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Ronaldson PT, Williams EI, Betterton RD, Stanton JA, Nilles KL, Davis TP. CNS Drug Delivery in Stroke: Improving Therapeutic Translation From the Bench to the Bedside. Stroke 2024; 55:190-202. [PMID: 38134249 PMCID: PMC10752297 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Drug development for ischemic stroke is challenging as evidenced by the paucity of therapeutics that have advanced beyond a phase III trial. There are many reasons for this lack of clinical translation including factors related to the experimental design of preclinical studies. Often overlooked in therapeutic development for ischemic stroke is the requirement of effective drug delivery to the brain, which is critical for neuroprotective efficacy of several small and large molecule drugs. Advancing central nervous system drug delivery technologies implies a need for detailed comprehension of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit. Such knowledge will permit the innate biology of the BBB/neurovascular unit to be leveraged for improved bench-to-bedside translation of novel stroke therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight key aspects of BBB/neurovascular unit pathophysiology and describe state-of-the-art approaches for optimization of central nervous system drug delivery (ie, passive diffusion, mechanical opening of the BBB, liposomes/nanoparticles, transcytosis, intranasal drug administration). Additionally, we will discuss how endogenous BBB transporters represent the next frontier of drug delivery strategies for stroke. Overall, this review will provide cutting edge perspective on how central nervous system drug delivery must be considered for the advancement of new stroke drugs toward human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erica I. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert D. Betterton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua A. Stanton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kelsy L. Nilles
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Fernandez-Parrilla MA, Reyes-Corona D, Flores-Martinez YM, Nadella R, Bannon MJ, Escobedo L, Maldonado-Berny M, Santoyo-Salazar J, Soto-Rojas LO, Luna-Herrera C, Ayala-Davila J, Gonzalez-Barrios JA, Flores G, Gutierrez-Castillo ME, Espadas-Alvarez AJ, Martínez-Dávila IA, Nava P, Martinez-Fong D. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor transfection in dopamine neurons using neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles reverses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:854-866. [PMID: 34472486 PMCID: PMC8530149 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.321001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of neurotrophic factors in nigral dopamine neurons is a promising approach to reverse neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system, a hallmark in Parkinson's disease. The human cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (hCDNF) has recently emerged as a strong candidate for Parkinson's disease therapy. This study shows that hCDNF expression in dopamine neurons using the neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticle system reverses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced morphological, biochemical, and behavioral alterations. Three independent electron microscopy techniques showed that the neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles containing the hCDNF gene, ranging in size from 20 to 150 nm, enabled the expression of a secretable hCDNF in vitro. Their injection in the substantia nigra compacta on day 21 after the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in detectable hCDNF in dopamine neurons, whose levels remained constant throughout the study in the substantia nigra compacta and striatum. Compared with the lesioned group, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) nigral cell population and TH+ fiber density rose in the substantia nigra compacta and striatum after hCDNF transfection. An increase in βIII-tubulin and growth-associated protein 43 phospho-S41 (GAP43p) followed TH+ cell recovery, as well as dopamine and its catabolite levels. Partial reversal (80%) of drug-activated circling behavior and full recovery of spontaneous motor and non-motor behavior were achieved. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor recovery in dopamine neurons that also occurred suggests its participation in the neurotrophic effects. These findings support the potential of nanoparticle-mediated hCDNF gene delivery to develop a disease-modifying treatment against Parkinson's disease. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados approved our experimental procedures for animal use (authorization No. 162-15) on June 9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Fernandez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Reyes-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yazmin M Flores-Martinez
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rasajna Nadella
- Department of Biosciences, IIIT-Srikakulam, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT), Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Michael J Bannon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lourdes Escobedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Minerva Maldonado-Berny
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Santoyo-Salazar
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis O Soto-Rojas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Edo. de México, México
| | - Claudia Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jose Ayala-Davila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan A Gonzalez-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "1° de Octubre", ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maria E Gutierrez-Castillo
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando J Espadas-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Irma A Martínez-Dávila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Programa de Nanociencias y nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
