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Moubset O, Filloux D, Fontes H, Julian C, Fernandez E, Galzi S, Blondin L, Chehida SB, Lett JM, Mesléard F, Kraberger S, Custer JM, Salywon A, Makings E, Marais A, Chiroleu F, Lefeuvre P, Martin DP, Candresse T, Varsani A, Ravigné V, Roumagnac P. Virome release of an invasive exotic plant species in southern France. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae025. [PMID: 38566975 PMCID: PMC10986800 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in human-mediated introduction of plant species to new regions has resulted in a rise of invasive exotic plant species (IEPS) that has had significant effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. One commonly accepted mechanism of invasions is that proposed by the enemy release hypothesis (ERH), which states that IEPS free from their native herbivores and natural enemies in new environments can outcompete indigenous species and become invasive. We here propose the virome release hypothesis (VRH) as a virus-centered variant of the conventional ERH that is only focused on enemies. The VRH predicts that vertically transmitted plant-associated viruses (PAV, encompassing phytoviruses and mycoviruses) should be co-introduced during the dissemination of the IEPS, while horizontally transmitted PAV of IEPS should be left behind or should not be locally transmitted in the introduced area due to a maladaptation of local vectors. To document the VRH, virome richness and composition as well as PAV prevalence, co-infection, host range, and transmission modes were compared between indigenous plant species and an invasive grass, cane bluestem (Bothriochloa barbinodis), in both its introduced range (southern France) and one area of its native range (Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA). Contrary to the VRH, we show that invasive populations of B. barbinodis in France were not associated with a lower PAV prevalence or richness than native populations of B. barbinodis from the USA. However, comparison of virome compositions and network analyses further revealed more diverse and complex plant-virus interactions in the French ecosystem, with a significant richness of mycoviruses. Setting mycoviruses apart, only one putatively vertically transmitted phytovirus (belonging to the Amalgaviridae family) and one putatively horizontally transmitted phytovirus (belonging to the Geminiviridae family) were identified from B. barbinodis plants in the introduced area. Collectively, these characteristics of the B. barbinodis-associated PAV community in southern France suggest that a virome release phase may have immediately followed the introduction of B. barbinodis to France in the 1960s or 1970s, and that, since then, the invasive populations of this IEPS have already transitioned out of this virome release phase, and have started interacting with several local mycoviruses and a few local plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Moubset
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Denis Filloux
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Hugo Fontes
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Le Sambuc, Arles 13200, France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d’Avignon, Avignon 84911, France
| | - Charlotte Julian
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Emmanuel Fernandez
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Serge Galzi
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Laurence Blondin
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
| | | | | | - François Mesléard
- Tour du Valat, Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes, Le Sambuc, Arles 13200, France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d’Avignon, Avignon 84911, France
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Andrew Salywon
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - Elizabeth Makings
- Vascular Plant Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 734 West Alameda Drive, Tempe Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Armelle Marais
- UMR BFP, University Bordeaux, INRAE, Villenave d’Ornon 33140, France
| | | | | | - Darren P Martin
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Thierry Candresse
- UMR BFP, University Bordeaux, INRAE, Villenave d’Ornon 33140, France
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Virginie Ravigné
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
| | - Philippe Roumagnac
- UMR PHIM, CIRAD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Baillarguet TA A-54/K, Montpellier 34090, France
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Moinardeau C, Mesléard F, Ramone H, Dutoit T. Grazing in temporary paddocks with hardy breed horses (Konik polski) improved species-rich grasslands restoration in artificial embankments of the Rhône river (Southern France). Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Buisson E, De Almeida T, Durbecq A, Arruda AJ, Vidaller C, Alignan J, Toma TSP, Hess MCM, Pavon D, Isselin‐Nondedeu F, Jaunatre R, Moinardeau C, Young TP, Mesléard F, Dutoit T, Blight O, Bischoff A. Key issues in Northwestern Mediterranean dry grassland restoration. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Tania De Almeida
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Le Sambuc Arles 13200 France
| | - Aure Durbecq
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Engineering consulting ECO‐MED Marseille France
| | - André J. Arruda
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Christel Vidaller
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Jean‐François Alignan
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Tiago S. P. Toma
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Manon C. M. Hess
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Le Sambuc Arles 13200 France
- NGE‐GUINTOLI, Saint‐Etienne du Grès, Parc d'activités de Laurade – BP22 13156 Tarascon France
| | - Daniel Pavon
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Francis Isselin‐Nondedeu
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Département d'Aménagement et d'Environnement Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Tours, UMR 7324 –CNRS CITERES, 33‐35 allée Ferdinand de Lesseps Tours 37200 France
| | - Renaud Jaunatre
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM 2 rue de la Papeterie‐BP 76 St‐Martin‐d'Hères 38402 France
| | - Cannelle Moinardeau
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Truman P. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - François Mesléard
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Le Sambuc Arles 13200 France
| | - Thierry Dutoit
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Olivier Blight
