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Demir O, Demirag G, Cakmak F, Bayraktar DI, Tokmak L. Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes and platelets (HALP) score as a predictor of survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). BMC Neurol 2024; 24:260. [PMID: 39061000 PMCID: PMC11282806 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate whether the HALP score was a predictor of survival in patients with Glioblastoma (GBM). METHODS A total of 84 Glioblastoma (GBM) patients followed in our clinic were included in the study. HALP scores were calculated using the preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet results of the patients. For the HALP score, a cut-off value was found by examining the area below the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Patients were divided into two groups as low and high according to this cut-off value. The relationships among the clinical, dermographic and laboratory parameters of the patients were examined using these two groups. RESULTS Median OS, PFS, HALP score, NLR, PLR were 15 months (1.0-78.0), 8 months (1.0-66.0), 37.39 ± 23.84 (min 6.00-max 132.31), 4.14, 145.07 respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between HALP score and OS, PFS, NLR, PLR, ECOG-PS status using Spearman's rho test (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.026 respectively). For the HALP score, a cut-off value of = 37.39 (AUC = 0.698, 95% CI, p < 0.002) was found using ROC analysis. Median OS was 12 (6.99-17.01) months in the low HALP group and 21 (11.37-30.63) months in the high HALP group (p = 0.117). NLR and PLR were significantly lower in the HALP high group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively). The ratio of receiving treatment was significantly higher in the high HALP group (p < 0.05). In Multivariate analysis, significant results were found for treatment status and ECOG-PS status (p < 0.001, p = 0.038 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The HALP score measured at the beginning of treatment seems to have predictive importance in the prognosis of GBM patients. A HALP score of > 37.39 was associated with prolonged survival in high-grade brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Guzin Demirag
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Furkan Cakmak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Demet Işık Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Leman Tokmak
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Derby S, Jackson MR, Williams K, Stobo J, Kelly C, Sweeting L, Shad S, Herbert C, Short SC, Williamson A, James A, Nowicki S, Bulbeck H, Chalmers AJ. Concurrent Olaparib and Radiation Therapy in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: The Phase 1 Dose-Escalation PARADIGM Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1371-1378. [PMID: 38211641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with glioblastoma who are older or have poor performance status (PS) experience particularly poor clinical outcomes. At the time of study initiation, these patients were treated with short-course radiation therapy (40 Gy in 15 fractions). Olaparib is an oral inhibitor of the DNA repair enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) that is well tolerated as a single agent but exacerbates acute radiation toxicity in extracranial sites. Preclinical data predicted that PARP inhibitors would enhance radiosensitivity in glioblastoma without exacerbating adverse effects on the normal brain. METHODS AND MATERIALS Phase 1 of the PARADIGM trial was a 3+3 dose-escalation study testing olaparib in combination with radiation therapy (40 Gy 15 fractions) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma who were unsuitable for radical treatment either because they were aged 70 years or older (World Health Organization PS 0-1) or aged 18 to 69 years with PS 2. The primary outcome was the recommended phase 2 dose of olaparib. Secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Effects on cognitive function were assessed via the Mini Mental State Examination. RESULTS Of 16 eligible patients (56.25% male; median age, 71.5 years [range, 44-78]; 75% PS 0-1), 1 dose-limiting toxicity was reported (grade 3 agitation). Maximum tolerated dose was not reached and the recommended phase 2 dose was determined as 200 mg twice daily. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 10.8 months (80% CI, 7.3-11.4) and 5.5 months (80% CI, 3.9-5.9), respectively. Mini Mental State Examination plots indicated that cognitive function was not adversely affected by the olaparib-radiation therapy combination. CONCLUSIONS Olaparib can be safely combined with hypofractionated brain radiation therapy and is well tolerated in patients unsuitable for radical chemoradiation. These results enabled initiation of a randomized phase 2 study and support future trials of PARP inhibitors in combination with radiation therapy for patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Derby
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Jackson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Williams
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Stobo
- CRUK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Kelly
- CRUK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Sweeting
- CRUK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shumaila Shad
- CRUK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Herbert
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Susan C Short
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allan James
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Nowicki
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony J Chalmers
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Chen Y, Pan Y, Gao H, Yi Y, Qin S, Ma F, Zhou X, Guan M. Mechanistic insights into super-enhancer-driven genes as prognostic signatures in patients with glioblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12315-12332. [PMID: 37432454 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and is characterized by high aggressiveness and rapid progression, poor treatment, high recurrence rate, and poor prognosis. Although super-enhancer (SE)-driven genes haven been recognized as prognostic markers for several cancers, whether it can be served as effective prognostic markers for patients with GBM has not been evaluated. METHODS We first combined histone modification data with transcriptome data to identify SE-driven genes associated with prognosis in patients with GBM. Second, we developed a SE-driven differentially expressed genes (SEDEGs) risk score prognostic model by univariate Cox analysis, KM survival analysis, multivariate Cox analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Its reliability in predicting was verified by two external data sets. Third, through mutation analysis, immune infiltration, we explored the molecular mechanisms of prognostic genes. Next, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and the Connectivity Map (cMap) database were employed to assess different sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents and small-molecule drug candidates between high- and low-risk patients. Finally, SEanalysis database was chosen to identify SE-driven transcription factors (TFs) regulating prognostic markers which will reveal a potential SE-driven transcriptional regulatory network. RESULTS First, we developed a 11-gene risk score prognostic model (NCF2, MTHFS, DUSP6, G6PC3, HOXB2, EN2, DLEU1, LBH, ZEB1-AS1, LINC01265, and AGAP2-AS1) selected from 1,154 SEDEGs, which is not only an independent prognostic factor for patients, but also can effectively predict the survival rate of patients. The model can effectively predict 1-, 2- and 3-year survival of patients and was validated in external Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Second, the risk score was positively correlated with the infiltration of regulatory T cell, CD4 memory activated T cell, activated NK cell, neutrophil, resting mast cell, M0 macrophage, and memory B cell. Third, we found that high-risk patients showed higher sensitivity than low-risk patients to both 27 chemotherapeutic agents and 4 small-molecule drug candidates which might benefit further precision therapy for GBM patients. Finally, 13 potential SE-driven TFs imply how SE regulates GBM patient's prognosis. CONCLUSION The SEDEG risk model not only helps to elucidate the impact of SEs on the course of GBM, but also provides a bright future for prognosis determination and choice of treatment for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyu Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunmeng Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijie Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Taizhou College, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Miao Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Ullah S, Qureshi AZ, Rathore FA, Sami W, Moukais IS, Alibrahim FS, Asiri IA, Alsuhaibani A. Functional Outcomes of Patients with Primary Brain Tumors Undergoing Inpatient Rehabilitation at a Tertiary Care Rehabilitation Facility in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4679. [PMID: 36981589 PMCID: PMC10049031 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation services play a crucial role in improving the functionality and quality of life of individuals with a brain tumor; however, outcomes of inpatient rehabilitation based on tumor characteristics are not well known in the literature. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of tumor characteristics on functional outcomes. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all adults with a diagnosis of primary brain tumor admitted for IPR between January 2014 and December 2019. Information was collected regarding demographics, characteristics of primary brain tumors, length of stay (LOS) and Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) scores. There were 46 patients, with the majority being male. The most common brain tumors were glioblastoma multiforme and meningioma. The mean LOS was 47.93 ± 26.40 days and the mean FIM gain was 78 ± 14. The type, grade and location of primary brain tumors did not show a significant correlation with the length of stay and functional gains during inpatient rehabilitation. There was a positive correlation between the FIM at admission and discharge, and a significant inverse correlation between the FIM score at admission and LOS. In-patient rehabilitation improved the functional outcomes in adult patients with primary brain tumors. Strategies to incorporate IPR in the care continuum of patients with brain tumors need to be adapted to improve regional services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qatar Rehabilitation Institute, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Zaheer Qureshi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Azam Rathore
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi 75530, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Sami
- College of Nursing, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Imad Saeed Moukais
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Saif Alibrahim
- Department of Orthopedics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Ali Asiri
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
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Jovanović N, Lazarević M, Cvetković VJ, Nikolov V, Kostić Perić J, Ugrin M, Pavlović S, Mitrović T. The Significance of MGMT Promoter Methylation Status in Diffuse Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113034. [PMID: 36361838 PMCID: PMC9654114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-institution observational study with 43 newly diagnosed diffuse gliomas defined the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) gene mutation status and evaluated the prognostic relevance of the methylation status of the epigenetic marker O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Younger patients (<50 years) with surgically resected glioma and temozolomide (TMZ) adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with better prognosis, consistent with other studies. The methylation status depends on the chosen method and the cut-off value determination. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) established the methylation status for 36 glioma patients (19 (52.8%) positively methylated and 17 (47.2%) unmethylated) without relevancy for the overall survival (OS) (p = 0.33). On the other side, real-time methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) revealed 23 tumor samples (54%) that were positively methylated without association with OS (p = 0.15). A combined MSP analysis, which included the homogenous cohort of 24 patients (>50 years with surgical resection and IDH1/2-wildtype diffuse glioma), distinguished 10 (41.6%) methylated samples from 14 (58.4%) unmethylated samples. Finally, significant correlation between OS and methylation status was noticed (p ≈ 0.05). The OS of the hypermethylated group was 9.6 ± 1.77 months, whereas the OS of the unmethylated group was 5.43 ± 1.04 months. Our study recognized the MGMT promoter methylation status as a positive prognostic factor within the described homogenous cohort, although further verification in a larger population of diffuse gliomas is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Jovanović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Lazarević