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Kuo TT, Wang V, Wu JS, Chen YH, Tseng KY. Post-stroke Delivery of Valproic Acid Promotes Functional Recovery and Differentially Modifies Responses of Peri-Infarct Microglia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:639145. [PMID: 34122007 PMCID: PMC8194695 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.639145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific role of peri-infarct microglia and the timing of its morphological changes following ischemic stroke are not well understood. Valproic acid (VPA) can protect against ischemic damage and promote recovery. In this study, we first determined whether a single dose of VPA after stroke could decrease infarction area or improve functional recovery. Next, we investigated the number and morphological characteristic of peri-infarct microglia at different time points and elucidated the mechanism of microglial response by VPA treatment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) for 90 min, followed by reperfusion. Some received a single injection of VPA (200 mg/kg) 90 min after the induction of ischemia, while vehicle-treated animals underwent the same procedure with physiological saline. Infarction volume was calculated at 48 h after reperfusion, and neurological symptoms were evaluated. VPA didn’t significantly reduce infarct volume but did ameliorate neurological deficit at least partially compared with vehicle. Meanwhile, VPA reduced dMCAo-induced elevation of IL-6 at 24 h post-stroke and significantly decreased the number of CD11b-positive microglia within peri-infarct cortex at 7 days. Morphological analysis revealed that VPA therapy leads to higher fractal dimensions, smaller soma size and lower circularity index of CD11b-positive cells within peri-infarct cortex at both 2 and 7 days, suggesting that VPA has core effects on microglial morphology. The modulation of microglia morphology caused by VPA might involve HDAC inhibition-mediated suppression of galectin-3 production. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of CD11b-positive cells at 3 days post-stroke suggested that VPA could partially enhance M2 subset polarization of microglia in peri-infarct cortex. Analysis of VPA-induced changes to gene expressions at 3 days post-stroke implies that these alternations of the biomarkers and microglial responses are implicated in the upregulation of wound healing, collagen trimmer, and extracellular matrix genes within peri-infarct cortex. Our results are the first to show that a low dose of VPA promotes short-term functional recovery but does not alter infarct volume. The decreases in the expression of both IL-6 and galectin-3 might influence the morphological characteristics and transcriptional profiles of microglia and extracellular matrix remodeling, which could contribute to the improved recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Tai Kuo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vicki Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Wu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Tseng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Markosyan V, Safiullov Z, Izmailov A, Fadeev F, Sokolov M, Kuznetsov M, Trofimov D, Kim E, Kundakchyan G, Gibadullin A, Salafutdinov I, Nurullin L, Bashirov F, Islamov R. Preventive Triple Gene Therapy Reduces the Negative Consequences of Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury after Modelling Stroke in a Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186858. [PMID: 32962079 PMCID: PMC7558841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the main fundamental and clinical interest for stroke therapy is focused on developing a neuroprotective treatment of a penumbra region within the therapeutic window. The development of treatments for ischemic stroke in at-risk patients is of particular interest. Preventive gene therapy may significantly reduce the negative consequences of ischemia-induced brain injury. In the present study, we suggest the approach of preventive gene therapy for stroke. Adenoviral vectors carrying genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) or gene engineered umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MC) overexpressing recombinant VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM were intrathecally injected before distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. Post-ischemic brain recovery was investigated 21 days after stroke modelling. Morphometric and immunofluorescent analysis revealed a reduction of infarction volume accompanied with a lower number of apoptotic cells and decreased expression of Hsp70 in the peri-infarct region in gene-treated animals. The lower immunopositive areas for astrocytes and microglial cells markers, higher number of oligodendrocytes and increased expression of synaptic proteins suggest the inhibition of astrogliosis, supporting the corresponding myelination and functional recovery of neurons in animals receiving preventive gene therapy. In this study, for the first time, we provide evidence of the beneficial effects of preventive triple gene therapy by an adenoviral- or UCB-MC-mediated intrathecal simultaneous delivery combination of vegf165, gdnf, and ncam1 on the preservation and recovery of the brain in rats with subsequent modelling of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vage Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Zufar Safiullov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Andrei Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filip Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Mikhail Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Maksim Kuznetsov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Dmitry Trofimov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Evgeny Kim