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Armin Bischoff
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, IUT site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
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De Almeida T, Mesléard F, Santonja M, Gros R, Dutoit T, Blight O. Above- and below-ground effects of an ecosystem engineer ant in Mediterranean dry grasslands. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201840. [PMID: 32962550 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a local assemblage, ecosystem engineers can have major impacts on population dynamics, community composition and ecosystem functions by transforming or creating new habitats. They act as an ecological filter altering community composition through a set of environmental variables. The impact of ants on their environment has been widely studied, but their multi-component effects (both trophic and non-trophic) have been rarely addressed. We investigated the roles of Messor barbarus, one of the commonest harvester ant species in south-western European Mediterranean grasslands. We analysed soil physico-chemical parameters, above-ground vegetation (e.g. species richness, plant community, micro-local heterogeneity, plant biomass) and above- and below-ground fauna (macrofauna, Collembola, Acari and nematodes). A clear and strong local impact of M. barbarus on soil, vegetation and fauna compartments emerges. The environmental filter is altered by modifications to soil physico-chemical properties, and the biotic filter by changes to plant communities and altered above- and below-ground fauna abundance, occurrence and community structure. The engineering activity of M. barbarus affects not only these separate ecosystem components but also the trophic and non-trophic relationships between them. By altering ecological filters at a local scale, M. barbarus creates habitat heterogeneity that may in turn increase ecological niches in these highly diverse ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T De Almeida
- Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon, France.,Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | - F Mesléard
- Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon, France.,Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | - M Santonja
- Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon, France
| | - R Gros
- Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon, France
| | - T Dutoit
- Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon, France
| | - O Blight
- Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon, France
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Moinardeau C, Mesléard F, Ramone H, Dutoit T. Extensive horse grazing improves grassland vegetation diversity, seed bank and forage quality of artificial embankments (Rhône River - southern France). J Nat Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C. M. Hess
- NGE‐GUINTOLISaint‐Etienne-du-Grès Tarascon Cedex France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) Avignon UniversitéUMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille UniversitéIUT Site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Arles France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) Avignon UniversitéUMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille UniversitéIUT Site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
| | - Renaud Jaunatre
- Université Grenoble AlpesIrsteaEMGR St‐Martin‐d'Hères France
| | - François Mesléard
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE) Avignon UniversitéUMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille UniversitéIUT Site Agroparc Avignon Cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat Arles France
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Hess MCM, De Wilde M, Yavercovski N, Willm L, Mesléard F, Buisson E. Microwave soil heating reduces seedling emergence of a wide range of species including invasives. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon C. M. Hess
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, IUT site Agroparc BP 61207; 84911 Avignon cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc; 13200 Arles France
| | - Mélissa De Wilde
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, IUT site Agroparc BP 61207; 84911 Avignon cedex 09 France
| | - Nicole Yavercovski
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc; 13200 Arles France
| | - Loic Willm
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc; 13200 Arles France
| | - François Mesléard
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, IUT site Agroparc BP 61207; 84911 Avignon cedex 09 France
- Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc; 13200 Arles France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE); Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR CNRS IRD Aix Marseille Université, IUT site Agroparc BP 61207; 84911 Avignon cedex 09 France
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Mesléard F, Yavercovski N, Lefebvre G, Willm L, Bonis A. High Stocking Density Controls Phillyrea Angustifolia in Mediterranean Grasslands. Environ Manage 2017; 59:455-463. [PMID: 28078388 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive grazing applied in the form of low instantaneous pressure over a long period is a widespread management practice in protected areas. However this kind of stocking method does not always achieve the expected results, in particular because it fails to limit colonization by woody plants.This is the case in the relict xero-halophytic grasslands of the northern Mediterranean coastal region, subjected to widespread colonization by the shrub Phillyrea angustifolia despite the presence of extensive grazing. In this study, we investigated, for an equal annual stocking rate, the respective impact of high stocking density applied over a short period (mob grazing) and low stocking density applied over a long period on both P. angustifolia and herbaceous cover, using an in situ experimental design run for 7 years. Only mob grazing was effective both in controlling the establishment and increasing the mortality of P. angustifolia individuals. We did not find any difference after the 7 years of experimentation between the two stocking methods with regard to the herbaceous community parameters tested: species richness, diversity, evenness, contribution of annual characteristic species. By contrast, the exclusion of domestic grazing led to a strong reduction of these values.The use of mob grazing may be well suited for meeting conservation goals such as maintaining open habitats in these grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mesléard
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13200, France.
