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Malkawi AM, Meertens RM, Kremers SPJ, van der Borgh-Sleddens EFC, Picknell GC, Al Shehhi M. Correlates of Dietary Behaviors Among Young Emirati Males Completing Compulsory Military Service. Mil Med 2023; 188:3488-3495. [PMID: 35674290 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is important to understand the correlates of different dietary behaviors in a military context in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to guide intervention development to prevent and treat obesity as it has a significant impact at the country and regional level. This study aimed to assess different dietary behaviors and their association with potential correlates including age, marital status, educational level, smoking status, screen time, dietary knowledge, eating self-efficacy, and general self-efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design and included 153 (M = 25.9 years, SD = ± 3.2) military recruits completing their basic training at a single military camp in the UAE. Dietary behaviors of these recruits were measured using the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study. Other potential correlates included dietary knowledge, general self-efficacy, and eating efficacy. The ethical approval was obtained from the research ethics committee in the UAE university. RESULTS Daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and breakfast was reported by 14.4%, 25.5%, and 22.9% of the military recruits, respectively. Almost half of the recruits (46.4%) consumed sugar-sweetened drinks more than 3 times a week, 39.2% consumed fast food more than 3 times a week, and 37.3% consumed sweets/chocolates more than 3 times a week. Bivariate regression analyses revealed that eating self-efficacy was positively associated with breakfast and dairy food consumption, although it was inversely associated with sugar, fast-food, and French fries intake. Age was significantly and inversely associated with sugar, fast-food, and energy drink intake. Moreover, nutrition knowledge was significantly and positively correlated with vegetable intake and negatively correlated with energy drink consumption. Multiple regressions showed that lower age and lower eating self-efficacy were found to be the main predictors for sugar-sweetened drinks (adjusted R2 = 0.112) and fast-food intake (adjusted R2 = 0.084). Also, a higher dietary knowledge score was a predictor of vegetable intake (adjusted R2 = 0.093), although age and smoking predict energy drink intake (adjusted R2 = 0.225). CONCLUSIONS The results show that unhealthy eating patterns are common among new recruits in the UAE military. The study suggests that age, eating self-efficacy, and nutrition knowledge are the main correlates of selected dietary behaviors. Interventions are advised to target these correlates to achieve healthier dietary habits inside the military.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Malkawi
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherland
| | - Ree M Meertens
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, and Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Stef P J Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherland
| | | | - Gareth C Picknell
- Physical Readiness Department, National Service and Reserve Authority, Ministry of Defence, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mouza Al Shehhi
- 3Dimensions Physical Performance LLC, Khalifa Commercial Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Sheafer KA, Lee DM, George B, Jayne JM, Cole RE. Nutrition Knowledge Is Associated With Diet Quality Among US Army Soldiers. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:748-754. [PMID: 37632491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship between nutrition knowledge, diet quality, and eating behavior among active-duty US Army Soldiers. METHODS Cross-sectional study with data collection in February 2018 via paper surveys during the validation of the Military Eating Behavior Survey. RESULTS Among 440 US Army Soldiers, nutrition knowledge was positively and significantly associated with diet quality (b = 0.29, P < 0.001). For every 1-point increase in nutrition knowledge, the Healthy Eating Index-2015 score was expected to increase by 0.29 points. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly associated with skipping breakfast (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.04) or dining out (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.03). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The outcomes of this study warrant further investigation to determine what interventions provide the strongest outcomes for improving nutrition knowledge and diet quality, as well as create and support an environment that enhances healthy behaviors regarding nutrition that lead to improved diet quality among active-duty Soldiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Sheafer
- US Military-Baylor University Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX.
