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Saaiman D, Brand L, de Brouwe G, Janse van Rensburg H, Terre'Blanche G, Legoabe L, Krahe T, Wolmarans D. Striatal adenosine A 2A receptor involvement in normal and large nest building deer mice: perspectives on compulsivity and anxiety. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114492. [PMID: 37172739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurring obsessive thoughts and repetitive behaviors that are often associated with anxiety and perturbations in cortico-striatal signaling. Given the suboptimal response of OCD to current serotonergic interventions, there is a need to better understand the psychobiological mechanisms that may underlie the disorder. In this regard, investigations into adenosinergic processes might be fruitful. Indeed, adenosine modulates both anxiety- and motor behavioral output. Thus, we aimed to explore the potential associations between compulsive-like large nest building (LNB) behavior in deer mice, anxiety and adenosinergic processes. From an initial pool of 120 adult deer mice, 34 normal nest building (NNB)- and 32 LNB-expressing mice of both sexes were selected and exposed to either a normal water (wCTRL) or vehicle control (vCTRL), lorazepam (LOR) or istradefylline (ISTRA) for 7- (LOR) or 28 days after which nesting assessment was repeated and animals screened for anxiety-like behavior in an anxiogenic open field. Mice were then euthanized, the striatal tissue removed on ice and the adenosine A2A receptor expression quantified. Our findings indicate that NNB and LNB behavior are not distinctly associated with measures of generalized anxiety and that ISTRA-induced changes in nesting expression are dissociated from changes in anxiety scores. Further, data from this investigation show that nesting in deer mice is directly related to striatal adenosine signaling, and that LNB is founded upon a lower degree of adenosinergic A2A stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saaiman
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - L Brand
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - G de Brouwe
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - H Janse van Rensburg
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - G Terre'Blanche
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - L Legoabe
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - T Krahe
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Wolmarans
- Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Watanabe S. Are mirrors aversive or rewarding for mice? Insights from the mirror preference test. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1137206. [PMID: 37122492 PMCID: PMC10133477 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1137206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
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3
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Acikgoz B, Dalkiran B, Dayi A. An overview of the currency and usefulness of behavioral tests used from past to present to assess anxiety, social behavior and depression in rats and mice. Behav Processes 2022; 200:104670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sheardown E, Mech AM, Petrazzini MEM, Leggieri A, Gidziela A, Hosseinian S, Sealy IM, Torres-Perez JV, Busch-Nentwich EM, Malanchini M, Brennan CH. Translational relevance of forward genetic screens in animal models for the study of psychiatric disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104559. [PMID: 35124155 PMCID: PMC9016269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders represent a significant burden in our societies. Despite the convincing evidence pointing at gene and gene-environment interaction contributions, the role of genetics in the etiology of psychiatric disease is still poorly understood. Forward genetic screens in animal models have helped elucidate causal links. Here we discuss the application of mutagenesis-based forward genetic approaches in common animal model species: two invertebrates, nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and fruit flies (Drosophila sp.); and two vertebrates, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and mice (Mus musculus), in relation to psychiatric disease. We also discuss the use of large scale genomic studies in human populations. Despite the advances using data from human populations, animal models coupled with next-generation sequencing strategies are still needed. Although with its own limitations, zebrafish possess characteristics that make them especially well-suited to forward genetic studies exploring the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sheardown
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Aleksandra M Mech
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | | | - Adele Leggieri
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Agnieszka Gidziela
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Saeedeh Hosseinian
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Ian M Sealy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose V Torres-Perez
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Margherita Malanchini
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Caroline H Brennan
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK.