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie (IMBE), UMR CNRS IRD, Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, 337 chemin des Meinajariés, Site AGROPARC BP 61207, Avignon cedex 09, F-84911, France.
| | - Nicole Yavercovski
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13200, France
| | - Gaétan Lefebvre
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13200, France
| | - Loic Willm
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, Arles, 13200, France
| | - Anne Bonis
- CNRS, UMR6553 Ecosystèmes Biodiversité Evolution, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35042, France
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Moinardeau C, Mesléard F, Dutoit T. Using Different Grazing Practices for Increasing Plant Biodiversity in the Dykes and Embankments Along the Rhône River (Southern France). Environ Manage 2016; 58:984-997. [PMID: 27688256 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive grazing by domestic herbivores is a widespread management practice used since the 80s in many European agro-ecosystems such as semi-natural grasslands to maintain open habitats and to enhance biodiversity. Such grazing systems have principally been tested in cultural ecosystems of high nature value threatened by grazing abandonment. However, there have been few case studies of grazing management in very anthropized ecosystems, such as the new ecosystems created by urban or industrial conversions. In Southern France, the Rhône channeling for navigation and electricity production generated in the 1950s the construction of thousands of hectares of dams and dykes which were colonized naturally by diverse plant communities. Yet shrub encroachment and the consequent recourse to mechanical cutting to facilitate control and maintenance, raise the question of how best to maintain and manage these new habitats. Consequently, since 1999, different low-intensity grazing management systems using rustic breeds of cattle, horses and goats have been tested on a protected reserve of 1454 ha located in the lower part of the Rhône river. Extensive grazing, more than cutting or no management, positively modified vegetation heterogeneity (beta-diversity), the target open grassland species, but not plant species richness (alpha-diversity). However, the current monitoring shows that these benefits of grazing will be confirmed only if low-intensity grazing systems are sustained and if new adaptations can be also made, such as the use of mixed stocking and the establishment of multiyear contracts with breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cannelle Moinardeau
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, 337 chemin des Meinajariés, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon Cedex 09, France
| | - François Mesléard
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, 337 chemin des Meinajariés, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon Cedex 09, France
- Institut de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France
| | - Thierry Dutoit
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR CNRS-IRD, Avignon Université, Aix-Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, 337 chemin des Meinajariés, Site Agroparc BP 61207, 84911, Avignon Cedex 09, France.
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Mesléard F, Gauthier-Clerc M, Lambret P. Impact of the insecticide Alphacypermetrine and herbicide Oxadiazon, used singly or in combination, on the most abundant frog in French rice fields, Pelophylax perezi. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 176:24-29. [PMID: 27107241 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of agricultural pesticides is a major concern with regard to biodiversity conservation. Pesticides are considered as one of the main causes of the worldwide decline of Amphibians. They are rarely used singly, but their cumulative impact and interaction are often neglected, as is the importance of the age or stage of the animal on which the impact of the molecules is assessed. We therefore tested the potential cumulative impact of the only authorized insecticide (Alphacypermetrine) and the main herbicide (Oxadiazon) used in French rice fields on four replicates of 25 eggs, young larvae and prometamorphosis tadpoles of the most abundant frog in paddies (Pelophylax perezi). We found no significant effect of the insecticide and herbicide, used singly or in combination, on hatching and young tadpoles. However, we found a strong impact of insecticide and herbicide used singly and a highly deleterious impact of their combined use on prometamorphosis tadpoles. Among the four replicates, only one of the prometamorphosis tadpoles did not reach this adult stage in the control against 9, 9, 6, 4 and 13, 9, 8, 7 with the herbicide and insecticide, respectively. But when the two pesticides were used in combination, only two prometamorphosis tapdoles reached the adult stage. Our results emphasize the potential impact on amphibians of pesticides used in agriculture and highlight the necessity of testing their role as cocktails. They also stress the importance of the age and/or stage of the target organism, the choice of which can lead to contrasting conclusions. Finally, our results suggest a possible underestimation of the impact of pesticides on non-targeted fauna in the rice fields in particular, and on living organisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mesléard
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie (IMBE), UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237 Avignon Université, Aix Marseille Université, IUT d'Avignon, 337 chemin des Meinajaries Site Agroparc BP 61207, F-84911 Avignon cedex 09, France.
