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Guarin DO, Joshi SM, Samoilenko A, Kabir MSH, Hardy EE, Takahashi AM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Chekmenev EY, Yen YF. Development of Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of [ 15 N 3 ]Metronidazole: A Clinically Approved Antibiotic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219181. [PMID: 37247411 PMCID: PMC10524734 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (d-DNP) of [15 N3 ]metronidazole ([15 N3 ]MNZ) for the first time. Metronidazole is a clinically approved antibiotic, which can be potentially employed as a hypoxia-sensing molecular probe using 15 N hyperpolarized (HP) nucleus. The DNP process is very efficient for [15 N3 ]MNZ with an exponential build-up constant of 13.8 min using trityl radical. After dissolution and sample transfer to a nearby 4.7 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner, HP [15 N3 ]MNZ lasted remarkably long with T1 values up to 343 s and 15 N polarizations up to 6.4 %. A time series of HP [15 N3 ]MNZ images was acquired in vitro using a steady state free precession sequence on the 15 NO2 peak. The signal lasted over 13 min with notably long T2 of 20.5 s. HP [15 N3 ]MNZ was injected in the tail vein of a healthy rat, and dynamic spectroscopy was performed over the rat brain. The in vivo HP 15 N signals persisted over 70 s, demonstrating an unprecedented opportunity for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Guarin
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., MA 02129, Charlestown, USA
- Polarize ApS., Asmussens Alle 1, 1808, Frederiksberg, Denmak
| | - Sameer M Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, MI 48202, Detroit, USA
| | - Anna Samoilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, MI 48202, Detroit, USA
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, MI 48202, Detroit, USA
| | - Erin E Hardy
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., MA 02129, Charlestown, USA
| | - Atsush M Takahashi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, Cambridge, USA
| | - Jan H Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- Polarize ApS., Asmussens Alle 1, 1808, Frederiksberg, Denmak
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 348, Ørsteds Pl., 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, MI 48202, Detroit, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., MA 02129, Charlestown, USA
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Adelabu I, Chowdhury MRH, Nantogma S, Oladun C, Ahmed F, Stilgenbauer L, Sadagurski M, Theis T, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Efficient SABRE-SHEATH Hyperpolarization of Potent Branched-Chain-Amino-Acid Metabolic Probe [1- 13C]ketoisocaproate. Metabolites 2023; 13:200. [PMID: 36837820 PMCID: PMC9963635 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient 13C hyperpolarization of ketoisocaproate is demonstrated in natural isotopic abundance and [1-13C]enriched forms via SABRE-SHEATH (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei). Parahydrogen, as the source of nuclear spin order, and ketoisocaproate undergo simultaneous chemical exchange with an Ir-IMes-based hexacoordinate complex in CD3OD. SABRE-SHEATH enables spontaneous polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydrides to the 13C nucleus of transiently bound ketoisocaproate. 13C polarization values of up to 18% are achieved at the 1-13C site in 1 min in the liquid state at 30 mM substrate concentration. The efficient polarization build-up becomes possible due to favorable relaxation dynamics. Specifically, the exponential build-up time constant (14.3 ± 0.6 s) is substantially lower than the corresponding polarization decay time constant (22.8 ± 1.2 s) at the optimum polarization transfer field (0.4 microtesla) and temperature (10 °C). The experiments with natural abundance ketoisocaproate revealed polarization level on the 13C-2 site of less than 1%-i.e., one order of magnitude lower than that of the 1-13C site-which is only partially due to more-efficient relaxation dynamics in sub-microtesla fields. We rationalize the overall much lower 13C-2 polarization efficiency in part by less favorable catalyst-binding dynamics of the C-2 site. Pilot SABRE experiments at pH 4.0 (acidified sample) versus pH 6.1 (unaltered sodium [1-13C]ketoisocaproate) reveal substantial modulation of SABRE-SHEATH processes by pH, warranting future systematic pH titration studies of ketoisocaproate, as well as other structurally similar ketocarboxylate motifs including pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate, with the overarching goal of maximizing 13C polarization levels in these potent molecular probes. Finally, we also report on the pilot post-mortem use of HP [1-13C]ketoisocaproate in a euthanized mouse, demonstrating that SABRE-hyperpolarized 13C contrast agents hold promise for future metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Md Raduanul H. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Clementinah Oladun
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Lukas Stilgenbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Joint UNC-CH & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Quasi-continuous production of highly hyperpolarized carbon-13 contrast agents every 15 seconds within an MRI system. Commun Chem 2022; 5:21. [PMID: 36697573 PMCID: PMC9814607 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized contrast agents (HyCAs) have enabled unprecedented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of metabolism and pH in vivo. Producing HyCAs with currently available methods, however, is typically time and cost intensive. Here, we show virtually-continuous production of HyCAs using parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), without stand-alone polarizer, but using a system integrated in an MRI instead. Polarization of ≈2% for [1-13C]succinate-d2 or ≈19% for hydroxyethyl-[1-13C]propionate-d3 was created every 15 s, for which fast, effective, and well-synchronized cycling of chemicals and reactions in conjunction with efficient spin-order transfer was key. We addressed these challenges using a dedicated, high-pressure, high-temperature reactor with integrated water-based heating and a setup operated via the MRI pulse program. As PHIP of several biologically relevant HyCAs has recently been described, this Rapid-PHIP technique promises fast preclinical studies, repeated administration or continuous infusion within a single lifetime of the agent, as well as a prolonged window for observation with signal averaging and dynamic monitoring of metabolic alterations.