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vladimir J Cvetković
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vesna Nikolov
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kostić Perić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Ugrin
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Mitrović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Seyfried TN, Arismendi-Morillo G, Zuccoli G, Lee DC, Duraj T, Elsakka AM, Maroon JC, Mukherjee P, Ta L, Shelton L, D'Agostino D, Kiebish M, Chinopoulos C. Metabolic management of microenvironment acidity in glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968351. [PMID: 36059707 PMCID: PMC9428719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), similar to most cancers, is dependent on fermentation metabolism for the synthesis of biomass and energy (ATP) regardless of the cellular or genetic heterogeneity seen within the tumor. The transition from respiration to fermentation arises from the documented defects in the number, the structure, and the function of mitochondria and mitochondrial-associated membranes in GBM tissue. Glucose and glutamine are the major fermentable fuels that drive GBM growth. The major waste products of GBM cell fermentation (lactic acid, glutamic acid, and succinic acid) will acidify the microenvironment and are largely responsible for drug resistance, enhanced invasion, immunosuppression, and metastasis. Besides surgical debulking, therapies used for GBM management (radiation, chemotherapy, and steroids) enhance microenvironment acidification and, although often providing a time-limited disease control, will thus favor tumor recurrence and complications. The simultaneous restriction of glucose and glutamine, while elevating non-fermentable, anti-inflammatory ketone bodies, can help restore the pH balance of the microenvironment while, at the same time, providing a non-toxic therapeutic strategy for killing most of the neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas N. Seyfried,
| | - Gabriel Arismendi-Morillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Giulio Zuccoli
- The Program for the Study of Neurodevelopment in Rare Disorders (NDRD), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Derek C. Lee
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Tomas Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed M. Elsakka
- Neuro Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joseph C. Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Purna Mukherjee
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Linh Ta
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | | | - Dominic D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Cheng B, Hong X, Wang L, Cao Y, Qin D, Zhou H, Gao D. Curzerene suppresses progression of human glioblastoma through inhibition of glutathione S-transferase A4. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:690-702. [PMID: 35048517 PMCID: PMC8981481 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma is the central nervous system tumor with the highest mortality rate, and the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy is low. Curzerene can inhibit the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer, but its role in glioma has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of curzerene on glioma progression and further explore its potential mechanism. METHODS The expression of glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) in glioblastoma and the effect of curzerene on the expression of GSTA4 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and the activation of the mTOR pathway were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR, and the effects of curzerene treatment on glioma malignant character were detected by cell biological assays. The in vivo antitumor effects of curzerene were analyzed in a nude mouse xenograft model. RESULTS Curzerene was found to inhibit the expression of GSTA4 mRNA and protein in U251 and U87 glioma cells, and this effect correlated with a downregulation of the proliferation of these cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Invasion and migration were also inhibited, and curzerene treatment correlated with induction of apoptosis. Curzerene inhibited the activation of the mTOR pathway and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9, and it correlated with increased 4-hydroxynonenal levels. In vivo, curzerene was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth in nude mice and to prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing nude mice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, inhibition of GSTA4 correlates with positive outcomes in glioma models, and thus, this molecule is a candidate drug for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital 3, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dengli Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Hong MAC, Omar AT, Khu KJO. Socioeconomic factors affecting survivorship of glioblastoma patients in the Philippines. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 98:89-95. [PMID: 35151062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults worldwide. However, data on the survivorship of GBM patients in low- and middle-income countries is sparse. We determined whether socioeconomic factors such as marital status, place of residence, educational attainment, employment status, and income affected survival. A retrospective cohort study of surgically managed GBM patients (n = 48) in a single center over a five-year period was conducted using chart review and telephone interview. The mean age was 41 years, with a male predilection (62%). Most patients were married (73%), employed full time (79%), resided in a rural location (56%), completed secondary education (44%), and had a low income (83%). Most of the tumors were > 5 cm at the time of diagnosis (90%) and involved more than one lobe (40%). Majority underwent subtotal resection (56%). Only 15% (n = 7) had adjuvant chemoradiation while 23% (n = 11) had radiotherapy alone. Median overall survival was 7.6 months. Multivariate analysis showed that extent of resection (gross total resection, p = 0.0033; subtotal resection, p = 0.0069) and adjuvant treatment (p = 0.0254) were associated with improved survival, while low income (p = 0.0178) and educational (p = 0.0206) levels and part-time employment (p = 0.0063) were associated with decreased survival. Many GBM patients at our center presented at an advanced stage in their natural history, and majority (62%) did not receive adjuvant treatment after surgery. As such, the median overall survival was less than that reported in developed countries. Of the socioeconomic factors analyzed, low income and educational levels and part-time employment were negatively associated with survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manilyn Ann C Hong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Abdelsimar T Omar
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines.
| | - Kathleen Joy O Khu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines.
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Bruhn H, Blystad I, Milos P, Malmström A, Dahle C, Vrethem M, Henriksson R, Lind J. Initial cognitive impairment predicts shorter survival of patients with glioblastoma. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 145:94-101. [PMID: 34514585 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Seizures as presenting symptom of glioblastoma (GBM) are known to predict prolonged survival, whereas the clinical impact of other initial symptoms is less known. Our main objective was to evaluate the influence of different presenting symptoms on survival in a clinical setting. We also assessed lead times, tumour size and localization. METHODS Medical records of 189 GBM patients were reviewed regarding the first medical appointment, presenting symptom/s, date of diagnostic radiology and survival. Tumour size, localization and treatment data were retrieved. Overall survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier and Mann-Whitney U test. Cox regression was used for risk estimation. RESULTS Cognitive impairment as the initial symptom was often misinterpreted in primary health care leading to a delayed diagnosis. Initial global symptoms (66% of all patients) were associated with reduced survival compared to no global symptoms (median 8.4 months vs. 12.6 months). Those with the most common cognitive dysfunctions: change of behaviour, memory impairment and/or disorientation had a reduced median survival to 6.4 months. In contrast, seizures (32%) were associated with longer survival (median 11.2 months vs. 8.3 months). Global symptoms were associated with larger tumours than seizures, but tumour size had no linear association with survival. The setting of the first medical appointment was evenly distributed between primary health care and emergency units. CONCLUSION Patients with GBM presenting with cognitive symptoms are challenging to identify, have larger tumours and reduced survival. In contrast, epileptic seizures as the first symptom are associated with longer survival and smaller tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bruhn
- Department of Neurology Region Jönköping County Jönköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Ida Blystad
- Department of Radiology in Linköping and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Peter Milos
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery Linköping University Hospital Linköping Sweden
| | - Annika Malmström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
- Department of Advanced Home Care Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
| | - Roger Henriksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences Umeå University Hospital Umeå Sweden
| | - Jonas Lind
- Department of Neurology Region Jönköping County Jönköping Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden
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Seyfried TN, Shivane AG, Kalamian M, Maroon JC, Mukherjee P, Zuccoli G. Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy, Without Chemo or Radiation, for the Long-Term Management of IDH1-Mutant Glioblastoma: An 80-Month Follow-Up Case Report. Front Nutr 2021; 8:682243. [PMID: 34136522 PMCID: PMC8200410 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.682243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Successful treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains futile despite decades of intense research. GBM is similar to most other malignant cancers in requiring glucose and glutamine for growth, regardless of histological or genetic heterogeneity. Ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT) is a non-toxic nutritional intervention for cancer management. We report the case of a 32-year-old man who presented in 2014 with seizures and a right frontal lobe tumor on MRI. The tumor cells were immunoreactive with antibodies to the IDH1 (R132H) mutation, P53 (patchy), MIB-1 index (4–6%), and absent ATRX protein expression. DNA analysis showed no evidence of methylation of the MGMT gene promoter. The presence of prominent microvascular proliferation and areas of necrosis were consistent with an IDH-mutant glioblastoma (WHO Grade 4). Methods: The patient refused standard of care (SOC) and steroid medication after initial diagnosis, but was knowledgeable and self-motivated enough to consume a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet consisting mostly of saturated fats, minimal vegetables, and a variety of meats. The patient used the glucose ketone index calculator to maintain his Glucose Ketone Index (GKI) near 2.0 without body weight loss. Results: The tumor continued to grow slowly without expected vasogenic edema until 2017, when the patient opted for surgical debulking. The enhancing area, centered in the inferior frontal gyrus, was surgically excised. The pathology specimen confirmed IDH1-mutant GBM. Following surgery, the patient continued with a self-administered ketogenic diet to maintain low GKI values, indicative of therapeutic ketosis. At the time of this report (May 2021), the patient remains alive with a good quality of life, except for occasional seizures. MRI continues to show slow interval progression of the tumor. Conclusion: This is the first report of confirmed IDH1-mutant GBM treated with KMT and surgical debulking without chemo- or radiotherapy. The long-term survival of this patient, now at 80 months, could be due in part to a therapeutic metabolic synergy between KMT and the IDH1 mutation that simultaneously target the glycolysis and glutaminolysis pathways that are essential for GBM growth. Further studies are needed to determine if this non-toxic therapeutic strategy could be effective in providing long-term management for other GBM patients with or without IDH mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Aditya G Shivane
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, University Hospital Plymouth National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Purna Mukherjee
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Giulio Zuccoli