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Grayr Kundakchyan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Airat Gibadullin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Ilnur Salafutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan [Volga Region] Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Leniz Nurullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Farid Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Rustem Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (V.M.); (Z.S.); (A.I.); (F.F.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (D.T.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Molecular profile of the rat peri-infarct region four days after stroke: Study with MANF. Exp Neurol 2020; 329:113288. [PMID: 32229226 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The peri-infarct region after ischemic stroke is the anatomical location for many of the endogenous recovery processes; however, -the molecular events in the peri-infarct region remain poorly characterized. In this study, we examine the molecular profile of the peri-infarct region on post-stroke day four, a time when reparative processes are ongoing. We used a multiomics approach, involving RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics to characterize molecular changes in the peri-infarct region. We also took advantage of our previously developed method to express transgenes in the peri-infarct region where self-complementary adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were injected into the brain parenchyma on post-stroke day 2. We have previously used this method to show that mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) enhances functional recovery from stroke and recruits phagocytic cells to the peri-infarct region. Here, we first analyzed the effects of stroke to the peri-infarct region on post-stroke day 4 in comparison to sham-operated animals, finding that strokeinduced changes in 3345 transcripts, 341 proteins, and 88 metabolites. We found that after stroke, genes related to inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, and regeneration were upregulated, whereas genes encoding neuroactive ligand receptors and calcium-binding proteins were downregulated. In proteomics, we detected upregulation of proteins related to protein synthesis and downregulation of neuronal proteins. Metabolomic studies indicated that in after stroke tissue there is an increase in saccharides, sugar phosphates, ceramides and free fatty acids and a decrease of adenine, hypoxantine, adenosine and guanosine. We then compared the effects of post-stroke delivery of AAV1-MANF to AAV1-eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein). MANF administration increased the expression of 77 genes, most of which were related to immune response. In proteomics, MANF administration reduced S100A8 and S100A9 protein levels. In metabolomics, no significant differences between MANF and eGFP treatment were detected, but relative to sham surgery group, most of the changes in lipids were significant in the AAV-eGFP group only. This work describes the molecular profile of the peri-infarct region during recovery from ischemic stroke, and establishes a resource for further stroke studies. These results provide further support for parenchymal MANF as a modulator of phagocytic function.
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Albert K, Airavaara M. Neuroprotective and reparative effects of endoplasmic reticulum luminal proteins - mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor. Croat Med J 2019. [PMID: 31044581 PMCID: PMC6509620 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2019.60.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) are proteins that have received increasing attention in the last decades. Although they are called neurotrophic factors they are drastically different from neurotrophic factors in their expression and physiological actions. They are located in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and their basal secretion from neurons is very low. However their secretion is stimulated upon ER calcium depletion by chemical probes such as thapsigargin, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitor. Exogenous MANF and CDNF possess therapeutic properties in several neurological disease models, including Parkinson’s disease and stroke. Endogenous MANF expression has been shown to be neuroprotective, as well as administration of either CDNF or MANF into the extracellular space. In this review, we focus on their therapeutic effects, regulation of expression and secretion, comparison of their mechanisms of action, and their application to the brain parenchyma as recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Mikko Airavaara, Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
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Spiliopoulos S, Festas G, Reppas L, Brountzos E. Intra-arterial administration of cell-based biological agents for ischemic stroke therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:249-259. [PMID: 30615496 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1566454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke is becoming a primary cause of disability and death worldwide. To date, therapeutic options remain limited focusing on mechanical thrombolysis or administration of thrombolytic agents. However, these therapies do not promote neuroprotection and neuro-restoration of the ischemic area of the brain. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the option of minimal invasive, intra-arterial, administration of biological agents for stroke therapy. The authors provide an update of all available studies, discuss issues that influence outcomes and describe future perspectives which aim to improve clinical outcomes. New therapeutic options based on cellular and molecular interactions following an ischemic brain event, will be highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Intra-arterial administration of biological agents during trans-catheter thrombolysis or thrombectomy could limit neuronal cell death and facilitate regeneration or neurogenesis following ischemic brain injury. Despite the initial progress, further meticulous studies are needed in order to establish the clinical use of stem cell-induced neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Spiliopoulos
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Festas
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Lazaros Reppas
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Elias Brountzos
- a 2nd Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital , Athens , Greece
