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Greene M, Houghtaling B, Sadeghzadeh C, De Marco M, Bryant D, Morgan R, Holston D. African Americans' perceptions of nutrition interventions: a scoping review. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:320-339. [PMID: 35514108 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition education and policy, systems and environmental (PSE) change interventions may be able to address food insecurity and obesity, conditions which are disproportionately experienced by African Americans. Work that seeks to address these disparities and advance social justice should uplift and learn from participant voices, particularly from marginalised groups. This scoping review aimed to summarise the available literature describing African Americans' perceptions of and experiences participating in nutrition interventions. We conducted an electronic literature search with the assistance of a research librarian which encompassed six databases (MEDLINE, PyscINFO, Agricola, ERIC, SocINDEX and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses) and identified thirty-five sources meeting our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies assessing African Americans' satisfaction with interventions examined educational interventions alone, and about half of the included studies assessed satisfaction through quantitative methods alone. The only studies which found participants to be dissatisfied with interventions used qualitative methods and examined interventions providing education alone. Future work should evaluate African Americans' experience with nutrition-focused PSE changes, interventions which may be better able to address racial disparities in obesity and food insecurity. Nutrition educators working with African Americans should also consider evaluating future interventions using qualitative inquiry, to obtain an in-depth understanding of participant experiences with interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Greene
- School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) & LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA70803, USA
| | - Bailey Houghtaling
- School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) & LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA70803, USA
| | - Claire Sadeghzadeh
- Nutrition Department, Gillings School of Global Public Health & Center for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - Molly De Marco
- Nutrition Department, Gillings School of Global Public Health & Center for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - De'Jerra Bryant
- School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) & LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA70803, USA
| | - Randa Morgan
- Agriculture Librarian, LSU Libraries, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA70803, USA
| | - Denise Holston
- School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) & LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA70803, USA
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Singleton CR, Wright LA, McDonald M, Archer IG, Bell CN, McLoughlin GM, Houghtaling B, Cooksey Stowers K, Anderson Steeves E. Structural racism and geographic access to food retailers in the United States: A scoping review. Health Place 2023; 83:103089. [PMID: 37557002 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review summarized findings and key measures from U.S.-based studies that 1) examined associations between geographic indicators of structural racism (e.g., redlining, racial segregation) and access to food retailers (e.g., supermarkets, convenience stores) or 2) documented disparities in access by neighborhood racial/ethnic composition. In 2022, relevant scientific literature was reviewed using Covidence software. Independent reviewers examined 13,069 citations; 163 citations advanced to the full-text review stage and 70 were selected for inclusion. Twenty-one studies (30%) linked one or more indicator of structural racism to food retailer access while 49 (70%) solely examined differences in access by neighborhood racial/ethnic composition. All studies featuring indicators of structural racism reported significant findings; however, indicators varied across studies making it difficult to make direct comparisons. Key indicators of structural racism in the food access literature included redlining (n = 3), gentrification (n = 3), and racial segregation (n = 4). Many U.S.-based studies have evaluated food retailer access by neighborhood racial/ethnic composition. Moving forward, studies should model indicators of structural racism and determine their influence on geographic access to large and small food retailers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Singleton
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Laura A Wright
- Rudolph Matas Library of the Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meredith McDonald
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Isabel G Archer
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Caryn N Bell
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gabriella M McLoughlin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bailey Houghtaling
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kristen Cooksey Stowers
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health, And Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 2020, obesity prevalence among US children reached 19.7%, impacting about 14.7 million children and adolescents. Food insecurity among children is also a public health concern but has largely decreased or remained stable over the past decade, reaching 6.2% of US households with children in 2021. Given food insecurity and obesity's interconnected nature and their negative consequences on children's health, it is of interest to assess the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program's (SNAP's) impact on childhood food security, dietary quality, disease risk, and health outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests that SNAP participants, including children, struggle to meet key dietary guidelines and perform poorly on key health indicators when compared with income-eligible and higher income nonparticipants. Children participating in SNAP were more likely to have elevated disease risk and consume more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), more high-fat dairy, and more processed meats than income-eligible nonparticipants. However, research suggests that federal food assistance programs with more stringent nutrition standards - the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP) - improve dietary quality, increase birth weight and gestation periods, and reduce childhood obesity, infant mortality and healthcare costs. SUMMARY After reviewing the evidence on SNAP's impacts on food insecurity, dietary quality, and health as well as research on the health impacts of other more successful federal food assistance programs, we provide three policy recommendations to strengthen SNAP's effectiveness as a health intervention for children and families.
