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Wang N, Song X, Wang J, Wang L. Impacts of different fencing periods and grazing intensities on insect diversity in the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1021677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past several decades, both species biodiversity and productivity of desert steppe have been reduced due to excessive use and climate factors. To counteract this, Chinese government has supported large-scale grassland ecological restoration programs since the year 2000. The policy needs a standard for the evaluation of the effects of such restorative measures on the grasslands after decades. Grassland insect diversity plays an important role in the maintenance of plant species and functional diversity. To understand the relation of grazing management and insect diversity, we use a complete two factor design, two fencing periods (3 or 7 years) and three grazing intensities (0, 6, or 12 sheep per ha), to examine the response of the insect diversity to fencing and grazing in desert steppe. We found almost no significant differences in either plant or insect species diversity between the sites fenced for 3 and 7 years, as the pressure of grazing increased, insect diversity decreased to a greater extent at 7-year enclosure sites than at 3-year sites. We recommend the most suitable grazing intensity for the sustainability of biodiversity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia is light grazing (8 sheep/ha 0.5 yr−1), and the most suitable fencing period is three years, which suggest that policies that remove livestock from the desert grassland for long periods (7 + years) are not beneficial for maintaining insect diversity, and heavy grazing lead ecological environment weaker and insect diversity decreasing. Thus, periodic livestock grazing is important in the design of management actions to preserve biodiversity.
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Anso J, Gasc A, Bourguet E, Desutter‐Grandcolas L, Jourdan H. Crickets as indicators of ecological succession in tropical systems, New Caledonia. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anso
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
- CNRS, UMPC, EPHE, UA, Institut de Systématique, Evolution Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Amandine Gasc
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
| | - Edouard Bourguet
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
| | - Laure Desutter‐Grandcolas
- CNRS, UMPC, EPHE, UA, Institut de Systématique, Evolution Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Hervé Jourdan
- CNRS, IRD, IMBE, BPA5 Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ Nouméa Cedex New Caledonia
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Atkinson J, Brudvig LA, Mallen-Cooper M, Nakagawa S, Moles AT, Bonser SP. Terrestrial ecosystem restoration increases biodiversity and reduces its variability, but not to reference levels: A global meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1725-1737. [PMID: 35559594 PMCID: PMC9320827 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ecological restoration projects often have variable and unpredictable outcomes, and these can limit the overall impact on biodiversity. Previous syntheses have investigated restoration effectiveness by comparing average restored conditions to average conditions in unrestored or reference systems. Here, we provide the first quantification of the extent to which restoration affects both the mean and variability of biodiversity outcomes, through a global meta-analysis of 83 terrestrial restoration studies. We found that, relative to unrestored (degraded) sites, restoration actions increased biodiversity by an average of 20%, while decreasing the variability of biodiversity (quantified by the coefficient of variation) by an average of 14%. As restorations aged, mean biodiversity increased and variability decreased relative to unrestored sites. However, restoration sites remained, on average, 13% below the biodiversity of reference (target) ecosystems, and were characterised by higher (20%) variability. The lower mean and higher variability in biodiversity at restored sites relative to reference sites remained consistent over time, suggesting that sources of variation (e.g. prior land use, restoration practices) have an enduring influence on restoration outcomes. Our results point to the need for new research confronting the causes of variability in restoration outcomes, and close variability and biodiversity gaps between restored and reference conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Atkinson
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lars A Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Max Mallen-Cooper
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen P Bonser
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Dumont B, Rossignol N, Huguenin-Elie O, Jeanneret P, Jerrentrup JS, Lüscher G, Taugourdeau S, Villerd J, Plantureux S. Simple Assessment of Temperate Grassland Suitability as Habitat for Three Insect Taxa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.881410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a set of indicators to evaluate how grazing by livestock and grassland management can help preserve biodiversity in the insect communities of grassland ecosystems. These indicators can be calculated for any grassland for which management and botanical composition are known, and they do not require advanced knowledge on conservation biology and entomology. Based on the scientific literature and expert interviews, each indicator combines pressure (i.e., 16 management classes) and state variables (i.e., sward botanical composition and several of the plant functional characteristics) to assess the effects on butterfly, bumblebee, and grasshopper abundance and species richness. Each indicator was based on a multicriteria decision tree with fuzzy partitioning to account for uncertainty in the threshold values between different alternatives. The output validation of indicators was performed by comparing decision tree output with standardized measurements from 10 surveys across France, Germany, Switzerland, Wales, and Italy. The prediction of grassland suitability for butterflies was more accurate for butterfly species richness (P < 0.05) than for butterfly abundance (P = 0.10), as even under standardized transect counts, recorders will observe disproportionately more individuals when it is sunny and warm. The sensitivity of the butterfly species richness indicator was then tested using an independent dataset of 395 French grasslands. There were significant differences in predicted species richness (χ215 = 121.16; P < 0.05) among the 16 management classes, and they were ranked consistently in spite of very parsimonious assumptions in the decision tree. The prediction of grassland suitability was good for bumblebee abundance (P < 0.05) and species richness (P < 0.01). This prediction was also successful for grasshopper abundance (P < 0.05) and species richness (P = 0.05), all outliers coming from a highly diverse grassland community located on shallow soil in the Italian survey. This set of indicators can thus provide a cost-effective evaluation of temperate grassland suitability as habitat for three insect taxa. These indicators have more relevance than general insect species richness, and their application does not require any entomological skill. The indicators can help stakeholders to make adequate decisions for insect conservation in grassland ecosystems, but do not have direct applicability to higher conservation value taxa or species.
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Buisson E, De Almeida T, Durbecq A, Arruda AJ, Vidaller C, Alignan J, Toma TSP, Hess MCM, Pavon D, Isselin‐Nondedeu F, Jaunatre R, Moinardeau C, Young TP, Mesléard F, Dutoit T, Blight O, Bischoff A. Key issues in Northwestern Mediterranean dry grassland restoration. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Tania De Almeida
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Le Sambuc Arles 13200 France
| | - Aure Durbecq
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Engineering consulting ECO‐MED Marseille France
| | - André J. Arruda
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Christel Vidaller
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Jean‐François Alignan
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Tiago S. P. Toma
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Manon C. M. Hess
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Le Sambuc Arles 13200 France
- NGE‐GUINTOLI, Saint‐Etienne du Grès, Parc d'activités de Laurade – BP22 13156 Tarascon France
| | - Daniel Pavon
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Francis Isselin‐Nondedeu
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Département d'Aménagement et d'Environnement Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Tours, UMR 7324 –CNRS CITERES, 33‐35 allée Ferdinand de Lesseps Tours 37200 France
| | - Renaud Jaunatre
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM 2 rue de la Papeterie‐BP 76 St‐Martin‐d'Hères 38402 France
| | - Cannelle Moinardeau
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Truman P. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - François Mesléard
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Le Sambuc Arles 13200 France
| | - Thierry Dutoit
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Olivier Blight
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Armin Bischoff
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
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