- Department of Radiology, St. Christopher Hospital for Children, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and regulation of miRNAs: novel targeted therapy for cancerous and noncancerous disease. Epigenomics 2020; 13:65-81. [PMID: 33350862 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs with crucial diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, play essential therapeutic roles in different human diseases. These biomarkers are involved in several biological mechanisms and are responsible for the regulation of multiple genes expressions in cells. miRNA-based therapy has shown a very bright future in the case of clinical interventions. Melatonin, the main product of the pineal gland, is a multifunctional neurohormone with numerous therapeutic potentials in human diseases. Melatonin is able to regulate miRNAs in different pathologies such as malignant and nonmalignant diseases, which can be considered as a novel kind of targeted therapy. Herein, this review discusses possible therapeutic utility of melatonin for the regulation of miRNAs in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Tabatabaei Yazdi SA, Safaei M, Gholamin M, Abdollahi A, Nili F, Jabbari Nooghabi M, Anvari K, Mojarrad M. Expression and Prognostic Significance of Cancer/Testis Antigens, MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6, in Glioblastoma: An Immunohistochemistry Evaluation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:128-136. [PMID: 33936223 PMCID: PMC8085292 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.125038.2368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the brain, the prognosis of which is poor. Immunotherapy with cancer/testis (CT) antigens is a novel therapeutic approach for glioblastoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression rate of MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6 in glioblastoma tumors using the method of immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: Expression of MAGE-E1, GAGE, and SOX-6 were determined by IHC in 50 paraffin blocks of glioblastoma. The results were compared between variables including age, gender, tumor location, and Karnofsky performance status (Kps) score. Survival analysis was also performed. Results: The expression levels of SOX-6, MAGE-E1, and GAGE were 82%, 78%, and 76%, respectively. The relationship between CT antigens and age, gender, and tumor location was not significant, while the association between MAGE-E1 expression and age was statistically significant (P=0.002). High expression levels of SOX-6 and MAGE-E1 were associated with low Kps scores (P=0.034 and P<0.001, respectively). Survival analysis showed that age >40 and Kps score <80 were associated with significant relationship with shorter survival rate. (P=0.005 and P=0.018, respectively). Expression of MAGE-E1 and GAGE was negatively associated with overall 2-year survival rate (P=0.001 and P=0.021, respectively). Conclusion: The expression of all the three CT antigens, especially MAGE-E1 and SOX-6, was high in patients with glioblastoma. It can be concluded that these markers could be ideal targets for immunotherapy in such patients. MAGE-E1 and SOX-6 can be considered as important markers in determining the prognosis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoomeh Safaei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nili
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kazem Anvari
- Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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You Y, Ru X, Lei W, Li T, Xiao M, Zheng H, Chen Y, Zhang L. Developing the novel bioinformatics algorithms to systematically investigate the connections among survival time, key genes and proteins for Glioblastoma multiforme. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:383. [PMID: 32938364 PMCID: PMC7646399 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors and its average survival time is less than 1 year after diagnosis. RESULTS Firstly, this study aims to develop the novel survival analysis algorithms to explore the key genes and proteins related to GBM. Then, we explore the significant correlation between AEBP1 upregulation and increased EGFR expression in primary glioma, and employ a glioma cell line LN229 to identify relevant proteins and molecular pathways through protein network analysis. Finally, we identify that AEBP1 exerts its tumor-promoting effects by mainly activating mTOR pathway in Glioma. CONCLUSIONS We summarize the whole process of the experiment and discuss how to expand our experiment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie You
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Xufang Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wanjing Lei
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 P.R. China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Huiru Zheng
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Coleraine, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
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14
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Rayan A, Abdel-Kareem S, Hasan H, Zahran AM, Gamal DA. Hypofractionated radiation therapy with temozolomide versus standard chemoradiation in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): A prospective, single institution experience. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:890-898. [PMID: 32982596 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM the study aimed to determine whether hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) with simultaneous and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) was feasible and could provide adequate disease control in primary GBM patients with poor prognostic factors including large tumor size, poor performance status, unresectable or multifocal lesions, poor imaging and inflammatory indices. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 93 patients with glioblastoma multiforme were collected and distributed randomly as 1:1.7 of cases to controls; cases or arm (I) received HFRT with 45 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks concurrently with TMZ. Controls or arm (II) received standard conventional fractionation radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks concurrently with TMZ. RESULTS 35 patients were recruited in arm I while 58 patients in arm II with significant difference in site of GBM, pattern of enhancement, type of surgery, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, while no significant differences in tumor size, focality, responses, progression free survival, and overall survival (OS), only the type of surgery was an independent predictor for OS, no significant difference in the type and degree of toxicity between both arms. CONCLUSION Our results showed that HFRT with concurrent TMZ is a feasible therapeutic approach in patients with GBM, especially those with poor prognostic factors, assuring high treatment compliance and low toxicity rates. Dose escalation and reduction in overall treatment time are clear advantages of HFRT, while at least the same survival rates as conventional fractionated RT are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Samya Abdel-Kareem
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Huda Hasan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Gamal
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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15
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Flower H, Gallo P. Cerebellar glioblastoma in an NF1 patient. Is it surgical debulking really necessary? Br J Neurosurg 2019; 34:669-671. [PMID: 31746226 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2019.1690127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant tumour syndrome with an increased risk of developing central nervous system neoplasms, mostly benign low-grade gliomas involving the optic pathway and the brainstem. High-grade astrocytomas or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are rare. Cerebellar GBMs are rarer still, only seven cases NF1 patients have been reported Case description: We report a case of a cerebellar GBM in a 25-year-old male with NF1 who survived 18 months from the initial diagnosis without surgical debulking but only chemo and radiotherapy.Conclusion: A literature review found that the best outcomes were achieved in NF1 patients who didn't undergo gross surgical resection. Possible reasons and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Flower
- Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pasquele Gallo
- Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Western General Hospital and Royal Hospital Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
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16
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Pereira MS, Celeiro SP, Costa ÂM, Pinto F, Popov S, de Almeida GC, Amorim J, Pires MM, Pinheiro C, Lopes JM, Honavar M, Costa P, Pimentel J, Jones C, Reis RM, Viana-Pereira M. Loss of SPINT2 expression frequently occurs in glioma, leading to increased growth and invasion via MMP2. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:107-121. [PMID: 31701492 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade gliomas (HGG) remain one of the most aggressive tumors, which is primarily due to its diffuse infiltrative nature. Serine proteases and metalloproteases are known to play key roles in cellular migration and invasion mechanisms. SPINT2, also known as HAI-2, is an important serine protease inhibitor that can affect MET signaling. SPINT2 has been found to be frequently downregulated in various tumors, whereby hypermethylation of its promoter appears to serve as a common mechanism. Here, we assessed the clinical relevance of SPINT2 expression and promoter hypermethylation in pediatric and adult HGG and explored its functional role. METHODS A series of 371 adult and 77 pediatric primary HGG samples was assessed for SPINT2 protein expression (immunohistochemistry) and promoter methylation (methylation-specific PCR) patterns. After SPINT2 knockdown and knock-in in adult and pediatric HGG cell lines, a variety of in vitro assays was carried out to determine the role of SPINT2 in glioma cell viability and invasion, as well as their mechanistic associations with metalloprotease activities. RESULTS We found that SPINT2 protein expression was frequently absent in adult (85.3%) and pediatric (100%) HGG samples. The SPINT2 gene promoter was found to be hypermethylated in approximately half of both adult and pediatric gliomas. Through functional assays we revealed a suppressor activity of SPINT2 in glioma cell proliferation and viability, as well as in their migration and invasion. These functions appear to be mediated in part by MMP2 expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that dysregulation of SPINT2 is a common event in both pediatric and adult HGG, in which SPINT2 may act as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Santos Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pires Celeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ângela Margarida Costa
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sergey Popov
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Júlia Amorim
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Melo Pires
- Unity of Neuropathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Pinheiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paulo Costa
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - José Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Jones
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marta Viana-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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17
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Chinopoulos C, Seyfried TN. Mitochondrial Substrate-Level Phosphorylation as Energy Source for Glioblastoma: Review and Hypothesis. ASN Neuro 2019; 10:1759091418818261. [PMID: 30909720 PMCID: PMC6311572 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418818261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant of the primary adult brain cancers. Ultrastructural and biochemical evidence shows that GBM cells exhibit mitochondrial abnormalities incompatible with energy production through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Under such conditions, the mitochondrial F0-F1 ATP synthase operates in reverse at the expense of ATP hydrolysis to maintain a moderate membrane potential. Moreover, expression of the dimeric M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase in GBM results in diminished ATP output, precluding a significant ATP production from glycolysis. If ATP synthesis through both glycolysis and OxPhos was impeded, then where would GBM cells obtain high-energy phosphates for growth and invasion? Literature is reviewed suggesting that the succinate-CoA ligase reaction in the tricarboxylic acid cycle can substantiate sufficient ATP through mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation (mSLP) to maintain GBM growth when OxPhos is impaired. Production of high-energy phosphates would be supported by glutaminolysis—a hallmark of GBM metabolism—through the sequential conversion of glutamine → glutamate → alpha-ketoglutarate → succinyl CoA → succinate. Equally important, provision of ATP through mSLP would maintain the adenine nucleotide translocase in forward mode, thus preventing the reverse-operating F0-F1 ATP synthase from depleting cytosolic ATP reserves. Because glucose and glutamine are the primary fuels driving the rapid growth of GBM and most tumors for that matter, simultaneous restriction of these two substrates or inhibition of mSLP should diminish cancer viability, growth, and invasion.