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Lowery BC, Swayne MRE, Castro I, Embury J. Mapping EBT Store Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Low-Income, Food-Insecure Community in San Diego. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E37. [PMID: 35772036 PMCID: PMC9258444 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.210410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryce C Lowery
- Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.,800 Van Vleet Oval, Gibbs College of Architecture, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019.
| | - Madison R E Swayne
- School of Public Affairs, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Iana Castro
- Fowler College of Business, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Jessica Embury
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
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Fruit and Vegetable Incentive Programs for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participants: A Scoping Review of Program Structure. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061676. [PMID: 32512758 PMCID: PMC7352438 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The low intake of fruits/vegetables (FV) by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants is a persistent public health challenge. Fruit and vegetable incentive programs use inducements to encourage FV purchases. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify structural factors in FV incentive programs that may impact program effectiveness, including (i.) differences in recruitment/eligibility, (ii.) incentive delivery and timing, (iii.) incentive value, (iv.) eligible foods, and (v.) retail venue. Additionally, the FV incentive program impact on FV purchase and/or consumption is summarized. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews, a search of four bibliographic databases resulted in the identification of 45 publications for consideration; 19 of which met the pre-determined inclusion criteria for full-length publications employing a quasi-experimental design and focused on verified, current SNAP participants. The data capturing study objective, study design, sample size, incentive program structure characteristics (participant eligibility and recruitment, delivery and timing of incentive, foods eligible for incentive redemption, type of retail venue), and study outcomes related to FV purchases/consumption were entered in a standardized chart. Eleven of the 19 studies had enrollment processes to receive the incentive, and most studies (17/19) provided the incentive in the form of a token, coupon, or voucher. The value of the incentives varied, but was usually offered as a match. Incentives were typically redeemable only for FV, although three studies required an FV purchase to trigger the delivery of an incentive for any SNAP-eligible food. Finally, most studies (16/19) were conducted at farmers’ markets. Eighteen of the 19 studies reported a positive impact on participant purchase and/or consumption of FV. Overall, this scoping review provides insights intended to inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of future FV incentive programs targeting SNAP participants; and demonstrates the potential effectiveness of FV incentive programs for increasing FV purchase and consumption among vulnerable populations.
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Rybarczyk G, Taylor D, Brines S, Wetzel R. A Geospatial Analysis of Access to Ethnic Food Retailers in Two Michigan Cities: Investigating the Importance of Outlet Type within Active Travel Neighborhoods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010166. [PMID: 31881710 PMCID: PMC6982187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, the research that examines food accessibility has tended to ignore ethnic food outlets. This void leaves us with a limited understanding of how such food stores may, or may not, impact food security. The study discussed herein addressed this by conducting a geospatial assessment of ethnic food outlet accessibility in two U.S. cities: Flint and Grand Rapids, Michigan. We used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools to create a revealed accessibility index for each food outlet, and used the index to determine access within active travel service areas. We utilized an ordinary least squares regression (OLS), and two local models: spatial autoregression (SAR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to enhance our understanding of global and localized relationships between outlet accessibility and type (while controlling for known covariates). The results show that the local models outperformed (R2 max = 0.938) the OLS model. The study found that there was reduced access to ethnic restaurants in all service areas of Grand Rapids. However, in Flint, we observed this association in the bicycling areas only. Also notable were the influences that demographic characteristics had on access in each city. Ultimately, the findings tell us that nuanced planning and policy approaches are needed in order to promote greater access to ethnic food outlets and reduce overall food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Rybarczyk
- Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA;
- The Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
- The Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health, London SW9 7QF, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-810-762-3355
| | - Dorceta Taylor
