belz GT, Chong MMW. A Role for the Mitochondrial Protein Mrpl44 in Maintaining OXPHOS Capacity. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26221731 PMCID: PMC4519308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified Mrpl44 in a search for mammalian proteins that contain RNase III domains. This protein was previously found in association with the mitochondrial ribosome of bovine liver extracts. However, the precise Mrpl44 localization had been unclear. Here, we show by immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation that Mrpl44 is localized to the matrix of the mitochondria. We found that it can form multimers, and confirm that it is part of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome. By manipulating its expression, we show that Mrpl44 may be important for regulating the expression of mtDNA-encoded genes. This was at the level of RNA expression and protein translation. This ultimately impacted ATP synthesis capability and respiratory capacity of cells. These findings indicate that Mrpl44 plays an important role in the regulation of the mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet H C Yeo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew J Bird
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
| | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark M W Chong
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia
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27
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Rajput NK, Singh V, Bhardwaj A. Resources, challenges and way forward in rare mitochondrial diseases research. F1000Res 2015; 4:70. [PMID: 26180633 PMCID: PMC4490798 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6208.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 300 million people are affected by about 7000 rare diseases globally. There are tremendous resource limitations and challenges in driving research and drug development for rare diseases. Hence, innovative approaches are needed to identify potential solutions. This review focuses on the resources developed over the past years for analysis of genome data towards understanding disease biology especially in the context of mitochondrial diseases, given that mitochondria are central to major cellular pathways and their dysfunction leads to a broad spectrum of diseases. Platforms for collaboration of research groups, clinicians and patients and the advantages of community collaborative efforts in addressing rare diseases are also discussed. The review also describes crowdsourcing and crowdfunding efforts in rare diseases research and how the upcoming initiatives for understanding disease biology including analyses of large number of genomes are also applicable to rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Rajput
- Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
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28
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Yubero D, Montero R, Armstrong J, Espinós C, Palau F, Santos-Ocaña C, Salviati L, Navas P, Artuch R. Molecular diagnosis of coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1049-59. [PMID: 26144946 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1062727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) deficiency syndromes comprise a growing number of neurological and extraneurological disorders. Primary-genetic but also secondary CoQ deficiencies have been reported. The biochemical determination of CoQ is a good tool for the rapid identification of CoQ deficiencies but does not allow the selection of candidate genes for molecular diagnosis. Moreover, the metabolic pathway for CoQ synthesis is an intricate and not well-understood process, where a large number of genes are implicated. Thus, only next-generation sequencing techniques (either genetic panels of whole-exome and -genome sequencing) are at present appropriate for a rapid and realistic molecular diagnosis of these syndromes. The potential treatability of CoQ deficiency strongly supports the necessity of a rapid molecular characterization of patients, since primary CoQ deficiencies may respond well to CoQ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Yubero
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, and Pediatric Institute for Rare Diseases (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Abstract
The field of clinical genetics has advanced at an unprecedented pace. Today, with the aid of several high-resolution and high-precision technologies, physicians are able to make molecular genetic diagnoses for many infants affected with genetic disease. It is imperative, however, that perinatologists and neonatologists understand the strengths and limitations of genetic testing. This article discusses the different genetic testing options available for perinatal and neonatal diagnostics, along with their clinical utilities and indications. From variant-specific testing to whole-exome and genome sequencing, the article covers the whole gamut of genetic testing, with some thoughts on the changing paradigm of medical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkanth Ankala
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Madhuri R Hegde
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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30
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Rajput NK, Singh V, Bhardwaj A. Resources, challenges and way forward in rare mitochondrial diseases research. F1000Res 2015; 4:70. [PMID: 26180633 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6208.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 300 million people are affected by about 7000 rare diseases globally. There are tremendous resource limitations and challenges in driving research and drug development for rare diseases. Hence, innovative approaches are needed to identify potential solutions. This review focuses on the resources developed over the past years for analysis of genome data towards understanding disease biology especially in the context of mitochondrial diseases, given that mitochondria are central to major cellular pathways and their dysfunction leads to a broad spectrum of diseases. Platforms for collaboration of research groups, clinicians and patients and the advantages of community collaborative efforts in addressing rare diseases are also discussed. The review also describes crowdsourcing and crowdfunding efforts in rare diseases research and how the upcoming initiatives for understanding disease biology including analyses of large number of genomes are also applicable to rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Rajput
- Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
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31
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Dames S, Eilbeck K, Mao R. A high-throughput next-generation sequencing assay for the mitochondrial genome. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1264:77-88. [PMID: 25631005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2257-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an effective method for mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) sequencing and heteroplasmy detection. The following protocol describes an mtDNA enrichment method up to library preparation and sequencing on Illumina NGS platforms. A short command line alignment script is available for download via FTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shale Dames
- ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA,
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32
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Next-generation sequencing of the mitochondrial genome and association with IgA nephropathy in a renal transplant population. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7379. [PMID: 25488329 PMCID: PMC4260226 DOI: 10.1038/srep07379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys are highly aerobic organs that are critically dependent on the normal functioning of mitochondria. Genetic variations disrupting mitochondrial function are associated with multifactorial disorders including kidney disease. This study sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome in a renal transplant cohort of 64 individuals, using next-generation sequencing, to evaluate the association of genetic variants with IgA nephropathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD, n = 100).