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18
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Gupta M, Bansal S, Pruthi DS, Saini M, Shirazi N, Ahmad M. Prognostic Factors in Elderly Patients with High-grade Gliomas: A Retrospective Analysis of 24 Cases. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 9:312-316. [PMID: 30069084 PMCID: PMC6050787 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_576_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Due to the aging of the population, diagnosis of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) in the elderly is becoming more common. The purpose of this study was to report our experience in 24 elderly patients with HGGs and evaluate the value of different prognostic factors. Design and Setting: Retrospective analysis of 24 elderly patients of ≥60 years with newly diagnosed HGGs, who were treated at our department between January 2009 and December 2012, was done. Patients and Methods: Age, gender, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score, extent of surgery, and use of temozolomide were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Survival was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method, and differences were compared using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent prognostic factors. Results: The median overall survival of the patient cohort was 10 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 45.8% and 16.6%, respectively. The analysis revealed that KPS score and use of concomitant chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: The results of our analyses demonstrate that KPS score and use of concomitant chemotherapy yield encouraging outcomes in elderly patients with HGGs, validating the results published in research papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Gupta
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deep Shankar Pruthi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manju Saini
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nadia Shirazi
- Department of Pathology, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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19
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Mwita CC, Koech F, Sisenda T, Patel K, Macharia B, Rahangdale D. Clinicopathologic Features and Early Surgical Outcome of Astrocytomas in Eldoret, Kenya. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 9:363-369. [PMID: 30069093 PMCID: PMC6050789 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_562_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Astrocytomas are primary central nervous system tumors arising from astrocytes and accounting for up to 37.8% of all brain tumors seen in hospital-based studies from Africa. Despite being common, their patterns and short-term outcomes remain poorly studied in Kenya. Materials and Methods: A prospective, descriptive study involving consecutive patients with a histological diagnosis of astrocytoma seen in three hospitals located in Eldoret, Kenya. Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes were recorded and patients followed up for 12 weeks. Results: Thirty-one patients were recruited over a 1-year period. Majority of them were female (51.6%). Headache (83.9%) and focal neurological deficits (64.5%) were the most common presenting features. Among patients with high-grade tumors, mean duration of illness was 106.03 ± 162.16 days, median functional status was Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score 50, mean tumor size was 110.22 ± 46.16 cm3, and median magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score was 17. Among patients with low-grade astrocytomas, mean duration of illness was 213.03 ± 344.93 days, median functional status was KPS score 40, mean tumor size was 53.49 ± 54.96 cm3 and median MRI score was 9. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (71%) and diffuse astrocytoma (22.6%) were the predominant histological subtypes. The median Ki-67 proliferative index was 6% for pilocytic astrocytoma, 1.6% for diffuse astrocytoma, and 60% for GBM. Systemic and regional surgical complications occurred in 6.5% and 38.7% of patients, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 19.4% and increased to 25.8% at 12 weeks. The KPS score at discharge was 50 and improved to 60 at 12 weeks. Only 9.7% of patients had acceptable functional status at 12 weeks follow-up. Conclusions: In this locality, headache, focal neurological deficits, and reduced functional status are the most common presenting features of astrocytomas while GBM is the most common histological subtype. Tumors are highly proliferative and in the short-term, both surgical and functional outcome are suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford C Mwita
- Department of Surgery, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya.,Afya Research Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Florentius Koech
- Department of Surgery, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Titus Sisenda
- Department of Surgery, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Immunology, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Benson Macharia
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
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20
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Ngadiono E, Hardiany NS. Advancing towards Effective Glioma Therapy: MicroRNA Derived from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Extracellular Vesicles. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:5-16. [PMID: 31496889 PMCID: PMC6719885 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A glioma, especially a grade IV glioblastoma, is a malignant tumour with a poor prognosis despite growing medical advancements. Researchers have been looking for better and more effective treatments targeting the molecular pathways of gliomas due to glioblastomas’ ability to develop resistance to chemotherapies. Moreover, glioma stem cells (GSC) contribute to maintaining the glioma population, which benefits from its ability to self-renew and differentiate. Recent research has reported that through the introduction of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC) into glioma cells, the growth and development of the glioma cells can be downregulated. It has more currently been found out that UCMSC release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing miRNA that are responsible for this phenomenon. Therefore, this review analyses literature to discuss all possible miRNAs contained within the UCMSC’s EVs and to elaborate on their molecular mechanisms in halting gliomas and GSC growth. This review will also include the challenges and limitations, to account for which more in vivo research is suggested. In conclusion, this review highlights how miRNAs contained within UCMSC’s EVs are able to downregulate multiple prominent pathways in the survival of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko Ngadiono
- International Class Program, Faculty of Medicines Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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21
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Sprugnoli G, Monti L, Lippa L, Neri F, Mencarelli L, Ruffini G, Salvador R, Oliveri G, Batani B, Momi D, Cerase A, Pascual-Leone A, Rossi A, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. Reduction of intratumoral brain perfusion by noninvasive transcranial electrical stimulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9309. [PMID: 31453319 PMCID: PMC6693907 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain neoplasms have a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatments. Animal models and evidence from human bodily tumors reveal that sustained reduction in tumor perfusion via electrical stimulation promotes tumor necrosis, therefore possibly representing a therapeutic option for patients with brain tumors. Here, we demonstrate that transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) allows to safely and noninvasively reduce intratumoral perfusion in humans. Selected patients with glioblastoma or metastasis underwent tES, while perfusion was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Multichannel tES was applied according to personalized biophysical modeling, to maximize the induced electrical field over the solid tumor mass. All patients completed the study and tolerated the procedure without adverse effects, with tES selectively reducing the perfusion of the solid tumor. Results potentially open the door to noninvasive therapeutic interventions in brain tumors based on stand-alone tES or its combination with other available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sprugnoli
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
| | - L. Monti
- Unit of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, “Santa Maria alle Scotte” Medical Center, Siena, Italy
| | - L. Lippa
- Unit of Neurosurgery, “Santa Maria alle Scotte” Medical Center, Siena, Italy
| | - F. Neri
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
| | - L. Mencarelli
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - G. Oliveri
- Unit of Neurosurgery, “Santa Maria alle Scotte” Medical Center, Siena, Italy
| | - B. Batani
- Unit of Neurosurgery, “Santa Maria alle Scotte” Medical Center, Siena, Italy
| | - D. Momi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
| | - A. Cerase
- Unit of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, “Santa Maria alle Scotte” Medical Center, Siena, Italy
| | - A. Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institut Guttmann, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Rossi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Human Physiology Section, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
| | - S. Rossi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Human Physiology Section, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
| | - E. Santarnecchi
- Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Siena Medical School, Siena, Italy
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bruhn H, Strandéus M, Milos P, Hallbeck M, Vrethem M, Lind J. Improved survival of Swedish glioblastoma patients treated according to Stupp. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 138:332-337. [PMID: 29882211 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The median survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients used to be less than 1 year. Surgical removal of the tumor with subsequent concomitant radiation/temozolomide (the Stupp regimen) has been shown to prolong survival. The Stupp protocol was implemented in the county of Jönköping in 2006. The purpose of this study was to examine if the Stupp treatment has prolonged overall survival, in an unselected patient cohort with histologically verified GBM. MATERIAL AND METHOD This study includes all patients from the county of Jönköping, with a diagnosis of GBM from January 2001 to December 2012. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts, 2001-2005 and 2006-2012, that is before and after implementation of the Stupp regimen. By reviewing the medical case notes, the dates of the histological diagnosis and of death were identified. The median and mean overall survival and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were calculated and compared between the 2 cohorts. RESULTS The mean survival was 110 days longer in the cohort treated according to the Stupp regimen. Four patients in the 2006-2012 cohort and 1 patient in the 2001-2005 cohort are still alive. When comparing survival in patients with radical surgery vs biopsy, those that underwent radical surgery survived longer. The significance was slightly greater in the 2001-2005 cohort (mean 163 vs 344 days, P < .001) than in the 2006-2012 cohort (mean 220 vs 397 days, P = .02). CONCLUSION Survival significantly improved after the implementation of the Stupp regimen in the study region of Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bruhn