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (D.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Shannon Brines
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (D.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Richard Wetzel
- Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USA;
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Hosler AS, Cong X. Effect of Change in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Guidelines on Vendor Participation and Availability of Fresh Produce. Prev Chronic Dis 2019; 16:E115. [PMID: 31441767 PMCID: PMC6716391 DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.190020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In January 2018, new vendor eligibility standards for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) were fully implemented to increase availability of healthy staple and perishable foods. We examined changes in SNAP vendor participation and availability of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) both short-term (2015 vs 2018) and long term (2003 vs 2018) in an urban, low-income community. Methods We conducted food store assessments from late June through early September of 2003, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018 in Albany, New York. SNAP status was assessed by using the US Department of Agriculture’s list of SNAP-authorized stores and in-store verification. Results Numbers of SNAP vendors were 77 in 2003, 92 in 2009, 103 in 2012, 115 in 2015, and 109 in 2018. We observed a marginally significant (P = .049) short-term (2015, 85.9% vs 2018, 73.9%) decline in SNAP participation among convenience stores but no significant short-term changes in FFV availability among either SNAP or non-SNAP vendors. In long-term (2003 through 2018) trends, we found significant (P < .01) increases in SNAP participation among farmers markets and nonprofit organizations. The proportion of SNAP vendors stocking only 1 type of FFV also significantly increased, which was likely related to a consumer trend of favoring bananas as a grab-and-go snack. Conclusion Despite the decline of SNAP participation among convenience stores, which primarily came from increased program withdrawals, the new SNAP rule did not substantially alter FFV availability after 6 to 8 months of its full implementation. Long term, policy efforts increased SNAP participation among farmers markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko S Hosler
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144.
| | - Xiao Cong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
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Cho CY, Clark JK. Disparities in Access to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Retailers Over Time and Space. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-019-09514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Accessibility Landscapes of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Authorized Stores. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:836-848. [PMID: 29366612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest food assistance program in the United States. Participants receive electronic benefits that are redeemable at a variety of food stores. Previous research notes that low-income neighborhoods often lack supermarkets with high-quality, affordable food. OBJECTIVE The first aim of this study was to explore the number and spatial distribution of SNAP stores by type and to assess how SNAP benefit redemption is linked to store type in North Carolina in 2015. The second aim was to compare the demographics of populations living in areas with a high concentration of SNAP participants vs areas with a lower concentration of SNAP participants. The third aim was to test for disparities in the availability of and access to SNAP-authorized stores in areas with high vs low concentration of SNAP participants stratified by rural/urban status. DESIGN US Department of Agriculture and US Census data were used to explore the spatial distribution of SNAP stores at the census block group level utilizing a Geographic Information System. PARTICIPANTS The 9,556 North Carolina SNAP stores in 2015 categorized into full-variety and limited-variety stores. OUTCOME MEASURES Proximity to limited-variety SNAP food stores and full-variety SNAP food stores within access range (1 mile in urban areas and 10 miles in rural areas). STATISTICAL ANALYSES Wilcoxon rank sum and χ2 tests are used to compare the distance to and concentration of SNAP stores by rurality and SNAP participant concentration at census block group scale. RESULTS Among the SNAP stores in North Carolina, 83% are limited-variety stores and 17% are full-variety stores. There are disparities in the demographics of individuals living in census block groups with a high proportion of SNAP participants compared to census block groups with a lower proportion of SNAP participants. More households in higher SNAP participant census block groups were non-white, did not have a car, and had children compared to census block groups with lower SNAP participation. Residents in high SNAP participant census block groups typically had access to 0 full-variety stores and 4 limited-variety stores in urban areas and 3 full-variety stores and 17 limited-variety stores in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS SNAP participant access to a variety of stores should be considered when approving food stores for SNAP authorization. More research is essential to disentangle the relationship between access to SNAP store type and SNAP food choice and to estimate geographical disparities.