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Mätlik K, Anttila JE, Kuan-Yin T, Smolander OP, Pakarinen E, Lehtonen L, Abo-Ramadan U, Lindholm P, Zheng C, Harvey B, Arumäe U, Lindahl M, Airavaara M. Poststroke delivery of MANF promotes functional recovery in rats. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap8957. [PMID: 29806020 PMCID: PMC5966223 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap8957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of adult disability in developed countries, largely because spontaneous recovery is often incomplete, and no pharmacological means to hasten the recovery exist. It was recently shown that mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) induces alternative or M2 activation of immune cells after retinal damage in both fruit fly and mouse and mediates retinal repair. Therefore, we set out to study whether poststroke MANF administration would enhance brain tissue repair and affect behavioral recovery of rats after cerebral ischemic injury. We used the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) model of ischemia-reperfusion injury and administered MANF either as a recombinant protein or via adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. We discovered that, when MANF was administered to the peri-infarct region 2 or 3 days after stroke, it promoted functional recovery of the animals without affecting the lesion volume. Further, AAV7-MANF treatment transiently increased the number of phagocytic macrophages in the subcortical peri-infarct regions. In addition, the analysis of knockout mice revealed the neuroprotective effects of endogenous MANF against ischemic injury, although endogenous MANF had no effect on immune cell-related gene expression. The beneficial effect of MANF treatment on the reversal of stroke-induced behavioral deficits implies that MANF-based therapies could be used for the repair of brain tissue after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kert Mätlik
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni E. Anttila
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tseng Kuan-Yin
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Smolander
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmi Pakarinen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leevi Lehtonen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Usama Abo-Ramadan
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Congjun Zheng
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brandon Harvey
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Urmas Arumäe
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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MANF Promotes Differentiation and Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells with Potential Neural Regenerative Effects in Stroke. Mol Ther 2017; 26:238-255. [PMID: 29050872 PMCID: PMC5763030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia activates endogenous reparative processes, such as increased proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and migration of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) toward the ischemic area. However, this reparative process is limited because most of the NPCs die shortly after injury or are unable to arrive at the infarct boundary. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that endogenous mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) protects NSCs against oxygen-glucose-deprivation-induced injury and has a crucial role in regulating NPC migration. In NSC cultures, MANF protein administration did not affect growth of cells but triggered neuronal and glial differentiation, followed by activation of STAT3. In SVZ explants, MANF overexpression facilitated cell migration and activated the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathway. Using a rat model of cortical stroke, intracerebroventricular injections of MANF did not affect cell proliferation in the SVZ, but promoted migration of doublecortin (DCX)+ cells toward the corpus callosum and infarct boundary on day 14 post-stroke. Long-term infusion of MANF into the peri-infarct zone increased the recruitment of DCX+ cells in the infarct area. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a neuroregenerative activity of MANF that facilitates differentiation and migration of NPCs, thereby increasing recruitment of neuroblasts in stroke cortex.
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Craig AJ, Housley GD. Evaluation of Gene Therapy as an Intervention Strategy to Treat Brain Injury from Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:34. [PMID: 27252622 PMCID: PMC4877374 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, with a lack of treatments available to prevent cell death, regenerate damaged cells and pathways, or promote neurogenesis. The extended period of hours to weeks over which tissue damage continues to occur makes this disorder a candidate for gene therapy. This review highlights the development of gene therapy in the area of stroke, with the evolution of viral administration, in experimental stroke models, from pre-injury to clinically relevant timeframes of hours to days post-stroke. The putative therapeutic proteins being examined include anti-apoptotic, pro-survival, anti-inflammatory, and guidance proteins, targeting multiple pathways within the complex pathology, with promising results. The balance of findings from animal models suggests that gene therapy provides a viable translational platform for treatment of ischemic brain injury arising from stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Craig
- Translational Neuroscience Facility & Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Gary D Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility & Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
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Huang Y, Tan S. Direct lineage conversion of astrocytes to induced neural stem cells or neurons. Neurosci Bull 2015; 31:357-67. [PMID: 25854678 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells in 2006, cellular reprogramming has attracted increasing attention as a revolutionary strategy for cell replacement therapy. Recent advances have revealed that somatic cells can be directly converted into other mature cell types, which eliminates the risk of neoplasia and the generation of undesired cell types. Astrocytes become reactive and undergo proliferation, which hampers axon regeneration following injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. An emerging technique to directly reprogram astrocytes into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) and induced neurons (iNs) by neural fate determinants brings potential hope to cell replacement therapy for the above neurological problems. Here, we discuss the development of direct reprogramming of various cell types into iNs and iNSCs, then detail astrocyte-derived iNSCs and iNs in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we highlight the unsolved challenges and opportunities for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
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