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Srinivas SA, Cauley SF, Stockmann JP, Sappo CR, Vaughn CE, Wald LL, Grissom WA, Cooley CZ. External Dynamic InTerference Estimation and Removal (EDITER) for low field MRI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:614-628. [PMID: 34480778 PMCID: PMC8920578 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Point-of-care MRI requires operation outside of Faraday shielded rooms normally used to block image-degrading electromagnetic interference (EMI). To address this, we introduce the EDITER method (External Dynamic InTerference Estimation and Removal), an external sensor-based method to retrospectively remove image artifacts from time-varying external interference sources. THEORY AND METHODS The method acquires data from multiple EMI detectors (tuned receive coils as well as untuned electrodes placed on the body) simultaneously with the primary MR coil during and between image data acquisition. We calculate impulse response functions dynamically that map the data from the detectors to the time varying artifacts then remove the transformed detected EMI from the MR data. Performance of the EDITER algorithm was assessed in phantom and in vivo imaging experiments in an 80 mT portable brain MRI in a controlled EMI environment and with an open 47.5 mT MRI scanner in an uncontrolled EMI setting. RESULTS In the controlled setting, the effectiveness of the EDITER technique was demonstrated for specific types of introduced EMI sources with up to a 97% reduction of structured EMI and up to 76% reduction of broadband EMI in phantom experiments. In the uncontrolled EMI experiments, we demonstrate EMI reductions of up to 99% using an electrode and pick-up coil in vivo. We demonstrate up to a nine-fold improvement in image SNR with the method. CONCLUSION The EDITER technique is a flexible and robust method to improve image quality in portable MRI systems with minimal passive shielding and could reduce the reliance of MRI on shielded rooms and allow for truly portable MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Abitha Srinivas
- Vanderbilt University Institute of imaging science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen F Cauley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jason P Stockmann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charlotte R Sappo
- Vanderbilt University Institute of imaging science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christopher E Vaughn
- Vanderbilt University Institute of imaging science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - William A Grissom
- Vanderbilt University Institute of imaging science, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Clarissa Z Cooley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Schmidt AB, Bowers CR, Buckenmaier K, Chekmenev EY, de Maissin H, Eills J, Ellermann F, Glöggler S, Gordon JW, Knecht S, Koptyug IV, Kuhn J, Pravdivtsev AN, Reineri F, Theis T, Them K, Hövener JB. Instrumentation for Hydrogenative Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization Techniques. Anal Chem 2022; 94:479-502. [PMID: 34974698 PMCID: PMC8784962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - C. Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospect, 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Department of Radiology – Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frowin Ellermann
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max Planck Institutefor Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jule Kuhn
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Via Nizza 52, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kolja Them
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Kiel, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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6
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Salnikov OG, Chukanov NV, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kovtunov KV, Shchepin RV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Heterogeneous 1 H and 13 C Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization of Acetate and Pyruvate Esters. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1389-1396. [PMID: 33929077 PMCID: PMC8249325 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of [1-13 C]hyperpolarized carboxylates (most notably, [1-13 C]pyruvate) allows one to visualize abnormal metabolism in tumors and other pathologies. Herein, we investigate the efficiency of 1 H and 13 C hyperpolarization of acetate and pyruvate esters with ethyl, propyl and allyl alcoholic moieties using heterogeneous hydrogenation of corresponding vinyl, allyl and propargyl precursors in isotopically unlabeled and 1-13 C-enriched forms with parahydrogen over Rh/TiO2 catalysts in methanol-d4 and in D2 O. The maximum obtained 1 H polarization was 0.6±0.2 % (for propyl acetate in CD3 OD), while the highest 13 C polarization was 0.10±0.03 % (for ethyl acetate in CD3 OD). Hyperpolarization of acetate esters surpassed that of pyruvates, while esters with a triple carbon-carbon bond in unsaturated alcoholic moiety were less efficient as parahydrogen-induced polarization precursors than esters with a double bond. Among the compounds studied, the maximum 1 H and 13 C NMR signal intensities were observed for propyl acetate. Ethyl acetate yielded slightly less intense NMR signals which were dramatically greater than those of other esters under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 57701, Rapid City, South Dakota, United States