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Racine EF, Kennedy A, Batada A, Story M. Foods and Beverages Available at SNAP-Authorized Drugstores in Sections of North Carolina. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 49:674-683.e1. [PMID: 28889856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.05.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess healthy food availability in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-authorized drugstores by store chain and neighborhood income level in 3 regions of North Carolina. DESIGN Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING Twenty-five counties in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS A total of 108 drugstores (36 CVS Health, 36 Rite Aid, and 36 Walgreens). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fifty foods and beverages offered at drugstores, categorized as healthier and less healthy. ANALYSIS Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to test differences in the availability of foods and beverages by chain and neighborhood income. RESULTS Of the 50 foods/beverages observed, 11 were available at all drugstores. Three of the 36 (8%) healthier items were available at all stores (100% fruit juice, water, and high-fiber cereal) whereas 8 of the 14 less healthy items (57%) were available at all stores (chips, sports drinks, energy drinks, regular soda, diet soda, sugar-sweetened beverages, beer, and wine). Only 3% of drugstores offered fresh vegetables and 4% offered fresh fruits. Less than 20% offered frozen chicken or beef. For 36 healthier foods, 11 differed by chain (28%); for less healthy foods 2 of 14 differed by chain (7%). Foods and beverages offered did not vary by neighborhood income. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although drugstores offer some healthier items, few offer fresh produce. As the drugstore industry changes, it is important for the nutrition community to study the impact of these changes on food purchasing behavior and ultimately health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Racine
- Department of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC.
| | - Ashley Kennedy
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC
| | - Ameena Batada
- Department of Health and Wellness, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC
| | - Mary Story
- Department of Community and Family Medicine and Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Shopping pattern and food purchase differences among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) households and Non-supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program households in the United States. Prev Med Rep 2017; 7:152-157. [PMID: 28660124 PMCID: PMC5484978 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SNAP households are influenced by proximity to stores in predicting store choice. Store choice among SNAP households predicted beverage purchases. SNAP households are more likely to purchase sugar-sweetened beverages at supercenters and convenience stores.
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Chaparro MP, Harrison GG, Wang MC, Seto EYW, Pebley AR. The unhealthy food environment does not modify the association between obesity and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in Los Angeles County. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:81. [PMID: 28088219 PMCID: PMC5237482 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-4011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has been linked to an increased risk of obesity, but not much is known about the mechanisms behind this association. The objective of this study was to determine if the neighborhood density of unhealthy food outlets modifies the association between obesity and participation in SNAP. METHODS Data comes from the first wave of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey; included are a subsample of adults (18+ years) who were SNAP participants or eligible non-participants (N = 1,176). We carried out multilevel analyses with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2), SNAP participation, and the neighborhood density of unhealthy food outlets as dependent, independent and modifying variables, respectively, controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, working status, mental health, and neighborhood poverty. RESULTS SNAP participants had double the odds of obesity compared to eligible non-participants (OR = 2.02; 95%CI = 1.44-2.83). However, the neighborhood density of unhealthy food outlets did not modify this association. CONCLUSIONS SNAP participation was associated with higher odds of obesity in our primarily Hispanic sample in Los Angeles County, with no effect modification found for the unhealthy portion of the food environment. More research is needed with additional food environment measures to confirm our null findings. Additional research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking SNAP participation and obesity as they remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pia Chaparro
- Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Gail G. Harrison
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - May C. Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Edmund Y. W. Seto