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Portal B, Delcourte S, Rovera R, Lejards C, Bullich S, Malnou CE, Haddjeri N, Déglon N, Guiard BP. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of astroglial connexin 43 differentially influences the acute response of antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13440. [PMID: 31925934 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Astroglial connexins (Cxs) 30 and 43 are engaged in gap junction and hemichannel activities. Evidence suggests that these functional entities contribute to regulating neurotransmission, thereby influencing brain functions. In particular, preclinical and clinical findings highlight a role of Cx43 in animal models of depression. However, the role of these proteins in response to currently available psychotropic drugs is still unknown. METHODS To investigate this, we evaluated the behavioural effects of the genetic and pharmacological inactivation of Cx43 on the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine and the benzodiazepine diazepam, respectively. RESULTS A single administration of fluoxetine (18 mg/kg; i.p.) produced a higher increase in hippocampal extracellular serotonin levels, and a greater antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test in Cx43 knock-down (KD) mice bred on a C57BL/6 background compared to their wild-type littermates. Similarly, in outbred Swiss wild-type mice, the intra-hippocampal injection of a shRNA-Cx43 or the acute systemic injection of the Cxs inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX: 10 mg/kg; i.p.) potentiated the antidepressant-like effects of fluoxetine. Evaluating the effects of such strategies on diazepam (0.5 mg/kg; i.p.), the results indicate that Cx43 KD mice or wild-types injected with a shRNA-Cx43 in the amygdala, but not in the hippocampus, attenuated the anxiolytic-like effects of this benzodiazepine in the elevated plus maze. The chronic systemic administration of CBX mimicked the latter observations. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data pave the way to the development of potentiating strategies in the field of psychiatry based on the modulation of astroglial Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Portal
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Sarah Delcourte
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208 Bron France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208 Bron France
| | - Camille Lejards
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Sebastien Bullich
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Cécile E. Malnou
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse‐Purpan (CPTP) INSERM CNRS Université de Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208 Bron France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory of Neurotherapies and Neuromodulation (LNTM) Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
- Neuroscience Research Center LNTM Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bruno P. Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI) Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III Toulouse France
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Chatenay‐Malabry France
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Animals, anxiety, and anxiety disorders: How to measure anxiety in rodents and why. Behav Brain Res 2018; 352:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Robinson L, Spruijt B, Riedel G. Between and within laboratory reliability of mouse behaviour recorded in home-cage and open-field. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 300:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Lin S, Li X, Chen YH, Gao F, Chen H, Hu NY, Huang L, Luo ZY, Liu JH, You QL, Yin YN, Li ZL, Li XW, Du ZJ, Yang JM, Gao TM. Social Isolation During Adolescence Induces Anxiety Behaviors and Enhances Firing Activity in BLA Pyramidal Neurons via mGluR5 Upregulation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5310-5320. [PMID: 28914419 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation during the vulnerable period of adolescence contributes to the occurrence of psychiatric disorders and profoundly affects brain development and adult behavior. Although the impact of social isolation during adolescence on anxiety behaviors has been well studied, much less is known about the onset and underlying mechanisms of these behaviors. We observed that following 2 weeks, but not 1 week, of social isolation, adolescent mice exhibited anxiety behaviors. Strikingly, the mGluR5 protein levels in the amygdala increased concomitantly with anxiety behaviors, and both intraperitoneal administration and intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) infusion of MPEP, a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist, normalized anxiety behaviors. Furthermore, electrophysiological studies showed that 2 weeks of social isolation during adolescence facilitated pyramidal neuronal excitability in the BLA, which could be normalized by MPEP. Together, these results reveal a critical period in adolescence during which social isolation can induce anxiety behaviors and facilitate BLA pyramidal neuronal excitability, both of which are mediated by mGluR5, thus providing mechanistic insights into the onset of anxiety behaviors after social isolation during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Neng-Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ze-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuo-Jun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1023S Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Smith ML, Hostetler CM, Heinricher MM, Ryabinin AE. Social transfer of pain in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600855. [PMID: 27774512 PMCID: PMC5072181 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A complex relationship exists between the psychosocial environment and the perception and experience of pain, and the mechanisms of the social communication of pain have yet to be elucidated. The present study examined the social communication of pain and demonstrates that "bystander" mice housed and tested in the same room as mice subjected to inflammatory pain or withdrawal from morphine or alcohol develop corresponding hyperalgesia. Olfactory cues mediate the transfer of hyperalgesia to the bystander mice, which can be measured using mechanical, thermal, and chemical tests. Hyperalgesia in bystanders does not co-occur with anxiety or changes in corticosterone and cannot be explained by visually dependent emotional contagion or stress-induced hyperalgesia. These experiments reveal the multifaceted relationship between the social environment and pain behavior and support the use of mice as a model system for investigating these factors. In addition, these experiments highlight the need for proper consideration of how experimental animals are housed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique L. Smith
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L470, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Caroline M. Hostetler
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L470, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mary M. Heinricher
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L470, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrey E. Ryabinin
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L470, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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10
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Caution When Diagnosing Your Mouse With Schizophrenia: The Use and Misuse of Model Animals for Understanding Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:32-8. [PMID: 26058706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are widely used in biomedical research, but their applicability to psychiatric disorders is less clear. There are several reasons for this, including 1) emergent features of psychiatric illness that are not captured by the sum of individual symptoms, 2) a lack of equivalency between model animal behavior and human psychiatric symptoms, and 3) the possibility that model organisms do not have (and may not be capable of having) the same illnesses as humans. Here, we discuss the effective use, and inherent limitations, of model animals for psychiatric research. As disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a genetic risk factor across a spectrum of psychiatric disorders, we focus on the results of studies using mice with various mutations of DISC1. The data from a broad range of studies show remarkable consistency with the effects of DISC1 mutation on developmental/anatomical endophenotypes. However, when one expands the phenotype to include behavioral correlates of human psychiatric diseases, much of this consistency ends. Despite these challenges, model animals remain valuable for understanding the basic brain processes that underlie psychiatric diseases. We argue that model animals have great potential to help us understand the core neurobiological dysfunction underlying psychiatric disorders and that marrying genetics and brain circuits with behavior is a good way forward.