- Section of Neurology; Department of Internal Medicine; County Hospital Ryhov; Jönköping Sweden
| | - M. Strandéus
- Department of Oncology; County Hospital Ryhov; Jönköping Sweden
| | - P. Milos
- Department of Neurosurgery; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - M. Hallbeck
- Department of Pathology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - M. Vrethem
- Department of Neurology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Jonas Lind
- Section of Neurology; Department of Internal Medicine; County Hospital Ryhov; Jönköping Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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Witthayanuwat S, Pesee M, Supaadirek C, Supakalin N, Thamronganantasakul K, Krusun S. Survival Analysis of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2613-2617. [PMID: 30256068 PMCID: PMC6249474 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the survival of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Material and Methods: Patients with a pathological diagnosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) between 1 January 1994 and 30 November 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria: 1) GBM patients with confirmed pathology, 2) GBM patients were treated by multimodality therapy. Exclusion criteria: 1) GBM patients with unconfirmed pathology, 2) GBM patients with spinal involvement, 3) GBM patients with incomplete data records. Seventy-seven patients were treated by multimodality therapy such as surgery plus post-operative radiotherapy (PORT), post-operative Temozolomide (TMZ) concurrent with radiotherapy (CCRT), post-operative CCRT with adjuvant TMZ. The overall survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Seventy-seven patients with a median age of 53 years (range 4-76 years) showed a median survival time (MST) of 12 months. In subgroup analyses, the PORT patients revealed a MST of 11 months and 2 year overall survival (OS) rates were 17.2%, the patients with post-operative CCRT with or without adjuvant TMZ revealed a MST of 23 months and 2 year OS rates were 38.2%. The MST of patients by Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA), classifications III, IV, V, VI were 26.8 months, 14.2 months, 9.9 months, and 4.0 months, (p <0.001). Conclusions: The MST of the patients who had post-operative CCRT with or without adjuvant TMZ was better than the PORT group. The RPA classification can be used to predict survival. Multimodality therapy demonstrated the most effective treatment outcome. Temozolomide might be beneficial for GBM patients in order to increase survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supapan Witthayanuwat
- Division of Radiotherapy, Department of Radiology, Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
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Elsakka AMA, Bary MA, Abdelzaher E, Elnaggar M, Kalamian M, Mukherjee P, Seyfried TN. Management of Glioblastoma Multiforme in a Patient Treated With Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy and Modified Standard of Care: A 24-Month Follow-Up. Front Nutr 2018; 5:20. [PMID: 29651419 PMCID: PMC5884883 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Few advances have been made in overall survival for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in more than 40 years. Here, we report the case of a 38-year-old man who presented with chronic headache, nausea, and vomiting accompanied by left partial motor seizures and upper left limb weakness. Enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid cystic lesion in the right partial space suggesting GBM. Serum testing revealed vitamin D deficiency and elevated levels of insulin and triglycerides. Prior to subtotal tumor resection and standard of care (SOC), the patient conducted a 72-h water-only fast. Following the fast, the patient initiated a vitamin/mineral-supplemented ketogenic diet (KD) for 21 days that delivered 900 kcal/day. In addition to radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and the KD (increased to 1,500 kcal/day at day 22), the patient received metformin (1,000 mg/day), methylfolate (1,000 mg/day), chloroquine phosphate (150 mg/day), epigallocatechin gallate (400 mg/day), and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) (60 min/session, 5 sessions/week at 2.5 ATA). The patient also received levetiracetam (1,500 mg/day). No steroid medication was given at any time. Post-surgical histology confirmed the diagnosis of GBM. Reduced invasion of tumor cells and thick-walled hyalinized blood vessels were also seen suggesting a therapeutic benefit of pre-surgical metabolic therapy. After 9 months treatment with the modified SOC and complimentary ketogenic metabolic therapy (KMT), the patient’s body weight was reduced by about 19%. Seizures and left limb weakness resolved. Biomarkers showed reduced blood glucose and elevated levels of urinary ketones with evidence of reduced metabolic activity (choline/N-acetylaspartate ratio) and normalized levels of insulin, triglycerides, and vitamin D. This is the first report of confirmed GBM treated with a modified SOC together with KMT and HBOT, and other targeted metabolic therapies. As rapid regression of GBM is rare following subtotal resection and SOC alone, it is possible that the response observed in this case resulted in part from the modified SOC and other novel treatments. Additional studies are needed to validate the efficacy of KMT administered with alternative approaches that selectively increase oxidative stress in tumor cells while restricting their access to glucose and glutamine. The patient remains in excellent health (Karnofsky Score, 100%) with continued evidence of significant tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M A Elsakka
- Neuro-Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel Bary
- Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelzaher
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elnaggar
- Cancer Management and Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Purna Mukherjee
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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Ellingson BM, Wen PY, Cloughesy TF. Evidence and context of use for contrast enhancement as a surrogate of disease burden and treatment response in malignant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2018; 20:457-471. [PMID: 29040703 PMCID: PMC5909663 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of contrast enhancement within the brain on CT or MRI has been the gold standard for diagnosis and therapeutic response assessment in malignant gliomas for decades. The use of contrast enhancing tumor size, however, remains controversial as a tool for accurately diagnosing and assessing treatment efficacy in malignant gliomas, particularly in the current, quickly evolving therapeutic landscape. The current article consolidates overwhelming evidence from hundreds of studies in the field of neuro-oncology, providing the necessary evidence base and specific contexts of use for consideration of contrast enhancing tumor size as an appropriate surrogate biomarker for disease burden and as a tool for measuring treatment response in malignant glioma, including glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Physics in Medicine and Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Department of Neurooncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- UCLA Neuro-Oncology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Toren A, Pismenyuk T, Yalon M, Freedman S, Simon AJ, Fisher T, Moshe I, Reichardt JKV, Constantini S, Mardor Y, Last D, Guez D, Daniels D, Assoulin M, Mehrian-Shai R. Zinc enhances temozolomide cytotoxicity in glioblastoma multiforme model systems. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74860-74871. [PMID: 27556862 PMCID: PMC5342707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent that has become the mainstay treatment of the most malignant brain cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Unfortunately only a limited number of patients positively respond to it. It has been shown that zinc metal reestablishes chemosensitivity but this effect has not been tested with TMZ. Using both in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches, we investigated whether addition of zinc to TMZ enhances its cytotoxicity against GBM. In vitro cell viability analysis showed that the cytotoxic activity of TMZ was substantially increased with addition of zinc and this response was accompanied by an elevation of p21, PUMA, BAX and Caspase-3 expression and a decrease in growth fraction as manifested by low ki67 and lower colony formation. Analysis of GBM as intracranial xenografts in athymic mice and administration of concurrent TMZ and zinc yielded results consistent with those of the in vitro analyses. The co-treatment resulted in significant reduction in tumor volume in TMZ/zinc treated mice relative to treatment with TMZ alone. Our results suggest that zinc may serve as a potentiator of TMZ therapy in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tatyana Pismenyuk
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Yalon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Freedman
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos J Simon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Fisher
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Moshe
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shlomi Constantini
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - Yael Mardor
- The Advanced Technology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Last
- The Advanced Technology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Guez
- The Advanced Technology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dianne Daniels
- The Advanced Technology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moria Assoulin
- The Advanced Technology Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruty Mehrian-Shai
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer Affiliated to The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Cell biology of glioblastoma multiforme: from basic science to diagnosis and treatment. Med Oncol 2018; 35:27. [PMID: 29387965 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
First described in the 1800s, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a class IV neoplasm with astrocytic differentiation, as per the revised 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common malignant tumor of the CNS. GBM has an extremely wide set of alterations, both genetic and epigenetic, which yield a great number of mutation subgroups, some of which have an established role in independent patient survival and treatment response. All of those components not only represent a closed cycle but are also relevant to the tumor biological behavior and resistance to treatment as they form the pathobiological behavior and clinical course. The presence of different triggering mutations on the background of the presence of key mutations in the GBM stem cells (GBMsc) further separates GBM as primary arising de novo from neural stem cell precursors developing into GBMsc and secondary, by means of aggregated mutations. Some of the change in cellular biology in GBM can be observed via light microscope as they form the cellular and tissue hallmarks of the condition. Changes in genetic information, resulting in alteration, suppression and expression of genes compared to their physiological levels in healthy astrocytes lead to not only cellular, but also extracellular matrix reorganization. These changes result in a multiform number of micromorphological and purely immunological/biochemical forms. Therefore, in the twenty-first century the term multiforme, previously outcast from nomenclatures, has gained new popularity on the background of genotypic diversity in this neoplastic entry.