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3 A Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, 48202, Detroit, Michigan, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Rodin BA, Eills J, Picazo-Frutos R, Sheberstov KF, Budker D, Ivanov KL. Constant-adiabaticity ultralow magnetic field manipulations of parahydrogen-induced polarization: application to an AA'X spin system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7125-7134. [PMID: 33876078 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The field of magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized contrast agents is rapidly expanding, and parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is emerging as an inexpensive and easy-to-implement method for generating the required hyperpolarized biomolecules. Hydrogenative PHIP delivers hyperpolarized proton spin order to a substrate via chemical addition of H2 in the spin-singlet state, but it is typically necessary to transfer the proton polarization to a heteronucleus (usually 13C) which has a longer spin lifetime. Adiabatic ultralow magnetic field manipulations can be used to induce the polarization transfer, but this is necessarily a slow process, which is undesirable since the spins continually relax back to thermal equilibrium. Here we demonstrate two constant-adiabaticity field sweep methods, one in which the field passes through zero, and one in which the field is swept from zero, for optimal polarization transfer on a model AA'X spin system, [1-13C]fumarate. We introduce a method for calculating the constant-adiabaticity magnetic field sweeps, and demonstrate that they enable approximately one order of magnitude faster spin-order conversion compared to linear sweeps. The present method can thus be utilized to manipulate nonthermal order in heteronuclear spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan A Rodin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Reineri F, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S. Hydrogenative-PHIP polarized metabolites for biological studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:25-47. [PMID: 33527252 PMCID: PMC7910253 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ParaHydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, but its application to biological investigations has been hampered, so far, due to chemical challenges. PHIP is obtained by means of the addition of hydrogen, enriched in the para-spin isomer, to an unsaturated substrate. Both hydrogen atoms must be transferred to the same substrate, in a pairwise manner, by a suitable hydrogenation catalyst; therefore, a de-hydrogenated precursor of the target molecule is necessary. This has strongly limited the number of parahydrogen polarized substrates. The non-hydrogenative approach brilliantly circumvents this central issue, but has not been translated to in-vivo yet. Recent advancements in hydrogenative PHIP (h-PHIP) considerably widened the possibility to hyperpolarize metabolites and, in this review, we will focus on substrates that have been obtained by means of this method and used in vivo. Attention will also be paid to the requirements that must be met and on the issues that have still to be tackled to obtain further improvements and to push PHIP substrates in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
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9
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Korchak S, Jagtap AP, Glöggler S. Signal-enhanced real-time magnetic resonance of enzymatic reactions at millitesla fields. Chem Sci 2020; 12:314-319. [PMID: 34163599 PMCID: PMC8178804 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04884d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely applied in biomedical and biological science to study structures and dynamics of proteins and their reactions. Despite its impact, NMR is an inherently insensitive phenomenon and has driven the field to construct spectrometers with increasingly higher magnetic fields leading to more detection sensitivity. Here, we are demonstrating that enzymatic reactions can be followed in real-time at millitesla fields, three orders of magnitude lower than the field of state-of-the-art NMR spectrometers. This requires signal-enhancing samples via hyperpolarization. Within seconds, we have enhanced the signals of 2-13C-pyruvate, an important metabolite to probe cancer metabolism, in 22 mM concentrations (up to 10.1% ± 0.1% polarization) and show that such a large signal allows for the real-time detection of enzymatic conversion of pyruvate to lactate at 24 mT. This development paves the pathways for biological studies in portable and affordable NMR systems with a potential for medical diagnostics. We demonstrate that metabolism can be monitored in real-time with magnetic resonance at milli-tesla fields that are 1000 fold lower than state-of-the-art high field spectrometers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max-Planck-Insitute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Anil P Jagtap
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max-Planck-Insitute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group, Max-Planck-Insitute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Faßberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany .,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration of UMG Von-Siebold-Str. 3A 37075 Göttingen Germany
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10
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Topping GJ, Hundshammer C, Nagel L, Grashei M, Aigner M, Skinner JG, Schulte RF, Schilling F. Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:221-256. [PMID: 31811491 PMCID: PMC7109201 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Aigner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Joalland B, Schmidt AB, Kabir MSH, Chukanov NV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Hennig J, Hövener JB, Chekmenev EY. Pulse-Programmable Magnetic Field Sweeping of Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization by Side Arm Hydrogenation. Anal Chem 2020; 92:1340-1345. [PMID: 31800220 PMCID: PMC7436199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the hyperpolarization techniques geared toward in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) shows promise due to its low cost and fast speed of contrast agent preparation. The synthesis of 13C-labeled, unsaturated precursors to perform PHIP by side arm hydrogenation has recently opened new possibilities for metabolic imaging owing to the biological compatibility of the reaction products, although the polarization transfer between the parahydrogen-derived protons and the 13C heteronucleus must yet be better understood, characterized, and eventually optimized. In this realm, a new experimental strategy incorporating pulse-programmable magnetic field sweeping and in situ detection has been developed. The approach is evaluated by measuring the 13C polarization of ethyl acetate-1-13C, i.e., the product of pairwise addition of parahydrogen to vinyl acetate-1-13C, resulting from zero-crossing magnetic field ramps of various durations, amplitudes, and step sizes. The results demonstrate (i) the profound effect these parameters have on the 1H to 13C polarization transfer efficiency and (ii) the high reproducibility of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department or Radiology and Neuroradiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohammad S. H. Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department or Radiology and Neuroradiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Germany
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
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12
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Eills J, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Budker D, Aime S, Reineri F. Real-Time Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Detection of Fumarase Activity Using Parahydrogen-Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Fumarate. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20209-20214. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Helmholtz Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council of Italy, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy
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13
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Gemeinhardt ME, Limbach MN, Gebhardt TR, Eriksson CW, Eriksson SL, Lindale JR, Goodson EA, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. “Direct”
13
C Hyperpolarization of
13
C‐Acetate by MicroTesla NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Gemeinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Miranda N. Limbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Thomas R. Gebhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Clark W. Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Shannon L. Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC USA
- School of Medicine Duke University Durham NC USA
| | | | | | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC USA
- James B. Duke Professor, Physics Chemistry, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering; Director Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
- Materials Technology Center Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
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14
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Gemeinhardt ME, Limbach MN, Gebhardt TR, Eriksson CW, Eriksson SL, Lindale JR, Goodson EA, Warren WS, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM. "Direct" 13 C Hyperpolarization of 13 C-Acetate by MicroTesla NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:418-423. [PMID: 31661580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate "direct" 13 C hyperpolarization of 13 C-acetate via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). The standard SABRE homogeneous catalyst [Ir-IMes; [IrCl(COD)(IMes)], (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), imidazole-2-ylidene; COD=cyclooctadiene)] was first activated in the presence of an auxiliary substrate (pyridine) in alcohol. Following addition of sodium 1-13 C-acetate, parahydrogen bubbling within a microtesla magnetic field (i.e. under conditions of SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei, SABRE-SHEATH) resulted in positive enhancements of up to ≈100-fold in the 13 C NMR signal compared to thermal equilibrium at 9.4 T. The present results are consistent with a mechanism of "direct" transfer of spin order from parahydrogen to 13 C spins of acetate weakly bound to the catalyst, under conditions of fast exchange with respect to the 13 C acetate resonance, but we find that relaxation dynamics at microtesla fields alter the optimal matching from the traditional SABRE-SHEATH picture. Further development of this approach could lead to new ways to rapidly, cheaply, and simply hyperpolarize a broad range of substrates (e.g. metabolites with carboxyl groups) for various applications, including biomedical NMR and MRI of cellular and in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Gemeinhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Miranda N Limbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Thomas R Gebhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Clark W Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shannon L Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Warren S Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,James B. Duke Professor, Physics, Chemistry, Radiology, and Biomedical Engineering; Director, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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15
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Geethanath S, Vaughan JT. Accessible magnetic resonance imaging: A review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 49:e65-e77. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sairam Geethanath
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research CenterColumbia University in the City of New York New York USA
| | - John Thomas Vaughan
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research CenterColumbia University in the City of New York New York USA
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16