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11
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Skobowiat C, Nejati R, Lu L, Williams RW, Slominski AT. Genetic variation of the cutaneous HPA axis: an analysis of UVB-induced differential responses. Gene 2013; 530:1-7. [PMID: 23962689 PMCID: PMC3807248 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skin incorporates a local equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that is critical in coordinating homeostatic responses against external noxious stimuli. Ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) is a skin-specific stressor that can activate this cutaneous HPA axis. Since C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) strains of mice have different predispositions to sensorineural pathway activation, we quantified expression of HPA axis components at the gene and protein levels in skin incubated ex vivo after UVB or sham irradiation. Urocortin mRNA was up-regulated after all doses of UVB with a maximum level at 50 mJ/cm(2) after 12h for D2 and at 200 mJ/cm(2) after 24h for B6. Proopiomelanocortin mRNA was enhanced after 6h with the peak after 12h and at 200 mJ/cm(2) for both genotypes of mice. ACTH levels in tissue and media increased after 24h in B6 but not in D2. UVB stimulated β-endorphin expression was higher in D2 than in B6. Melanocortin receptor 2 mRNA was stimulated by UVB in a dose-dependent manner, with a peak at 200 mJ/cm(2) after 12h for both strains. The expression of Cyp11a1 mRNA - a key mitochondrial P450 enzyme in steroidogenesis, was stimulated at all doses of UVB irradiation, with the most pronounced effect after 12-24h. UVB radiation caused, independently of genotype, a dose-dependent increase in corticosterone production in the skin, mainly after 24h of histoculture. Thus, basal and UVB stimulated expression of the cutaneous HPA axis differs as a function of genotype: D2 responds to UVB earlier and with higher amplitude than B6, while B6 shows prolonged (up to 48 h) stress response to a noxious stimulus such as UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Skobowiat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer
Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163,
USA
| | - Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer
Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163,
USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Center for Integrative and Translational Genomics and Department of
Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
38163, USA
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Center for Integrative and Translational Genomics and Department of
Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
38163, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cancer
Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163,
USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science
Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Clément Y, Prut L, Saurini F, Mineur YS, Le Guisquet AM, Védrine S, Andres C, Vodjdani G, Belzung C. Gabra5-gene haplotype block associated with behavioral properties of the full agonist benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:474-82. [PMID: 22677273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The gabra5 gene is associated with pharmacological properties (myorelaxant, amnesic, anxiolytic) of benzodiazepines. It is tightly located (0.5 cM) close to the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus which encodes for fur color on mouse chromosome 7. We tested the putative role of the gabra5 gene in pharmacological properties of the full non specific agonist chlordiazepoxide (CDP), using behavioral and molecular approaches in mutated p/p mice and wild type F2 from crosses between two multiple markers inbred strain ABP/Le and C57BL/6By strain. From our results, using rotarod, light-dark box, elevated maze and radial arm maze tests, we demonstrate that p/p mice are more sensitive than WT to the sensory motor, anxiolytic and amnesic effect of CDP. This is associated with the presence of a haplotypic block on the murine chromosome 7 and with an up regulation of gabra5 mRNAs in hippocampi of p/p F2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Clément
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, 75651 Paris Cedex, France.
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Hunsaker MR. Comprehensive neurocognitive endophenotyping strategies for mouse models of genetic disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 96:220-41. [PMID: 22266125 PMCID: PMC3289520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for refinement of the current behavioral phenotyping methods for mouse models of genetic disorders. The current approach is to perform a behavioral screen using standardized tasks to define a broad phenotype of the model. This phenotype is then compared to what is known concerning the disorder being modeled. The weakness inherent in this approach is twofold: First, the tasks that make up these standard behavioral screens do not model specific behaviors associated with a given genetic mutation but rather phenotypes affected in various genetic disorders; secondly, these behavioral tasks are insufficiently sensitive to identify subtle phenotypes. An alternate phenotyping strategy is to determine the core behavioral phenotypes of the genetic disorder being studied and develop behavioral tasks to evaluate specific hypotheses concerning the behavioral consequences of the genetic mutation. This approach emphasizes direct comparisons between the mouse and human that facilitate the development of neurobehavioral biomarkers or quantitative outcome measures for studies of genetic disorders across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hunsaker
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Adhikari A, Topiwala MA, Gordon JA. Single units in the medial prefrontal cortex with anxiety-related firing patterns are preferentially influenced by ventral hippocampal activity. Neuron 2011; 71:898-910. [PMID: 21903082 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) functionally interact during innate anxiety tasks. To explore the consequences of this interaction, we examined task-related firing of single units from the mPFC of mice exploring standard and modified versions of the elevated plus maze (EPM), an innate anxiety paradigm. Hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) were simultaneously monitored. The population of mPFC units distinguished between safe and aversive locations within the maze, regardless of the nature of the anxiogenic stimulus. Strikingly, mPFC units with stronger task-related activity were more strongly coupled to theta-frequency activity in the vHPC LFP. Lastly, task-related activity was inversely correlated with behavioral measures of anxiety. These results clarify the role of the vHPC-mPFC circuit in innate anxiety and underscore how specific inputs may be involved in the generation of behaviorally relevant neural activity within the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Adhikari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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