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33
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Haas J, Barb I, Katus HA, Meder B. Targeted next-generation sequencing: the clinician's stethoscope for genetic disorders. Per Med 2014; 11:581-592. [PMID: 29758803 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic biomarkers are crucial for diagnosis, guiding of treatments and estimation of prognosis. In the past, clinical genetic diagnostics was limited by the sequencing information gained from selected exons and single genes. For genetically heterogeneous diseases, such as cardiomyopathies, where underlying mutations in more than 1000 exons are known, a Sanger-based comprehensive test would have been extremely expensive and labor intensive. Next-generation sequencing has overcome these problems in terms of costs, speed and throughput. In this review we discuss available methods for targeted next-generation sequencing that ease the introduction of this technology into routine clinical application. We further provide results of a study we have performed to compare two state-of-the-art methods for their enrichment efficiency and detection accuracy of variants in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Ioana Barb
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
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34
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Yu Z, Cao K, Tischler T, Stolle CA, Santani AB. Mung bean nuclease treatment increases capture specificity of microdroplet-PCR based targeted DNA enrichment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103491. [PMID: 25058678 PMCID: PMC4110027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted DNA enrichment coupled with next generation sequencing has been increasingly used for interrogation of select sub-genomic regions at high depth of coverage in a cost effective manner. Specificity measured by on-target efficiency is a key performance metric for target enrichment. Non-specific capture leads to off-target reads, resulting in waste of sequencing throughput on irrelevant regions. Microdroplet-PCR allows simultaneous amplification of up to thousands of regions in the genome and is among the most commonly used strategies for target enrichment. Here we show that carryover of single-stranded template genomic DNA from microdroplet-PCR constitutes a major contributing factor for off-target reads in the resultant libraries. Moreover, treatment of microdroplet-PCR enrichment products with a nuclease specific to single-stranded DNA alleviates off-target load and improves enrichment specificity. We propose that nuclease treatment of enrichment products should be incorporated in the workflow of targeted sequencing using microdroplet-PCR for target capture. These findings may have a broad impact on other PCR based applications for which removal of template DNA is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Yu
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZY) (ZY); (ABS) (AS)
| | - Kajia Cao
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tanya Tischler
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Stolle
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Avni B. Santani
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZY) (ZY); (ABS) (AS)
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Ye F, Samuels DC, Clark T, Guo Y. High-throughput sequencing in mitochondrial DNA research. Mitochondrion 2014; 17:157-63. [PMID: 24859348 PMCID: PMC4149223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing, also known as high-throughput sequencing, has greatly enhanced researchers' ability to conduct biomedical research on all levels. Mitochondrial research has also benefitted greatly from high-throughput sequencing; sequencing technology now allows for screening of all 16,569 base pairs of the mitochondrial genome simultaneously for SNPs and low level heteroplasmy and, in some cases, the estimation of mitochondrial DNA copy number. It is important to realize the full potential of high-throughput sequencing for the advancement of mitochondrial research. To this end, we review how high-throughput sequencing has impacted mitochondrial research in the categories of SNPs, low level heteroplasmy, copy number, and structural variants. We also discuss the different types of mitochondrial DNA sequencing and their pros and cons. Based on previous studies conducted by various groups, we provide strategies for processing mitochondrial DNA sequencing data, including assembly, variant calling, and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David C Samuels
- Center for Human Genetics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Travis Clark