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Chukanov NV, Kidd BE, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV. A versatile synthetic route to the preparation of 15 N heterocycles. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:892-902. [PMID: 30537260 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A robust medium-scale (approximately 3 g) synthetic method for 15 N labeling of pyridine (15 N-Py) is reported based on the Zincke reaction. 15 N enrichment in excess of 81% was achieved with approximately 33% yield. 15 N-Py serves as a standard substrate in a wide range of studies employing a hyperpolarization technique for efficient polarization transfer from parahydrogen to heteronuclei; this technique, called SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange), employs a simultaneous chemical exchange of parahydrogen and a to-be-hyperpolarized substrate (e.g., pyridine) on metal centers. In studies aimed at the development of hyperpolarized contrast agents for in vivo molecular imaging, pyridine is often employed either as a model substrate (for hyperpolarization technique development, quality assurance, and phantom imaging studies) or as a co-substrate to facilitate more efficient hyperpolarization of a wide range of emerging contrast agents (e.g., nicotinamide). Here, the produced 15 N-Py was used for the feasibility study of spontaneous 15 N hyperpolarization at high magnetic (HF) fields (7 T and 9.4 T) of an NMR spectrometer and an MRI scanner. SABRE hyperpolarization enabled acquisition of 2D MRI imaging of catalyst-bound 15 N-pyridine with 75 × 75 mm2 field of view (FOV), 32 × 32 matrix size, demonstrating the feasibility of 15 N HF-SABRE molecular imaging with 2.4 × 2.4 mm2 spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Bryce E Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Surface Science Laboratory, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Surface Science Laboratory, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Ibio, Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.,Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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17
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Korchak S, Emondts M, Mamone S, Blümich B, Glöggler S. Production of highly concentrated and hyperpolarized metabolites within seconds in high and low magnetic fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22849-22856. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We introduce two experiments that allow for the rapid production of hyperpolarized metabolites. More than 50% 13C polarization in 50 mM concentrations is achieved. This can be translated to portable low field NMR devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Korchak
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Straße 3A
- 37075 Göttingen
| | - Meike Emondts
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials
- D-52056 Aachen
- Germany
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH-Aachen University
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Straße 3A
- 37075 Göttingen
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie
- RWTH-Aachen University
- Worringerweg 2
- Germany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- NMR Signal Enhancement Group Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Straße 3A
- 37075 Göttingen
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18
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Salnikov OG, Shchepin RV, Chukanov NV, Jaigirdar L, Pham W, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Effects of Deuteration of 13C-Enriched Phospholactate on Efficiency of Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization by Magnetic Field Cycling. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:24740-24749. [PMID: 31447960 PMCID: PMC6707357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a large-scale (>10 g) synthesis of isotopically enriched 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate and 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate-d2 for application in hyperpolarized imaging technology. The 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate-d2 was synthesized with 57% overall yield (over two steps), and >98% 2H isotopic purity, representing an improvement over the previous report. The same outcome was achieved for 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate. These two unsaturated compounds with C=C bonds were employed for parahydrogen-induced polarization via pairwise parahydrogen addition in aqueous medium. We find that deuteration of 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate resulted in overall increase of 1H T1 of nascent hyperpolarized protons (4.30 ± 0.04 s versus 2.06 ± 0.01 s) and 1H polarization (~2.5% versus ~0.7%) of the resulting hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate. The nuclear spin polarization of nascent parahydrogen-derived protons was transferred to 1-13C nucleus via magnetic field cycling procedure. The proton T1 increase in hyperpolarized deuterated 1-13C-phospholactate yielded approximately 30% better 13C polarization compared to non-deuterated hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate. Analysis of T1 relaxation revealed that deuteration of 1-13C-phospholactate may have resulted in approximately 3-fold worse H→13C polarization transfer efficiency via magnetic field cycling. Since magnetic field cycling is a key polarization transfer step in the Side-Arm Hydrogenation approach, the presented findings may guide more rationale design of contrast agents using parahydrogen polarization of a broad range of 13C hyperpolarized contrast agents for molecular imaging employing 13C MRI. The hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate-d2 is of biomedical imaging relevance because it undergoes in vivo dephosphorylation and becomes 13C hyperpolarized lactate, which as we show can be detected in the brain using 13C hyperpolarized MRI; an implication for future imaging of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS)