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Borhani S, Mozdarani H, Babalui S, Bakhshandeh M, Nosrati H. In Vitro Radiosensitizing Effects of Temozolomide on U87MG Cell Lines of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:258-265. [PMID: 28533574 PMCID: PMC5429494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been used with irradiation (IR) to treat gliomas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effect of TMZ when combined with high-dose and high-dose rate of gamma irradiation in vitro. METHODS Two 'U87MG' cell lines and skin fibroblast were cultured and assigned to five groups for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The groups were namely, TMZ group (2000 μM/L), IR group (5 Gy), TMZ plus IR group, control group, and control solvent group. MTT assay was applied to evaluate cell viability. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The slope of growth curve U87MG cells in semi-logarithmic scale was equal to 27.36±0.89 hours. The viability of cells was determined for different TMZ and IR treatment groups. In terms of cell viability, there were no significant differences between the control and control solvent groups (P=0.35) and between treated group by IR (5 Gy) alone and TMZ (2000 µM/ml) alone (P=0.15). Data obtained for the cell viability of combined TMZ plus IR in both cell lines compared to TMZ or IR treated group alone showed a significant difference (P=0.002). CONCLUSION The evaluation of cells viability showed that TMZ in combination with IR on glioma cells led to a significant radiosensitivity compared to IR alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Borhani
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Hossein Mozdarani, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran Tel: +98 21 82883830 Fax: +98 21 88006544
| | - Somayyeh Babalui
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Nosrati
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ng WP, Liew BS, Idris Z, Rosman AK. Fluorescence-Guided versus Conventional Surgical Resection of High Grade Glioma: A Single-Centre, 7-Year, Comparative Effectiveness Study. Malays J Med Sci 2017; 24:78-86. [PMID: 28894407 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High grade gliomas (HGGs) are locally invasive brain tumours that carry a dismal prognosis. Although complete resection increases median survival, the difficulty in reliably demonstrating the tumour border intraoperatively is a norm. The Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh is the first public hospital in Malaysia to overcome this problem by adopting fluorescence-guided (FG) surgery using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). METHODS A total of 74 patients with histologically proven HGGs treated between January 2008 and December 2014, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazard regression were used. RESULTS Significant longer survival time (months) was observed in the FG group compared with the conventional group (12 months versus 8 months, P < 0.020). Even without adjuvant therapy, HGG patients from FG group survived longer than those from the conventional group (8 months versus 3 months, P = 0.006). No significant differences were seen in postoperative Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) between the groups at 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery compared to pre-operative KPS. Cox proportional hazard regression identified four independent predictors of survival: KPS > 80 (P = 0.010), histology (P < 0.001), surgical method (P < 0.001) and adjuvant therapy (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed a significant clinical benefit for HGG patients in terms of overall survival using FG surgery as it did not result in worsening of post-operative function outcome when compared with the conventional surgical method. We advocate a further multicentered, randomised controlled trial to support these findings before FG surgery can be implemented as a standard surgical adjunct in local practice for the benefit of HGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ping Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Sultanah Zainab 2, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Boon Seng Liew
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Center for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Sultanah Zainab 2, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azmin Kass Rosman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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Prognostic Factors and Survival of Glioblastoma Multiform (GBM) in Iranian Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brown TJ, Brennan MC, Li M, Church EW, Brandmeir NJ, Rakszawski KL, Patel AS, Rizk EB, Suki D, Sawaya R, Glantz M. Association of the Extent of Resection With Survival in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol 2017; 2:1460-1469. [PMID: 27310651 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Importance Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains almost invariably fatal despite optimal surgical and medical therapy. The association between the extent of tumor resection (EOR) and outcome remains undefined, notwithstanding many relevant studies. Objective To determine whether greater EOR is associated with improved 1- and 2-year overall survival and 6-month and 1-year progression-free survival in patients with GBM. Data Sources Pubmed, CINAHL, and Web of Science (January 1, 1966, to December 1, 2015) were systematically reviewed with librarian guidance. Additional articles were included after consultation with experts and evaluation of bibliographies. Articles were collected from January 15 to December 1, 2015. Study Selection Studies of adult patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial GBM comparing various EOR and presenting objective overall or progression-free survival data were included. Pediatric studies were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted from the text of articles or the Kaplan-Meier curves independently by investigators who were blinded to each other's results. Data were analyzed to assess mortality after gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR), and biopsy. The body of evidence was evaluated according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria and PRISMA guidelines. Main Outcome and Measures Relative risk (RR) for mortality at 1 and 2 years and progression at 6 months and 1 year. Results The search produced 37 studies suitable for inclusion (41 117 unique patients). The meta-analysis revealed decreased mortality for GTR compared with STR at 1 year (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.56-0.69; P < .001; number needed to treat [NNT], 9) and 2 years (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.89; P < .001; NNT, 17). The 1-year risk for mortality for STR compared with biopsy was reduced significantly (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.91; P < .001). The risk for mortality was similarly decreased for any resection compared with biopsy at 1 year (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.71-0.84; P < .001; NNT, 21) and 2 years (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-1.00; P = .04; NNT, 593). The likelihood of disease progression was decreased with GTR compared with STR at 6 months (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.48-1.09; P = .12; NNT, 14) and 1 year (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.43-0.99; P < .001; NNT, 26). The quality of the body of evidence by the GRADE criteria was moderate to low. Conclusion and Relevance This analysis represents the largest systematic review and only quantitative systematic review to date performed on this subject. Compared with STR, GTR substantially improves overall and progression-free survival, but the quality of the supporting evidence is moderate to low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Matthew C Brennan
- Ann Barshinger Cancer Center, Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Pittsford, New York
| | - Ephraim W Church
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas J Brandmeir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin L Rakszawski
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Akshal S Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Cerebrovascular Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elias B Rizk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Dima Suki
- Division of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Raymond Sawaya
- Division of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Michael Glantz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Identifying survival-associated modules from the dysregulated triplet network in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:661-671. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lapointe S, Florescu M, Simonyan D, Michaud K. Impact of standard care on elderly glioblastoma patients. Neurooncol Pract 2016; 4:4-14. [PMID: 31385982 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncertainty persists about the survival advantage of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) plus radiotherapy (RT) in elderly patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). We compared the clinical outcome of unselected elderly GBM patients treated with 4 adjuvant treatment modalities, including the Stupp protocol. Methods From 2010 to 2014, retrospective chart review was performed on 171 GBM patients aged ≥55 who received either concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) with standard 60 Gy/30 (SRT); CCRT with hypofractionated 40 Gy/15 (HRT); HRT alone; or TMZ alone. Stratification is by age (55-69, ≥70), KPS (<70, ≥70), and resection status (biopsy, resection). Results Out of 171 patients identified, 128(75%) had surgical resection, median age was 66(55-83), and median overall survival (mOS) 11.4mo. Majority (109/171) were treated according to the Stupp protocol (CCRT-SRT), and 106/171 received post-CCRT adjuvant TMZ (median of 3 cycles). In our population, age <70yo was a significant prognostic factor (mOS of patients aged 55-69 vs ≥70 yo = 13.3 vs 6.6 mo; P = .001). However, among the population receiving the Stupp regimen, there was no difference in survival between patients aged 55-69 and those ≥70 (respectively, 14.4 vs 13.2 mo; P = .798). Patients ≥70 yo had similar survival when treated with CCRT-HRT and CCRT-SRT (P = .248), although numbers were small. Conclusions Our data suggests that, despite having a worse global prognostic than their younger counterparts, GBM patients ≥70yo with a good performance status could be treated according to the Stupp protocol with similar survival. Theses results need prospective confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lapointe
- Neurology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (S.L.); Hematology and Oncology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (M.F.); Neurosurgery Division, CHU Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Laval University, 1401 18th street, Québec G1J1Z4, Canada (K.M.); Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center, 10 de l'Espinay, D6-747, Québec, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada (D.S.)
| | - Marie Florescu
- Neurology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (S.L.); Hematology and Oncology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (M.F.); Neurosurgery Division, CHU Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Laval University, 1401 18th street, Québec G1J1Z4, Canada (K.M.); Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center, 10 de l'Espinay, D6-747, Québec, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada (D.S.)
| | - David Simonyan
- Neurology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (S.L.); Hematology and Oncology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (M.F.); Neurosurgery Division, CHU Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Laval University, 1401 18th street, Québec G1J1Z4, Canada (K.M.); Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center, 10 de l'Espinay, D6-747, Québec, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada (D.S.)
| | - Karine Michaud
- Neurology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (S.L.); Hematology and Oncology Division, CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, University of Montreal, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada (M.F.); Neurosurgery Division, CHU Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Laval University, 1401 18th street, Québec G1J1Z4, Canada (K.M.); Clinical and Evaluative Research Platform, CHU de Québec Research Center, 10 de l'Espinay, D6-747, Québec, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada (D.S.)