- Vanderbilt Technology for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Application of Massively Parallel Sequencing in the Clinical Diagnostic Testing of Inherited Cardiac Conditions. Med Sci (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/medsci2020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Xiao CL, Mai ZB, Lian XL, Zhong JY, Jin JJ, He QY, Zhang G. FANSe2: a robust and cost-efficient alignment tool for quantitative next-generation sequencing applications. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94250. [PMID: 24743329 PMCID: PMC3990525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct and bias-free interpretation of the deep sequencing data is inevitably dependent on the complete mapping of all mappable reads to the reference sequence, especially for quantitative RNA-seq applications. Seed-based algorithms are generally slow but robust, while Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) based algorithms are fast but less robust. To have both advantages, we developed an algorithm FANSe2 with iterative mapping strategy based on the statistics of real-world sequencing error distribution to substantially accelerate the mapping without compromising the accuracy. Its sensitivity and accuracy are higher than the BWT-based algorithms in the tests using both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequencing datasets. The gene identification results of FANSe2 is experimentally validated, while the previous algorithms have false positives and false negatives. FANSe2 showed remarkably better consistency to the microarray than most other algorithms in terms of gene expression quantifications. We implemented a scalable and almost maintenance-free parallelization method that can utilize the computational power of multiple office computers, a novel feature not present in any other mainstream algorithm. With three normal office computers, we demonstrated that FANSe2 mapped an RNA-seq dataset generated from an entire Illunima HiSeq 2000 flowcell (8 lanes, 608 M reads) to masked human genome within 4.1 hours with higher sensitivity than Bowtie/Bowtie2. FANSe2 thus provides robust accuracy, full indel sensitivity, fast speed, versatile compatibility and economical computational utilization, making it a useful and practical tool for deep sequencing applications. FANSe2 is freely available at http://bioinformatics.jnu.edu.cn/software/fanse2/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Le Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Biao Mai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-jie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (Q-YH)
| | - Gong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (Q-YH)
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Altmüller J, Budde BS, Nürnberg P. Enrichment of target sequences for next-generation sequencing applications in research and diagnostics. Biol Chem 2014; 395:231-7. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Targeted re-sequencing such as gene panel sequencing (GPS) has become very popular in medical genetics, both for research projects and in diagnostic settings. The technical principles of the different enrichment methods have been reviewed several times before; however, new enrichment products are constantly entering the market, and researchers are often puzzled about the requirement to take decisions about long-term commitments, both for the enrichment product and the sequencing technology. This review summarizes important considerations for the experimental design and provides helpful recommendations in choosing the best sequencing strategy for various research projects and diagnostic applications.
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Strom SP, Lee H, Das K, Vilain E, Nelson SF, Grody WW, Deignan JL. Assessing the necessity of confirmatory testing for exome-sequencing results in a clinical molecular diagnostic laboratory. Genet Med 2014; 16:510-5. [PMID: 24406459 PMCID: PMC4079763 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2013.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sanger sequencing is currently considered the gold standard methodology for clinical molecular diagnostic testing. However, next generation sequencing (NGS) has already emerged as a much more efficient means to identify genetic variants within gene panels, the exome, or the genome. We sought to assess the accuracy of NGS variant identification in our clinical genomics laboratory with the goal of establishing a quality score threshold for confirmatory Sanger-based testing. Methods Confirmation data for reported results from 144 sequential clinical exome sequencing cases (94 unique variants) and an additional set of 16 variants from comparable research samples were analyzed. Results 103 of 110 total SNVs analyzed had a quality score ≥Q500, 103 (100%) of which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Of the remaining 7 variants with quality scores <Q500, 6 were confirmed by Sanger sequencing (85%). Conclusions For single nucleotide variants, we predict we will be able to reduce our Sanger confirmation workload going forward by 70–80%. This serves as a proof of principle that as long as sufficient validation and quality control measures are implemented, the volume of Sanger confirmation can be reduced, alleviating a significant amount of the labor and cost burden on clinical laboratories wishing to utilize NGS technology. However, Sanger confirmation of low quality single nucleotide variants and all indels (insertions or deletions less than 10 bp) remains necessary at this time in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Strom
- 1] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA [2] Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kingshuk Das
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- 1] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA [2] Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wayne W Grody
- 1] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA [2] Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua L Deignan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine¸ David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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