- Department of Radiology
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Lamya Jaigirdar
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS)
- School of Engineering
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS)
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United
States
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS)
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United
States
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Author:
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19
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Jeong K, Min S, Chae H, Namgoong SK. Detecting low concentrations of unsaturated C-C bonds by parahydrogen-induced polarization using an efficient home-built parahydrogen generator. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:1089-1093. [PMID: 29856897 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen is a potentially significant source of hyperpolarization. However, a heat exchanger at an ultralow temperature, which is normally sustained wastefully using liquid nitrogen, is essential for the generation of hyperpolarized parahydrogen. In order to cut down on the use of liquid nitrogen, we employed a cryogenic storage dewar as the key component of our home-built parahydrogen generator, which lasted over 20 days with a single filling. Small concentrations of an unsaturated compound in a mixture were identified by hydrogenation in a principle-based experiment involving the use of hyperpolarization and phase difference. Less than 1 μl of styrene in 1 ml of chloroform was identified in a single scan with a 43 MHz benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer following hydrogenation with 50% parahydrogen. This method can potentially undergo a significant development through the use of high-field NMR techniques, higher parahydrogen concentrations, and increased scan times for data collection, among others. Because hydrogenation with parahydrogen induces a phase reversal during attachment to unsaturated CC bonds, it may be possible to detect many other unsaturated bonds in organic molecules. All in all, this study not only broadens the research on parahydrogen-based unsaturated-bond detection, but also facilitates the use of hyperpolarization by a broader range of researchers through the introduction of a long-lasting home-built parahydrogen generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, 01805, South Korea
| | - Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea
| | - Heelim Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea
| | - Sung Keon Namgoong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea
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20
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Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Shchepin RV, Svyatova A, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 19F Hyperpolarization of 15N-3- 19F-Pyridine Via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:23002-23010. [PMID: 31435456 PMCID: PMC6703844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of 15N-3-19F-pyridine via Zincke salt formation with the overall 35% yield and 84% 15N isotopic purity. Hyperpolarization studies of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) were performed to investigate the mechanism of polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus in milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla magnetic field regimes in 15N-3-19F-pyridine and 14N-3-19F-pyridine. We found the mismatch between 15N and 19F magnetic field hyperpolarization profiles in the micro-Tesla regime indicating that the spontaneous hyperpolarization process likely happens directly from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus without spin-relaying via 15N site. In case of SABRE magnetic field regime (milli-Tesla magnetic field range), we found that magnetic field profiles for 1H and 19F hyperpolarization are very similar, and 19F polarization levels are significantly lower than 1H SABRE polarization levels and lower than 19F SABRE-SHEATH (i.e. obtained at micro-Tesla magnetic field) polarization levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that in milli-Tesla magnetic field regime, the process of 19F nuclei hyperpolarization is relayed via protons of substrate, and therefore is very inefficient. These findings are important in the context of improvement of the hyperpolarization hardware and rational design of the hyperpolarized molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Author
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21
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Schmidt AB, Berner S, Braig M, Zimmermann M, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D, Hövener JB. In vivo 13C-MRI using SAMBADENA. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200141. [PMID: 30001327 PMCID: PMC6042716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful imaging tool but suffers from a low sensitivity that severely limits its use for detecting metabolism in vivo. Hyperpolarization (HP) methods have demonstrated MRI signal enhancement by several orders of magnitude, enabling the detection of metabolism with a sensitivity that was hitherto inaccessible. While it holds great promise, HP is typically relatively slow (hours), expensive (million $, €) and requires a dedicated device (“polarizer”). Recently, we introduced a new method that creates HP tracers without an external polarizer but within the MR-system itself based on parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP): Synthesis Amid the Magnet Bore Allows Dramatically Enhanced Nuclear Alignment (SAMBADENA). To date, this method is the simplest and least cost-intensive method for hyperpolarized 13C-MRI. HP of P13C > 20% was demonstrated for 5mM tracer solutions previously. Here, we present a setup and procedure that enabled the first in vivo application of SAMBADENA: Within seconds, a hyperpolarized angiography tracer was produced and injected into an adult mouse. Subsequently, fast 13C-MRI was acquired which exhibited the vena cava, aorta and femoral arteries of the rodent. This first SAMBADENA in vivo13C-angiography demonstrates the potential of the method as a fast, simple, low-cost alternative to produce HP-tracers to unlock the vast but hidden powers of MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Schmidt