| | - Michel Gauthier-Clerc
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France; Département Chrono-Environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Lambret
- Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, F-13200 Arles, France
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Mesléard F, Mauchamp A, Pineau O, Dutoit T. Rabbits are more effective than cattle for limiting shrub colonization in Mediterranean xero-halophytic meadows. Écoscience 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/18-1-3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Masson S, Mesléard F, Dutoit T. Using Shrub Clearing, Draining, and Herbivory to Control Bramble Invasion in Mediterranean Dry Grasslands. Environ Manage 2015; 56:933-945. [PMID: 26013075 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, the dry grassland of the plain of La Crau (south-eastern France) has been subjected to numerous disturbances resulting in the destruction and the fragmentation of this emblematic rangeland ecosystem of the Mediterranean. Today, this ecosystem is facing a new threat from a proliferating native species, the bramble (Rubus ulmifolius Schott), which preferentially colonizes areas that were formerly cultivated and/or exposed to water infiltration. To identify a strategy for effective control of this colonization, in situ experiments testing disturbance regimes (shrub clearing and/or mixed grazing by sheep and goats) combined with the control of access to water resources (with or without drainage trenches) were undertaken between 2010 and 2013. Only clearing and grazing combined over 3 years led to significant changes in vegetation height and bramble cover as well as modifications in the floristic composition, diversity, similarity, and richness of the plant community. Neither a clearing operation carried out in 2010 alone, nor grazing alone, reduced bramble cover, and neither treatment increased the species richness of the plant community. Similarly, digging drainage trenches had no significant impact either on the plant community or on bramble cover. Our study suggests that only annual mechanical clearing coupled with sheep and goats grazing can significantly reduce bramble cover. This combined restoration treatment needs to be applied for at least 3 consecutive years to induce significant changes and enable this ecosystem to return to the dry grassland succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Masson
- Institut Mediterranéen de la Biodiversité et de l'Ecologie - UMR CNRS IRD, Univeristé d'Avignon, IUT, Site Agroparc, BP 1207, 84911, Avignon Cedex 9, France,
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Merlin A, Bonis A, Damgaard CF, Mesléard F. Competition Is a Strong Driving Factor in Wetlands, Peaking during Drying Out Periods. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130152. [PMID: 26075597 PMCID: PMC4468187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the relative importance of plant-plant interactions with regard to flooding and drought effect on perennial plant performances in wetlands. Flooding is expected to be the major driver and, accordingly, the importance of drought is hardly if ever taken into account. Focusing on five widespread species, the growth, the survival and the competitive ability of plants were monitored on permanent plots spread along two elevation gradients. Flooding duration and drought intensity were found to vary substantially along the ~ 0.5 meter range elevation gradient. Flooding and drought alternate over the hydrological year and the pin-point surveys were thus conducted over the course of one year. The data were modeled taking into account survival, recruitment and competitive growth throughout flooding and drying out periods. Flooding and drought both directly impacted the plant performances and their competitive effect, with the effect of drought being much more general among species and of higher magnitude than flooding. The importance of competition was found to be high for all species, particularly during the drying out period. It varied more along the flooding gradient than along the drought gradient. The higher flooding tolerance shown by the studied species compared to drought may be related to species specific growth timing together with efficient response traits. These results offer new insights into the filters operating over the species pools. This suggests that the drying out period and drought conditions may be even more important for species' relative success and the importance of competition than the flooding pattern. The general applicability of this result, obtained in mild Atlantic climate and fertile wetlands, remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Merlin
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO: Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Evolution, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, OSUR, Rennes, France
- Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France
| | - Anne Bonis
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO: Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Evolution, CNRS-University of Rennes 1, OSUR, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian F. Damgaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience—Plant and Insect Ecology, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - François Mesléard
- Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie (IMBE), IUT Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR CNRS 7263 IRD 237 Aix Marseille Université, France
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Gardarin A, Garnier É, Carrère P, Cruz P, Andueza D, Bonis A, Colace MP, Dumont B, Duru M, Farruggia A, Gaucherand S, Grigulis K, Kernéïs É, Lavorel S, Louault F, Loucougaray G, Mesléard F, Yavercovski N, Kazakou E. Plant trait-digestibility relationships across management and climate gradients in permanent grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gardarin
- Montpellier SupAgro; Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR5175); 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Éric Garnier
- CNRS; Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR5175); 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Pascal Carrère
- INRA; UR874 Écosystème Prairial; 5 chemin de Beaulieu 63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 2 France
| | - Pablo Cruz
- INRA; UMR1248 AGIR; Agroécologie, Innovation et Territoire; 31320 Castanet-Tolosan France
- Université Toulouse; INPT, UMR; AGIR, 31029 Toulouse France
| | - Donato Andueza
- INRA; UMR1213 Herbivores; 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Anne Bonis
- CNRS; UMR6553 Écosystèmes Biodiversité Évolution; Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | | | - Bertrand Dumont
- INRA; UMR1213 Herbivores; 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Michel Duru
- INRA; UMR1248 AGIR; Agroécologie, Innovation et Territoire; 31320 Castanet-Tolosan France
- Université Toulouse; INPT, UMR; AGIR, 31029 Toulouse France
| | - Anne Farruggia
- INRA; UMR1213 Herbivores; 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle France
| | - Stéphanie Gaucherand
- Irstea; Écosystèmes Montagnards; 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères France
| | - Karl Grigulis
- CNRS; UMS3370 Station Alpine Joseph Fourier; BP 53 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Éric Kernéïs
- INRA; UE0057 DSLP; Domaine du bois Maché; 17450 Saint-Laurent-de-la-Prée France
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- CNRS; UMR5553 Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine; BP 53 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Frédérique Louault
- INRA; UR874 Écosystème Prairial; 5 chemin de Beaulieu 63039 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 2 France
| | - Grégory Loucougaray
- Irstea; Écosystèmes Montagnards; 2 rue de la Papeterie, BP 76 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères France
| | - François Mesléard
- Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat; Le Sambuc 13200 Arles France
- Université d' Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse; Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie; BP1207 84914 Avignon France
| | | | - Elena Kazakou
- Montpellier SupAgro; Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR5175); 1919 route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
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Damgaard C, Merlin A, Mesléard F, Bonis A. The demography of space occupancy: measuring plant colonization and survival probabilities using repeated pin-point measurements. Methods Ecol Evol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gourau C, Giroux JF, Mesléard F, Gutjahr S, Desnouhes L. Pas de mycorhize sur le Scirpe maritime (Schoenoplectus maritimus) en Camargue. revec 2008. [DOI: 10.3406/revec.2008.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mesléard F, Garnero S, Beck N, Rosecchi E. Uselessness and indirect negative effects of an insecticide on rice field invertebrates. C R Biol 2005; 328:955-62. [PMID: 16286085 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macro-invertebrate assemblages on organic and conventional rice fields were quantitatively compared in the Camargue (Rhone delta, France). There was no major difference in family richness, but significant differences as regard to abundance. Fipronil, the insecticide used to control chironomid larvae, was one of the main factors explaining those differences. Its negative impact on predatory invertebrates appears to explain the paradoxical lack of difference in chironomid abundance between organic and conventional fields, observed during the study. Macro-invertebrate biomass estimation showed that, for some birds such as herons, conventional rice fields offered a lower value as foraging habitats than organic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mesléard
- Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France.
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Tourenq C, Aulagnier S, Durieux L, Lek S, Mesléard F, Johnson A, Martin JL. Identifying rice fields at risk from damage by the greater flamingo. J Appl Ecol 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Charpentier A, Mesléard F, Thompson JD, Mesleard F. The Effects of Rhizome Severing on the Clonal Growth and Clonal Architecture of Scirpus maritimus. OIKOS 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/3546551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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