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Office: HSB F-226C, Box: 357234, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Anne R. Pebley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Department of Sociology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Harmon BE, Smith N, Pirkey P, Beets MW, Blake CE. The Impact of Culinary Skills Training on the Dietary Attitudes and Behaviors of Children and Parents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2015.1056862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lamb KE, Thornton LE, Cerin E, Ball K. Statistical Approaches Used to Assess the Equity of Access to Food Outlets: A Systematic Review. AIMS Public Health 2015; 2:358-401. [PMID: 29546115 PMCID: PMC5690240 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.3.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inequalities in eating behaviours are often linked to the types of food retailers accessible in neighbourhood environments. Numerous studies have aimed to identify if access to healthy and unhealthy food retailers is socioeconomically patterned across neighbourhoods, and thus a potential risk factor for dietary inequalities. Existing reviews have examined differences between methodologies, particularly focussing on neighbourhood and food outlet access measure definitions. However, no review has informatively discussed the suitability of the statistical methodologies employed; a key issue determining the validity of study findings. Our aim was to examine the suitability of statistical approaches adopted in these analyses. Methods Searches were conducted for articles published from 2000–2014. Eligible studies included objective measures of the neighbourhood food environment and neighbourhood-level socio-economic status, with a statistical analysis of the association between food outlet access and socio-economic status. Results Fifty-four papers were included. Outlet accessibility was typically defined as the distance to the nearest outlet from the neighbourhood centroid, or as the number of food outlets within a neighbourhood (or buffer). To assess if these measures were linked to neighbourhood disadvantage, common statistical methods included ANOVA, correlation, and Poisson or negative binomial regression. Although all studies involved spatial data, few considered spatial analysis techniques or spatial autocorrelation. Conclusions With advances in GIS software, sophisticated measures of neighbourhood outlet accessibility can be considered. However, approaches to statistical analysis often appear less sophisticated. Care should be taken to consider assumptions underlying the analysis and the possibility of spatially correlated residuals which could affect the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Lamb
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Lukar E Thornton
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Ester Cerin
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Kylie Ball
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Gravlee CC, Boston PQ, Mitchell MM, Schultz AF, Betterley C. Food store owners' and managers' perspectives on the food environment: an exploratory mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1031. [PMID: 25281272 PMCID: PMC4287570 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood characteristics such as poverty and racial composition are associated with inequalities in access to food stores and in the risk of obesity, but the pathways between food environments and health are not well understood. This article extends research on consumer food environments by examining the perspectives of food-store owners and managers. METHODS We conducted semistructured, open-ended interviews with managers and owners of 20 food stores in low-income, predominantly African American neighborhoods in Tallahassee, Florida (USA). The interviews were designed to elicit store managers' and owners' views about healthy foods, the local food environment, and the challenges and opportunities they face in creating access to healthy foods. We elicited perceptions of what constitutes "healthy foods" using two free-list questions. The study was designed and implemented in accord with principles of community-based participatory research. RESULTS Store owners' and managers' conceptions of "healthy foods" overlapped with public health messages, but (a) agreement about which foods are healthy was not widespread and (b) some retailers perceived processed foods such as snack bars and sugar-sweetened juice drinks as healthy. In semistructured interviews, store owners and managers linked the consumer food environment to factors across multiple levels of analysis, including: business practices such as the priority of making sales and the delocalization of decision-making, macroeconomic factors such as poverty and the cost of healthier foods, individual and family-level factors related to parenting and time constraints, and community-level factors such as crime and decline of social cohesion. CONCLUSIONS Our results link food stores to multilevel, ecological models of the food environment. Efforts to reshape the consumer food environment require attention to factors across multiple levels of analysis, including local conceptions of "healthy foods", the business priority of making sales, and policies and practices that favor the delocalization of decision making and constrain access to healthful foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence C Gravlee
- />Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1112 Turlington Hall, PO Box 117305, Gainesville, FL 32611-7305 USA
| | - P Qasimah Boston
- />Department of Children & Families, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Program Office, 1317 Winewood Blvd, Bldg 6, Rm 256, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA
- />Project FOOD Now, Inc, 635 E. College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA
- />Tallahassee Food Network, Inc, P.O. Box 365, Tallahassee, FL 32302 USA
| | - M Miaisha Mitchell
- />Tallahassee Food Network, Inc, P.O. Box 365, Tallahassee, FL 32302 USA
- />Greater Frenchtown Revitalization Council, 812 Goodbread Lane, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA
| | - Alan F Schultz
- />Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97173, Waco, TX 76798-7173 USA
| | - Connie Betterley
- />Leon County Health Department, 2965 Municipal Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32304 USA
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