| | - Dustin M Lee
- US Military-Baylor University Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX
| | - Beatriz George
- US Military-Baylor University Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX
| | - Julianna M Jayne
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
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Liu Y, Yu G, Li Z, Kong Y, Yang R, Yin C, Sun X. A Responsive Feeding Questionnaire Based on Self-Determination Theory for Caregivers of Chinese Toddlers. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:447-456. [PMID: 37032195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and test the psychometric properties of a responsive feeding questionnaire (RFQ) on the basis of Self-Determination Theory for caregivers of toddlers aged 12-24 months in China. DESIGN Item generation, preliminary evaluation items, refinement questionnaire, and psychometric properties testing. SETTING Toddlers' caregivers from Shandong Province, China, were surveyed online between June 2021 and February 2022 (n = 616). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Content, face, and construct validity and reliability of the RFQ. ANALYSIS Content validity was performed on the basis of expert panel feedback and cognitive interviews among caregivers. Construct validity was evaluated using principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Test-retest reliability was conducted with a sample of 105 caregivers. RESULTS Over 3 phases of testing, a new instrument was developed to measure responsive feeding in toddler caregivers. The instrument was reliable, with an internal consistency of 0.87 and an intraclass correlation of 0.92. The principal component analysis identified a 3-factor solution (autonomy support, positive involvement, appropriate response) aligning with a theoretical framework from Self-Determination Theory. The final version of the instrument included 23 items. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The 23-item RFQ has been validated in a Chinese population. Future research needs to validate this instrument in other countries and with children of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Guiling Yu
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhihui Li
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlan Yin
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodi Sun
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Troncoso MR, Wilson C, Scott JM, Deuster PA. Exploring Influences of Eating Behaviors Among Emerging Adults in the Military. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:331-342. [PMID: 37164549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify factors influencing eating behaviors among emerging adults in the military. DESIGN Focused ethnography using interviews, observations, and artifacts for data. SETTING Three US Naval installations. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-two active-duty Sailors aged 18-25 years. ANALYSIS Qualitative data were organized in NVivo and analyzed sequentially to categorize culturally relevant domains and themes using a social ecological model (SEM). Descriptive statistics were used to describe questionnaire data in SPSS (version 27.0, IBM, 2020). RESULTS Leaders encouraged healthy eating through policies and messages, but cultural contradictions and environmental barriers undermined Sailors' efforts to eat healthily. Stress and resource constraints (intrapersonal), peer pressure (social), unhealthy food environments and lack of access to food preparation (environmental), and eating on the go because of mission-first norms (cultural) promoted unhealthy eating behaviors. Nutrition and culinary literacy (intrapersonal); peer support and leadership engagement (social); access to healthy, convenient, and low-cost foods (environmental); and indoctrination to healthy eating during recruit training (cultural) positively influenced eating behaviors. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The eating behaviors of service members are influenced by many modifiable factors. Targeted education, leadership engagement, and policies that make nutritious foods easily accessible, appealing, and preferred are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Troncoso
- Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA.
| | - Candy Wilson
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jonathan M Scott
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
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Chopra S, Ranjan P, Malhotra A, Sarkar S, Kumari A, Prakash B, Kaloiya GS, Dwivedi SN, Siddhu A, Vikram NK. Validation of Tools to Assess Predictors of Successful Weight Loss Outcome in Individuals With Overweight and Obesity. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:878-885. [PMID: 35764452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate questionnaires to assess the behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental predictors of successful weight loss outcomes. DESIGN Mixed method study. Questionnaires were developed using 5 steps: item generation by literature review and preexisting questionnaires, expert evaluation, pilot testing, factor analysis, and internal consistency. SETTING Adults with obesity recruited via web-based survey hyperlink. PARTICIPANTS One hundred participants with a mean body mass index of 28.7 ± 4.4 kg/m2. VARIABLES MEASURED The questionnaires were generated using 221 items. Establishing content, face and construct validity, and internal consistency. ANALYSIS Content validity was analyzed using content validity index and content validity ratio, internal consistency through Cronbach α (CA), and structural validity by factor analysis via principal varimax rotation. RESULTS All three questionnaires had good content validity. The Behavioral Predictor Questionnaire had good internal consistency (CA, 0.7) and excellent structural validity (69.7%). Psychosocial Predictors Questionnaire (CA, 0.8, 67.5%) and Environmental Predictors Questionnaire (CA: 0.8, 72.2%) had excellent internal consistency and structural validity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Questionnaires seem to be practical, valid, and reliable tools for baseline assessment of individual-specific factors related to weight loss success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Chopra
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Department of Home Science, Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bindu Prakash
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupa Siddhu
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Weight management behaviours mediate the relationship between weight cycling, BMI and diet quality among US Army Soldiers. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:569-576. [PMID: 34470676 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100338x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Weight cycling is prevalent in sports/professions with body composition standards, and has been associated with weight management behaviours that may contribute to suboptimal diet quality and weight gain. US Army Soldiers may be at increased risk of weight cycling relative to civilians due to mandated body composition standards. However, the relationship between weight cycling, weight management behaviours, BMI and diet quality among Soldiers is unknown. In this cross-sectional study, 575 Soldiers (89 % enlisted, 90 % male, 23 ± 4 years) at Army installations at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK, Joint-Base Lewis McChord, WA, and Fort Campbell, KY completed questionnaires on food frequency, health-related behaviours and history of weight cycling (≥ 3 weight fluctuations ≥ 5 % body weight). Weight cycling was reported by 33 % of Soldiers. Those who reported weight cycling reported higher BMI (27 ± 4 v. 25 ± 3 kg/m2, P < 0·001) and higher prevalence of engaging in weight management behaviours prior to body weight screening but did not report lower dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) scores 59 ± 10 v 59 ± 11, P = 0·46) relative to those who did not report weight cycling. Results of mediation analyses suggested that weight cycling may affect BMI both directly (c' = 1·19, 95 % CI: 0·62, 1·75) and indirectly (ab = 0·45, 95 % CI: 0·19, 0·75), and HEI scores indirectly (ab = 0·69, 95 % CI: 0·20, 1·35) through the adoption of weight management behaviours. Weight cycling is common in Soldiers and is associated with higher BMI and higher prevalence of engaging in weight management behaviours that mediate associations between weight cycling, BMI and diet quality.