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail: (ABS); (JBH)
| | - Stephan Berner
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consortium for Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Braig
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Zimmermann
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (ABS); (JBH)
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22
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Shchepin RV, Jaigirdar L, Chekmenev EY. Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Hyperpolarized Metronidazole in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Micro-Tesla Fields. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:4984-4996. [PMID: 29955244 PMCID: PMC6017983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous reversible chemical exchange of parahydrogen and to-be-hyperpolarized substrate on metal centers enables spontaneous transfer of spin order from parahydrogen singlet to nuclear spins of the substrate. When performed at sub-micro-Tesla magnetic field, this technique of NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH). SABRE-SHEATH has been shown to hyperpolarize nitrogen-15 sites of a wide range of biologically interesting molecules to a high polarization level (P > 20%) in one minute. Here, we report on a systematic study of 1H, 13C and 15N spin-lattice relaxation (T1) of metronidazole-13C2-15N2 in SABRE-SHEATH hyperpolarization process. In micro-Tesla range, we find that all 1H, 13C and 15N spins studied share approximately the same T1 values (ca. 4 s at the conditions studied) due to mixing of their Zeeman levels, which is consistent with the model of relayed SABRE-SHEATH effect. These T1 values are significantly lower than those at higher magnetic (i.e. the Earth's magnetic field and above), which exceed 3 minutes in some cases. Moreover, these relatively short T1 values observed below 1 micro-Tesla limit the polarization build-up process of SABRE-SHEATH- thereby, limiting maximum attainable 15N polarization. The relatively short nature of T1 values observed below 1 micro-Tesla is primarily caused by intermolecular interactions with quadrupolar iridium centers or dihydride protons of the employed polarization transfer catalyst, whereas intramolecular spin-spin interactions with 14N quadrupolar centers have significantly smaller contribution. The presented experimental results and their analysis will be beneficial for more rational design of SABRE-SHEATH (i) polarization transfer catalyst, and (ii) hyperpolarized molecular probes in the context of biomedical imaging and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
| | - Lamya Jaigirdar
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Vanderbilt University, School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310 United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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23
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Coffey AM, Shchepin RV, Feng B, Colon RD, Wilkens K, Waddell KW, Chekmenev EY. A pulse programmable parahydrogen polarizer using a tunable electromagnet and dual channel NMR spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 284:115-124. [PMID: 29028543 PMCID: PMC5708540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Applications of parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) often warrant conversion of the chemically-synthesized singlet-state spin order into net heteronuclear magnetization. In order to obtain optimal yields from the overall hyperpolarization process, catalytic hydrogenation must be tightly synchronized to subsequent radiofrequency (RF) transformations of spin order. Commercial NMR consoles are designed to synchronize applied waves on multiple channels and consequently are well-suited as controllers for these types of hyperpolarization experiments that require tight coordination of RF and non-RF events. Described here is a PHIP instrument interfaced to a portable NMR console operating with a static field electromagnet in the milliTesla regime. In addition to providing comprehensive control over chemistry and RF events, this setup condenses the PHIP protocol into a pulse-program that in turn can be readily shared in the manner of traditional pulse sequences. In this device, a TTL multiplexer was constructed to convert spectrometer TTL outputs into 24 VDC signals. These signals then activated solenoid valves to control chemical shuttling and reactivity in PHIP experiments. Consolidating these steps in a pulse-programming environment speeded calibration and improved quality assurance by enabling the B0/B1 fields to be tuned based on the direct acquisition of thermally polarized and hyperpolarized NMR signals. Performance was tested on the parahydrogen addition product of 2-hydroxyethyl propionate-1-13C-d3, where the 13C polarization was estimated to be P13C=20±2.5% corresponding to 13C signal enhancement approximately 25 million-fold at 9.1 mT or approximately 77,000-fold 13C enhancement at 3 T with respect to thermally induced polarization at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Bibo Feng
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Raul D Colon
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Ken Wilkens
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Kevin W Waddell
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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