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Ahmed K, Asaduzzaman S, Bashar MI, Hossain G, Bhuiyan T. Association Assessment among Risk Factors and Breast Cancer in a Low Income Country: Bangladesh. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7507-12. [PMID: 26625753 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the low incoming country Bangladesh, breast cancer is second most common neoplasm and is increasing at an alarming rate among females. Lack of awareness and illiteracy are contributory factors for late presentation and therefore mortality. PURPOSE To examine associations of different factors with breast cancer mortality and to raise awareness among the women of society in Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive case-control study was conducted on 160 participants from April 2011 till July 2014. Through a valid questionnaire covering personal and family history, data were collected by face to face interview. For analyzing correlations among factors with breast cancer data, binary logistic regression, Pearson's χ2- value, odd ratios and p-value tests were conducted with SPSS version 20. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 43.0 (SD= ± 11.12). In ascending order the leading significant factors were hormone therapy (p<0.0000, OR=4.897), abortion (p<0.0001, OR=3.452), early start menarche (p<0.0002, OR=3.500), family history (p<0.0022, OR=3.235), and late menopause (p<0.0093, OR=3.674) with both χ2 test and logistic regression analyses. Non-significant factors were cancer experience, fatty food habits, marital status and taking alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the investigation of this study, significant and insignificant factor's correlation visualization with breast cancer will be helpful to increase awareness among Bangladeshi women as well as all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawsar Ahmed
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Baangladesh E-mail :
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Fekete B, Werlenius K, Örndal C, Rydenhag B. Prognostic factors for glioblastoma patients--a clinical population-based study. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 133:434-41. [PMID: 26358197 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To address in a retrospective and population-based study prognostic factors for survival time after diagnosis and surgery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). MATERIAL AND METHODS During the study period, 430 patients were identified at the multidisciplinary team conferences as newly diagnosed GBM, 201 of these were considered not to benefit from surgery, and thus, a total of 229 consecutive adult patients with GBM were operated between January 2004 and December 2008 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital and were retrospectively analyzed. Potential predictors of survival were statistically analyzed using Poisson regression models. RESULTS Median survival was 0.73 years. Multivariable analysis showed the following factors to positively influence survival: younger age at surgery, secondary tumor genesis, unifocal tumor location (vs multifocal), resection (vs biopsy only), radiotherapy, and combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION This population-based study supports the importance of surgery instead of biopsy only, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, a finding which has also been stated in earlier non-population-based reports. However, it is obvious that the solution is not just surgical radicality followed by optimal oncological treatment. It is of great importance to seek further subclassifications, biomarkers, and new treatment modalities to make a significant change in survival for individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Fekete
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation; The Sahlgrenska Academy; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; University of Göteborg; Göteborg Sweden
| | - K. Werlenius
- Department of Oncology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Göteborg; Göteborg Sweden
| | - C. Örndal
- Department of Pathology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Göteborg; Göteborg Sweden
| | - B. Rydenhag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation; The Sahlgrenska Academy; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; University of Göteborg; Göteborg Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Göteborg; Göteborg Sweden
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Al Shalchi M, Hussain S, Giridharan S, Albanese E. Rare case of radiation-induced trigeminal schwannoma occurring in a long-term glioblastoma multiforme survivor. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-214438. [PMID: 26969360 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade primary brain tumour with a notably poor prognosis. Research demonstrates a median survival of just over 1 year following aggressive treatment. Long-term survival is notably rare. Cranial radiotherapy and postexcisional prophylactic treatment is associated with the development of second, histologically distinct tumours in rare cases. Radiation-induced intracranial schwannomas are uncommon, with only a small number of cranial nerve schwannoma cases reported in recent decades. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a radiation-induced benign trigeminal schwannoma occurring following long-term survival from glioblastoma. Here we present (1) a rare case of 14-year survival following treatment of a right parietal glioblastoma and the development of a radiation-induced benign trigeminal schwannoma in a 35-year-old man, and (2) a review of radiation-induced schwannoma cases reported in the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erminia Albanese
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Loureiro LVM, Pontes LDB, Callegaro-Filho D, Koch LDO, Weltman E, Victor EDS, Santos AJ, Borges LRR, Segreto RA, Malheiros SMF. Initial care and outcome of glioblastoma multiforme patients in 2 diverse health care scenarios in Brazil: does public versus private health care matter? Neuro Oncol 2015; 16:999-1005. [PMID: 24463356 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and survival features of patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated in 2 health care scenarios--public and private--in Brazil. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical, treatment, and outcome characteristics of glioblastoma multiforme patients from 2003 to 2011 at 2 institutions. RESULTS The median age of the 171 patients (117 public and 54 private) was 59.3 years (range, 18-84). The median survival for patients treated in private institutions was 17.4 months (95% confidence interval, 11.1-23.7) compared with 7.1 months (95% confidence interval, 3.8-10.4) for patients treated in public institutions (P < .001). The time from the first symptom to surgery was longer in the public setting (median of 64 days for the public hospital and 31 days for the private institution; P = .003). The patients at the private hospital received radiotherapy concurrent with chemotherapy in 59.3% of cases; at the public hospital, only 21.4% (P < .001). Despite these differences, the institution of treatment was not found to be an independent predictor of outcome (hazard ratio, 1.675; 95% confidence interval, 0.951-2.949; P = .074). The Karnofsky performance status and any additional treatment after surgery were predictors of survival. A hazard ratio of 0.010 (95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.033; P < .001) was observed for gross total tumor resection followed by radiotherapy concurrent with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Despite obvious disparities between the hospitals, the medical assistance scenario was not an independent predictor of survival. However, survival was directly influenced by additional treatment after surgery. Therefore, increasing access to resources in developing countries like Brazil is critical.
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Hariri OR, Quadri SA, Farr S, Gupta R, Bieber AJ, Dyurgerova A, Corsino C, Miulli D, Siddiqi J. Third Ventricular Glioblastoma Multiforme: Case Report and Literature Review. J Neurol Surg Rep 2015; 76:e227-32. [PMID: 26623232 PMCID: PMC4648723 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) typically presents in the supratentorial white matter, commonly within the centrum semiovale as a ring-enhancing lesion with areas of necrosis. An atypical presentation of this lesion, both anatomically as well as radiographically, is significant and must be part of the differential for a neoplasm in this anatomical location. Case Description We present a case of a 62-year-old woman with headaches, increasing somnolence, and cognitive decline for several weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated mild left ventricular dilatation with a well-marginated, homogeneous, and nonhemorrhagic lesion located at the ceiling of the third ventricle within the junction of the septum pellucidum and fornix, without exhibiting the typical radiographic features of hemorrhage or necrosis. Final pathology reports confirmed the diagnosis of GBM. Conclusion This case report describes an unusual location for the most common primary brain neoplasm. Moreover, this case identifies the origin of a GBM related to the paracentral ventricular structures infiltrating the body of the fornix and leaves of the septum pellucidum. To our knowledge this report is the first reported case of a GBM found in this anatomical location with an entirely atypical radiographic presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid R Hariri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
| | - Syed A Quadri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
| | - Saman Farr
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Andrew J Bieber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
| | - Anya Dyurgerova
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| | - Casey Corsino
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States
| | - Dan Miulli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States
| | - Javed Siddiqi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, United States ; Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Orthopedics and Neurosciences, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States
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Jin F, Zhang R, Feng S, Yuan CT, Zhang RY, Han GK, Li GH, Yu XZ, Liu Y, Kong LS, Zhang SL, Zhao L. Pathological features of transplanted tumor established by CD133 positive TJ905 glioblastoma stem-like cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:60. [PMID: 26136642 PMCID: PMC4487198 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to explore the pathological features of transplanted tumor established by CD133 positive TJ905 glioblastoma stem-like cells. METHODS CD133 positive TJ905 glioma cells were separated by immunomagnetic beads to isolate glioma stem-like cells. TJ905 cells and stem-like cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the mice to establish model of transplanted tumor, respectively. Mice growing condition and behavior were observed. HE staining assay, immunohistochemical assay for GFAP, Ki-67 and Olig-2, and CD34 marked microvascular density (MVD) test were performed. RESULTS The growing condition and behavior of mice in TJ905 stem cell group was more exaggerated and the models showed stronger malignant features pathologically than that in TJ905 cell group. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in TJ905 cell and stem-like cell group showed the transplanted tumor originated from astrocytes. Expression of Ki-67 and oligodendrocyte transcription factor-2 (Olig-2) in TJ905 stem cells was higher notably and CD34 expression in stem cell group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Pathological features of transplanted tumor established by CD133 positive glioblastoma stem-like cells show more malignant. Use of TJ905 stem cells to establish transplanted tumor model in nude mice is excellent for glioma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Song Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Chuan-Tao Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Ren-Ya Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Guang-Kui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Gen-Hua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Xi-Zhen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Ling-Sheng Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, and Shangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuro-oncology, Jining, Shandong 272029 PR China
| | - Shu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 PR China
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Xavier-Magalhães A, Nandhabalan M, Jones C, Costa BM. Molecular prognostic factors in glioblastoma: state of the art and future challenges. CNS Oncol 2015; 2:495-510. [PMID: 25054820 DOI: 10.2217/cns.13.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas account for the majority of primary tumors of the CNS, of which glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant, and for which survival is very poor. Despite significant inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, all patients are treated with a standardized therapeutic approach. While some clinical features of GBM patients have already been established as classic prognostic factors (e.g., patient age at diagnosis and Karnofsky performance status), one of the most important research fields in neuro-oncology today is the identification of novel molecular determinants of patient survival and tumor response to therapy. Here, we aim to review and discuss some of the most relevant and novel prognostic biomarkers in adult and pediatric GBM patients that may aid in stratifying subgroups of GBMs and rationalizing treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Xavier-Magalhães
- Life & Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Retrospective analysis of bevacizumab in combination with fotemustine in chinese patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:723612. [PMID: 25789324 PMCID: PMC4348597 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the activity and safety of bevacizumab (BEV) and fotemustine (FTM) for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients and explore the potential prognostic parameters on survival. This study retrospectively analyzed all patients with GBM who were treated with at least one cycle of BEV and FTM from July 2010 to October 2012. A total of 176 patients with recurrent GBM were enrolled. The response rate and disease control rate were 46.6% and 90.9%, respectively. A 6-month PFS rate of 33.3% (95% CI: 26.5%–40.3%) and a median PFS of 5.0 (95% CI: 2.4–7.5) months were observed. The median OS was 8.0 (95% CI: 6.7–9.2) months. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors with a significant influence on the PFS of all patients were Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (≥70 versus <70, HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.39–0.73, and P = 0.01) and MGMT status (methylated versus unmethylated, HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52–0.97, and P = 0.04). The most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue, proteinuria, hypophonia, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and neutropenia. In conclusion, combination of BEV with FTM is well tolerated and may derive some clinical benefits in recurrent GBM patients. Higher KPS and MGMT promoter hypermethylation were suggested to be associated with prolonged survival.