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Dyal RN, Deschamps BA, McGraw SM, Jayne JM, Karl JP, Cole RE. Healthy Eating Score-7 as a Measure of Diet Quality in a Military Population. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:455-464. [PMID: 35000832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify potential revisions to the Healthy Eating Score (HES-5) that improve associations with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) -2015 total and component scores. METHODS Pearson r correlations were determined from soldiers' (n = 433) survey data, including the HES, proposed additional questions, and the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. RESULTS Adding sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drink questions (HES-7) strengthened the HES and HEI-2015 correlation (HES-5; r = 0.42, n = 433, r2 = 0.18, P < 0.001) (HES-7; r = 0.52, r2 = 0.27, P < 0.001). The HES components and Block Food Frequency Questionnaire consumption correlations were as follows: quantity of fruit (r = 0.37, r2 = 0.14, P < 0.001), vegetables (r = 0.41, r2 = 0.17, P < 0.001), whole grains (r = 0.35, r2 = 0.12 P < 0.001), dairy (r = 0.34, r2 = 0.12, P < 0.001), fish (r = 0.31, r2 = 0.10, P < 0.001), and energy drink (r = 0.59, r2 = 0.35, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HES-7 had the strongest correlation with HEI-2015. Future studies can explore if including consumption quantity in the HES improves its representation of diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Dyal
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Nutrition Care Division, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA.
| | - Bethany A Deschamps
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Nutrition Care Division, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA
| | - Susan M McGraw
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA
| | - Julianna M Jayne
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA
| | - J Philip Karl
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA
| | - Renee E Cole
- Medical Center of Excellence, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX
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Chapman-Novakofski K. Targeted Questionnaire Development. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:998. [PMID: 34895560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Iyer KR, Winkler M, Zubizarreta N, Nisenholtz M, Lucero K, Lubarda J. Knowledge of chronic intestinal failure among US gastroenterologists: Cause for concern and learning opportunity. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 46:730-733. [PMID: 34713914 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal failure (CIF) is an ultrarare disease, with an estimated national prevalence of ∼25,000 cases. There is a suspicion of widespread lack of expertise in CIF care, but no formal assessment tool or data exist. We developed and validated a knowledge test in CIF and now report our preliminary results from testing CIF knowledge in a cohort of US gastroenterologists. METHOD We developed a 20-question knowledge test in CIF, covering four key components of IF. After internal testing, refinement, and revision, we administered the test to a convenience sample of experts and nonexperts in IF. We then deployed the validated test to a cohort of 100 US gastroenterologists. RESULTS The test had a Cronbach alpha of 0.74, suggesting a reliable test, with a threshold score to discriminate experts and nonexperts of 13.4 (maximum 20) and with a sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 86.4%. The overall mean score of 8.2 for the 100 US gastroenterologists was at the level of nonexperts in our convenience sample. CONCLUSION The preliminary results of our validated knowledge test in IF among a broad group of US gastroenterologists demonstrate lack of knowledge in IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Iyer
- Intestinal Rehabilitation & Transplant Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marion Winkler
- Department of Surgery/Nutrition Support, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole Zubizarreta
- Intestinal Rehabilitation & Transplant Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marjorie Nisenholtz
- Intestinal Rehabilitation & Transplant Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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