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Pashaki AS, Hamed EA, Mohamadian K, Abassi M, Safaei AM, Torkaman T. Efficacy of high dose radiotherapy in post-operative treatment of glioblastoma multiform--a single institution report. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2793-6. [PMID: 24761902 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with median survival of approximately 14 months. Management consists of maximal surgical resection followed by post-operative chemoradiation with concurrent then adjuvant temozolamide. The standard radiotherapy dose is 60 Gy in 2-Gy fractions recommended by the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG). With the vast majority of tumor recurrences occurring within the previous irradiation field and the poor outcome associated with standard therapy, regimens designed to deliver higher radiation doses to improve local control and enhance survival are needed. In this study, we report a single institutional experience in treatment of 68 consecutive patients with GBM, treated with resection, and given post-operative radiotherapy followed by concurrent and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Of the 80 patients who entered this study, 68 completed the treatment course; 45 (66.2%) males and 23 (33.8%) females with a mean age at diagnosis of 49.0 ± 12.9 (21-75) years. At a median follow up of 19 months, 39 (57.3%) patients had evidence of tumor progression and 36 (52.9%) had died. The median over all survival for all patients was 16 months and progression free survival for all patients was 6.02 months. All potential prognostic factors were analyzed to evaluate their effects on overall survival. Age ≤ 50 year, concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy and extent of surgery had significant p values. We found lower progression rate among patients who received higher doses of radiotherapy (>60 Gy). Higher radiation doses improved progression free survival (p=0.03). Despite increasing overall survival, this elevation was not significant. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasize that higher radiation doses of (>60 Gy) can improve local control and potentially survival, so we strongly advise prospective multi centric studies to evaluate the role of higher doses of radiotherapy on GBM patient outcome.
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Hoffermann M, Bruckmann L, Mahdy Ali K, Asslaber M, Payer F, von Campe G. Treatment results and outcome in elderly patients with glioblastoma multiforme – A retrospective single institution analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 128:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain cancer. Median overall survival (OS) for newly diagnosed patients is only about 12 to 18 months. GBM tumors invariably recur, and there is no widely recognized and effective standard treatment for recurrent GBM. NovoTTF Therapy is a novel and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antimitotic treatment for recurrent GBM with potential benefits compared with other options. Recurrent GBM patients from two prior trials with demonstrated radiologic tumor response to single-agent NovoTTF Therapy were analyzed to better characterize tumor response patterns and evaluate the associations between response, compliance, and OS. In addition, a compartmental tumor growth model was developed and evaluated for its ability to predict GBM response to tumor-treating fields (TTFields). The overall response rate across both trials was 15% (4% complete responses): 14% in the phase III trial (14/120) and 20% (2/10) in a pilot study. Tumor responses to NovoTTF Therapy developed slowly (median time to response, 5.2 months) but were durable (median duration, 12.9 months). Response duration was highly correlated with OS (r(2) = .92, P<.0001), and median OS for responders was 24.8 months. Seven of 16 responders exhibited initial tumor growth on magnetic resonance imaging. Compliance appeared to be linked with both improved response and survival. The tumor growth model predicted tumor arrest and shrinkage only after several weeks of continuous NovoTTF Therapy, consistent with the observed clinical findings of initial transient tumor growth in some patients. NovoTTF Therapy is a novel antimitotic treatment for recurrent GBM associated with slowly developing but durable tumor responses in approximately 15% of patients. Some responders exhibit initial tumor growth before shrinkage, indicating treatment should not be terminated prior to allowing for the full effect of NovoTTF Therapy to be realized. OS is longer in responders than in nonresponders. High daily compliance rates may be associated with increased likelihood of an objective response and are predictive of improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Vymazal
- Department of Radiology, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eric T Wong
- Brain Tumor Center and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
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HUANG MIN, KE YIQUAN, SUN XINLIN, YU LI, YANG ZHILIN, ZHANG YONGHONG, DU MOUXUAN, WANG JIHUI, LIU XIAO, HUANG SHUYUN. Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is involved in the vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1973-80. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xu J, Li Z, Wang J, Chen H, Fang JY. Combined PTEN Mutation and Protein Expression Associate with Overall and Disease-Free Survival of Glioblastoma Patients. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:196-205.e1. [PMID: 24721394 PMCID: PMC4101389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor commonly inactivated in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the prognostic significance of PTEN remains controversial. Here, we demon- strate significant prognostic value of combined PTEN mutation and expression for the survival of patients with GBM on the basis of analysis of large-scale cancer genomic data. PTEN nonsense mutations associated with sig- nificantly shorter disease-free survival and overexpression of PTEN protein linked to shorter disease-free and overall survival of patients with GBM. PTEN nonsense mutations correlated with decreased p53 and Gata3 protein levels and increased genomic instability in human GBM tissues. Expression of nonsense PTEN mutant decreased p53 and Gata3 levels, producing increased DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo. Mice carrying xenograft tumors with nonsense PTEN mutant displayed significantly shorter survival. Our data demonstrated the prognostic value of combined PTEN mutation and protein expression for patients with GBM and highlighted distinct biologic effects of nonsense and missense mutations of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhaoli Li
- Viral Genetics Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jilin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.
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Agarwal M, Nitta RT, Li G. Casein Kinase 2: a novel player in glioblastoma therapy and cancer stem cells. J Mol Genet Med 2014; 8. [PMID: 25264454 DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.1000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is an oncogenic protein kinase which contributes to tumor development, proliferation, and suppression of apoptosis in multiple cancer types. The mechanism by which CK2 expression and activity leads to tumorigenesis in glioblastoma (GBM), a stage IV primary brain tumor, is being studied. Recent studies demonstrate that CK2 plays an important role in GBM formation and growth through the inhibition of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes. In addition, intriguing new reports indicate that CK2 may regulate GBM formation in a novel manner; CK2 may play a critical role in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. Since glial CSCs have the ability to self-renew and initiate tumor growth, new treatments which target these CSCs are needed to treat this fatal disease. Inhibition of CK2 is potentially a novel method to inhibit GBM growth and reoccurrence by targeting the glial CSCs. A new, orally available, selective CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945 has had promising results when tested in cancer cell lines, in vivo xenograft models, and human clinical trials. The development of CK2 targeted inhibitors, starting with CX-4945, may lead to a new class of more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Agarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan T Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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